'n Kritiese oorsig en studie van die werkinge van die bemarkingswet van 1937, tot en met die gewysigde en gekonsolideerde wetgewing van wet 59, van 1968 [Deel I]
- Authors: Smith, Evert Frederik
- Date: 1972
- Subjects: Mohair -- Marketing , Mohair industry -- South Africa , South Africa. Mohair Board
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:1113 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1014359
- Description: [From Introduction]. Navorsing oor hierdie proefskrif het meegebring dat die Bemarkingswet (soos gewysig) en die Suid-Afrikaanse Sybokhaarbedryf, intensief behandel en ontleed moes word om gevolgtrekkings te maak. Die navorsing het 'n baie wye veld gedek en aan die einde van elke hoofstuk, wat voltooi is, is die bron van inligting wat nageslaan is, genoem. Aan die einde van hierdie verhandeling en sitasie, sal die geografiese verwysings meer volledig aangetoon word. Daar was so baie bronne van navorsing dat alleenlik die belangrikste volgens my mening genoem en opgesom kon word. Omdat opsommings en gevolgtrekkings gemaak moes word van die bestaande inligting in sy geheel, is daar nie spesifiek kwoteer van waar sekere inligting bekom is nie. Deel I van hierdie proefskrif behandel die Bemarkingswet, sy ontstaan, kritiek en beginsels. Deel II handel oor die Sybokhaarraad, sy ontslaan, soos dit onder die Bemarkingsraad as In Beheerraad ressorteer, hoe hy daarin geslaag het om die Bemarkingswet toe te pas en sekere aanbevelings en opmerkings met betrekking tot die werkinge daarvan.
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A comparative developmental study of the fear of snakes
- Authors: Bartel, P R
- Date: 1972
- Subjects: Snakes , Fear
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3198 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009505 , Snakes , Fear
- Description: This study was conducted to determine the influence of age and culture on the fear of snakes. Five age groups, consisting of 20 White and 20 Xhosa subjects each, were tested. In addition to a behavioural and a GSR measure of fear, questionnaires were applied to determine the extent of the subjects' personal and vicarious aversive experiences of snakes and attitudes towards snakes. The behavioural measure showed a significant decrease in the fear of snakes between the 9 - 11 year and the 14 - 16 year White groups, while, for the Xhosa subjects, the fear of snakes increased significantly between the age groups 14 - 16 years and 18 - 20 years. The GSR measure showed a consistent level in the fear of snakes for White subjects. For the Xhosa subjects the mean GSR score for the 18 - 20 year .group was considerably higher than the means for the other age groups. The intensity of the fear of snakes for White and Xhosa subjects of the same age was remarkably similar. Xhosa subjects had significantly more negative attitudes towards snakes than white subjects. This finding was explained in terms of Whites having had greater opportunities to obtain factual information about snakes. No significant relationships were found between (a) the measures of the extent of the subjects' aversive experiences of snakes; (b) the degree of negative attitudes towards snakes; and the measures of the fear of snakes. On the basis of these measures, the etiology of the fear of snakes cannot be explained in terms of aversive experiences with snakes per se. The striking similarity of responses to a live snake by subjects from two widely different cultures suggests caution in an over-hasty dismissal of the theory of an innate fear of snakes.
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A gas chromatographic study of oils from some Agathosma species (family Rutaceae)
- Authors: Persicaner, Peter Henry Robert
- Date: 1972 , 2013-11-13
- Subjects: Rutaceae , Rutaceae -- Therapeutic use , Gas chromatography
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3837 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007634 , Rutaceae , Rutaceae -- Therapeutic use , Gas chromatography
- Description: From Introduction: Buchu leaf is a very widely used household medicine in South Africa, and is usually administered in the form of a brandy tincture or a vinegar, known as "buchu brandy" and "buchu vinegar" respectively. These preparations have a great reputation in curing diseases of the kidney and urinary tract, and in addition are employed as local applications to bruises, and for the relief of rheumatic pains. We owe its introduction into medicine to the Hottentot, who gave the name "buchu" or "bookoo" to any aromatic herb or shrub which they found suitable for use as a dusting powder.
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A new model of the IO-Controlled Jovian decametric radiation
- Authors: Goertz, Christoph K
- Date: 1972
- Subjects: Jupiter (Planet) Radiation Magnetosphere Ionosphere
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5521 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012043
- Description: Jupiter, the largest planet in the solar system, is not only an emitter of thermal radiation like any other planet. Jupiter also emits relatively high-intensity non-thermal radiation in two bands, the decimetre wavelength range and the decametre wavelength range (5 MHz< f < 40 MHz). The decimetric radiation is believed to be due to synchrotron radiation of electrons trapped in a kind of Jovian "Van Allen belt". This thesis deals almost exclusively with the decametric radiation. Although the decametric radiation has been observed for 15 years since its discovery by Burke and Franklin in 1955, there is no generally accepted theoretical model of its generation to be found in the literature as yet. This is not surprising, as there are many complex and confusing aspects of the radiation. And since our knowledge of the Jovian ionosphere, magnetosphere and magnetic field is very limited indeed, every theoretical model must be based on some more or less well justified assumptions. It is, however, possible to draw some conclusions from the observed properties of the decimetric and decametric radiation. The radiation in both bands is polarized. It has been shown that at least part of the polarization is an intrinsic property of the radiation source at Jupiter, This indicates the existence of a Jovian magnetic field. The magnitude and shape of the magnetic field, however, is open to discussion, although a dipole field does seem to be a good approximation at least for large distances from Jupiter. Intro. p. 1-2.
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A petrological and mineralogical study of peridotite and eclogite xenoliths from certain kimberlite pipes
- Authors: Whitfield, Gavin
- Date: 1972
- Subjects: Petrology Peridotite Mineralogy Kimberlite Igneous rocks -- Inclusions Eclogite
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5044 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007690
- Description: Kimberlite, an ultrabasic diamond-bearing hypabyssal rock-type which has its origin in the Earth's upper mantle, characteristically contains rare, well-rounded xenoliths of peridotite and eclogite. These xenoliths, which undoubtedly originate from some considerable depth below the Earth's surface, possibly represent samples of upper mantle material. They have received much attention from earth scientists and numerous theories as to their origin have been proposed. Forty-two selected peridotite xenoliths from the Bultfontein, Wesselton, Dutoitspan and Roberts Victor kimberlite pipes of the Kimberley area, South Africa, and 24 eclogite xenoliths from the Roberts Victor pipe have been examined in detail using a variety of petrological and mineralogical techniques. The petrologic research comprises conventional petrographic studies, the determination of accurate modal compositions and the presentation of 22 new whole-rock chemical analyses, nine of which are of garnet peridotite, four of spinel peridotite and nine of eclogite, one being a diamondiferous specimen. Detailed mineralogical studies of the constituent minerals of the xenoliths comprises descriptive mineralogy, in most cases an estimation of the compositions of these minerals from the measurement of physical properties, X-ray powder diffraction data and the presentation of 21 new chemical analyses of pure mineral separates. This includes five analyses of clivine, five of orthopyroxene, eight of garnet, one of chrome diopside and two of omphacite. The results of the investigation have shown that the peridotites consist essentially of forsterite and enstatite with minor or trace amounts of one or more of pyrope-rich garnet, chrome diopside, chrome spinel, phlogopite and rarely graphite, and often exhibit features consistent with plastic movement and tectonic deformation. The peridotites are believed to be derived from an ultrabasic upper mantle, which is both chemioally and physically zoned. The eclogite xenoliths, which are composed mainly of pyrope-almandine garnet and omphacitic clinopyroxene and occasionally contain kyanite, corundum and diamond, are not samples of a primary eclogitic upper mantle nor the products of an eclogite fractionation related to kimberlite genesis. Chemically they are not typical of extrusive basalts and probably either represent pockets of partially fractionated basic magma trapped at mantle-level in an eclogite-stable environment or samples of high-grade crustal metamorphic eclogite accidentally incorporated into the Roberts Victor kimberlite.
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A structural investigation of the sulphated polysaccharide of Anathaca dentata (suhr) papenf. and the xylan of Chaetangium erinaceum (turn.) papenf.
- Authors: Russell, Irina
- Date: 1972
- Subjects: Polysaccharides , Marine algae -- Composition
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4494 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013103
- Description: Hot-water extraction of Anatheca dentata, a red seaweed belonging to the family Solieriaceae, yielded a mixture of polysaccharides. Fractionation of this mixture with Cetavlon gave a glucomannan as minor component and a highly sulphated major component, which gave D- and L-galactose, D-xylose and small amounts of 3-0 (underscore)-methylgalactose, pyruvic acid and uronic acid on hydrolysis. All subsequent investigations were carried out on the sulphated major component. The sulphate was not labile to alkali, but was removed with methanolic hydrogen chloride. Periodate oxidation of the polysaccharide before and after desulphation indicated that new a-glycol groups were formed during desulphation. All the xylose units in the polymer were cleaved by periodate and this, together with the fact that the major xylose product from methylation analysis of the desulphated polymer was the 2,3, 4-tri-0 (underscore)-methyl derivative, indicated that the xylose occurs as a non-reducing end-group. Methylation of the desulphated polysaccharide revealed the presence of 1,4- and 1,3- linked D- galactose and 1,4- linked L-galactose units in the polymer. D-Glucuronic acid occurred as non-reducing end-groups. Summary, p. 1.
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A structural investigation of the sulphated polysaccharide pachymenia carnos (J. Ag.) J. Ag.
- Authors: Farrant, Annette J
- Date: 1972
- Subjects: Polysaccharides Red algae -- Composition
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4470 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011785
- Description: The highly sulphated, methylated polysaccharide isolated from Pachymenia Carnosa, a red seaweed, was shown to contain D- galactose, 2-o (underscore) methyl-D- galactose, 6-o (underscore) -methyl- D- galactose and 4-o (underscore)-methylgalactose. The polysaccharide was desulphated with methanolic hydrogen chloride. Methylation of the desulphated polysaccharide revealed that it was composed entirely of (1→73) and (1→4) links in approximately equal amounts. Treatment of the polysaccharide with alkali showed that the majority of the ester sulphate groups were alkali-stable. Partial hydrolysis and acetolysis studies indicated that the polysaccharide was extremely complex, and contained alternate (1→3) and β (1→4) glycosidic linkages. There is evidence for the presence of D-galactose-6-sulphate.
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A survey of South African English verse printed in Cape periodicals and newspapers from 1824-1851
- Authors: Hammond, Carol Anne
- Date: 1972
- Subjects: Mass media and literature -- 19th century , South African poetry (English) -- History and criticism -- 19th century
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2301 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012146 , Mass media and literature -- 19th century , South African poetry (English) -- History and criticism -- 19th century
- Description: An interest in colonial literature is relatively new in the study of English. English-speaking South Africans especially, cut off as they are, a minority group in a new republic, have begun to re-assess their identity through a study of their existing literature. When asked what South African verse there was beside his own, Kipling remarked, "As to South African verse, it's a case of there's Pringle, and there's Pringle, and after that one must hunt the local papers." This thesis is the result of such a hunt - the hunt being limited to the years 1824 to 1851 - and on occasion, the writer has been tempted to conclude rather unfairly, "And there is only Pringle." It cannot be claimed that every poem ever printed during the period under review has been collected and examined, for the reason that many volumes of old newspapers are no longer available. Nevertheless, it has been possible to make a representative selection, which could provide the raw material for several theses to come. A detailed study of critical criteria prevalent at the Cape during this period, or public taste and the influence especially of the lesser British poets are some of the topics which might repay study. Intro., p. 1.
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Diurnal and seasonal variations of the F2 region of the Antarctic ionosphere
- Authors: Williams, Morgan Howard
- Date: 1972
- Subjects: Harmonic analysis , Ionosphere -- Antarctic Ocean
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5548 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013459
- Description: [From Introduction, p. 2] The first chapter of this thesis deals with an analysis of F2 critical frequency data first for SANAE and then for eleven other Antarctic and sub-Antarctic stations covering the period 1957 to 1969. This shows certain aspects of the F2 behaviour. Some of the results of this chapter have been reported in a paper by Gledhill and Williams. The two most important mechanisms thought to be responsible for the Antarctic f₀F2 behaviour are incoming corpuscular radiation and horizontal neutral winds. These two mechanisms together with two others (the temperature theory of Torr and Torr and the semi-annual variation of neutral atmospheric density) are discussed in detail in part 2 (Chapters 2 to 4) with a view to discovering which aspects of the f₀F2 behaviour over Antarctica can be explained by each theory. An attempt is made in Part 3 (Chapters 5 and 6) to explain the observed behaviour by solving the continuity equation of the ionosphere for high-latitude stations. Finally, besides the critical frequency, another parameter of importance in explaining the behaviour in the F2 region is the height at which the F2 maximum occurs. This quantity cannot be read directly from an ionogram and it is not an easy quantity to determine. In fact the way in which it is usually obtained is by "scaling" the ionogram in question and converting the virtual heights obtained into real heights. In Part 4 (Chapter 7 and 8) an outline is given of the two computer programs which were written to perform this conversion.
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Human resources in the Cape midlands
- Authors: Truu, Mihkel Lemmit
- Date: 1972
- Subjects: Human capital -- South Africa Personnel management -- South Africa -- Cape of Good Hope.
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1056 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007288
- Description: From Preface: Although Alfred Marshall's definition of economics has been criticised for its allegedly narrow conception of the subject, it is sometimes overlooked that he considered the study of wealth but one side of the matter. To Marshall, the other and "more important" side of economics was that it also forms "a part of the study of man". The basic thought which underlies the present study is a similar one, namely, that economics is not only concerned with goods and service, but also with men and human action. It is spatially confined to an analysis of the human resources in a region consisting of 21 magisterial districts in the Eastern Cape Province, which cover an area of 72, 462 square kilometres, collectively described here as the Cape Midlands.
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Income distribution and economic growth in South Africa
- Authors: Spandau, Arnt Michael Karl Max
- Date: 1972
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DCom
- Identifier: vital:21131 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/6517
- Description: It is the purpose of this study to examine the interplay of supply and demand factors for the South African economy, and to relate this to the functional, personal, and racial distribution of incomes. On the one hand, it appears that a concentration of incomes in the hands of those who possess both the ability and willingness to save, and to utilize the savings for productive investments, is a crucial determinant for the enhancement of economic growth. On the other hand, an excessive income concentration may severely limit the purchasing power of the major part of the population, thus inhibiting domestic investment. The study is developed, partly in terms of a theory of economic development, and partly in terms of a theory of economic growth. The analysis covers the period from 1918 to the present time. Periods during which the actual economic growth would have been faster had the distribution of incomes favoured work income receivers at the expense of other income receivers, are identified by employing a short-term post-Keynesian model of functional income distribution. Periods during which an acceleration of economic growth would have been achieved had the opposite condition prevailed, are also shown. An analysis is made both of the division by race of aggregate income, and of racial wage differentials in particular economic sectors. A noticeable identity between the economic growth performance and racial wage differentials is evidenced both for the mining and manufacturing sectors. It appears that in the long-term, there is regularity in respect of correlations between measures of the inequality in the size distribution of income on the one hand, and the rates of investment and economic growth on the other. From this observation, it becomes evident that inequality in the distribution of personal income has been a necessary condition for the attainment of economic growth in South Africa. It is obvious that a study of this sort necessitates the use of much statistical data. In order to avoid major disturbances in the flow of the theoretical and analytical arguments through the discussion of the statistical material, the work is submitted in two volumes, viz.,Volume 1 dealing with the Theory and Analysis, and Volume II with the Statistical Foundations.
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Monochord to moog : a study of the development of stringed keyboard instruments with special reference to popularity trends
- Authors: Shuttleworth, Betty
- Date: 1972
- Subjects: Keyboard instruments -- History
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2676 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007441
- Description: The object of the present work has been to trace the evolution of stringed keyboard instruments from the monochord to the present day piano forte. So many inventions have occurred that a chronology of these would be both tedious and of little added value to the existing literature. In the present work the emphasis has been on those innovations which achieved some measure of popularity and can be regarded as essential steps in arriving at the products and methods of modern piano manufacturers. In order to bring this work up to date, visits have been paid to John Broadwood & Sons and the British Piano Museum in London; to the Essex Institute and Pingree House in Salem, Massachusetts; the Smithsonian Institute (Division of Musical Instruments) in Washington; the various Yamaha Factories in Hamamatsu, Japan; and the Piano Manufacturing Company in Wellington, South Africa. Special attention has also been paid to the development and popularity trends of mechanical, pneumatic and electric pianos. In the last Chapter of this study, the information gained is applied to the identification and dating of stringed keyboard instruments found in South Africa or referred to in newspapers or Africana.
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Peer-group leadership in schools
- Authors: Bandey, Michael John
- Date: 1972
- Subjects: Leadership School discipline -- South Africa -- Cape of Good Hope School management and organization -- South Africa -- Cape of Good Hope Personality assessment of youth -- South Africa -- Cape of Good Hope
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1927 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007588
- Description: For a number of years I have wondered why many of the prefects of some of the Grahamstown Schools have not become leaders in the particular sphere into which they chose to go after school. More than one head prefect that I have known has appeared to fade into anonymity after apparently leading his peers at school. I wondered if this was perhaps because at school he was not really a leader but simply an efficient policeman. Conversely, people who were not prefects at school often appeared as leaders in their chosen post-school careers. It seemed as if for some reason the prefect system at the schools concerned did not appreciably aid many pupils to develop their leadership potential or the selection procedures were inefficient. On investigating further I became more and. more interested in this topic until eventually, on discovering that the Rhodes University Education Department had a set of leadership scores, (calculated from a personality test) I undertook this investigation.
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Pottery craft and culture
- Authors: Randell, Gillian
- Date: 1972
- Subjects: Pottery craft
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: vital:2452 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007559
- Description: "The idea and fact of containment have been the primary significance of pottery from the beginning, and pots of all ages and peoples, even when their ostensible function was ceremonial or symbolical, have expressed by their generous swelling volumes, the potential or holding things of vital importance to man food, liquid or the furnishings of the grave." The utilitarian value of a pot is inseparable from its aesthetic quality. "There can be no fullness of complete realization or utility without beauty, refinement and charm, for the simple reason that their absence must in the long run be intolerable to both maker and consumer... The continued production of utilities without delight in making and using is bound to produce only boredom and to end in sterility." Modern pottery, whether industrial or that of the artist potter, has each in its different way tended to separate the aesthetic and the utilitarian. This is one symptom of the cultural decline of our Western tradition since the Eighteenth Century. The making of pots has persisted from earliest times to the present day through our ever changing world. Circumstances have at times obscured the essential truths of this art.
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Prayer in the Old Testament
- Authors: Russell, Douglas Godfrey
- Date: 1972
- Subjects: Bible -- Prayers , Worship in the Bible , Prayer
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Bachelor , BDiv
- Identifier: vital:1271 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013100
- Description: As "Prayer in the Old Testament" is a very wide subject, I have restricted myself to outlines on certain themes. In a sense the whole Bible can be described as "prayer" since it is a dialogue of man with God, and God with man. Obviously the word with which to attempt any definition of prayer is the Hithpa'el verb (?)and its noun (?). It describes speech with God. As the Hebrew poetic device of parallelism offers us synonyms to (?) we examine those words with much the same general definition. There are other words which the Hebrew concordance reveals as being translated as "prayer", or as describing prayer. Most of these words are the ordinary words for speech. The words for prayer, in general, describe speech before God. With this wide definition Chapter Two groups the various kinds of speech before God, and attempts to describe each. Prayer is seen as dialogue, as asking, and as praise and thanksgiving. Prayer, however, does not exist in a vacuum. It cannot be separated from the people who pray and the God who makes prayer possible. Personalities of prayer give prayer meaning, purpose and dynamic. Looking at their prayers in context enables us to grasp a little more fully the role of prayer in life itself. As God provides the framework of prayer we must also look at that framework. He determines what kind of prayers are acceptable. He gives direction and power to the words of prayer. Without God, prayer is either magic or meaningless words. In the final chapter I try to tie up some of the loose ends. Prayer is not just an isolated and individual thing it exists within the cult and the community. Certain disciplines accompany it.
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Predikant and priest : some Calvinist and Catholic role profiles of the religious functionary in South Africa : a comment and review of two empirical studies
- Authors: Higgins, Edward
- Date: 1972
- Subjects: Clergy -- South Africa , Clergy -- Office
- Language: English
- Type: Book , text
- Identifier: vital:551 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020578
- Description: A revised English version of "Les roles religieux dans le contexte multi-racial sud-africain : le profil du ministere dans le calvinisme et le catholicisme"
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Report of research on self-organisation by youth among the Xhosa-speaking peoples of the Ciskei and Transkei: Part one: the Red Xhosa
- Authors: Mayer, Philip
- Date: 1972
- Subjects: Xhosa (African people) -- Social life and customs , Xhosa (African people) -- Youth , Rural youth -- South Africa -- Ciskei , Rural youth -- South Africa -- Transkei , Rural youth -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Youth -- South Africa -- Conduct of life , Ethnology -- South Africa
- Language: English , Xhosa
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:552 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020588
- Description: This report presents the results of intensive fieldwork which I have undertaken in the Ciskei and Transkei since 1961, with the generous support and co-operation of the Human Sciences Research Council (formerly National Council for Social Research), in conjunction with the Institute of Social and Economic Research at Rhodes University. The report has been divided into Part I, on the Red Xhosa, and Part II, on 'non-Red' and non-Xhosa peoples of the same region. The fieldwork was undertaken mainly during my academic vacation I spent many months altogether living in a caravan in the rural locations of Tshabo, Khalana, Shixini and Mabaleni, observing Red Xhosa youth activities at first hand. Later, the fieldwork for Part II was carried on largely by my assistants (who by then were well experienced), under my close supervision.
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Report of research on self-organisation by youth among the Xhosa-speaking peoples of the Ciskei and Transkei: Part two
- Authors: Mayer, Philip , Mayer, Iona
- Date: 1972
- Subjects: Xhosa (African people) -- Social life and customs , Xhosa (African people) -- Youth , Rural youth -- South Africa -- Ciskei , Rural youth -- South Africa -- Transkei , Rural youth -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Youth -- South Africa -- Conduct of life , Ethnology -- South Africa
- Language: English , Xhosa
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:554 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020611
- Description: This report presents the results of intensive fieldwork which I have undertaken in the Ciskei and Transkei since 1961, with the generous support and co-operation of the Human Sciences Research Council (formerly National Council for Social Research), in conjunction with the Institute of Social and Economic Research at Rhodes University. The report has been divided into Part I, on the Red Xhosa, and Part II, on 'non-Red' and non-Xhosa peoples of the same region. The fieldwork was undertaken mainly during my academic vacation I spent many months altogether living in a caravan in the rural locations of Tshabo, Khalana, Shixini and Mabaleni, observing Red Xhosa youth activities at first hand. Later, the fieldwork for Part II was carried on largely by my assistants (who by then were well experienced), under my close supervision.
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Rhodes University Graduation Ceremony 1972
- Authors: Rhodes University
- Date: 1972
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: vital:8106 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004561
- Description: Rhodes University Graduation Ceremonies on Friday 7th April 1972 at 8 p.m. [and] on Saturday 8th April 1972 at 10:30 a.m. in the University Great Hall.
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Some socio-economic aspects of African entrepreneurship : with particular reference to the Transkei and Ciskei
- Authors: Hart, Gillian Patricia
- Date: 1972
- Subjects: Businessmen -- South Africa Business enterprises -- South Africa Entrepreneurship Business enterprises, Black -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:1088 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012164
- Description: This work encompasses an inquiry into the role of the entrepreneur in economic development, and a report of interviews with eighty African businessmen in the Transkei, Ciskei and some urban locations. South Africa provides a particularly interesting field for the study of African enterprise insofar as it is possible to examine the evolution of entrepreneurship in two fundamentally different environments - namely rural reserves and large urban areas. Furthermore, there has been a substantial increase in the number of African entrepreneurs during this century. The study achieves added significance in view of the wide racial income differentials which are an endemic feature of South African socio-economic existence; moreover, there is a great deal of evidence to suggest that, despite the high real growth rates during recent years, the racial income gap is widening. A corollary to this is the worsening of the relative - though not necessarily the absolute - economic position of the Black population. Hence : "the fundamental question for South Africa's economic future revolves around the income relationship between the Whites and the African segment of the non- White group." At present a great deal of pressure is being exerted on White employers to adopt more racially equitable systems of remuneration, and on the Government to relax the industrial colour bar. Although such measures would probably have a positive influence in preventing the gap from widening still further, there is reason to believe that their effectiveness would be limited. The justifications for this assertion are twofold: a) As Allister Sparks has pointed out, "as long as (Blacks) are limited to being hirelings of (Whites), their progress will necessarily remain stunted. Because of race prejudice they will not be promoted as readily as Whites of equal ability. There will not be Black managers and company directors. They will be held down by a vicious circle of disadvantages: prejudice will deprive them of promotion, which will deprive them of experience, which will provide the pretext for not promoting them. b) There is much convincing evidence to show that property ownership rather than wages is the basic factor determining income distribution. Information indicative of the extreme racial inequality of property ownership in South Africa is given by Spandau, who has shown that in 1960 'other income' (i. e. rent, interest and profits) formed 119% of work income of Whites, and only 19% of the work income of Africans. 2 In the absence of cataclysmic social change, the development of African entrepreneurial talent emerges as a possible means of escaping from this apparent impasse. This does not of course imply that even a fairly large increase in the number of African entrepreneurs would automatically result in raising the living standards of a substantial portion of the Black population. Nevertheless, it would represent a positive move towards redressing the inequalities in property ownership and facilitate the acquisition of organizational skills, which in turn implies a better utilization of human resources than exists at present.
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