Wealth or welfare?: a survey of local responses to government's proposed urbanisation policy in the greater Algoa Bay area
- Authors: Taylor, Beverley J
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: South Africa -- Group Areas Act Urbanization -- South Africa Cities and towns -- Africa Freedom of movement Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Joint management centres South Africa -- Politics and government Algoa Bay (South Africa)
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/1784 , vital:20225 , ISBN 0868101761
- Description: This Working Paper sets out to investigate what has generally been taken for granted as part and parcel of the urbanisation and development process in South Africa, and to relate this to current government strategies. There has been no comprehensive policy for coping with urbanisation in South Africa. In particular, the urbanisation of Africans has not been accepted as an inevitable process. Instead, past policies have been guided by apartheid ideology and have tended to address only specific issues relating to urbanisation. Essentially, policies have attempted to control the urbanisation process through various pieces of legislation directed at, for example, housing, population migration, industrial decentralisation etc. Such legislative measures, rather than presenting a coherent urbanisation policy, have provided the main tools for the South African state to control and direct the urbanisation process in the country as a whole. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Authors: Taylor, Beverley J
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: South Africa -- Group Areas Act Urbanization -- South Africa Cities and towns -- Africa Freedom of movement Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Joint management centres South Africa -- Politics and government Algoa Bay (South Africa)
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/1784 , vital:20225 , ISBN 0868101761
- Description: This Working Paper sets out to investigate what has generally been taken for granted as part and parcel of the urbanisation and development process in South Africa, and to relate this to current government strategies. There has been no comprehensive policy for coping with urbanisation in South Africa. In particular, the urbanisation of Africans has not been accepted as an inevitable process. Instead, past policies have been guided by apartheid ideology and have tended to address only specific issues relating to urbanisation. Essentially, policies have attempted to control the urbanisation process through various pieces of legislation directed at, for example, housing, population migration, industrial decentralisation etc. Such legislative measures, rather than presenting a coherent urbanisation policy, have provided the main tools for the South African state to control and direct the urbanisation process in the country as a whole. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
Workers Tax - How to calculate your tax under the new SITE system
- TURP
- Authors: TURP
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: TURP
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/135681 , vital:37288
- Description: Through their organisations, workers have raised ill many problems with the tax system in South Africa. The main issue is that although everyone in South Africa pays tax, the majority of the people cannot choose their government and so they have no say in how their money is spent. Only 14% of South Africans can vote for the government. However, the government decides howto use everyones’ money. Clearly, then, the payment of tax is a political issue. Everyone should have an equal say in how their money is spent. Tax is also an issue that particularly concerns workers. Since the introduction, in 1988, of the Standard Income Tax on Employees (SITE), workers have had their tax assessed by their employers. How this happens and the problems that this can cause, are set out in this booklet. Many workers may have paid too much tax between March and July this year. They should be refunded the money. It is important to check and see if this has happened. The booklet will explain howtodo this and will teach people how to work out how much tax they should be paying. Tax is also being taken up as a womens' issue because married women pay more tax than anyone else.
- Full Text:
- Authors: TURP
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: TURP
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/135681 , vital:37288
- Description: Through their organisations, workers have raised ill many problems with the tax system in South Africa. The main issue is that although everyone in South Africa pays tax, the majority of the people cannot choose their government and so they have no say in how their money is spent. Only 14% of South Africans can vote for the government. However, the government decides howto use everyones’ money. Clearly, then, the payment of tax is a political issue. Everyone should have an equal say in how their money is spent. Tax is also an issue that particularly concerns workers. Since the introduction, in 1988, of the Standard Income Tax on Employees (SITE), workers have had their tax assessed by their employers. How this happens and the problems that this can cause, are set out in this booklet. Many workers may have paid too much tax between March and July this year. They should be refunded the money. It is important to check and see if this has happened. The booklet will explain howtodo this and will teach people how to work out how much tax they should be paying. Tax is also being taken up as a womens' issue because married women pay more tax than anyone else.
- Full Text:
Zinc inhibition of cell division : its relevance to cancer cells and possible mechanism of action
- Authors: Skeef, Noel Samuel
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Cell division , Cancer cells -- Growth -- Regulation , Zinc in the body , Zinc -- Physiological effect , Cancer -- Research
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4144 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016266
- Description: A description of two techniques used extensively in this study namely cell counting with a "cell counting plate" and argentation TLC for the separation of ω -6 -fatty acids is given. Zn supplementation into GM of two malignant (BL-6 and Hep- 350) and a non-malignant (LLC-MK) cell line/s resulted in an increased uptake of Zn by the cells and progressively suppressed proliferation of particularly the malignant cells. Zn chelation by EDTA suppressed in vitro proliferation of all 3 cell line, this effect being more pronounced in the malignant cells. A dietary Zn deficiency resulted in alopecia in mice and both a dietary Zn deficiency and Zn excess reduced growth of BL-6 tumours implanted subcutaneously in mice. Zn supplementation into GM progressively increased the uptake of [1-¹⁴C]-LA by BL-6 and LLC-MK cells but had a very slight though irregular effect on this parameter in the Hep- 350 cells. Zn supplementation also stimulated desaturase activity in the BL-6 cells. These results suggested that there are select cell lines whose Δ⁶-desaturase activity responds positively to Zn supplementation (e.g. the BL-6 cells). Delta-6-desaturase activity was also assayed in microsome preparations from different tissues. No enzyme activity was detected in the microsomes prepared from the BL-6 tumours. There was no significant effect with the addition of Zn or EDTA, on Δ⁶-desaturase activity of the regenerating liver microsomes. In the resting liver microsomes this enzyme activity was reduced only when EDTA and Zn were added together and when EDTA was added to the reaction medium as well as to the microsome preparations 2 hr before the enzyme activity assay was initiated. The results of these experiments suggested that the Δ⁶-desaturase enzyme in the microsome preparations may have had an adequate amount of Zn with further additions having no stimulatory effect on the enzyme. Two independent mechanisms of control of cell proliferation by low and high Zn are suggested to operate.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Skeef, Noel Samuel
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Cell division , Cancer cells -- Growth -- Regulation , Zinc in the body , Zinc -- Physiological effect , Cancer -- Research
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4144 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016266
- Description: A description of two techniques used extensively in this study namely cell counting with a "cell counting plate" and argentation TLC for the separation of ω -6 -fatty acids is given. Zn supplementation into GM of two malignant (BL-6 and Hep- 350) and a non-malignant (LLC-MK) cell line/s resulted in an increased uptake of Zn by the cells and progressively suppressed proliferation of particularly the malignant cells. Zn chelation by EDTA suppressed in vitro proliferation of all 3 cell line, this effect being more pronounced in the malignant cells. A dietary Zn deficiency resulted in alopecia in mice and both a dietary Zn deficiency and Zn excess reduced growth of BL-6 tumours implanted subcutaneously in mice. Zn supplementation into GM progressively increased the uptake of [1-¹⁴C]-LA by BL-6 and LLC-MK cells but had a very slight though irregular effect on this parameter in the Hep- 350 cells. Zn supplementation also stimulated desaturase activity in the BL-6 cells. These results suggested that there are select cell lines whose Δ⁶-desaturase activity responds positively to Zn supplementation (e.g. the BL-6 cells). Delta-6-desaturase activity was also assayed in microsome preparations from different tissues. No enzyme activity was detected in the microsomes prepared from the BL-6 tumours. There was no significant effect with the addition of Zn or EDTA, on Δ⁶-desaturase activity of the regenerating liver microsomes. In the resting liver microsomes this enzyme activity was reduced only when EDTA and Zn were added together and when EDTA was added to the reaction medium as well as to the microsome preparations 2 hr before the enzyme activity assay was initiated. The results of these experiments suggested that the Δ⁶-desaturase enzyme in the microsome preparations may have had an adequate amount of Zn with further additions having no stimulatory effect on the enzyme. Two independent mechanisms of control of cell proliferation by low and high Zn are suggested to operate.
- Full Text: