Research report
- NALEDI
- Authors: NALEDI
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: NALEDI
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/151396 , vital:39063
- Description: The intention of this paper is to highlight debates and issues regarding the use of guota systems in strengthening women’s leadership in the labour movement. The paper is aimed at broadening the debate from mere acceptance or rejection of the guota. Debates on the use of guotas tend to be heated and controversial and can lose sight of the central objective, which is the development of strategies for women’s empowerment. A large proportion of trade unions internationally have adopted forms of the quota system as a strong measure to deal with the ongoing under-representation of women in leadership. The quota system has also been introduced effectively in a number of parliaments all over the world, including South Africa. The countries with the highest representation of women in parliament have all had to use quotas to achieve this. The paper draws from a review of some of the international literature, as well as interviews undertaken with trade unionists and parliamentarians (see Appendix A for a list of interviewees). This paper will also highlight some examples where quota systems have been adopted, including three COSATU affiliates, namely CWIU, NEHAWU and SAMWU.
- Full Text:
- Authors: NALEDI
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: NALEDI
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/151396 , vital:39063
- Description: The intention of this paper is to highlight debates and issues regarding the use of guota systems in strengthening women’s leadership in the labour movement. The paper is aimed at broadening the debate from mere acceptance or rejection of the guota. Debates on the use of guotas tend to be heated and controversial and can lose sight of the central objective, which is the development of strategies for women’s empowerment. A large proportion of trade unions internationally have adopted forms of the quota system as a strong measure to deal with the ongoing under-representation of women in leadership. The quota system has also been introduced effectively in a number of parliaments all over the world, including South Africa. The countries with the highest representation of women in parliament have all had to use quotas to achieve this. The paper draws from a review of some of the international literature, as well as interviews undertaken with trade unionists and parliamentarians (see Appendix A for a list of interviewees). This paper will also highlight some examples where quota systems have been adopted, including three COSATU affiliates, namely CWIU, NEHAWU and SAMWU.
- Full Text:
Resisting racism: a teachers' guide to equality in education
- Eyber, Carola, Dyer, Dorothy, Versfeld, Ruth
- Authors: Eyber, Carola , Dyer, Dorothy , Versfeld, Ruth
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Discrimination in education -- South Africa -- Prevention , Educational equalization -- South Africa , Multicultural education -- South Africa , Racism -- South Africa , School integration -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/73690 , vital:30217 , 1874864462
- Description: While South Africa's new democracy has meant that schools are now open to all, there is still racism in our schools. The changes in schools have in some cases exacerbated racial tensions and mistrust. Teachers everywhere are struggling with the changing dynamics of their classrooms and schools. There is much talk about how to work against racism. Various programmes and schools have developed different ways of dealing with it. All have particular ideas about how best to counter it. Resisting Racism aims to discuss and understand the beliefs and assumptions underlying many of these approaches. We look at the theories behind the different practices, present a range of ideas to illustrate them and consider their limits and possibilities. The book is a starting point for teachers and schools to reflect on their practices and help them to work out new strategies in the classroom and school. The approaches described will probably work best if they are used together, specially adapted to the specific context in which they are to be used. In the first part of the book we look at psychological and sociological explanations of why people are racist. Four different ways of looking at the issues are described. Each suggests practical ways of dealing with racism in the classroom and in the school. Chapter Three, on multi-cultural and anti-racist education, covers similar ground but from a slightly different angle, looking at curriculum debates about race, culture and equality. The final section looks at the concerns that many teachers have every day, such as "How can I deal with the language problem?" and "How can I involve parents in these issues?" In discussing these questions we have tried to use current theory to inform the practical ideas suggested. You will discover that this book is not neutral. It does have a point of view. It seeks to explain the limitations of assimilating students into a status quo and asks that schools take a critical look at their policies and practices. There are no easy answers or quick solutions. However thinking about and understanding the issues of racism and the ways in which it may be resisted can only bring us closer to positive change.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Eyber, Carola , Dyer, Dorothy , Versfeld, Ruth
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Discrimination in education -- South Africa -- Prevention , Educational equalization -- South Africa , Multicultural education -- South Africa , Racism -- South Africa , School integration -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/73690 , vital:30217 , 1874864462
- Description: While South Africa's new democracy has meant that schools are now open to all, there is still racism in our schools. The changes in schools have in some cases exacerbated racial tensions and mistrust. Teachers everywhere are struggling with the changing dynamics of their classrooms and schools. There is much talk about how to work against racism. Various programmes and schools have developed different ways of dealing with it. All have particular ideas about how best to counter it. Resisting Racism aims to discuss and understand the beliefs and assumptions underlying many of these approaches. We look at the theories behind the different practices, present a range of ideas to illustrate them and consider their limits and possibilities. The book is a starting point for teachers and schools to reflect on their practices and help them to work out new strategies in the classroom and school. The approaches described will probably work best if they are used together, specially adapted to the specific context in which they are to be used. In the first part of the book we look at psychological and sociological explanations of why people are racist. Four different ways of looking at the issues are described. Each suggests practical ways of dealing with racism in the classroom and in the school. Chapter Three, on multi-cultural and anti-racist education, covers similar ground but from a slightly different angle, looking at curriculum debates about race, culture and equality. The final section looks at the concerns that many teachers have every day, such as "How can I deal with the language problem?" and "How can I involve parents in these issues?" In discussing these questions we have tried to use current theory to inform the practical ideas suggested. You will discover that this book is not neutral. It does have a point of view. It seeks to explain the limitations of assimilating students into a status quo and asks that schools take a critical look at their policies and practices. There are no easy answers or quick solutions. However thinking about and understanding the issues of racism and the ways in which it may be resisted can only bring us closer to positive change.
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Responding to literature: empowering girls to speak with their own voices in a multicultural context
- Authors: Foster, Lesley
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Reader-response criticism--South Africa Multicultural education
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1742 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003626
- Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the space provided by a readerresponse transaction between girls and the text, Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry (Taylor 1977) .. empowered pupils to tell their own stories. It also sought to identify ways in which the problems and possibilities perceived by these pupils might guide curriculum decisions in a transforming education system. In addition to engaging in reader-response activities around the text, drama and videos providing social context were integral to the programme. Related work in the subject areas of history and lifeskills was also undertaken. Data was drawn from pupils' reading journals, responses to specific passages, transcripts of small group discussions, and interviews. The study is ethnographic in nature and all the data qualitative. Theoretical insights were drawn from the felds of cultural studies, postmodern criticism, and postructural modes of cultural and social analysis inasfar as they illuminate and inform the relationship between language, knowledge and power. The research was conducted in an historically white, girls' school which adopted a nonracial admissions policy in January 1991. Despite the fact that existing traditions and values of the the school to a very large extent influence what is taught, the data suggests that pupils were becoming agents in their own learning and were taking up multiple identities both within and without the world of the school.
- Full Text:
Responding to literature: empowering girls to speak with their own voices in a multicultural context
- Authors: Foster, Lesley
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Reader-response criticism--South Africa Multicultural education
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1742 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003626
- Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the space provided by a readerresponse transaction between girls and the text, Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry (Taylor 1977) .. empowered pupils to tell their own stories. It also sought to identify ways in which the problems and possibilities perceived by these pupils might guide curriculum decisions in a transforming education system. In addition to engaging in reader-response activities around the text, drama and videos providing social context were integral to the programme. Related work in the subject areas of history and lifeskills was also undertaken. Data was drawn from pupils' reading journals, responses to specific passages, transcripts of small group discussions, and interviews. The study is ethnographic in nature and all the data qualitative. Theoretical insights were drawn from the felds of cultural studies, postmodern criticism, and postructural modes of cultural and social analysis inasfar as they illuminate and inform the relationship between language, knowledge and power. The research was conducted in an historically white, girls' school which adopted a nonracial admissions policy in January 1991. Despite the fact that existing traditions and values of the the school to a very large extent influence what is taught, the data suggests that pupils were becoming agents in their own learning and were taking up multiple identities both within and without the world of the school.
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Rhodes University Graduation Ceremony 1997
- Authors: Rhodes University
- Date: 1997
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: vital:8131 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006776
- Description: Rhodes University 1997 Graduation Ceremony [at] 1820 Settlers National Monument Friday, 18 April at 10:30 a.m., 08:15 p.m. [and] Saturday, 19 April at 10:30 a.m. , Rhodes University 1997 Graduation Ceremony City Hall, East London Friday, 9 May at 6:00 p.m.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Rhodes University
- Date: 1997
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: vital:8131 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006776
- Description: Rhodes University 1997 Graduation Ceremony [at] 1820 Settlers National Monument Friday, 18 April at 10:30 a.m., 08:15 p.m. [and] Saturday, 19 April at 10:30 a.m. , Rhodes University 1997 Graduation Ceremony City Hall, East London Friday, 9 May at 6:00 p.m.
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SA in the global economy
- TURP
- Authors: TURP
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: TURP
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/160942 , vital:40569
- Description: There are growing ties in the world between countries which coincides with current major social, political and economic restructuring. This is what many refer to as “globalisation”. Globalisation is a process which involves greater influence by global forces on individual countries such as South Africa. It means that global rules are being set which impact on: the policies of our government, the way companies in South Africa make their plans, the way that trade unions, community organisations and development organisations take up issues, and the way individuals make a living in the country. Globalisation has raised new and difficult issues for the labour movement and have thrown up new forms of struggle. Some of these issues have stumped and even demobilised some unionists in South Africa and internationally. Some feel that globalisation cannot be challenged and that there is no alternative. Others feel that we have not become powerless and that there are ways to fight its negative effects. Turp has published a book on these issues entitled, South Africa in the Global Economy: understanding the challenges, working towards alternatives. One of the main purposes of the book is to clarify what the new complex and challenging issues are. By doing this, we hope to clarify what we are up against.
- Full Text:
- Authors: TURP
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: TURP
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/160942 , vital:40569
- Description: There are growing ties in the world between countries which coincides with current major social, political and economic restructuring. This is what many refer to as “globalisation”. Globalisation is a process which involves greater influence by global forces on individual countries such as South Africa. It means that global rules are being set which impact on: the policies of our government, the way companies in South Africa make their plans, the way that trade unions, community organisations and development organisations take up issues, and the way individuals make a living in the country. Globalisation has raised new and difficult issues for the labour movement and have thrown up new forms of struggle. Some of these issues have stumped and even demobilised some unionists in South Africa and internationally. Some feel that globalisation cannot be challenged and that there is no alternative. Others feel that we have not become powerless and that there are ways to fight its negative effects. Turp has published a book on these issues entitled, South Africa in the Global Economy: understanding the challenges, working towards alternatives. One of the main purposes of the book is to clarify what the new complex and challenging issues are. By doing this, we hope to clarify what we are up against.
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Share-net: a case study of environmental education resource material development in a risk society
- Authors: Taylor, Robert James
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Environmental education Environmental education -- South Africa Environmental education -- Activity programs -- South Africa Environmental education -- South Africa -- Information resources
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1765 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003650
- Description: This narrative study reviews the development of Share-Net, an informal resource materials network, located within the developing environmental education activities of the Wildlife and Environment Society of South Africa. Historical shaping factors within the Society are discussed and changing views on conservation, environmental education and research are described. Rather than the research process being a utilitarian and outside endeavour for clarifying and monitoring, the research orientation of this study is one of grounded activity within and integrally part of processes of change. Within a developing story of resource materials and workshops, themes are traced and emergent tensions are critically reviewed. Teacher workshops from 1981 until 1995 are analysed and developing orientations are described. Within this review changes are evident from an orientation of 'us' informing 'them' to joint, collaborative endeavours within the development and use of resource materials. The study reviews and illuminates the Share-Net project around questions of project orientation and management and this is done through the narration of case studies. Principles and patterns emerging within these are examined to guide future resource development projects. Popularist notions of networking and structural functionalist notions of social change are also examined. Grand, modernist strategies designed to cause change in others are questioned and the role of small-scale nodes of resource material activity cooperating within an open network are clarified as useful alternatives. Local resourcing centres such as these have proved useful in supporting teachers in the development, use and adaptation of resource materials. The study also examines income and expenditure of the Share-Net project since 1988 to review economic sustainability. A case is made for sustaining the project conceptually and financially through the sales of products and services rather than through external donor sources. Finally the study raises questions and challenges within the project and proposes guiding frameworks for future review, in action, as the story continues.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Taylor, Robert James
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Environmental education Environmental education -- South Africa Environmental education -- Activity programs -- South Africa Environmental education -- South Africa -- Information resources
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1765 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003650
- Description: This narrative study reviews the development of Share-Net, an informal resource materials network, located within the developing environmental education activities of the Wildlife and Environment Society of South Africa. Historical shaping factors within the Society are discussed and changing views on conservation, environmental education and research are described. Rather than the research process being a utilitarian and outside endeavour for clarifying and monitoring, the research orientation of this study is one of grounded activity within and integrally part of processes of change. Within a developing story of resource materials and workshops, themes are traced and emergent tensions are critically reviewed. Teacher workshops from 1981 until 1995 are analysed and developing orientations are described. Within this review changes are evident from an orientation of 'us' informing 'them' to joint, collaborative endeavours within the development and use of resource materials. The study reviews and illuminates the Share-Net project around questions of project orientation and management and this is done through the narration of case studies. Principles and patterns emerging within these are examined to guide future resource development projects. Popularist notions of networking and structural functionalist notions of social change are also examined. Grand, modernist strategies designed to cause change in others are questioned and the role of small-scale nodes of resource material activity cooperating within an open network are clarified as useful alternatives. Local resourcing centres such as these have proved useful in supporting teachers in the development, use and adaptation of resource materials. The study also examines income and expenditure of the Share-Net project since 1988 to review economic sustainability. A case is made for sustaining the project conceptually and financially through the sales of products and services rather than through external donor sources. Finally the study raises questions and challenges within the project and proposes guiding frameworks for future review, in action, as the story continues.
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Solid state thermal decomposition of amide complexes of nickel(II) chloride
- Nelwamondo, Aubrey Ndifelani
- Authors: Nelwamondo, Aubrey Ndifelani
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Decomposition (Chemistry) Materials -- Thermal properties Amides
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4345 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005008
- Description: The thermal decompositions of a series of amide complexes of nickel(II) chloride have been studied. Thermochemical, kinetic, structure and solid-state stability correlations have been investigated. Complexes containing homologous amide ligands (L) of the form NiLCℓ₂, Ni₃L₂Cℓ₆, Ni₃LCℓ₆, NiL₂Cℓ₂(2H₂0) and ML₂Cℓ₂ (where M = Ni(II), Co(II) or Cu(II)) have been prepared. Chemical analysis, spectral and thermogravimetric measurements were used to characterize the complexes and their decomposition stoichiometries. Three sets of reactions were identified as yielding stable products in a single step: (i) NiLCℓ₂ (s) → NiCℓ₂ (s) + L (g) (ii) Ni₃LCℓ₆ (s) → 3NiCℓ₂ (s) + 2L (g) (iii) Ni₃LCℓ₆ (s) → 3NiCℓ₂ (s) + L (g) Characterization of the processes in the ML₂Cℓ₂ and NiL₂Cℓ₂(2H₂0) complexes was not straightforward. Reaction enthalpies (ΔH) were determined using DSC. The orders of the reaction onset temperatures (Tc), peak temperatures (Tmax) and ΔHL values for the NiCℓ₂ system were: N-methylacetamide < acetamide < N-methylformamide, suggesting the importance of steric hindrance of the methyl-substituent groups in the amide skeleton. In the Ni₃LCℓ₆, NiL₂Cℓ₂(2H₂0) and ML₂Cℓ₂ systems no simple orders could be deduced. The Te and Tmax sequences obtained from analogous metal(II) chloride complexes indicated that the copper(II) complexes were the least stable. The kinetics of the loss of L from NiLCℓ₂ complexes were investigated using isothermal TG, non-isothermal TG and DSC measurements. The contracting geometry models described the course of the decompositions in the most satisfactory manner. Apparent activation energies ( Ea) were estimated from Arrhenius plots of rate coefficients from: (i) an approximate zero-order relationship, (ii) the contracting-area (R2) and contracting-volume (R3) equations, (iii) a new empirical (B2) expression, (iv) the half-life ( 1/t₀.₅) and (v) the characteristic feature of the rate-time curve ( 1/tmax/2 ). The non-dependence of Ea on the rate equation used supports the reliability of the kinetic parameters. Non-isothermal experiments were analyzed by the Coats-Redfern, the modified BorchardtDaniels and the Kissinger methods. Arrhenius parameters were in keeping with results from the isothermal kinetic measurements. The values of Ea obtained for the NiLCℓ₂ system increased with an increase in basicity of the amide ligands. No straightforward correlation was found between Ea and Te, Tmax, ΔHL or spectral properties.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Nelwamondo, Aubrey Ndifelani
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Decomposition (Chemistry) Materials -- Thermal properties Amides
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4345 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005008
- Description: The thermal decompositions of a series of amide complexes of nickel(II) chloride have been studied. Thermochemical, kinetic, structure and solid-state stability correlations have been investigated. Complexes containing homologous amide ligands (L) of the form NiLCℓ₂, Ni₃L₂Cℓ₆, Ni₃LCℓ₆, NiL₂Cℓ₂(2H₂0) and ML₂Cℓ₂ (where M = Ni(II), Co(II) or Cu(II)) have been prepared. Chemical analysis, spectral and thermogravimetric measurements were used to characterize the complexes and their decomposition stoichiometries. Three sets of reactions were identified as yielding stable products in a single step: (i) NiLCℓ₂ (s) → NiCℓ₂ (s) + L (g) (ii) Ni₃LCℓ₆ (s) → 3NiCℓ₂ (s) + 2L (g) (iii) Ni₃LCℓ₆ (s) → 3NiCℓ₂ (s) + L (g) Characterization of the processes in the ML₂Cℓ₂ and NiL₂Cℓ₂(2H₂0) complexes was not straightforward. Reaction enthalpies (ΔH) were determined using DSC. The orders of the reaction onset temperatures (Tc), peak temperatures (Tmax) and ΔHL values for the NiCℓ₂ system were: N-methylacetamide < acetamide < N-methylformamide, suggesting the importance of steric hindrance of the methyl-substituent groups in the amide skeleton. In the Ni₃LCℓ₆, NiL₂Cℓ₂(2H₂0) and ML₂Cℓ₂ systems no simple orders could be deduced. The Te and Tmax sequences obtained from analogous metal(II) chloride complexes indicated that the copper(II) complexes were the least stable. The kinetics of the loss of L from NiLCℓ₂ complexes were investigated using isothermal TG, non-isothermal TG and DSC measurements. The contracting geometry models described the course of the decompositions in the most satisfactory manner. Apparent activation energies ( Ea) were estimated from Arrhenius plots of rate coefficients from: (i) an approximate zero-order relationship, (ii) the contracting-area (R2) and contracting-volume (R3) equations, (iii) a new empirical (B2) expression, (iv) the half-life ( 1/t₀.₅) and (v) the characteristic feature of the rate-time curve ( 1/tmax/2 ). The non-dependence of Ea on the rate equation used supports the reliability of the kinetic parameters. Non-isothermal experiments were analyzed by the Coats-Redfern, the modified BorchardtDaniels and the Kissinger methods. Arrhenius parameters were in keeping with results from the isothermal kinetic measurements. The values of Ea obtained for the NiLCℓ₂ system increased with an increase in basicity of the amide ligands. No straightforward correlation was found between Ea and Te, Tmax, ΔHL or spectral properties.
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South African English: oppressor or liberator?
- Authors: Silva, Penny
- Date: 1997
- Language: English
- Type: text , conference publication
- Identifier: vital:7013 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013236 , https://www.ru.ac.za/media/rhodesuniversity/content/dsae/documents/articles/Silva_article.pdf
- Description: preprint , [From Conclusion] The advent of Nelson Mandela’s government in 1994 brought about rapid changes in the balance between English and Afrikaans in government and the media, and also increased the use of African languages on television. English remains the politically ‘neutral’ language for public use: President Mandela’s speeches are almost invariably in English; national conferences are held largely in English; in Parliament, although all official languages may be used, English is predominant; tertiary education is in English, with the exception of some of the Afrikaans-language campuses. Multilingualism is entrenched in the constitution, and supported as an ideal, but with its massive translating, interpreting, and printing implications, it is beyond the reach of the South African economy while there are urgent needs in health, housing, and education. The status of English as an international language, and as one which is politically more neutral than any other South African language, and its choice by the ANC, seems to ensure its ever-increasing dominance at a national level. At this level English is a national asset and ‘liberator’, in that it offers international access and a tool for communication between language groups. However, this dominance is likely to result in a growing resentment of English, particularly among those who have an ‘old’ political agenda, or who do not have access to becoming proficient in the language. To these South Africans, English will certainly be seen as ‘oppressor’. English in South Africa has long since passed out of the hands of mother-tongue speakers. With its increased public use by the new black elite, and in the electronic media, it seems likely that standard SAE is entering a period of accelerated change. This has already led to an intolerant reaction from some conservative English-speakers, and ‘standard’ is likely to become an increasingly difficult issue. If English is to be seen as ‘liberator’ by the average second-language speaker, the attitudes of mother-tongue speakers are significant. Triumphalism, arrogance, and irritation towards second-language speakers result in resentment. If it is to be ‘liberator’, English should be a resource to be appropriated and owned by all South Africans, not just the elite, to be used as a gateway to the wider world. For this to happen, creative solutions (and massive expenditure) would have to be applied to the teaching of English, particularly in black rural schools. Simultaneously, SAE will hopefully be claimed as the colourful and particularly local creation of an increasingly multi-ethnic company of first-, second-, and third-language speakers, and be used even more extensively than at present as the national language of communication. If it offers itself (and is perceived) as servant and liberator rather than oppressor, English will provide the linguistic ‘glue’ to bond a diverse and complex society.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Silva, Penny
- Date: 1997
- Language: English
- Type: text , conference publication
- Identifier: vital:7013 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013236 , https://www.ru.ac.za/media/rhodesuniversity/content/dsae/documents/articles/Silva_article.pdf
- Description: preprint , [From Conclusion] The advent of Nelson Mandela’s government in 1994 brought about rapid changes in the balance between English and Afrikaans in government and the media, and also increased the use of African languages on television. English remains the politically ‘neutral’ language for public use: President Mandela’s speeches are almost invariably in English; national conferences are held largely in English; in Parliament, although all official languages may be used, English is predominant; tertiary education is in English, with the exception of some of the Afrikaans-language campuses. Multilingualism is entrenched in the constitution, and supported as an ideal, but with its massive translating, interpreting, and printing implications, it is beyond the reach of the South African economy while there are urgent needs in health, housing, and education. The status of English as an international language, and as one which is politically more neutral than any other South African language, and its choice by the ANC, seems to ensure its ever-increasing dominance at a national level. At this level English is a national asset and ‘liberator’, in that it offers international access and a tool for communication between language groups. However, this dominance is likely to result in a growing resentment of English, particularly among those who have an ‘old’ political agenda, or who do not have access to becoming proficient in the language. To these South Africans, English will certainly be seen as ‘oppressor’. English in South Africa has long since passed out of the hands of mother-tongue speakers. With its increased public use by the new black elite, and in the electronic media, it seems likely that standard SAE is entering a period of accelerated change. This has already led to an intolerant reaction from some conservative English-speakers, and ‘standard’ is likely to become an increasingly difficult issue. If English is to be seen as ‘liberator’ by the average second-language speaker, the attitudes of mother-tongue speakers are significant. Triumphalism, arrogance, and irritation towards second-language speakers result in resentment. If it is to be ‘liberator’, English should be a resource to be appropriated and owned by all South Africans, not just the elite, to be used as a gateway to the wider world. For this to happen, creative solutions (and massive expenditure) would have to be applied to the teaching of English, particularly in black rural schools. Simultaneously, SAE will hopefully be claimed as the colourful and particularly local creation of an increasingly multi-ethnic company of first-, second-, and third-language speakers, and be used even more extensively than at present as the national language of communication. If it offers itself (and is perceived) as servant and liberator rather than oppressor, English will provide the linguistic ‘glue’ to bond a diverse and complex society.
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Southern African Journal of Gerontology, volume 6, number 1, April 1997
- Ferreira, Monica (editor), Moller, Valerie, HSRC/UCT Centre for Gerontology
- Authors: Ferreira, Monica (editor) , Moller, Valerie , HSRC/UCT Centre for Gerontology
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Gerontology -- South Africa , Older people -- Care -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:8074 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012868
- Description: [From Editorial] A variety of papers covering interesting and relevant topics and emanating from several countries are included in this number. Togonu-Bickersteth examines levels of satisfaction with care received from sons and daughters of older Yoruba in rural Nigeria. She finds that contrary to expectations, older women are more satisfied than older men with the assistance received from children. Makoni examines the effects of Alzheimer's disease as the disease progresses on the conversational ability of an older second-language speaker. Cattell reports on exploratory research among Zulu grandmothers and granddaughters in KwaZulu-Natal and finds that older women continue to have important roles in the socialization of granddaughters, especially regarding sexual behaviour. Van Dokkum makes out a case for a durable power of attorney, not yet provided for in South African legislation, which can help to protect older citizens against malpractices or exploitation when, because of impaired mental functioning, they are no longer able to look after their affairs. Lefroy gives an update on the Special Dementia Unit as an alternative residential care facility for afflicted older Australians and examines the advantages of this type of accommodation for individuals. their families and society. Finally, Moller reviews a book written by Nana Araba Apt of Ghana. entitled Coping with old age in a changing Africa. She concludes that readers will learn much from Apt's ideas on building on indigenous institutions to meet the challenges of ageing in Africa.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Ferreira, Monica (editor) , Moller, Valerie , HSRC/UCT Centre for Gerontology
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Gerontology -- South Africa , Older people -- Care -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:8074 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012868
- Description: [From Editorial] A variety of papers covering interesting and relevant topics and emanating from several countries are included in this number. Togonu-Bickersteth examines levels of satisfaction with care received from sons and daughters of older Yoruba in rural Nigeria. She finds that contrary to expectations, older women are more satisfied than older men with the assistance received from children. Makoni examines the effects of Alzheimer's disease as the disease progresses on the conversational ability of an older second-language speaker. Cattell reports on exploratory research among Zulu grandmothers and granddaughters in KwaZulu-Natal and finds that older women continue to have important roles in the socialization of granddaughters, especially regarding sexual behaviour. Van Dokkum makes out a case for a durable power of attorney, not yet provided for in South African legislation, which can help to protect older citizens against malpractices or exploitation when, because of impaired mental functioning, they are no longer able to look after their affairs. Lefroy gives an update on the Special Dementia Unit as an alternative residential care facility for afflicted older Australians and examines the advantages of this type of accommodation for individuals. their families and society. Finally, Moller reviews a book written by Nana Araba Apt of Ghana. entitled Coping with old age in a changing Africa. She concludes that readers will learn much from Apt's ideas on building on indigenous institutions to meet the challenges of ageing in Africa.
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Southern African Journal of Gerontology, volume 6, number 2, October 1997
- Ferreira, Monica (editor), Moller, Valerie, HSRC/UCT Centre for Gerontology
- Authors: Ferreira, Monica (editor) , Moller, Valerie , HSRC/UCT Centre for Gerontology
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Gerontology -- South Africa , Older people -- Care -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:8075 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012870
- Description: [From Editorial] This Special Issue of the Journal comprises a selection of papers based on research on ageing in African countries, which were read at the Third Global Conference. The papers were revised and peer reviewed prior to acceptance by the Journal. The theme of the Special Issue is "Ageing in urban and rural Africa." Each of the papers included in the issue deals with a situation of ageing-in-place, a late-life migratory pattern, or the impact, or implications of social forces and social change on older Africans, in either an urban and/or a rural setting, or in both types of settings in Africa. The papers also draw together the main sub-themes and strands of the conference, particularly those relating to the family, ubuntu, urbanization, AIDS, and income security and poverty.
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- Authors: Ferreira, Monica (editor) , Moller, Valerie , HSRC/UCT Centre for Gerontology
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Gerontology -- South Africa , Older people -- Care -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:8075 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012870
- Description: [From Editorial] This Special Issue of the Journal comprises a selection of papers based on research on ageing in African countries, which were read at the Third Global Conference. The papers were revised and peer reviewed prior to acceptance by the Journal. The theme of the Special Issue is "Ageing in urban and rural Africa." Each of the papers included in the issue deals with a situation of ageing-in-place, a late-life migratory pattern, or the impact, or implications of social forces and social change on older Africans, in either an urban and/or a rural setting, or in both types of settings in Africa. The papers also draw together the main sub-themes and strands of the conference, particularly those relating to the family, ubuntu, urbanization, AIDS, and income security and poverty.
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Structural and stereochemical investigations of terrestrial and marine pyrone metabolites
- Authors: Collett, Lynne Alison
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Metabolites , Stereochemistry , Siphonaria
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4348 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005013 , Metabolites , Stereochemistry , Siphonaria
- Description: This thesis presents an investigation into the chemistry of 6 substituted 5, 6-dihydro-a-pyrone compounds. A comprehensive review of these compounds was published in 1989 and the subsequent literature is covered in an updated review presented below. Eight 6-substituted 5,6-dihydro-a-pyrone metabolites from three different South African plant species Cryptocarya latijolia, Syncolostemon densiflorus, and Syncolostemon argenteus have been the subject of structural and stereochemical investigations. The absolute stereochemistry of the known compound "triacetate" from C. latijolia has been established as 6R-[2R,4S,6S-(triacetyloxy)heptylJ-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one (74) using CD and acetonide formation with subsequent application of the modified Moshers method. The absolute stereochemistry of the related metabolite "diacetate", also from C. latijolia, has been assigned as 6R-[2S,4S-diacetyloxypentylJ-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one (76). In addition, the outstanding stereochemistry at C-5' in syndenolide, from S. densiflorus, followed from conversion to its diacetonide and subsequent NMR analysis. Syndenolide is therefore 6R-[5S-(acetoxy)-IR,2R,3S-(trihydroxy)-heptylJ-5,6- dihydro-2H -pyran-2-one. The genus Syncolostemon has proved to be a rich source of a-pyrone compounds and the chemistry of S. argenteus, not investigated previously, was examined as part of an ongoing search for new 5,6-dihydro-a-pyrones. The study yielded five new a-pyrone natural products, synargentolide A-E. The structure of synargentolide A (82) has been assigned as 6R[4R,5R,6S-triacetyloxy-lE-heptenylJ-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one using CD and NMR techniques. The structures of synargentolide B (87), C (92) and E (94) also followed from a detailed NMR analysis and the stereochemistry tentatively assigned based on CD and NMR data. Synargentolide D (93) was thermally unstable, and a paucity of material prevented stereochemical investigations, however the structure was determined from initial NMR analysis. The marine molluscs of the genus Siphonaria have only become the subject of chemical studies in the last fifteen years. These molluscs characteristically produce polypropionate type natural products. A review of Siphonarian polypropionate metabolites containing a pyrone functionality is presented. Examination of an endemic South African species Siphonaria serrata yielded one novel polypropionate metabolite containing a ),-pyrone functionality, siserrone A (131). The structure of this compound was unambiguously established using standard NMR experiments. The relative stereochemisty of the hemi-ketal moiety was assigned from a careful analysis of the ROESY NMR spectrum and the stereochemisty of the acyclic portion determined from a comparison of the 13C and 'H NMR data of a degradation product with the corresponding data of a synthetic compound. It was also established that the modified Moshers method could not be used to determine the absolute stereochemistry of the secondary hydroxy I substituent at C-11. The absolute stereochemistry of 131 was thus assigned in accordance with the proven stereochemistry of Siphonarian metabolites.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Collett, Lynne Alison
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Metabolites , Stereochemistry , Siphonaria
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4348 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005013 , Metabolites , Stereochemistry , Siphonaria
- Description: This thesis presents an investigation into the chemistry of 6 substituted 5, 6-dihydro-a-pyrone compounds. A comprehensive review of these compounds was published in 1989 and the subsequent literature is covered in an updated review presented below. Eight 6-substituted 5,6-dihydro-a-pyrone metabolites from three different South African plant species Cryptocarya latijolia, Syncolostemon densiflorus, and Syncolostemon argenteus have been the subject of structural and stereochemical investigations. The absolute stereochemistry of the known compound "triacetate" from C. latijolia has been established as 6R-[2R,4S,6S-(triacetyloxy)heptylJ-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one (74) using CD and acetonide formation with subsequent application of the modified Moshers method. The absolute stereochemistry of the related metabolite "diacetate", also from C. latijolia, has been assigned as 6R-[2S,4S-diacetyloxypentylJ-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one (76). In addition, the outstanding stereochemistry at C-5' in syndenolide, from S. densiflorus, followed from conversion to its diacetonide and subsequent NMR analysis. Syndenolide is therefore 6R-[5S-(acetoxy)-IR,2R,3S-(trihydroxy)-heptylJ-5,6- dihydro-2H -pyran-2-one. The genus Syncolostemon has proved to be a rich source of a-pyrone compounds and the chemistry of S. argenteus, not investigated previously, was examined as part of an ongoing search for new 5,6-dihydro-a-pyrones. The study yielded five new a-pyrone natural products, synargentolide A-E. The structure of synargentolide A (82) has been assigned as 6R[4R,5R,6S-triacetyloxy-lE-heptenylJ-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one using CD and NMR techniques. The structures of synargentolide B (87), C (92) and E (94) also followed from a detailed NMR analysis and the stereochemistry tentatively assigned based on CD and NMR data. Synargentolide D (93) was thermally unstable, and a paucity of material prevented stereochemical investigations, however the structure was determined from initial NMR analysis. The marine molluscs of the genus Siphonaria have only become the subject of chemical studies in the last fifteen years. These molluscs characteristically produce polypropionate type natural products. A review of Siphonarian polypropionate metabolites containing a pyrone functionality is presented. Examination of an endemic South African species Siphonaria serrata yielded one novel polypropionate metabolite containing a ),-pyrone functionality, siserrone A (131). The structure of this compound was unambiguously established using standard NMR experiments. The relative stereochemisty of the hemi-ketal moiety was assigned from a careful analysis of the ROESY NMR spectrum and the stereochemisty of the acyclic portion determined from a comparison of the 13C and 'H NMR data of a degradation product with the corresponding data of a synthetic compound. It was also established that the modified Moshers method could not be used to determine the absolute stereochemistry of the secondary hydroxy I substituent at C-11. The absolute stereochemistry of 131 was thus assigned in accordance with the proven stereochemistry of Siphonarian metabolites.
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Struggle in discourse the International's discourse against racism in the labour-movement in South Africa (1915-1919)
- Authors: Caldwell, Marc Anthony
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: International (Johannesburg, South Africa) -- History , International Socialist League (S.A.) -- History , South African newspapers -- Language , Mass media and race relations -- South Africa , Mass media and language -- South Africa , Labor unions and mass media -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3419 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002872 , International (Johannesburg, South Africa) -- History , International Socialist League (S.A.) -- History , South African newspapers -- Language , Mass media and race relations -- South Africa , Mass media and language -- South Africa , Labor unions and mass media -- South Africa
- Description: The International, as the weekly newspaper of the International Socialist League, articulated from 1915 to 1919 an ideology which stood opposed both to organised labour and nationalist movements in South Africa. This situation reflected significant historical struggles during this period, which constitutes essential background to the discourse of the International. The International's writers opposed the institution of trade unionism in the labour movement because it was fragmented on the lines of skill and race. They opposed both the National Party and the South African Native National Congress because they advocated racial (and national) rather than working class interests. Instead, these writers, according to their international socialist paradigm, advocated a working class united irrespective of race and skill at the level of industry. To analyse these ideological positions, discourse analysis provides a fruitful method for locating its dynamics in relation to other positions and extra-ideological (contextual) practices: The International's writers g~nerated a socialist position against racism by engaging in an ideological struggle in discourse. They articulated their anti-racist position from international socialism's critique of the 'languages' of both militarism and trade unionism in the discourse of labour. Within the discourse of militarism, the working class was signified as divided between hostile nations. These writers applied this as a metaphor to the division of the local labour movement and criticised the latter accordingly. In their view, just as workers were divided between the nations (nationalism), so they were divided within the nation (racism) in South Africa. One context cohered with the other, and both agreed with imperatives of international capitalism. This was fundamentally opposed to the principles of international socialism which characterised the International's discourse. Within the dominant discourse oflabour, workers were signified as divided between different trade unions on the basis of skills. Furthermore, in the South African context, trade unions organised only white workers, and ignored the far larger proportion of black labour. In this context, the International advocated industrial unionism, and criticised the narrow base of the white trade unions for fragmenting and weakening the working class in South African. The International's writers were thus led by the discourse of international socialism to a new discourse, whereby not white workers alone, but a racially-united working class movement would be the key to a socialist future in South Africa. Their struggle entailed a bid in and over discourse to rearticulate the sign of the 'native worker' within their own discourse as the dominant discourse type. Underpinning their struggle was a fundamental opposition to capitalist class relations.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Caldwell, Marc Anthony
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: International (Johannesburg, South Africa) -- History , International Socialist League (S.A.) -- History , South African newspapers -- Language , Mass media and race relations -- South Africa , Mass media and language -- South Africa , Labor unions and mass media -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3419 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002872 , International (Johannesburg, South Africa) -- History , International Socialist League (S.A.) -- History , South African newspapers -- Language , Mass media and race relations -- South Africa , Mass media and language -- South Africa , Labor unions and mass media -- South Africa
- Description: The International, as the weekly newspaper of the International Socialist League, articulated from 1915 to 1919 an ideology which stood opposed both to organised labour and nationalist movements in South Africa. This situation reflected significant historical struggles during this period, which constitutes essential background to the discourse of the International. The International's writers opposed the institution of trade unionism in the labour movement because it was fragmented on the lines of skill and race. They opposed both the National Party and the South African Native National Congress because they advocated racial (and national) rather than working class interests. Instead, these writers, according to their international socialist paradigm, advocated a working class united irrespective of race and skill at the level of industry. To analyse these ideological positions, discourse analysis provides a fruitful method for locating its dynamics in relation to other positions and extra-ideological (contextual) practices: The International's writers g~nerated a socialist position against racism by engaging in an ideological struggle in discourse. They articulated their anti-racist position from international socialism's critique of the 'languages' of both militarism and trade unionism in the discourse of labour. Within the discourse of militarism, the working class was signified as divided between hostile nations. These writers applied this as a metaphor to the division of the local labour movement and criticised the latter accordingly. In their view, just as workers were divided between the nations (nationalism), so they were divided within the nation (racism) in South Africa. One context cohered with the other, and both agreed with imperatives of international capitalism. This was fundamentally opposed to the principles of international socialism which characterised the International's discourse. Within the dominant discourse oflabour, workers were signified as divided between different trade unions on the basis of skills. Furthermore, in the South African context, trade unions organised only white workers, and ignored the far larger proportion of black labour. In this context, the International advocated industrial unionism, and criticised the narrow base of the white trade unions for fragmenting and weakening the working class in South African. The International's writers were thus led by the discourse of international socialism to a new discourse, whereby not white workers alone, but a racially-united working class movement would be the key to a socialist future in South Africa. Their struggle entailed a bid in and over discourse to rearticulate the sign of the 'native worker' within their own discourse as the dominant discourse type. Underpinning their struggle was a fundamental opposition to capitalist class relations.
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Student teachers' conceptualisations of 'significant' animals
- Authors: Murtough, Neil
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Environmental education -- South Africa Teachers -- Training of -- South Africa Human-animal relationships -- South Africa -- Folklore Zoology -- South Africa -- Folklore
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1775 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003660
- Description: Constructivist approaches to teaching and learning are a well established component of the landscape of educational research, especially in Science education. This research took as its starting point the limited amount of social constructivist research available in the field of Environmental Education and responded to calls for further research. The research was designed within an interpretive tradition, as a critically phenomenological enquiry employing two methods; single case studies and a focus group. Data collection used progressively focused interview questions to proceed through a series of individual interview stages, starting with a simple description of conceptualisations and moving to deeper analysis of influences on, and use of conceptualisations. The focus group was designed as a forum to explore the pedagogic issues connected to the 'social negotiation of learning', based on data and insights gained from earlier interview stages. The goals of the study were to record data on the conceptualisations of animals perceived as significant by a group of Tsonga speaking students, and to seek insights into the formative influences on those conceptualisations. The research question, namely what contribution can social constructivist approaches to teaching and learning make to Environmental Education? guided an interpretation of the above data in terms of a range of social constructivist theories of learning. Theories of Radical and Social Constructivism as applied in Science education, although dominant orientations for educational research in constructivist learning, were challenged and found inappropriate as a basis to inform methodologies for Environmental Education. Instead Lave's (cited in O'Loughlin, 1992) socio-cultural approach to learning was explored as the basis to create a more useful perspective on an environmental education situation. Finally it was concluded that Lave's socio-cultural approach to learning may be a useful guide to helping a teacher- elicit the full range of conceptualisations present in an environmental education situation, but is not ultimately effective if no challenge and change comes about. Consequently, a socially critical constructivist teaching and learning approach was suggested In conclusion I commented on the interpretive research methodology employed and suggested an example of a socially critical methodology that could take this investigation further.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Murtough, Neil
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Environmental education -- South Africa Teachers -- Training of -- South Africa Human-animal relationships -- South Africa -- Folklore Zoology -- South Africa -- Folklore
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1775 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003660
- Description: Constructivist approaches to teaching and learning are a well established component of the landscape of educational research, especially in Science education. This research took as its starting point the limited amount of social constructivist research available in the field of Environmental Education and responded to calls for further research. The research was designed within an interpretive tradition, as a critically phenomenological enquiry employing two methods; single case studies and a focus group. Data collection used progressively focused interview questions to proceed through a series of individual interview stages, starting with a simple description of conceptualisations and moving to deeper analysis of influences on, and use of conceptualisations. The focus group was designed as a forum to explore the pedagogic issues connected to the 'social negotiation of learning', based on data and insights gained from earlier interview stages. The goals of the study were to record data on the conceptualisations of animals perceived as significant by a group of Tsonga speaking students, and to seek insights into the formative influences on those conceptualisations. The research question, namely what contribution can social constructivist approaches to teaching and learning make to Environmental Education? guided an interpretation of the above data in terms of a range of social constructivist theories of learning. Theories of Radical and Social Constructivism as applied in Science education, although dominant orientations for educational research in constructivist learning, were challenged and found inappropriate as a basis to inform methodologies for Environmental Education. Instead Lave's (cited in O'Loughlin, 1992) socio-cultural approach to learning was explored as the basis to create a more useful perspective on an environmental education situation. Finally it was concluded that Lave's socio-cultural approach to learning may be a useful guide to helping a teacher- elicit the full range of conceptualisations present in an environmental education situation, but is not ultimately effective if no challenge and change comes about. Consequently, a socially critical constructivist teaching and learning approach was suggested In conclusion I commented on the interpretive research methodology employed and suggested an example of a socially critical methodology that could take this investigation further.
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Student-teachers' perspectives of the role of environmental education in geography education
- Authors: Symmonds, Joanne
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Geography -- Study and teaching -- Environmental aspects Environmental education
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1776 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003661
- Description: The ideas contained in socially critical Environmental Education cannot be ignored given the current environmental crisis and the need to achieve democracy in South African society. In order to achieve this learners need to develop the skills to make informed decisions which will facilitate the achievement of a sustainable society. It is the contention of this research that a socially critical Environmental Education approach to education can facilitate the above. Teachers of formal secondary school Geography Education are in the position to implement socially critical Environmental Education into their teaching. This study therefore investigates the perspectives of student teachers regarding the role of Environmental Education in secondary school Geography Education. This was done within the Interpretative Paradigm using a case study which involved five Higher Diploma in Education Geography method students. The research has revealed that even though the Geography method students have been exposed to an Environmental Education course, in their teaching preparation and are motivated to use it, they have limited understanding of the theory underpinning Environmental Education and how to apply it to their Geography teaching. The problems of bridging theory and practice was apparent. Recommendations are made as how to best facilitate the gap between theory and practice.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Symmonds, Joanne
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Geography -- Study and teaching -- Environmental aspects Environmental education
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1776 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003661
- Description: The ideas contained in socially critical Environmental Education cannot be ignored given the current environmental crisis and the need to achieve democracy in South African society. In order to achieve this learners need to develop the skills to make informed decisions which will facilitate the achievement of a sustainable society. It is the contention of this research that a socially critical Environmental Education approach to education can facilitate the above. Teachers of formal secondary school Geography Education are in the position to implement socially critical Environmental Education into their teaching. This study therefore investigates the perspectives of student teachers regarding the role of Environmental Education in secondary school Geography Education. This was done within the Interpretative Paradigm using a case study which involved five Higher Diploma in Education Geography method students. The research has revealed that even though the Geography method students have been exposed to an Environmental Education course, in their teaching preparation and are motivated to use it, they have limited understanding of the theory underpinning Environmental Education and how to apply it to their Geography teaching. The problems of bridging theory and practice was apparent. Recommendations are made as how to best facilitate the gap between theory and practice.
- Full Text:
Studies of the biology and ecology of the high shore South African limpet, Helcion pectunculus (Mollusca : patellogastropoda)
- Authors: Gray, David Richard
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Mollusks -- South Africa Limpets -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5776 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005464
- Description: Investigations were carried out into aspects of the bio!ogy and ecology of Helcion pectunculus along the coait of South Africa. These included studies of the distribution, density and biomass of the limpet at six sites along the east coast plus one site on the west coast; the growth of H pectunculus on both west and east coasts; a comparison of the reproductive biology of the east and west coast populations; the foraging activity and feeding behaviour of H pectunculus and the driving forces behind the rhythmic behaviour of this limpet; the importance of the crevice environment in the biology and ecology of H pectunculus. Helcion pectunculus has a restricted zonation, with the majority of animals residing in crevices in the upper Balanoid zone during diurnallowtides, although individuals were occasionally found in the lower Balanoid zone on shores with a gently sloping aspect. This limpet occurs in higher densities (50-lO0 individuals/m2) on shores which have large numbers of crevices and boulders i.e. quartzitic sandstone shores. On most shores, the ratio of males to females differed significantly from a 1: 1 ratio with the highest ratio being obtained on the west .. coast (3 males: 1 female). At all sites, the populations of H pectunculus exhibited strong sexual dimorphism. Males and females were always found to differ in size, with individuals of < 20 mm shell length generally being male whilst limpets with a shell length of> 22 mm were generally female. Helcion pectunculus grows allometrically, increasing in height faster than length, which is expected of a high shore gastropod mollusc attempting to reduce evaporative water loss. Growth rates were similar on both east and west coasts regardless of the differing oceanographic conditions. The theoretical values of Lmax were also similar being 30.86 mm and 30.71 mm respectively. Micro-growth bands are laid down within its' shell which have the same periodicity as the tidal cycle and these enabled age estimates to be made. Younger individuals were male whilst older animals were female, suggesting that H pectunculus is a protandrous hermaphrodite. Histological examination proved, unequivocally, that this limpet undergoes a protandric sex change, changing from male to female when they are about 2 years old. Both east and west coast popUlations had a marked reproductive cycle, exhibiting two spawning periods a year, one in April and another in November. The possibility that the reproductive pattern exhibited is now phylogeneticallyconstrained is discussed. It is suggested that H pectunculus has evolved a reproductive cycle which will allow its planktonic larvae to utilise the valuable phytoplankton bloom food source whilst using onshore winds to ensure that larvae are not transported out to sea and lost. The number of foraging excursions carried out by individuals of H pectunculus was found to have a significant effect on Gonad Index and hence potential reproductive output. The activity pattern of H pectunculus varied depending upon micro-habitat; animals inhabiting both east and west facing rock surfaces are active during nocturnal low tides whilst animals on west facing rock surfaces are also active during daytime low tides whilst in the shade. Limpets travel further during foraging excursions in winter (X = 85.53 cm) than in either spring (x = 55.7 cm) or summer (X = 48.8 cm) and also during spring low tides (x = 89.8 cm) compared with neaps (x = 40.9 cm). This limpet exhibits rigid homing to a fixed scar within a-crevice and feeding excursions were found to cons.is.t. of three distinct phases, a rapid outward phase, a slower foraging phase and a rapid homeward phase. Foraging was always highly directional, with a mean vector which took limpets onto an area of the rockface with the highest microalgal biomass and also the smoothest rock surface. Helcion pectunculus exhibits a free-running endogenous rhythm of locomotor activity with both circadian and circatidal components and it is suggested that this rhythm plays a role in allowing the limpet to avoid unfavourable environmental conditions. The exogenous entrainment factor of this endogenous rhythm was the time of exposure to air in the field. There was found to be an organized distribution of limpets within crevices with smaller, younger limpets being towards the back of the crevice and larger, older limpets towards the crevice mouth. It is hypothesized that juvenile limpets of this species actively select and settle at the backs of crevices responding to chemical cues of adult conspecifics. The crevice refuge supplies the limpets with a stable and buffered environment with higher relative humidities (X = 72.3%) and lower rock surface temperatures (X = 19.7°C) than adjacent exposed rock surfaces (X = 64.5%; x = 22.9°C). Limpet body temperatures were significantly lower in crevic~refuges compared to limpets on exposed rock surfaces. Body temperatures never exceeded the rock surface temperatures. It is suggested that this is the result of morphological adaptations such as shell ornamentation and allometric growth. Light levels above 1000 J.1E.m-2.s-1 inhibited foraging activity in H. pectunculuswhilst limpets subjected to 30-50% shade foraged even during daytime lowtides. This limpet is one of the least tenacious (2.75 ± 0.13 kg.cm-2 ) of all South African limpets and the possibility that wave activity governs both the activity patterns and homing behaviour of this limpet is discussed. Limpets deprived of a crevice refuge experienced extremely high mortalities, with 45% of the limpets being lost during the first high tide period. A hypothetical model of the hierarchy of exogenous factors controlling limpet foraging activity is introduced and discussed in relation to the results of this study. Finally, it is suggested that in addition to the "migratory" and "non-migratory" groups of limpets present on southern African shores a third group of limpets seem to be present which may be classed as "specialized non-migratory" species. These are species that do not migrate, garden or aggressively fight off like conspecifics. They have overcome the competition for space and food on intertidal rocky shores by adapting to a particular habitat which is exclusive to them alone. From the combined results of these studies, it can be stated that H. pectunculus has adapted physiologically, morphologically and behaviourally to successfully survive the extreme conditions in the upper Balanoid zone.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Gray, David Richard
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Mollusks -- South Africa Limpets -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5776 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005464
- Description: Investigations were carried out into aspects of the bio!ogy and ecology of Helcion pectunculus along the coait of South Africa. These included studies of the distribution, density and biomass of the limpet at six sites along the east coast plus one site on the west coast; the growth of H pectunculus on both west and east coasts; a comparison of the reproductive biology of the east and west coast populations; the foraging activity and feeding behaviour of H pectunculus and the driving forces behind the rhythmic behaviour of this limpet; the importance of the crevice environment in the biology and ecology of H pectunculus. Helcion pectunculus has a restricted zonation, with the majority of animals residing in crevices in the upper Balanoid zone during diurnallowtides, although individuals were occasionally found in the lower Balanoid zone on shores with a gently sloping aspect. This limpet occurs in higher densities (50-lO0 individuals/m2) on shores which have large numbers of crevices and boulders i.e. quartzitic sandstone shores. On most shores, the ratio of males to females differed significantly from a 1: 1 ratio with the highest ratio being obtained on the west .. coast (3 males: 1 female). At all sites, the populations of H pectunculus exhibited strong sexual dimorphism. Males and females were always found to differ in size, with individuals of < 20 mm shell length generally being male whilst limpets with a shell length of> 22 mm were generally female. Helcion pectunculus grows allometrically, increasing in height faster than length, which is expected of a high shore gastropod mollusc attempting to reduce evaporative water loss. Growth rates were similar on both east and west coasts regardless of the differing oceanographic conditions. The theoretical values of Lmax were also similar being 30.86 mm and 30.71 mm respectively. Micro-growth bands are laid down within its' shell which have the same periodicity as the tidal cycle and these enabled age estimates to be made. Younger individuals were male whilst older animals were female, suggesting that H pectunculus is a protandrous hermaphrodite. Histological examination proved, unequivocally, that this limpet undergoes a protandric sex change, changing from male to female when they are about 2 years old. Both east and west coast popUlations had a marked reproductive cycle, exhibiting two spawning periods a year, one in April and another in November. The possibility that the reproductive pattern exhibited is now phylogeneticallyconstrained is discussed. It is suggested that H pectunculus has evolved a reproductive cycle which will allow its planktonic larvae to utilise the valuable phytoplankton bloom food source whilst using onshore winds to ensure that larvae are not transported out to sea and lost. The number of foraging excursions carried out by individuals of H pectunculus was found to have a significant effect on Gonad Index and hence potential reproductive output. The activity pattern of H pectunculus varied depending upon micro-habitat; animals inhabiting both east and west facing rock surfaces are active during nocturnal low tides whilst animals on west facing rock surfaces are also active during daytime low tides whilst in the shade. Limpets travel further during foraging excursions in winter (X = 85.53 cm) than in either spring (x = 55.7 cm) or summer (X = 48.8 cm) and also during spring low tides (x = 89.8 cm) compared with neaps (x = 40.9 cm). This limpet exhibits rigid homing to a fixed scar within a-crevice and feeding excursions were found to cons.is.t. of three distinct phases, a rapid outward phase, a slower foraging phase and a rapid homeward phase. Foraging was always highly directional, with a mean vector which took limpets onto an area of the rockface with the highest microalgal biomass and also the smoothest rock surface. Helcion pectunculus exhibits a free-running endogenous rhythm of locomotor activity with both circadian and circatidal components and it is suggested that this rhythm plays a role in allowing the limpet to avoid unfavourable environmental conditions. The exogenous entrainment factor of this endogenous rhythm was the time of exposure to air in the field. There was found to be an organized distribution of limpets within crevices with smaller, younger limpets being towards the back of the crevice and larger, older limpets towards the crevice mouth. It is hypothesized that juvenile limpets of this species actively select and settle at the backs of crevices responding to chemical cues of adult conspecifics. The crevice refuge supplies the limpets with a stable and buffered environment with higher relative humidities (X = 72.3%) and lower rock surface temperatures (X = 19.7°C) than adjacent exposed rock surfaces (X = 64.5%; x = 22.9°C). Limpet body temperatures were significantly lower in crevic~refuges compared to limpets on exposed rock surfaces. Body temperatures never exceeded the rock surface temperatures. It is suggested that this is the result of morphological adaptations such as shell ornamentation and allometric growth. Light levels above 1000 J.1E.m-2.s-1 inhibited foraging activity in H. pectunculuswhilst limpets subjected to 30-50% shade foraged even during daytime lowtides. This limpet is one of the least tenacious (2.75 ± 0.13 kg.cm-2 ) of all South African limpets and the possibility that wave activity governs both the activity patterns and homing behaviour of this limpet is discussed. Limpets deprived of a crevice refuge experienced extremely high mortalities, with 45% of the limpets being lost during the first high tide period. A hypothetical model of the hierarchy of exogenous factors controlling limpet foraging activity is introduced and discussed in relation to the results of this study. Finally, it is suggested that in addition to the "migratory" and "non-migratory" groups of limpets present on southern African shores a third group of limpets seem to be present which may be classed as "specialized non-migratory" species. These are species that do not migrate, garden or aggressively fight off like conspecifics. They have overcome the competition for space and food on intertidal rocky shores by adapting to a particular habitat which is exclusive to them alone. From the combined results of these studies, it can be stated that H. pectunculus has adapted physiologically, morphologically and behaviourally to successfully survive the extreme conditions in the upper Balanoid zone.
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Submission of the CWIU to the portfolio committee on Child and Family support
- Chemical Workers Industrial Union (CWIU)
- Authors: Chemical Workers Industrial Union (CWIU)
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: CWIU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/170234 , vital:41871
- Description: Having studied and extensively discussed the new child support and benefit system as agreed by cabinet on 5 March 1997, the CWIU Western Cape Women's Committee at its seminar held on 5-6 April 1997, noted j:tee following: 1) That the pSC-cess leading up to this development was not transparent and democratic despite its far-reaching consequences for the poorest sections of our people. 2) That the new system is designed to meet the requirements set by the government's economic strategy - Growth Employment and Redistibution (GEAR) for "fiscal restraint" and reducing the budget deficit and not meeting the needs of the majority of South Africans. This economic strategy of the government is in itself its response to the demands of local and international capital and not in line with the promise of "A better life for all" as embodied in the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) and the new constitution which states the right for all "to have access to social security, including, if they are unable to support themselves and their dependents, appropriate social assistance". 3) That certain assumptions are made regarding the requirements of families, specifically women and their unsupported children, with regard to their survival, let alone decent living standards. In particular we refer to the new rates of R75 per child (under the age of 6 years) per month which is according to the government "slightly above the household subsistence level". This raises a number of serious questions and implications. Who determined these figures, what are they based on and who is it aimed at ? For years in the labour movement we have been confronted by capitalist bosses with similar "scientific statistics" across the bargaining table when fighting for decent wages. We have always rejected these as being based on existing poverty levels and seeking to perpetuate these conditions. These figures are also determined by academics hidden and protected by the privilege of the university environment, treating our poverty as mere scientific subjects for study to strengthen the ideological hand of their capitalist masters. We reject the figures and are convinced that the new rates will have the effect of increasing poverty. It has also been pointed out to us, for what it is worth, that the actual "Household Subsistence Level" figure is more than what the government has decided, ie. R96.83.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Chemical Workers Industrial Union (CWIU)
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: CWIU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/170234 , vital:41871
- Description: Having studied and extensively discussed the new child support and benefit system as agreed by cabinet on 5 March 1997, the CWIU Western Cape Women's Committee at its seminar held on 5-6 April 1997, noted j:tee following: 1) That the pSC-cess leading up to this development was not transparent and democratic despite its far-reaching consequences for the poorest sections of our people. 2) That the new system is designed to meet the requirements set by the government's economic strategy - Growth Employment and Redistibution (GEAR) for "fiscal restraint" and reducing the budget deficit and not meeting the needs of the majority of South Africans. This economic strategy of the government is in itself its response to the demands of local and international capital and not in line with the promise of "A better life for all" as embodied in the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) and the new constitution which states the right for all "to have access to social security, including, if they are unable to support themselves and their dependents, appropriate social assistance". 3) That certain assumptions are made regarding the requirements of families, specifically women and their unsupported children, with regard to their survival, let alone decent living standards. In particular we refer to the new rates of R75 per child (under the age of 6 years) per month which is according to the government "slightly above the household subsistence level". This raises a number of serious questions and implications. Who determined these figures, what are they based on and who is it aimed at ? For years in the labour movement we have been confronted by capitalist bosses with similar "scientific statistics" across the bargaining table when fighting for decent wages. We have always rejected these as being based on existing poverty levels and seeking to perpetuate these conditions. These figures are also determined by academics hidden and protected by the privilege of the university environment, treating our poverty as mere scientific subjects for study to strengthen the ideological hand of their capitalist masters. We reject the figures and are convinced that the new rates will have the effect of increasing poverty. It has also been pointed out to us, for what it is worth, that the actual "Household Subsistence Level" figure is more than what the government has decided, ie. R96.83.
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Substituted catechols as complexing agents for the determination of bismuth, lead, copper and cadmium by adsorptive stripping voltammetry
- Limson, Janice L, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Limson, Janice L , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/293311 , vital:57074 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(96)00585-5"
- Description: Copper, cadmium, lead and bismuth (> 5 μg ml−1) are determined by adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (AdCSV) on a mercury film glassy carbon electrode, using catechol, 4-methylcatechol, 4-t-butylcatechol and resorcinol as complexing ligands. Complexes of lead, copper and bismuth with resorcinol showed the largest increase in current with increase in metal concentration, whereas complexes of these metals with 4-t-butylcatechol showed the lowest current response. Cadmium showed a different behaviour from the other three metals in that the highest current response was observed with 4-methylcatechol. The four metals could be determined simultaneously in the presence of resorcinol, although considerable interference was observed between bismuth and copper.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Limson, Janice L , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/293311 , vital:57074 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(96)00585-5"
- Description: Copper, cadmium, lead and bismuth (> 5 μg ml−1) are determined by adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (AdCSV) on a mercury film glassy carbon electrode, using catechol, 4-methylcatechol, 4-t-butylcatechol and resorcinol as complexing ligands. Complexes of lead, copper and bismuth with resorcinol showed the largest increase in current with increase in metal concentration, whereas complexes of these metals with 4-t-butylcatechol showed the lowest current response. Cadmium showed a different behaviour from the other three metals in that the highest current response was observed with 4-methylcatechol. The four metals could be determined simultaneously in the presence of resorcinol, although considerable interference was observed between bismuth and copper.
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Synthetic and physical organic studies of chromone derivatives
- Ramaite, Ipfani David Isaiah
- Authors: Ramaite, Ipfani David Isaiah
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Benzopyrans Heterocyclic compounds -- Derivatives Coumarins
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4380 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005045
- Description: A range of chromone-2-carboxylic acids has been prepared by condensing suitably substituted 2-hydroxyacetophenones with diethyl oxalate. pK₂ Studies of these acids revealed that 6- or 7-methoxy substituents decreased acidity while the 6-nitro group enhanced acidity; the strongest acid was the 3-chloro derivative, the increase in acidity being attributed to steric inhibition of acid-weakening delocalisation between the carboxyl group and the chromone system. Various chromone-2-carboxamides, derived from acid chloride precursors, were converted to polysubstituted acrylamides by nucleophilic ring-opening with selected amine nucleophiles. The main fragmentation patterns exhibited by these acrylamides were elucidated using a combination of low resolution, high resolution and meta-stable peak analysis, while the effect of substituents on the simultaneous internal rotation involving the carboxamide and enamine moieties were studied using dynamic NMR spectroscopy. Rotational barriers of ca. 67.1 kJmol ̄¹ and ca. 102 kJmol ̄¹ were found for the enamine and amide rotors, respectively. Several synthetic pathways were followed to prepare a series of 2-(N,N-dialkylamino)chromones which were subjected to detailed mass spectral analysis. In addition to substituent-specific fragmentations , the 2-aminochromones appear to fragment via 3 major pathways. The effect of substituents on the internal rotation of the amino moeity was investigated by variable temperature ¹H NMR spectroscopy and the resulting DNMR data was used to calculate the rotational barriers. Examination of the data reveals that the electron-releasing 6- and 7- substituents reduce the C-NMe₂ rotational barrier to ca. 43.5 kJmol ̄¹ , while the nitro analogue has the largest rotational barrier (ca. 46.1 kJmol ̄¹) because of the electron-withdrawing effect of this substituent.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Ramaite, Ipfani David Isaiah
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Benzopyrans Heterocyclic compounds -- Derivatives Coumarins
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4380 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005045
- Description: A range of chromone-2-carboxylic acids has been prepared by condensing suitably substituted 2-hydroxyacetophenones with diethyl oxalate. pK₂ Studies of these acids revealed that 6- or 7-methoxy substituents decreased acidity while the 6-nitro group enhanced acidity; the strongest acid was the 3-chloro derivative, the increase in acidity being attributed to steric inhibition of acid-weakening delocalisation between the carboxyl group and the chromone system. Various chromone-2-carboxamides, derived from acid chloride precursors, were converted to polysubstituted acrylamides by nucleophilic ring-opening with selected amine nucleophiles. The main fragmentation patterns exhibited by these acrylamides were elucidated using a combination of low resolution, high resolution and meta-stable peak analysis, while the effect of substituents on the simultaneous internal rotation involving the carboxamide and enamine moieties were studied using dynamic NMR spectroscopy. Rotational barriers of ca. 67.1 kJmol ̄¹ and ca. 102 kJmol ̄¹ were found for the enamine and amide rotors, respectively. Several synthetic pathways were followed to prepare a series of 2-(N,N-dialkylamino)chromones which were subjected to detailed mass spectral analysis. In addition to substituent-specific fragmentations , the 2-aminochromones appear to fragment via 3 major pathways. The effect of substituents on the internal rotation of the amino moeity was investigated by variable temperature ¹H NMR spectroscopy and the resulting DNMR data was used to calculate the rotational barriers. Examination of the data reveals that the electron-releasing 6- and 7- substituents reduce the C-NMe₂ rotational barrier to ca. 43.5 kJmol ̄¹ , while the nitro analogue has the largest rotational barrier (ca. 46.1 kJmol ̄¹) because of the electron-withdrawing effect of this substituent.
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Teaching disciplinary discourse and implementing language-across-the-curriculum at tertiary level problems and prospects
- Authors: Caldwell, Candice Anne
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Rhodes University. Dept. of Psychology , Compensatory education -- South Africa , College students -- Study and teaching , College teachers -- Training of -- South Africa , Curriculum evaluation -- South Africa , Discourse analysis , Language arts -- Correlation with content subjects , Learning
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2340 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002622
- Description: The premise of this thesis is that "learning", particularly in terms of students and universities, is capable of being seen as a specific and developed culture. This study is a contribution to the ethnography of that learning, the ultimate aim being to produce a descriptive theory of learning as a cultural system. This research was conducted within the context of the recent proposals made by the South African Commission on Higher Education. The proposals relevant to this study were, broadly, increased access to higher education and national funding for academic staff development programmes. There are, however, serious obstacles in the way of realising the aims of the higher education system outlined by the NCHE. Given the limited time and resources available for higher education development, it is imperative that the major flaws and obstacles in the system be identified and addressed as soon as possible. In view of this need, it was the concern of this study to conduct research which would assist in the designing of staff development programmes for academics teaching in English-medium tertiary institutions, like Rhodes University, where more than half the intake of first-year students already speaks English as a second, or other, language. Founded on the social constructionist view of knowledge, the aim of the study was to identify the needs of academic staff as well as the possible obstacles to the implementation of a "Language Across the Curriculum" policy. A genre-centred, ethnographic approach was used to access a disciplinary discourse community (the Psychology Department) in order to describe the practices of the community as well as to analyse the community's orders of discourse, particularly those which occurred at points of contact between lecturers and first-year students. It is argued that staff development programmes should promote the use of collaborative learning, which implies a reframing of the roles of both academic staff and students.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Caldwell, Candice Anne
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Rhodes University. Dept. of Psychology , Compensatory education -- South Africa , College students -- Study and teaching , College teachers -- Training of -- South Africa , Curriculum evaluation -- South Africa , Discourse analysis , Language arts -- Correlation with content subjects , Learning
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2340 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002622
- Description: The premise of this thesis is that "learning", particularly in terms of students and universities, is capable of being seen as a specific and developed culture. This study is a contribution to the ethnography of that learning, the ultimate aim being to produce a descriptive theory of learning as a cultural system. This research was conducted within the context of the recent proposals made by the South African Commission on Higher Education. The proposals relevant to this study were, broadly, increased access to higher education and national funding for academic staff development programmes. There are, however, serious obstacles in the way of realising the aims of the higher education system outlined by the NCHE. Given the limited time and resources available for higher education development, it is imperative that the major flaws and obstacles in the system be identified and addressed as soon as possible. In view of this need, it was the concern of this study to conduct research which would assist in the designing of staff development programmes for academics teaching in English-medium tertiary institutions, like Rhodes University, where more than half the intake of first-year students already speaks English as a second, or other, language. Founded on the social constructionist view of knowledge, the aim of the study was to identify the needs of academic staff as well as the possible obstacles to the implementation of a "Language Across the Curriculum" policy. A genre-centred, ethnographic approach was used to access a disciplinary discourse community (the Psychology Department) in order to describe the practices of the community as well as to analyse the community's orders of discourse, particularly those which occurred at points of contact between lecturers and first-year students. It is argued that staff development programmes should promote the use of collaborative learning, which implies a reframing of the roles of both academic staff and students.
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Termination of psychotherapy : a phenomenological exploration of the therapist's and the patient's experience
- Authors: Schlodder, Michelle Ingrid
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Psychotherapy -- termination Psychotherapy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3049 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002558
- Full Text:
- Authors: Schlodder, Michelle Ingrid
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Psychotherapy -- termination Psychotherapy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3049 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002558
- Full Text: