Assessment of factors influencing the quality of surface and ground water in the Hout Bay river catchment
- Authors: Pearce, Meryl Winsome
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Water -- South Africa -- Hout Bay Hydrology Water -- Pollution -- South Africa -- Hout Bay Water quality -- South Africa -- Hout Bay Aquatic ecology Water quality Hout Bay river (South Africa) Groundwater -- South Africa -- Hout Bay
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4800 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001900
- Description: An investigation into the quality of surface water and ground water was conducted during 1988 in the 38,8 km² Hout Bay River catchment near Cape Town. The main objective of the study was to determine those areas and activities which constitute a pollution source and to ascertain the relative proportion which each contributes to the pollution problem and health risk of the surf zone of the beach at Hout Ba . The objective was achieved by monitoring the chemical and microbiological attributes of the Hout Bay River, its tributaries and stormdrains in wet and dry conditions on a routine basis and during storm events. Hout Bay is a rapidly developing residential area in which sewage disposal occurs by means of septic tank soakaway systems. Ground water quality was monitored to investigate the contribution to contamination by septic tank effluent. Results showed that stormdrain effluent in dry and wet conditions and surface runoff during rainfall were the main vectors of pollution. Although the pollution concentration was high during dry conditions the greatest pollution discharge to the surf zone of Hout Bay occurred during storm events. In view of the proposed residential development it is imperative that pollution control measures be undertaken so as to secure the future recreational and aesthetic value of Hout Bay
- Full Text:
- Authors: Pearce, Meryl Winsome
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Water -- South Africa -- Hout Bay Hydrology Water -- Pollution -- South Africa -- Hout Bay Water quality -- South Africa -- Hout Bay Aquatic ecology Water quality Hout Bay river (South Africa) Groundwater -- South Africa -- Hout Bay
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4800 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001900
- Description: An investigation into the quality of surface water and ground water was conducted during 1988 in the 38,8 km² Hout Bay River catchment near Cape Town. The main objective of the study was to determine those areas and activities which constitute a pollution source and to ascertain the relative proportion which each contributes to the pollution problem and health risk of the surf zone of the beach at Hout Ba . The objective was achieved by monitoring the chemical and microbiological attributes of the Hout Bay River, its tributaries and stormdrains in wet and dry conditions on a routine basis and during storm events. Hout Bay is a rapidly developing residential area in which sewage disposal occurs by means of septic tank soakaway systems. Ground water quality was monitored to investigate the contribution to contamination by septic tank effluent. Results showed that stormdrain effluent in dry and wet conditions and surface runoff during rainfall were the main vectors of pollution. Although the pollution concentration was high during dry conditions the greatest pollution discharge to the surf zone of Hout Bay occurred during storm events. In view of the proposed residential development it is imperative that pollution control measures be undertaken so as to secure the future recreational and aesthetic value of Hout Bay
- Full Text:
Attitudes to family planning in the Taung area of Bophuthatswana: a social work perspective
- Authors: Thekisho, Geraldine Nomonde
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Birth control -- South Africa -- Bophuthatswana , Bophuthatswana (South Africa) -- Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:3277 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004914 , Birth control -- South Africa -- Bophuthatswana , Bophuthatswana (South Africa) -- Social conditions
- Description: Emphasis in the study is on the prevalence of poverty especially in the so called third world developing countries. Poverty as a social problem is caused by a number of factors, viz: Over population, unemployment, illiteracy, etc. In the case of the study the focus is the rapid population growth or "population explosion" as it is commonly known. Family planning is sen as important, but not the only strategy in combatting the interrelated problem of population growth and development. The relevance and importance of social workers, as members of a multidisciplinary team in the delivery of family planning programmes is emphasised. There is evidence in the study to support the observation that Black African people in particular are reluctant to use family planning methods. Based on this evidence, the basic assumption arrived at is that there is a general unfavourable attitude to family planning in the Taung area. The research design used is exploratory-descriptive. Of the 75 areas in the district, 10 areas were included In the investigation. A stratified random sample was used, with a sample size of 200 respondents. The interview schedule was used to collect data. It was structured and consisted primarily of close-ended questions, and was analysed using the Biomedical Data Programme (B.M.D.P.). The problem is formulated from literature concerned with population growth in the Republic of South Africa as well as Bophuthatswana. The following sub-problems were described: illegitimacy; health and economic problems associated with large families; abortion; malnutrition and malnourishment; and the absence of services of the National Family Planning Programme In the Taung area. Compatibility between social work and family planning is a central concern, with community development as a significant method of intervention. The three important concepts in the study were broadly defined, viz: Overpopulation, family planning and attitude. It was established that: -the use of family planning follows rather than precedes the process of modernisation and rising economic standards; -no family planning programme can be practised universally - because of factors such as culture, need and habit. Attitudinal change is considered based on the basic assumption arrived at. Little has been done on the subject of family planning in south Africa. With regard to the role of social work in family planning, there have been impediments along the following lines: lack of firm tradition; emphasis on treatment rather than on preventive work; a view of family planning asa health measure and to be offered solely in the medical and health services. To be active in this field social workers need formal education and training. Taung: - the area of study is predominantly rural with almost all characteristics of rural areas, those of: Irregular transport services to and from remote areas; corrugated roads; primitive sanitary conditions; poor communication system; absence of electricity in villages; illiteracy and unemployment. On the other hand, development is evident especially in the health, education and welfare fields. The central findings in the study are those arising from resistances to family planning usage - politically; culturally; morally and psychologically. The general conclusions are: The high rate of unemployment is present in the sample and there is financial dependence on partners (men); the importance of social workers in family planning is emphasised; there is a desire to have large numbers of children (children feature prominently in the area and are regarded as an asset in various ways); and lastly, improved education does lead to an increase in motivation to adopt family planning practices. Against the highlighted findings, recommendations were made, viz that: Community development be used as a strategy for change; social workers be involved as team members in family planning - in policy formulation and planning of population programmes at various levels, using different methods of intervention; paramedical aides beused - because of inter alia shortage of qualified manpower and lastly formal education and training to be granted to prospective change agents in family planning delivery programmes. , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Authors: Thekisho, Geraldine Nomonde
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Birth control -- South Africa -- Bophuthatswana , Bophuthatswana (South Africa) -- Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:3277 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004914 , Birth control -- South Africa -- Bophuthatswana , Bophuthatswana (South Africa) -- Social conditions
- Description: Emphasis in the study is on the prevalence of poverty especially in the so called third world developing countries. Poverty as a social problem is caused by a number of factors, viz: Over population, unemployment, illiteracy, etc. In the case of the study the focus is the rapid population growth or "population explosion" as it is commonly known. Family planning is sen as important, but not the only strategy in combatting the interrelated problem of population growth and development. The relevance and importance of social workers, as members of a multidisciplinary team in the delivery of family planning programmes is emphasised. There is evidence in the study to support the observation that Black African people in particular are reluctant to use family planning methods. Based on this evidence, the basic assumption arrived at is that there is a general unfavourable attitude to family planning in the Taung area. The research design used is exploratory-descriptive. Of the 75 areas in the district, 10 areas were included In the investigation. A stratified random sample was used, with a sample size of 200 respondents. The interview schedule was used to collect data. It was structured and consisted primarily of close-ended questions, and was analysed using the Biomedical Data Programme (B.M.D.P.). The problem is formulated from literature concerned with population growth in the Republic of South Africa as well as Bophuthatswana. The following sub-problems were described: illegitimacy; health and economic problems associated with large families; abortion; malnutrition and malnourishment; and the absence of services of the National Family Planning Programme In the Taung area. Compatibility between social work and family planning is a central concern, with community development as a significant method of intervention. The three important concepts in the study were broadly defined, viz: Overpopulation, family planning and attitude. It was established that: -the use of family planning follows rather than precedes the process of modernisation and rising economic standards; -no family planning programme can be practised universally - because of factors such as culture, need and habit. Attitudinal change is considered based on the basic assumption arrived at. Little has been done on the subject of family planning in south Africa. With regard to the role of social work in family planning, there have been impediments along the following lines: lack of firm tradition; emphasis on treatment rather than on preventive work; a view of family planning asa health measure and to be offered solely in the medical and health services. To be active in this field social workers need formal education and training. Taung: - the area of study is predominantly rural with almost all characteristics of rural areas, those of: Irregular transport services to and from remote areas; corrugated roads; primitive sanitary conditions; poor communication system; absence of electricity in villages; illiteracy and unemployment. On the other hand, development is evident especially in the health, education and welfare fields. The central findings in the study are those arising from resistances to family planning usage - politically; culturally; morally and psychologically. The general conclusions are: The high rate of unemployment is present in the sample and there is financial dependence on partners (men); the importance of social workers in family planning is emphasised; there is a desire to have large numbers of children (children feature prominently in the area and are regarded as an asset in various ways); and lastly, improved education does lead to an increase in motivation to adopt family planning practices. Against the highlighted findings, recommendations were made, viz that: Community development be used as a strategy for change; social workers be involved as team members in family planning - in policy formulation and planning of population programmes at various levels, using different methods of intervention; paramedical aides beused - because of inter alia shortage of qualified manpower and lastly formal education and training to be granted to prospective change agents in family planning delivery programmes. , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
Biological studies of insect herbivores associated with some species of Solanum L
- Authors: Olckers, Terence
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Solanum -- Control -- South Africa Phytophagous insects -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5593 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002043
- Description: Solanum mauritianum Scop. (bugweed), a serious exotic weed in South Africa, supports a depauperate herbivore fauna relative to indigenous Solanum species. These comprise mainly polyphagous, and some oligophagous, species. The greater diversity of insect herbivores on Solanum hermannii Dun., relative to other indigenous Solanum species in the eastern Cape, suggests that the plant is indigenous and not exotic as has been suggested. Five oligophagous species seasonally caused a high incidence of damage to S.hermannii and other indigenous Solanum species in the eastern Cape, during the study period. Galls of the flowers, stems and leaves of some indigenous Solanum plants are described and biological data on the gall-formers and their natural enemies presented. The tortoise beetle, (Chrysomelidae), defoliates a Conchyloctenia tigrina wide range of indigenous Olivo Solanum species. The exotic S.mauritianum and S.elaeagnifolium Cav. were unfavourable for growth and survival. S.hermannii proved the most favourable of the indigenous hosts tested, for growth and survival, providing further evidence that it is indigenous. Extensive studies on different field populations of the beetle revealed no evidence of host adaptation (host races). All populations tested displayed greater fitness when reared on S.hermannii. South African Solanum faunas are characterized by a scarcity of endophagous and monophagous herbivores, vacant feeding niches and low numbers of species relative to other plant taxa. This may suggest evolutionary immaturity of the insect-plant associations, although comparative studies of solanums from other parts of the world are needed for confirmation. Alternatively, these characteristics may simply be a feature of the genus Solanum in general. The depauperate herbivore fauna of S.mauritianum reflects a lack of local herbivores suitably preadapted to overcome its defences. This appears to be accentuated by absence of any close relatives of bugweed in South Africa. The greater diversity of herbivores in its native South America suggests that biological control may be a potentially useful means of control for bugweed. The potential for biological control is, however, threatened by the susceptability of the cultivated eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) to attack by Solanum-feeding insects. Possible solutions to this problem are discussed
- Full Text:
- Authors: Olckers, Terence
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Solanum -- Control -- South Africa Phytophagous insects -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5593 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002043
- Description: Solanum mauritianum Scop. (bugweed), a serious exotic weed in South Africa, supports a depauperate herbivore fauna relative to indigenous Solanum species. These comprise mainly polyphagous, and some oligophagous, species. The greater diversity of insect herbivores on Solanum hermannii Dun., relative to other indigenous Solanum species in the eastern Cape, suggests that the plant is indigenous and not exotic as has been suggested. Five oligophagous species seasonally caused a high incidence of damage to S.hermannii and other indigenous Solanum species in the eastern Cape, during the study period. Galls of the flowers, stems and leaves of some indigenous Solanum plants are described and biological data on the gall-formers and their natural enemies presented. The tortoise beetle, (Chrysomelidae), defoliates a Conchyloctenia tigrina wide range of indigenous Olivo Solanum species. The exotic S.mauritianum and S.elaeagnifolium Cav. were unfavourable for growth and survival. S.hermannii proved the most favourable of the indigenous hosts tested, for growth and survival, providing further evidence that it is indigenous. Extensive studies on different field populations of the beetle revealed no evidence of host adaptation (host races). All populations tested displayed greater fitness when reared on S.hermannii. South African Solanum faunas are characterized by a scarcity of endophagous and monophagous herbivores, vacant feeding niches and low numbers of species relative to other plant taxa. This may suggest evolutionary immaturity of the insect-plant associations, although comparative studies of solanums from other parts of the world are needed for confirmation. Alternatively, these characteristics may simply be a feature of the genus Solanum in general. The depauperate herbivore fauna of S.mauritianum reflects a lack of local herbivores suitably preadapted to overcome its defences. This appears to be accentuated by absence of any close relatives of bugweed in South Africa. The greater diversity of herbivores in its native South America suggests that biological control may be a potentially useful means of control for bugweed. The potential for biological control is, however, threatened by the susceptability of the cultivated eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) to attack by Solanum-feeding insects. Possible solutions to this problem are discussed
- Full Text:
Black non-urban employment prospects in the Albany and Bathurst districts of the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Davies, William J
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Jojoba products Albany (South Africa) -- Population Bathurst (South Africa) -- Population Albany (South Africa) -- Population Agricultural laborers Africans -- Employment Africans -- South Africa Farms -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2315 , vital:20275 , ISBN 086810180X
- Description: The Development Studies Unit (DSU) seeks to identify and promote strategies and mechanisms for creating jobs in the Eastern Cape. In general, this approach seeks to alleviate the effects of endemic poverty amongst Black communities in the region and to facilitate their economic empowerment. Securing these goals is considered to be vitally important in the development process; which, in turn, consists of finding appropriate ways and means to create opportunities for impoverished communities to take control of their own destinies and to establish themselves as an economic force in the region. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Authors: Davies, William J
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Jojoba products Albany (South Africa) -- Population Bathurst (South Africa) -- Population Albany (South Africa) -- Population Agricultural laborers Africans -- Employment Africans -- South Africa Farms -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2315 , vital:20275 , ISBN 086810180X
- Description: The Development Studies Unit (DSU) seeks to identify and promote strategies and mechanisms for creating jobs in the Eastern Cape. In general, this approach seeks to alleviate the effects of endemic poverty amongst Black communities in the region and to facilitate their economic empowerment. Securing these goals is considered to be vitally important in the development process; which, in turn, consists of finding appropriate ways and means to create opportunities for impoverished communities to take control of their own destinies and to establish themselves as an economic force in the region. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
Breaking Down Isolation and Frustration
- Cape Educational Computer Society (CECS)
- Authors: Cape Educational Computer Society (CECS)
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Cape Educational Computer Society (CECS)
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/250629 , vital:52032
- Description: One of the most significant features of this year has been the employment of the four new people by CECS. Having so many new people in influential positions can be potentially dangerous for an organisation such as CECS which is rim along democratic lines. It thus becomes incumbent on the members of CECS to be vigilant against too much of the responsibility for the running of the organisation resting on the shoulders of the employed staff. Members should actively participate in decision-making so that it is they who determine the course of CECS. Each and every member should view themselves as an indespensible part of CECS, and that they share in the responsibility for the successes and failures of the organisation.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Cape Educational Computer Society (CECS)
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Cape Educational Computer Society (CECS)
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/250629 , vital:52032
- Description: One of the most significant features of this year has been the employment of the four new people by CECS. Having so many new people in influential positions can be potentially dangerous for an organisation such as CECS which is rim along democratic lines. It thus becomes incumbent on the members of CECS to be vigilant against too much of the responsibility for the running of the organisation resting on the shoulders of the employed staff. Members should actively participate in decision-making so that it is they who determine the course of CECS. Each and every member should view themselves as an indespensible part of CECS, and that they share in the responsibility for the successes and failures of the organisation.
- Full Text:
Cognitive restructuring through guided imagery : lessons from Gestalt therapy
- Authors: Edwards, David J A
- Date: 1989
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:6281 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013181
- Description: [Summary] In this chapter, a guided imagery method used in gestalt therapy was described in detail and analyzed into its specific components. The basic principles underlying the imagery work were shown to be analogous to those upon which standard cognitive therapy is founded, and this was illustrated by means of case examples, first from one of Perls' dreamwork seminars and then from the author's case files. It was shown how the method could be used to elicit the idiosyncratic meanings of the client in relation to a specific theme and to identify core dysfunctional assumptions. Illustrations were given of specific techniques that could be employed to challenge and restructure these cognitions. The benefits of the imagery modality are that it provides: (1) access to cognitions underlying emotional responses that may be difficult to identify through questioning, (2) a holistic presentation of networks of beliefs, and (3) a means of keeping the client in contact with avoided painful affect. Once a good conceptualization of the client's problem has been achieved, guided imagery provides a modality within which specific strategies for cognitive restructuring can be facilitated through guided discovery. Therapists who are willing to explore this modality and find an aptitude for it will be gaining access to something that will greatly enrich their potential for helping and can provide exciting avenues for developing their own creativity in the challenging work of enabling clients to identify and free themselves from dysfunctional personal meaning systems.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Edwards, David J A
- Date: 1989
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:6281 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013181
- Description: [Summary] In this chapter, a guided imagery method used in gestalt therapy was described in detail and analyzed into its specific components. The basic principles underlying the imagery work were shown to be analogous to those upon which standard cognitive therapy is founded, and this was illustrated by means of case examples, first from one of Perls' dreamwork seminars and then from the author's case files. It was shown how the method could be used to elicit the idiosyncratic meanings of the client in relation to a specific theme and to identify core dysfunctional assumptions. Illustrations were given of specific techniques that could be employed to challenge and restructure these cognitions. The benefits of the imagery modality are that it provides: (1) access to cognitions underlying emotional responses that may be difficult to identify through questioning, (2) a holistic presentation of networks of beliefs, and (3) a means of keeping the client in contact with avoided painful affect. Once a good conceptualization of the client's problem has been achieved, guided imagery provides a modality within which specific strategies for cognitive restructuring can be facilitated through guided discovery. Therapists who are willing to explore this modality and find an aptitude for it will be gaining access to something that will greatly enrich their potential for helping and can provide exciting avenues for developing their own creativity in the challenging work of enabling clients to identify and free themselves from dysfunctional personal meaning systems.
- Full Text:
Comparison of different notions of compactness in the fuzzy topological space
- Authors: Morapeli, E Z
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Fuzzy mathematics Fuzzy topology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5393 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001982
- Description: Various notions of compactness in a fuzzy topological space have been introduced by different authors. The aim of this thesis is to compare them. We find that in a T₂ space (in the sense that no fuzzy net converges to two fuzzy points with different supports) all these notions are equivalent for the whole space. Furthermore, for N-compactness and f-compactness (being the only notions that are defined for an arbitrary fuzzy subset) we have equivalence under a stronger condition, namely, a T₂ space in the sense that every prime prefilter has an adherence that is non-zero in at most one point
- Full Text:
- Authors: Morapeli, E Z
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Fuzzy mathematics Fuzzy topology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5393 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001982
- Description: Various notions of compactness in a fuzzy topological space have been introduced by different authors. The aim of this thesis is to compare them. We find that in a T₂ space (in the sense that no fuzzy net converges to two fuzzy points with different supports) all these notions are equivalent for the whole space. Furthermore, for N-compactness and f-compactness (being the only notions that are defined for an arbitrary fuzzy subset) we have equivalence under a stronger condition, namely, a T₂ space in the sense that every prime prefilter has an adherence that is non-zero in at most one point
- Full Text:
Cross-cultural communication in a north-eastern Cape farming community:
- Authors: Kaschula, Russell H
- Date: 1989
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/175313 , vital:42564 , https://doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1989.10586786
- Description: Cross-cultural communication is dealt with and more specifically, the communicative competence of 15 white English-speaking farmers when they speak Xhosa to their labourers is assessed. This research was conducted in the Elliot, Ugie, and Maclear areas of the north-eastern Cape. A broad sociolinguistic framework drawing on both ethnographic and ethnomethodological principles was used; complications caused by cross-cultural differences which are reflected in language, and which may lead to possible communication breakdown, were isolated. The actual analysis of speech in terms of ethnomethodological principles, such as turn-taking and the co-operative principle, was undertaken.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Kaschula, Russell H
- Date: 1989
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/175313 , vital:42564 , https://doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1989.10586786
- Description: Cross-cultural communication is dealt with and more specifically, the communicative competence of 15 white English-speaking farmers when they speak Xhosa to their labourers is assessed. This research was conducted in the Elliot, Ugie, and Maclear areas of the north-eastern Cape. A broad sociolinguistic framework drawing on both ethnographic and ethnomethodological principles was used; complications caused by cross-cultural differences which are reflected in language, and which may lead to possible communication breakdown, were isolated. The actual analysis of speech in terms of ethnomethodological principles, such as turn-taking and the co-operative principle, was undertaken.
- Full Text:
Die begrip verganklikheid as komplekse kode in enkele werke van Hennie Aucamp
- Authors: Garbers, Marius Wolhuter
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Aucamp, Hennie -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3567 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002090
- Description: Mortality has always been a popular theme in literature. By means of a semiological and narratological approach, it has been endeavoured in this study to prove that transience comprises a complex code constituted by a whole series of codes. In each of the chosen volumes one specific short story is analysed and all the codes related to transience are defined and described. Then these codes are discussed within the context of the volume as a whole. The following codes have been identified and analysed: death and death related codes, decay, distress, frustration, emptiness, loneliness observe, look and see, reproduction, the code of ageing, youth/ageing, lost love, time. The following texts of Aucamp have been used as the object of study: Die Hartseerwals, Spitsuur and 'n Bruidsbed vir Tant Nonnie. The reason these texts were selected, is twofold: They represent the early works of the author. The continuity is essential for making meaningful deductions. The final conclusions are: Man's bond with an environment which is characterised by continual change, influences his existence and makes his life a tentative experience. Transience involves more than merely ageing, obsolescence and death. Transience is a complex experience, related to the physical and mental in man. Besides ageing, sexuality contributes to man's downfall. Loneliness, isolation and frustration determine his actions and stress his experience of transience. The result is a painful experience of life.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Garbers, Marius Wolhuter
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Aucamp, Hennie -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3567 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002090
- Description: Mortality has always been a popular theme in literature. By means of a semiological and narratological approach, it has been endeavoured in this study to prove that transience comprises a complex code constituted by a whole series of codes. In each of the chosen volumes one specific short story is analysed and all the codes related to transience are defined and described. Then these codes are discussed within the context of the volume as a whole. The following codes have been identified and analysed: death and death related codes, decay, distress, frustration, emptiness, loneliness observe, look and see, reproduction, the code of ageing, youth/ageing, lost love, time. The following texts of Aucamp have been used as the object of study: Die Hartseerwals, Spitsuur and 'n Bruidsbed vir Tant Nonnie. The reason these texts were selected, is twofold: They represent the early works of the author. The continuity is essential for making meaningful deductions. The final conclusions are: Man's bond with an environment which is characterised by continual change, influences his existence and makes his life a tentative experience. Transience involves more than merely ageing, obsolescence and death. Transience is a complex experience, related to the physical and mental in man. Besides ageing, sexuality contributes to man's downfall. Loneliness, isolation and frustration determine his actions and stress his experience of transience. The result is a painful experience of life.
- Full Text:
Douglas Reid Skinner, The Unspoken. Cape Town The Carrefour Press,1988: Book Review
- Authors: Cornwell, Gareth D N
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/460138 , vital:75895 , https://journals.co.za/doi/epdf/10.10520/AJA00284459_216
- Description: New Coin is one of South Africa's most established and influential poetry journals. It publishes poetry, and poetry-related reviews, commentary and interviews. New Coin places a particular emphasis on evolving forms and experimental use of the English language in poetry in the South African context. In this sense it has traced the most exciting trends and currents in contemporary poetry in South Africa for a decade of more. The journal is published twice a year in June and December by the Institute for the Study of English in Africa (ISEA), Rhodes University.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Cornwell, Gareth D N
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/460138 , vital:75895 , https://journals.co.za/doi/epdf/10.10520/AJA00284459_216
- Description: New Coin is one of South Africa's most established and influential poetry journals. It publishes poetry, and poetry-related reviews, commentary and interviews. New Coin places a particular emphasis on evolving forms and experimental use of the English language in poetry in the South African context. In this sense it has traced the most exciting trends and currents in contemporary poetry in South Africa for a decade of more. The journal is published twice a year in June and December by the Institute for the Study of English in Africa (ISEA), Rhodes University.
- Full Text:
Educare work in Ciskei with special reference to the Keiskammahoek district
- Authors: Oosthuysen, Lucia
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Educare , Education, Preschool -- South Africa -- Ciskei , Education, Primary -- South Africa -- Ciskei , Readiness for school -- South Africa -- Ciskei
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1356 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001422
- Description: High drop-out rates in the sub-standards in developing countries prompted the researcher to investigate preschool education in first and third world countries, and attend to the related problem of school readiness. The rapidly expanding Educare preschool project in the rural area ot Keiskammahoek in Ciskei was investigated as an example ot community-based low-cost preschool education. A final sample of 41 children who had attended Educare Centres were matched to a control group on age, sex, primary school (where possible), and breadwinner's occupation. The Abbreviated Aptitude Test for School Beginners (standardised on Xhosa-speaking school beginners) was used to test tor significant differences between the two groups six to seven weeks atter school entry. A t-test was used on raw scores and chi-squared tests on staves. No signiticant difference was found between the means of the experimental and control groups. On a subjective rating scale for general-linguistic development and socio-emotional adjustment, no significant difference between means of the experimental and control groups was found. The experimental group's tailure to perform better than the control group, could be ascribed to various reasons, amongst others, the possible shortcoming that the pairs were not matched on intelligence, severe lack ot equipment in Educare Centres, large numbers of children in the majority of groups, uniform programmes for a wide age range, irregular attendance ot children, the low level of training of supervisors and poor home conditions. Scholastic abilities of school beginners in the Keiskammahoek District, as tested, were poor. Results deviated grossly from standardised norms. The expected percentage for the combined categories Very Weak and Weak is, tor instance, 31%; in this investigation, however, 73% of the testees fell in these two classes. Chronologically older children generally performed better. A highly significant difference existed between testees under six years and those over six years. This investigation indicated the need for better organised preschool education in rural areas in Ciskei. proposals with substantial financial implications are: Better training of para-professional staff by qualified staff. Training of qualified staff to provide expertise in preschool education in Ciskei. Provision of sufficient educational materials by Government subsidies and private sponsors. Institution of bridge classes by the Ciskei Department of Education to promote school readiness. Suggestions without financial implications include: An investigation of regulations regarding entrance age for basic education. Only in exceptional cases should children under six be admitted. Daily programmes in Educare Centres geared towards learning readiness without becoming academic. An age limit of three years for admittance to Educare Centres. Very young children should be catered for separately. Liaison between Sub A teachers and Educare staff. , Adobe Acrobat 9.53 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Authors: Oosthuysen, Lucia
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Educare , Education, Preschool -- South Africa -- Ciskei , Education, Primary -- South Africa -- Ciskei , Readiness for school -- South Africa -- Ciskei
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1356 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001422
- Description: High drop-out rates in the sub-standards in developing countries prompted the researcher to investigate preschool education in first and third world countries, and attend to the related problem of school readiness. The rapidly expanding Educare preschool project in the rural area ot Keiskammahoek in Ciskei was investigated as an example ot community-based low-cost preschool education. A final sample of 41 children who had attended Educare Centres were matched to a control group on age, sex, primary school (where possible), and breadwinner's occupation. The Abbreviated Aptitude Test for School Beginners (standardised on Xhosa-speaking school beginners) was used to test tor significant differences between the two groups six to seven weeks atter school entry. A t-test was used on raw scores and chi-squared tests on staves. No signiticant difference was found between the means of the experimental and control groups. On a subjective rating scale for general-linguistic development and socio-emotional adjustment, no significant difference between means of the experimental and control groups was found. The experimental group's tailure to perform better than the control group, could be ascribed to various reasons, amongst others, the possible shortcoming that the pairs were not matched on intelligence, severe lack ot equipment in Educare Centres, large numbers of children in the majority of groups, uniform programmes for a wide age range, irregular attendance ot children, the low level of training of supervisors and poor home conditions. Scholastic abilities of school beginners in the Keiskammahoek District, as tested, were poor. Results deviated grossly from standardised norms. The expected percentage for the combined categories Very Weak and Weak is, tor instance, 31%; in this investigation, however, 73% of the testees fell in these two classes. Chronologically older children generally performed better. A highly significant difference existed between testees under six years and those over six years. This investigation indicated the need for better organised preschool education in rural areas in Ciskei. proposals with substantial financial implications are: Better training of para-professional staff by qualified staff. Training of qualified staff to provide expertise in preschool education in Ciskei. Provision of sufficient educational materials by Government subsidies and private sponsors. Institution of bridge classes by the Ciskei Department of Education to promote school readiness. Suggestions without financial implications include: An investigation of regulations regarding entrance age for basic education. Only in exceptional cases should children under six be admitted. Daily programmes in Educare Centres geared towards learning readiness without becoming academic. An age limit of three years for admittance to Educare Centres. Very young children should be catered for separately. Liaison between Sub A teachers and Educare staff. , Adobe Acrobat 9.53 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
Effects of incremented loads over preferred values on psychophysical and selected gait kinematic factor
- Authors: Manley, Peter Gwynne
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Psychophysiology , Kinematics , Work -- Physiological aspects , Human engineering
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:5160 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015734
- Description: This study investigated the effects of incremented loads greater than maximal acceptable loads on selected locomotor kinematic and psychophysical variables for four different hand-held load-carriage methods. Ten male and ten female subjects, between the ages of 18 and 30, participated in four experimental sessions. Data collection involved obtaining selected anthropometric, strength, maximal load and preferred load, gait kinematic, and psychophysical values. The anthropometric, strength and load capacity variables enabled absolute and morphology normalised sex-based comparisons to be made. The kinematic and psychophysical parameters were used to quantify any changes from two sets of baseline values,"unloaded" and "maximal acceptable load" values, when loads were increased and carrying methods changed. Statistical analysis revealed that males were taller, heavier and stronger than females (p<0.05). Males chose significantly greater maximal acceptable loads and absolute maximal loads than females when expressed in their absolute or relative terms. Preferred walking speeds were not significantly different for unloaded or loaded conditions, although males walked significantly faster in absolute terms (but not in relative terms) than females. Different load carrying methods and incremented loads brought. about significant changes to several of the kinematic parameters investigated. Finally, ratings of perceived exertion, as well as the number of exertion sites, were seen to increase significantly as load increased. These values were not, however, significantly affected by differences in load carriage method.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Manley, Peter Gwynne
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Psychophysiology , Kinematics , Work -- Physiological aspects , Human engineering
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:5160 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015734
- Description: This study investigated the effects of incremented loads greater than maximal acceptable loads on selected locomotor kinematic and psychophysical variables for four different hand-held load-carriage methods. Ten male and ten female subjects, between the ages of 18 and 30, participated in four experimental sessions. Data collection involved obtaining selected anthropometric, strength, maximal load and preferred load, gait kinematic, and psychophysical values. The anthropometric, strength and load capacity variables enabled absolute and morphology normalised sex-based comparisons to be made. The kinematic and psychophysical parameters were used to quantify any changes from two sets of baseline values,"unloaded" and "maximal acceptable load" values, when loads were increased and carrying methods changed. Statistical analysis revealed that males were taller, heavier and stronger than females (p<0.05). Males chose significantly greater maximal acceptable loads and absolute maximal loads than females when expressed in their absolute or relative terms. Preferred walking speeds were not significantly different for unloaded or loaded conditions, although males walked significantly faster in absolute terms (but not in relative terms) than females. Different load carrying methods and incremented loads brought. about significant changes to several of the kinematic parameters investigated. Finally, ratings of perceived exertion, as well as the number of exertion sites, were seen to increase significantly as load increased. These values were not, however, significantly affected by differences in load carriage method.
- Full Text:
Emergency law: judicial control of executive power under the states of emergency in South Africa
- Authors: Grogan, John
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: War and emergency legislation -- South Africa , Internal security -- South Africa , Civil rights -- South Africa , Executive power -- South Africa , Judicial review of administrative acts -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3674 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003189 , War and emergency legislation -- South Africa , Internal security -- South Africa , Civil rights -- South Africa , Executive power -- South Africa , Judicial review of administrative acts -- South Africa
- Description: This work examines the legal effects of a declaration of a state of emergency under the Public Safety Act 3 of 1953 and the exercise of legislative and administrative powers pursuant thereto. The general basis of judicial control over executive action and the various devices used to limit or oust the court's jurisdiction are set out and explained. Against this background, the courts' performance of their supervisory role under the special circumstances of emergency rule is critically surveyed and assessed. The legal issues raised by the exercise of emergency powers is examined at the various levels of their deployment: first, the declaration of a state of emergency; second, the making of emergency regulations; third, their execution by means of administrative action, including detention, banning, censorship and the use of force. The major cases concerning emergency issues, both reported and unreported, are analysed in their appropriate contexts, and an overview provided of the effects of emergency regulations and orders on such freedoms as South Africans enjoy under the 'ordinary' law. Finally, an attempt is made to assess how these decisions have affected the prospect of judicial review of executive action, both in the emergency context and in the field of administrative law generally. The conclusion is that, however far the Appellate Division may appear to have gone towards eliminating the role of the law in the emergency regime, grounds remain for the courts to exercise a more vigorous supervisory role should they choose to do so in future.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Grogan, John
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: War and emergency legislation -- South Africa , Internal security -- South Africa , Civil rights -- South Africa , Executive power -- South Africa , Judicial review of administrative acts -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3674 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003189 , War and emergency legislation -- South Africa , Internal security -- South Africa , Civil rights -- South Africa , Executive power -- South Africa , Judicial review of administrative acts -- South Africa
- Description: This work examines the legal effects of a declaration of a state of emergency under the Public Safety Act 3 of 1953 and the exercise of legislative and administrative powers pursuant thereto. The general basis of judicial control over executive action and the various devices used to limit or oust the court's jurisdiction are set out and explained. Against this background, the courts' performance of their supervisory role under the special circumstances of emergency rule is critically surveyed and assessed. The legal issues raised by the exercise of emergency powers is examined at the various levels of their deployment: first, the declaration of a state of emergency; second, the making of emergency regulations; third, their execution by means of administrative action, including detention, banning, censorship and the use of force. The major cases concerning emergency issues, both reported and unreported, are analysed in their appropriate contexts, and an overview provided of the effects of emergency regulations and orders on such freedoms as South Africans enjoy under the 'ordinary' law. Finally, an attempt is made to assess how these decisions have affected the prospect of judicial review of executive action, both in the emergency context and in the field of administrative law generally. The conclusion is that, however far the Appellate Division may appear to have gone towards eliminating the role of the law in the emergency regime, grounds remain for the courts to exercise a more vigorous supervisory role should they choose to do so in future.
- Full Text:
Energetic and kinematic responses to morphology-normalised speeds of walking and running
- Authors: Williams, Martin Andrew
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Running -- Physiological aspects , Walking -- Physiological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5166 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016240
- Description: This study investigated the influence of human morphology upon selected physiological, biomechanical and psychological responses to horizontal locomotion. In so doing, it was possible to evaluate the effectiveness with which morphology-normalised speeds of walking and running reduced the between-subject variability that is inherent in human locomotor responses. Twenty caucasian males were divided into two groups on the basis of stature - ten subjects in each of a "short" category (<170cm) and a "tall" category (>185cm). All subjects were habituated to treadmill locomotion prior to exposure to three walking treatments (0.83, 1.39 and 1.94m.s⁻¹) and three running treatments (2.50, 3.06 and 3.61m.s⁻¹). During each of these five-minute locomotor conditions, energetic (V02), kinematic (cadence and stride length) and psychophysical (central and local RPE) data were captured. From these data, lines of best fit were calculated for each subject, allowing for a prediction of the abovementioned locomotor variables from known absolute rates of progression. Using suitable regression equations, subject responses to morphology-normalised speeds of walking and running were effectively extrapolated. When the rate of progression was expressed in absolute terms (m.s⁻¹), significant differences (P <0.05) were found between the stature-related groups with respect to both energetic and kinematic locomotor responses. Such differences were successfully eliminated when use was made of locomotor speeds relativised on the basis of morphology. This study concludes that the use of appropriately prescribed morphology-normalised rates of progression are effective in reducing the variability in locomotor responses between subjects differing significantly in stature.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Williams, Martin Andrew
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Running -- Physiological aspects , Walking -- Physiological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5166 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016240
- Description: This study investigated the influence of human morphology upon selected physiological, biomechanical and psychological responses to horizontal locomotion. In so doing, it was possible to evaluate the effectiveness with which morphology-normalised speeds of walking and running reduced the between-subject variability that is inherent in human locomotor responses. Twenty caucasian males were divided into two groups on the basis of stature - ten subjects in each of a "short" category (<170cm) and a "tall" category (>185cm). All subjects were habituated to treadmill locomotion prior to exposure to three walking treatments (0.83, 1.39 and 1.94m.s⁻¹) and three running treatments (2.50, 3.06 and 3.61m.s⁻¹). During each of these five-minute locomotor conditions, energetic (V02), kinematic (cadence and stride length) and psychophysical (central and local RPE) data were captured. From these data, lines of best fit were calculated for each subject, allowing for a prediction of the abovementioned locomotor variables from known absolute rates of progression. Using suitable regression equations, subject responses to morphology-normalised speeds of walking and running were effectively extrapolated. When the rate of progression was expressed in absolute terms (m.s⁻¹), significant differences (P <0.05) were found between the stature-related groups with respect to both energetic and kinematic locomotor responses. Such differences were successfully eliminated when use was made of locomotor speeds relativised on the basis of morphology. This study concludes that the use of appropriately prescribed morphology-normalised rates of progression are effective in reducing the variability in locomotor responses between subjects differing significantly in stature.
- Full Text:
Eskom 1989 Negotiations report back
- NUM
- Authors: NUM
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: NUM
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/134893 , vital:37215
- Description: Eskom has paid wage increases to salaried staff backdated to 1 April 1989. The NUM has NOT agreed with these increases because they are too low. We are not allowed to go on strike at Eskom - we have to get an arbitrator to decide if the increases must be bigger.
- Full Text:
- Authors: NUM
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: NUM
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/134893 , vital:37215
- Description: Eskom has paid wage increases to salaried staff backdated to 1 April 1989. The NUM has NOT agreed with these increases because they are too low. We are not allowed to go on strike at Eskom - we have to get an arbitrator to decide if the increases must be bigger.
- Full Text:
Eskom wage negotiations for general workers 1989
- NUM
- Authors: NUM
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: NUM
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/134916 , vital:37217
- Description: Eskom started the 1989 wage negotiations with an offer of 7% on average. They said this offer is ail they need to make to keep their relative position in the labour market. we believe that the Eskom offer is contrary to the substance and spirit of Arbitration Award which forced Eskom, in 1988, to grant a 14,8% average increase in place of the 10% average increase Eskom implemented unilaterally m July last year. Dr Dry, the Eskom personnel manager, read out from an NUM pamphlet issued after the arbitrators raised the wages. He read out this one sentence. Today, through unity, the minimum wage rates as Eskom are amongst the highest in the country for workers living in compounds.
- Full Text:
- Authors: NUM
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: NUM
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/134916 , vital:37217
- Description: Eskom started the 1989 wage negotiations with an offer of 7% on average. They said this offer is ail they need to make to keep their relative position in the labour market. we believe that the Eskom offer is contrary to the substance and spirit of Arbitration Award which forced Eskom, in 1988, to grant a 14,8% average increase in place of the 10% average increase Eskom implemented unilaterally m July last year. Dr Dry, the Eskom personnel manager, read out from an NUM pamphlet issued after the arbitrators raised the wages. He read out this one sentence. Today, through unity, the minimum wage rates as Eskom are amongst the highest in the country for workers living in compounds.
- Full Text:
Ethical issues in human movement research
- Authors: Olivier, Stephen Chris
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Human mechanics , Human mechanics -- Research -- Moral and ethical aspects , Research -- Moral and ethical aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5156 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015402
- Description: In acknowledging past abuses of humans in research contexts, and recognising the potential for malpractices in Human Movement Studies (HMS), this study evaluated the extent to which ethical issues are addressed in the discipline. The primary method consisted of the standard techniques of philosophic analysis, with empirical data complementing the conclusions. In general, the study contends that insufficient attention is paid to ethical issues in HMS research. In response to a set of specifically constructed, ethically problematic research proposals, only 1.8% of comments from senior researchers advocated rejection of the proposals on ethical grounds. Also, a journal search indicated that consideration of ethical issues in published research may largely be absent. Questionnaire responses revealed that South African HMS departments may be deficient in terms of accountability towards ethical guidelines. Whilst noting the existence of utilitarian ethics in HMS research, it is advocated that deontologic principles should take precedence. Further, only a sound educative effort will produce improvements. In conclusion, this study advocates a deontology-based approach to research ethics. This is consistent with the contention that the use of humans in research is a privilege, and that the rights of participants ought to outweigh the desire of researchers to conduct research.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Olivier, Stephen Chris
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Human mechanics , Human mechanics -- Research -- Moral and ethical aspects , Research -- Moral and ethical aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5156 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015402
- Description: In acknowledging past abuses of humans in research contexts, and recognising the potential for malpractices in Human Movement Studies (HMS), this study evaluated the extent to which ethical issues are addressed in the discipline. The primary method consisted of the standard techniques of philosophic analysis, with empirical data complementing the conclusions. In general, the study contends that insufficient attention is paid to ethical issues in HMS research. In response to a set of specifically constructed, ethically problematic research proposals, only 1.8% of comments from senior researchers advocated rejection of the proposals on ethical grounds. Also, a journal search indicated that consideration of ethical issues in published research may largely be absent. Questionnaire responses revealed that South African HMS departments may be deficient in terms of accountability towards ethical guidelines. Whilst noting the existence of utilitarian ethics in HMS research, it is advocated that deontologic principles should take precedence. Further, only a sound educative effort will produce improvements. In conclusion, this study advocates a deontology-based approach to research ethics. This is consistent with the contention that the use of humans in research is a privilege, and that the rights of participants ought to outweigh the desire of researchers to conduct research.
- Full Text:
Examining of the novel in the senior secondary phase (English first language higher grade): a study of conflicting aims
- Authors: Macrae, Claire Elisabeth
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Education, Secondary English Secondary -- Study and teaching -- South Africa Education Secondary -- Evaluation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1357 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001423
- Description: This study deals with the problems of external examining, the inflexible demands of which dominate and dictate to literature teaching in South African schools today. The aims of teaching literature are discussed, and it is suggested that the negative attitudes among pupils resulting from the present examining system defeat many of these aims. The opportunities for the enjoyment of literature are minimised by the process of preparation for external examinations. Creative teaching methods are abandoned in favour of coaching for specific types of questions, which are determined and limited by the practical constraints of a mass external examination. In catering to the demands for admininstrative reliability and efficiency, the educational validity and efficiency of the examinations are sacrificed. In Britain the Newbolt and Bullock Reports, among others, have made forceful recommendations for alternative approaches to external examining. Subsequently, much experimentation with internal examining, course-work and open-book examining has followed, aspects of which are discussed in this study. There has been limited experimentation in these areas in South Africa. The TED conducted a successful internal examining experiment in English literature, the results of which are considered in this thesis. The national English Olympiad open-book examination is a further example of the success of an alternative approach. By contrast, a comparison of examination papers set by the JMB and CED over the last ten years, shows clearly that the stated syllabus aims of teaching literature and the aims of examining the subject were wholly incompatible. Recommendations are made for the adoption of alternative examining strategies in order to address the shortcomings identified
- Full Text:
- Authors: Macrae, Claire Elisabeth
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Education, Secondary English Secondary -- Study and teaching -- South Africa Education Secondary -- Evaluation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1357 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001423
- Description: This study deals with the problems of external examining, the inflexible demands of which dominate and dictate to literature teaching in South African schools today. The aims of teaching literature are discussed, and it is suggested that the negative attitudes among pupils resulting from the present examining system defeat many of these aims. The opportunities for the enjoyment of literature are minimised by the process of preparation for external examinations. Creative teaching methods are abandoned in favour of coaching for specific types of questions, which are determined and limited by the practical constraints of a mass external examination. In catering to the demands for admininstrative reliability and efficiency, the educational validity and efficiency of the examinations are sacrificed. In Britain the Newbolt and Bullock Reports, among others, have made forceful recommendations for alternative approaches to external examining. Subsequently, much experimentation with internal examining, course-work and open-book examining has followed, aspects of which are discussed in this study. There has been limited experimentation in these areas in South Africa. The TED conducted a successful internal examining experiment in English literature, the results of which are considered in this thesis. The national English Olympiad open-book examination is a further example of the success of an alternative approach. By contrast, a comparison of examination papers set by the JMB and CED over the last ten years, shows clearly that the stated syllabus aims of teaching literature and the aims of examining the subject were wholly incompatible. Recommendations are made for the adoption of alternative examining strategies in order to address the shortcomings identified
- Full Text:
Family planning : an evaluative study on the attitudes and use of contraceptives by black males in Umtata
- Authors: Madikizela, Nosinodi Alicia
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Birth control -- South Africa -- Transkei , Transkei (South Africa) -- Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:3278 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006454 , Birth control -- South Africa -- Transkei , Transkei (South Africa) -- Social conditions
- Description: The purpose of this study is to identify, observe and record the attitudes and use to of contraceptives by black males in Umtata and to investigate the effect of education, urbanisation and age on fertility control. Data was gathered from a sample of adult males who were past the school going age and were employed or working in Umtata and its surburbs, which are Ngangelizwe, Ikwezi, Southernwood, Northcrest, Norwood, Ncambedlana, Nduli Crescent, Fortgale and Hill Crest. Information was also gathered from Nursing officers in charge of family planning service centres in the areas mentioned above. Findings reveal that, although black urbanised educated males in Umtata seem to have accepted the use of contraceptives by themselves and their sexual partners, their patterns of behaviour in relation to fertility control and the value of children to families remains traditional. This contributes to the relatively high fertility rate in the country. Children are an investment for old age. They are also regarded as a security factor against divorce. It is the duty of legally married couples to raise a family with children who will continue to bear the family name. It appears that men are either suspicious of modern contraception if not totally opposed to it. Many still prefer the use of natural methods of contraception. There is thus need for social workers and health planners to recognise and educate males on the use and benefits of modern contraceptives to limit the number of children borne and control periods when they would like to have children. This study will be of value to social welfare services and to family planning nurses who are in direct contact with clients in hospitals and clinics, in their family planning campaigns, when they motivate couples and individuals on the importance of family planning, and also in mother-and-child health services. Educationists, sociologists, psychologists and persons in other fields of study will also benefit from information attained in this survey.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Madikizela, Nosinodi Alicia
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Birth control -- South Africa -- Transkei , Transkei (South Africa) -- Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:3278 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006454 , Birth control -- South Africa -- Transkei , Transkei (South Africa) -- Social conditions
- Description: The purpose of this study is to identify, observe and record the attitudes and use to of contraceptives by black males in Umtata and to investigate the effect of education, urbanisation and age on fertility control. Data was gathered from a sample of adult males who were past the school going age and were employed or working in Umtata and its surburbs, which are Ngangelizwe, Ikwezi, Southernwood, Northcrest, Norwood, Ncambedlana, Nduli Crescent, Fortgale and Hill Crest. Information was also gathered from Nursing officers in charge of family planning service centres in the areas mentioned above. Findings reveal that, although black urbanised educated males in Umtata seem to have accepted the use of contraceptives by themselves and their sexual partners, their patterns of behaviour in relation to fertility control and the value of children to families remains traditional. This contributes to the relatively high fertility rate in the country. Children are an investment for old age. They are also regarded as a security factor against divorce. It is the duty of legally married couples to raise a family with children who will continue to bear the family name. It appears that men are either suspicious of modern contraception if not totally opposed to it. Many still prefer the use of natural methods of contraception. There is thus need for social workers and health planners to recognise and educate males on the use and benefits of modern contraceptives to limit the number of children borne and control periods when they would like to have children. This study will be of value to social welfare services and to family planning nurses who are in direct contact with clients in hospitals and clinics, in their family planning campaigns, when they motivate couples and individuals on the importance of family planning, and also in mother-and-child health services. Educationists, sociologists, psychologists and persons in other fields of study will also benefit from information attained in this survey.
- Full Text:
Fest-Quest '88: survey of visitors to the 1988 Standard Bank Festival of the Arts
- Authors: Davies, William J
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Standard Bank National Arts Festival
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/1719 , vital:20219 , ISBN 0868101818
- Description: The Standard Bank National Festival of the Arts is held annually in early July in Grahamstown. Apart from its importance as a national cultural event, the Festival is vitally important to the economy of Grahamstown. The annual influx of Festival participants results in expenditure amounting to several million rand, concentrated into a hectic nine-day extravaganza. The Development Studies Unit at Rhodes University and the 1820 Foundation have attempted to monitor the nature and extent of the Festival's impact on Grahamstown since 1987. Information is collected by means of a voluntary questionnaire (the Fest-Quest), and provides a useful resource for the Festival organizers as well as insights into the relative economic importance of the occasion. Fest-Quest '88 is the second such survey undertaken. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Authors: Davies, William J
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Standard Bank National Arts Festival
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/1719 , vital:20219 , ISBN 0868101818
- Description: The Standard Bank National Festival of the Arts is held annually in early July in Grahamstown. Apart from its importance as a national cultural event, the Festival is vitally important to the economy of Grahamstown. The annual influx of Festival participants results in expenditure amounting to several million rand, concentrated into a hectic nine-day extravaganza. The Development Studies Unit at Rhodes University and the 1820 Foundation have attempted to monitor the nature and extent of the Festival's impact on Grahamstown since 1987. Information is collected by means of a voluntary questionnaire (the Fest-Quest), and provides a useful resource for the Festival organizers as well as insights into the relative economic importance of the occasion. Fest-Quest '88 is the second such survey undertaken. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text: