A case study on the health risks related to flood disasters in South Africa
- Tandlich, Roman, Ncube, Mbonisi, Khamanga, Sandile M, Zuma, Bongumusa M
- Authors: Tandlich, Roman , Ncube, Mbonisi , Khamanga, Sandile M , Zuma, Bongumusa M
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/75917 , vital:30482 , DOI: 10.20965/jdr.2016.p0732
- Description: Floods occurred in the Ndlambe Local Municipality in South Africa in October 2012. During various stages of the post-disaster recovery, bacterial concentrations were measured in water and soil samples from the flood zone. All drinking water concentrations of E. coli were below 1–3 colony forming units per 100 millilitres (CFUs/100 mL). The flood waters contained between 46500 to more than 100000 CFUs/100 mL of E. coli. {The concentrations of Salmonella spp. in the flood waters varied from 5000 to 250000 CFUs/100 mL. The presumptive Vibrio spp. concentrations in flood waters ranged from 1000 to over 150000 CFUs/100 mL. {The soil concentrations for E. coli ranged from 1 to above 330 colony-forming units per 1 g of soil dry weight (CFUs/g). The soil concentrations of Salmonella spp. varied from below 1 to 22 CFUs/g. The estimated airborne fungal concentrations ranged from 16820 to 28540 colony-forming units per 1 cubic meter. An outbreak of an infectious disease was recorded among the volunteers who assisted with the post-disaster recovery. The likely bacterial causative agents included strains of Aeromonas spp. and Vibrio cholerae. Any human contact with either the contaminated flood waters or of flooded dwellings should only occur, if the individuals in questions are equipped with the full-body personal protective gear. Non-governmental stakeholders performed majority of the post-disaster recovery operations, as the local government could only cover 11% of the required costs. Applying sanitation funds to disaster recovery and increased use of the low-cost flood defence products in high risk areas could provide a solution for the future.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Tandlich, Roman , Ncube, Mbonisi , Khamanga, Sandile M , Zuma, Bongumusa M
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/75917 , vital:30482 , DOI: 10.20965/jdr.2016.p0732
- Description: Floods occurred in the Ndlambe Local Municipality in South Africa in October 2012. During various stages of the post-disaster recovery, bacterial concentrations were measured in water and soil samples from the flood zone. All drinking water concentrations of E. coli were below 1–3 colony forming units per 100 millilitres (CFUs/100 mL). The flood waters contained between 46500 to more than 100000 CFUs/100 mL of E. coli. {The concentrations of Salmonella spp. in the flood waters varied from 5000 to 250000 CFUs/100 mL. The presumptive Vibrio spp. concentrations in flood waters ranged from 1000 to over 150000 CFUs/100 mL. {The soil concentrations for E. coli ranged from 1 to above 330 colony-forming units per 1 g of soil dry weight (CFUs/g). The soil concentrations of Salmonella spp. varied from below 1 to 22 CFUs/g. The estimated airborne fungal concentrations ranged from 16820 to 28540 colony-forming units per 1 cubic meter. An outbreak of an infectious disease was recorded among the volunteers who assisted with the post-disaster recovery. The likely bacterial causative agents included strains of Aeromonas spp. and Vibrio cholerae. Any human contact with either the contaminated flood waters or of flooded dwellings should only occur, if the individuals in questions are equipped with the full-body personal protective gear. Non-governmental stakeholders performed majority of the post-disaster recovery operations, as the local government could only cover 11% of the required costs. Applying sanitation funds to disaster recovery and increased use of the low-cost flood defence products in high risk areas could provide a solution for the future.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2016
Disaster management policy options to address the sanitation challenges in South Africa
- Hoossein, Shafick, Tandlich, Roman, Whittington-Jones, Kevin J, Laubscher, Richard K, Madikizela, Phindile, Zuma, Bongumusa M
- Authors: Hoossein, Shafick , Tandlich, Roman , Whittington-Jones, Kevin J , Laubscher, Richard K , Madikizela, Phindile , Zuma, Bongumusa M
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/75938 , vital:30485 , https://www.neha.org/node/28591
- Description: The current population of South Africa has been migrating into informal urban settlements that lack adequate sanitation service delivery, caused at least in part by the lack of the necessary skills in the local government sector and the lack of buy in from the community into the provided sanitation facilities. The authors report results of policy research into the relevant disaster management options that could be applied to improve the sanitation service delivery in South Africa. The best policy option was identified as the draft Disaster Management Regulations: Disaster Management. Local government can use these tools through the formation of the volunteer units from the nongovernmental organization sector, the business community, and from among the end users of sanitation facilities. Formation of the volunteer unit should follow the principles of cooperative governance and participatory approach to disaster management. Implementation should be facilitated through the adoption of locally specific municipal by laws.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Hoossein, Shafick , Tandlich, Roman , Whittington-Jones, Kevin J , Laubscher, Richard K , Madikizela, Phindile , Zuma, Bongumusa M
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/75938 , vital:30485 , https://www.neha.org/node/28591
- Description: The current population of South Africa has been migrating into informal urban settlements that lack adequate sanitation service delivery, caused at least in part by the lack of the necessary skills in the local government sector and the lack of buy in from the community into the provided sanitation facilities. The authors report results of policy research into the relevant disaster management options that could be applied to improve the sanitation service delivery in South Africa. The best policy option was identified as the draft Disaster Management Regulations: Disaster Management. Local government can use these tools through the formation of the volunteer units from the nongovernmental organization sector, the business community, and from among the end users of sanitation facilities. Formation of the volunteer unit should follow the principles of cooperative governance and participatory approach to disaster management. Implementation should be facilitated through the adoption of locally specific municipal by laws.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2016
Supplementary Material Synthesis and biological evaluation of (E)-cinnamic acid,(E)-2-styrylthiazole and (E)-2-[2-(naphthalen-1-yl) vinyl] thiazole derivatives
- Olawode, Emmanuel O, Tandlich, Roman, Prinsloo, Earl, Isaacs, Michelle, Hoppe, Heinrich C, Seldon, Ronnett, Warner, Digby F, Steenkamp, Vanessa, Kaye, Perry T
- Authors: Olawode, Emmanuel O , Tandlich, Roman , Prinsloo, Earl , Isaacs, Michelle , Hoppe, Heinrich C , Seldon, Ronnett , Warner, Digby F , Steenkamp, Vanessa , Kaye, Perry T
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/431778 , vital:72803 , xlink:href=" https://www.arkat-usa.org/get-file/59868/"
- Description: The screening was conducted using multi-well plates which are suited for HeLa cells in the log phase of growth with final cell density > 10 cells/cm. Each experiment normally includes a blank control, containing medium without the cells.28,45 Non-contaminated HeLa cells (6.57 x 105 cells per well) in media were allowed to grow in the incubator under an atmosphere of 5% CO2 at 37 0C for 24 h. To each well was dispensed 200 µL of HeLa culture, containing 6.57 x 105 cells under LabEAir laminar flow hood (Vivid Air, South Africa); 20 µL of resazurin dye (Sigma TOX-8) and test compound (50 µL) were added, which were then incubated in the presence of 5% CO2 at 37 0C for 24 hours in a shaker, to enhance the distribution of the dye. The absorbance of each well was measured with Bio-tek Power Wave X fluorometer (Beijing, China), and increases in fluorescence was monitored at a wavelength of 590 nm, using an excitation wavelength of 560 nm.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Olawode, Emmanuel O , Tandlich, Roman , Prinsloo, Earl , Isaacs, Michelle , Hoppe, Heinrich C , Seldon, Ronnett , Warner, Digby F , Steenkamp, Vanessa , Kaye, Perry T
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/431778 , vital:72803 , xlink:href=" https://www.arkat-usa.org/get-file/59868/"
- Description: The screening was conducted using multi-well plates which are suited for HeLa cells in the log phase of growth with final cell density > 10 cells/cm. Each experiment normally includes a blank control, containing medium without the cells.28,45 Non-contaminated HeLa cells (6.57 x 105 cells per well) in media were allowed to grow in the incubator under an atmosphere of 5% CO2 at 37 0C for 24 h. To each well was dispensed 200 µL of HeLa culture, containing 6.57 x 105 cells under LabEAir laminar flow hood (Vivid Air, South Africa); 20 µL of resazurin dye (Sigma TOX-8) and test compound (50 µL) were added, which were then incubated in the presence of 5% CO2 at 37 0C for 24 hours in a shaker, to enhance the distribution of the dye. The absorbance of each well was measured with Bio-tek Power Wave X fluorometer (Beijing, China), and increases in fluorescence was monitored at a wavelength of 590 nm, using an excitation wavelength of 560 nm.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- «
- ‹
- 1
- ›
- »