Imagery and the transformation of meaning in psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: a hermeneutic case study
- Authors: Karpelowsky, Belinda Jodi
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Post-traumatic stress disorder -- Treatment , Post-traumatic stress disorder -- Rehabilitation , Imagery (Psychology) -- Therapeutic use , Psychotherapy , Post-traumatic stress disorder -- Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3000 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002509 , Post-traumatic stress disorder -- Treatment , Post-traumatic stress disorder -- Rehabilitation , Imagery (Psychology) -- Therapeutic use , Psychotherapy , Post-traumatic stress disorder -- Case studies
- Description: This study discusses the assessment and treatment of a 21-year old male who had suffered multiple traumas, which had culminated in the death of his younger brother. He presented with Acute Stress Disorder. The literature review examines a diverse range of theorists and discourses, that have addressed the psychological consequences of trauma and highlights the complexity of the phenomena involved. The case study, located in the South African context, aims to sensitise the reader to the unique dilemmas facing each trauma survivor, and serves to highlight specifically those areas, which are pertinent and further more contribute significantly to the recovery process. The case narrative consists of a detailed synopsis of the therapy process, extracted from the session record notes documented at the time. Several other sources of information, including contributions from the participant, were used to verify and validate the accuracy of the data included. The narrative is written in a style that conveys the intensity of the nature of trauma work and the manner in which both patient and clinician are frequently confronted with very difficult emotional work. Finally the discussion examines the case narrative through the use of a set of carefully selected hermeneutic questions. These focused on (I) key concepts from the work of Robert Lifton who highlights the existential dimensions of the impact of trauma; (2) the role of the image in encapsulating the complex traumatic and post-traumatic experience of the survivor as well as facilitating the emotional processing of the trauma is examined; (3) the contribution to the process of therapy of aspects of the therapeutic relationship; and (4) the concept of recovery in relation to the question of what constitutes 'trauma work'. In conclusion, several meta-theoretical issues related to trauma, the strengths and weaknesses inherent to the research and relevant future areas of research are highlighted.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Karpelowsky, Belinda Jodi
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Post-traumatic stress disorder -- Treatment , Post-traumatic stress disorder -- Rehabilitation , Imagery (Psychology) -- Therapeutic use , Psychotherapy , Post-traumatic stress disorder -- Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3000 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002509 , Post-traumatic stress disorder -- Treatment , Post-traumatic stress disorder -- Rehabilitation , Imagery (Psychology) -- Therapeutic use , Psychotherapy , Post-traumatic stress disorder -- Case studies
- Description: This study discusses the assessment and treatment of a 21-year old male who had suffered multiple traumas, which had culminated in the death of his younger brother. He presented with Acute Stress Disorder. The literature review examines a diverse range of theorists and discourses, that have addressed the psychological consequences of trauma and highlights the complexity of the phenomena involved. The case study, located in the South African context, aims to sensitise the reader to the unique dilemmas facing each trauma survivor, and serves to highlight specifically those areas, which are pertinent and further more contribute significantly to the recovery process. The case narrative consists of a detailed synopsis of the therapy process, extracted from the session record notes documented at the time. Several other sources of information, including contributions from the participant, were used to verify and validate the accuracy of the data included. The narrative is written in a style that conveys the intensity of the nature of trauma work and the manner in which both patient and clinician are frequently confronted with very difficult emotional work. Finally the discussion examines the case narrative through the use of a set of carefully selected hermeneutic questions. These focused on (I) key concepts from the work of Robert Lifton who highlights the existential dimensions of the impact of trauma; (2) the role of the image in encapsulating the complex traumatic and post-traumatic experience of the survivor as well as facilitating the emotional processing of the trauma is examined; (3) the contribution to the process of therapy of aspects of the therapeutic relationship; and (4) the concept of recovery in relation to the question of what constitutes 'trauma work'. In conclusion, several meta-theoretical issues related to trauma, the strengths and weaknesses inherent to the research and relevant future areas of research are highlighted.
- Full Text:
In conversation with Barney: a critical discourse analysis of interaction between a child with autism and his co-participants
- Authors: Geils, Catherine
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Autism in children -- Case studies , Autistic children , Autistic children -- Rehabilitation , Discourse analysis , Children and adults , Language acquisition , Conversation , Children -- Language
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2980 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002489 , Autism in children -- Case studies , Autistic children , Autistic children -- Rehabilitation , Discourse analysis , Children and adults , Language acquisition , Conversation , Children -- Language
- Description: My study arose in the context of an intervention programme aimed at the development of a child with autism’s communication and social interaction skills. The approach I take is a social constructionist one in which language is considered to be constructive and constitutive of social and psychological reality. This orientation challenges the assumptions of a western psychiatric approach that emphasizes the impairment and deficits associated with autism. The participants of the study are a 6-year-old boy diagnosed with Pervasive Developmental Disorder (Autistic Spectrum), and his mother, father, sister and a volunteer on the intervention programme. The discourse analytic method of conversation analysis is employed as a means of elucidating the collaborative mechanisms employed by both the child and his co-participants in making sense of one another. The specific aims of the study are to closely examine the communicative behaviour and interactive styles of the child and his coparticipants, their implications for communicative success (co-ordinated interaction) or breakdown (discordant interaction), and the implications for how the child is positioned within the discourse in relation to his co-participants. My constructions of the data suggested that a playful, activity-based interactive style constituted by non-verbal turns, affection and short, simple utterances enhance mutual participation and the accomplishment of co-ordinated interaction. Barney’s co-participants sometimes tend to dominate interaction and frequently employ a strategy of repetitive questioning, which functions to direct and constrain the interaction and results in the child’s withdrawal and discordant interaction. This tendency to withdraw, however, seems to function as a means by which the child is able to actively resist positioning by others, and thus constitutes himself in a position of greater power. Furthermore, his use of the pronoun ‘I’ and collaborative negotiation of the words yours and mine suggest the active co-construction and positioning of himself as a separate person in relation to his co-participants. This research informs intervention efforts and encourages the co-participants to reflect on how interaction is co-constructed between themselves and the child.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Geils, Catherine
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Autism in children -- Case studies , Autistic children , Autistic children -- Rehabilitation , Discourse analysis , Children and adults , Language acquisition , Conversation , Children -- Language
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2980 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002489 , Autism in children -- Case studies , Autistic children , Autistic children -- Rehabilitation , Discourse analysis , Children and adults , Language acquisition , Conversation , Children -- Language
- Description: My study arose in the context of an intervention programme aimed at the development of a child with autism’s communication and social interaction skills. The approach I take is a social constructionist one in which language is considered to be constructive and constitutive of social and psychological reality. This orientation challenges the assumptions of a western psychiatric approach that emphasizes the impairment and deficits associated with autism. The participants of the study are a 6-year-old boy diagnosed with Pervasive Developmental Disorder (Autistic Spectrum), and his mother, father, sister and a volunteer on the intervention programme. The discourse analytic method of conversation analysis is employed as a means of elucidating the collaborative mechanisms employed by both the child and his co-participants in making sense of one another. The specific aims of the study are to closely examine the communicative behaviour and interactive styles of the child and his coparticipants, their implications for communicative success (co-ordinated interaction) or breakdown (discordant interaction), and the implications for how the child is positioned within the discourse in relation to his co-participants. My constructions of the data suggested that a playful, activity-based interactive style constituted by non-verbal turns, affection and short, simple utterances enhance mutual participation and the accomplishment of co-ordinated interaction. Barney’s co-participants sometimes tend to dominate interaction and frequently employ a strategy of repetitive questioning, which functions to direct and constrain the interaction and results in the child’s withdrawal and discordant interaction. This tendency to withdraw, however, seems to function as a means by which the child is able to actively resist positioning by others, and thus constitutes himself in a position of greater power. Furthermore, his use of the pronoun ‘I’ and collaborative negotiation of the words yours and mine suggest the active co-construction and positioning of himself as a separate person in relation to his co-participants. This research informs intervention efforts and encourages the co-participants to reflect on how interaction is co-constructed between themselves and the child.
- Full Text:
In situ feeding rates of the copepods, Pseudodiaptomus hessei and Acartia longipatella, in a temperate, temporarily open/closed Eastern Cape estuary
- Authors: Froneman, P William
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6901 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011754
- Description: Size-fractionated chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentrations and the in situ grazing rates of the copepods, Pseudodiaptomus hessei and Acartia longipatella, were assessed seasonally at the temporarily open/closed Kasouga estuary situated along the southeast coast of southern Africa. Total integrated chl-a concentration ranged between 1.17 and 12.18 mg chl-a m^(–3) and was always dominated by small phytoplankton cells (<20 μm), which comprised up to 86% (range 64–86%) of the total pigment. Total zooplankton abundance ranged between 2676 and 62 043 individuals m^(–3). These copepods numerically dominated the zooplankton counts, accounting for between 79% and 91% of the total. Gut pigment concentrations of the two species at night were significantly higher than the daytime values (P<0.05 in all cases). The observed pattern could be related to the marked diurnal vertical migration patterns exhibited by the copepods. Gut evacuation rates of P. hessei during the study ranged between 0.29 and 0.77 h^(–1) and between 0.39 and 0.58 h^(–1) for A. longipatella. The rate of gut pigment destruction for P. hessei and A. longipatella ranged between 55% and 81% and between 88% and 92% of the total chl-a ingested, respectively. The combined grazing impact of the two copepods ranged between 0.65 and 4.37 mg chl-a m^(–3), or between 4.3% and 35.9% of the available chl-a in the water column. Variations in the grazing activity of the two species could be attributed largely to seasonality in water temperature and shifts in the phytoplankton community structure and zooplankton abundance.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Froneman, P William
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6901 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011754
- Description: Size-fractionated chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentrations and the in situ grazing rates of the copepods, Pseudodiaptomus hessei and Acartia longipatella, were assessed seasonally at the temporarily open/closed Kasouga estuary situated along the southeast coast of southern Africa. Total integrated chl-a concentration ranged between 1.17 and 12.18 mg chl-a m^(–3) and was always dominated by small phytoplankton cells (<20 μm), which comprised up to 86% (range 64–86%) of the total pigment. Total zooplankton abundance ranged between 2676 and 62 043 individuals m^(–3). These copepods numerically dominated the zooplankton counts, accounting for between 79% and 91% of the total. Gut pigment concentrations of the two species at night were significantly higher than the daytime values (P<0.05 in all cases). The observed pattern could be related to the marked diurnal vertical migration patterns exhibited by the copepods. Gut evacuation rates of P. hessei during the study ranged between 0.29 and 0.77 h^(–1) and between 0.39 and 0.58 h^(–1) for A. longipatella. The rate of gut pigment destruction for P. hessei and A. longipatella ranged between 55% and 81% and between 88% and 92% of the total chl-a ingested, respectively. The combined grazing impact of the two copepods ranged between 0.65 and 4.37 mg chl-a m^(–3), or between 4.3% and 35.9% of the available chl-a in the water column. Variations in the grazing activity of the two species could be attributed largely to seasonality in water temperature and shifts in the phytoplankton community structure and zooplankton abundance.
- Full Text:
Indigenous trauma volunteers: survivors with a mission
- Authors: Moultrie, Alison
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Volunteers -- Job stress , Volunteer workers in community development -- Job stress , Stress (Psychology) , Psychic trauma , Burn out (Psychology)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:3027 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002536 , Volunteers -- Job stress , Volunteer workers in community development -- Job stress , Stress (Psychology) , Psychic trauma , Burn out (Psychology)
- Description: There is a growing body of literature on the risk for secondary trauma amongst professional trauma workers. Nonetheless, there is scant published literature on the impact of trauma work on volunteers; particularly when such volunteers are indigenous to the highly traumatized communities which they serve. The study examined a group of parents (N=16) who volunteered in a school-based trauma support project in an impoverished, gang-ridden South African urban community in which they themselves reside. Aims were to 1) Explore the psychological impact of indigenous trauma volunteerism; 2) Explore volunteers’ perceptions of costs and benefits of volunteerism. Data collection was chiefly qualitative, using focus group and individual interviews. The Professional Quality of Life: Compassion Satisfaction and Fatigue Subscales (Stamm, 2002) were administered in order to determine risk for burnout, risk for compassion fatigue and potential for compassion satisfaction. The Stressful Life Experiences Screening Short Form (Stamm, 1997) was administered in order to gather descriptive information regarding personal trauma histories. Project documentation was reviewed. Analysis and interpretation of qualitative data involved a combination of both etic (theory-based) and emic (data and context-based) techniques. The volunteers’ experiences were co-constructed in interaction with three settings: 1) Experiences of training and supervision were affirming and empowering; 2) Experiences of the school context were mediated by the degree of access and integration into the school environment; 3) Experiences of the community context were mediated by the dynamics of identification, role fluidity and inter-setting negotiation. The primary cost of involvement was distress relating to limitations on capacity to help fellow community members with whom they strongly identified, and whom they felt intrapsychically, interpersonally and socially pressured to assist. These limitations included limited client resources, limited personal resources, limited occupational resources and limited systemic resources. Other sources of distress included context-related boundary management difficulties, institutional (school-related) stressors, difficulties in persuading children to disclose abuse and material costs of volunteering. Coping was facilitated by empowering training, supervision, peer support, and self-care practices. Benefits included acquisition of psychological, interpersonal and occupational skills, improved personal relationships, social support, validation, personal healing and role satisfaction.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Moultrie, Alison
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Volunteers -- Job stress , Volunteer workers in community development -- Job stress , Stress (Psychology) , Psychic trauma , Burn out (Psychology)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:3027 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002536 , Volunteers -- Job stress , Volunteer workers in community development -- Job stress , Stress (Psychology) , Psychic trauma , Burn out (Psychology)
- Description: There is a growing body of literature on the risk for secondary trauma amongst professional trauma workers. Nonetheless, there is scant published literature on the impact of trauma work on volunteers; particularly when such volunteers are indigenous to the highly traumatized communities which they serve. The study examined a group of parents (N=16) who volunteered in a school-based trauma support project in an impoverished, gang-ridden South African urban community in which they themselves reside. Aims were to 1) Explore the psychological impact of indigenous trauma volunteerism; 2) Explore volunteers’ perceptions of costs and benefits of volunteerism. Data collection was chiefly qualitative, using focus group and individual interviews. The Professional Quality of Life: Compassion Satisfaction and Fatigue Subscales (Stamm, 2002) were administered in order to determine risk for burnout, risk for compassion fatigue and potential for compassion satisfaction. The Stressful Life Experiences Screening Short Form (Stamm, 1997) was administered in order to gather descriptive information regarding personal trauma histories. Project documentation was reviewed. Analysis and interpretation of qualitative data involved a combination of both etic (theory-based) and emic (data and context-based) techniques. The volunteers’ experiences were co-constructed in interaction with three settings: 1) Experiences of training and supervision were affirming and empowering; 2) Experiences of the school context were mediated by the degree of access and integration into the school environment; 3) Experiences of the community context were mediated by the dynamics of identification, role fluidity and inter-setting negotiation. The primary cost of involvement was distress relating to limitations on capacity to help fellow community members with whom they strongly identified, and whom they felt intrapsychically, interpersonally and socially pressured to assist. These limitations included limited client resources, limited personal resources, limited occupational resources and limited systemic resources. Other sources of distress included context-related boundary management difficulties, institutional (school-related) stressors, difficulties in persuading children to disclose abuse and material costs of volunteering. Coping was facilitated by empowering training, supervision, peer support, and self-care practices. Benefits included acquisition of psychological, interpersonal and occupational skills, improved personal relationships, social support, validation, personal healing and role satisfaction.
- Full Text:
Induced ovulation, spawning, egg incubation, and hatching of the cyprinid fish Labeo victorianus in captivity
- Rutaisire, Justus, Booth, Anthony J
- Authors: Rutaisire, Justus , Booth, Anthony J
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124789 , vital:35697 , https://doi.10.1111/j.1749-7345.2004.tb00102.x
- Description: Ningu Lubeo victorianus is the only labeine fish within Lake Victoria and its catchment (Greenwood 1966; Reid 1985). This species, once widely distributed in the Lake Victoria basin and supporting a commercial fishery until the late 195Os, has declined due to overfishing (Cadwalladr 1965; Ogutu-Ohwayo 1990; Seehausen 1996). The L. victorianus fishery has not only collapsed but the species has also disappeared from some of its former habitats. Recent surveys in Uganda have only found two distant populations-one in the Sio River on the Uganda-Kenya border (0” I3’53”N, 34”00’30’E), and the second in the Kagera River on the Uganda-Tanzania border (0°56’28.1”S, 3 1’46’ 18”E) (Rutaisire 2003) (Fig. 1). Currently, there is growing interest to breed the fish for wild stock enhancement and culture as a food fish.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Rutaisire, Justus , Booth, Anthony J
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124789 , vital:35697 , https://doi.10.1111/j.1749-7345.2004.tb00102.x
- Description: Ningu Lubeo victorianus is the only labeine fish within Lake Victoria and its catchment (Greenwood 1966; Reid 1985). This species, once widely distributed in the Lake Victoria basin and supporting a commercial fishery until the late 195Os, has declined due to overfishing (Cadwalladr 1965; Ogutu-Ohwayo 1990; Seehausen 1996). The L. victorianus fishery has not only collapsed but the species has also disappeared from some of its former habitats. Recent surveys in Uganda have only found two distant populations-one in the Sio River on the Uganda-Kenya border (0” I3’53”N, 34”00’30’E), and the second in the Kagera River on the Uganda-Tanzania border (0°56’28.1”S, 3 1’46’ 18”E) (Rutaisire 2003) (Fig. 1). Currently, there is growing interest to breed the fish for wild stock enhancement and culture as a food fish.
- Full Text:
Integrated anaerobic/aerobic bioprocess environments and the biodegradation of complex hydrocarbon wastes
- Authors: Ehlers, George A C
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Hydrocarbons -- Biodegradation Sewage -- Purification -- Anaerobic treatment Water -- Purification -- Biological treatment Anaerobic bacteria Aerobic bacteria
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4011 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004071
- Description: An investigation of the biodegradation of complex hydrocarbon wastes, with emphasis on chlorinated aromatic compounds, in an anaerobic/aerobic bioprocess environment was made. A reactor configuration was developed consisting of linked anaerobic and aerobic reactors which served as the model for a proposed bioremediation strategy targeting subterranean soil/sediment/aquifer chlorinated phenol-contaminated environments. Here oxygen is frequently limited and sulphate is readily available, as occurs especially in marine sediment and intertidal habitats. In the anaerobic system the successful transformation and mobilization of the model contaminant, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, was shown to rely on reductive dechlorination by a sulphate-reducing dependent dechlororespiring co-culture. This was followed in the aerobic system by degradation of the pollutant and its metabolites, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol and phenol, by immobilized white-rot fungi.The strategy was initially investigated separately in laboratory bench- and intermediate scale reactors whereafter reactors were linked to simulate the integrated biodegradation strategy. The application of the fungal reactor to treat an actual waste stream by degrading complex mixtures of hydrocarbons in a waste oil recycling effluent was also investigated. The mineralization of phenol and 2,4,6-TCP by immobilized fungal cultures was studied in pinewood chip and foam glass bead-packed trickling reactors. The reactors were operated in sequencing batch format. Removal efficiency increased over time and elevated influent phenol and TCP (800 and 85 mg.L⁻¹) concentrations were degraded by > 98 % in 24 – 30 h batch cycles. Comparable performance between the packing materials was shown. Uptake by the packing was negligible and stripping of compounds induced by aeration had a minimal effect on biodegradation efficiency. Reactor performances are discussed in relation to sequencing batch operation and nutrient requirements necessary to sustain fungal activity in inert vs. organic material packed systems. It was shown that a co-culture consisting of sulphate-reducing and dechlororespiring bacteria established in fed-batch and soil flasks, as well as pine chip-packed fluidized bed reactors. Results showed reductive dechlorination of 2,4,6-TCP to be in strict dependence on the activity of the sulphate-reducing population, sulphate and lactate concentrations. Transformation to 2,4-DCP, 4-CP and phenol was enhanced in sulphate deficient conditions. Dechlororespiring activity was found to be dependent on the fermentative activity of sulphate-reducing bacteria, and the culture was also shown to mobilize and dechlorinate TCP in soils contaminated with the pollutant. Linking the systems achieved degradation of the compound by > 99 % through fungal mineralization of metabolites produced in the dechlororespiring stage of the system. pH correction to the anaerobic reactor was found to be necessary since acidic effluent from the fungal reactor inhibited sulphate reduction and dechlorination. The fungal reactor system was evaluated at intermediate-scale using a complex waste oil recycling effluent. Substantial COD reduction (> 96 % in 48 h batch cycles) and removal of specific effluent hydrocarbon components was shown in diluted, undiluted (COD > 37 g.L⁻¹) and 2,4,6-TCP-spiked effluents. Industrial application of the fungal reactor was evaluated in a 14 m³ pilot plant operated on-site at a waste oil processing plant.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Ehlers, George A C
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Hydrocarbons -- Biodegradation Sewage -- Purification -- Anaerobic treatment Water -- Purification -- Biological treatment Anaerobic bacteria Aerobic bacteria
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4011 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004071
- Description: An investigation of the biodegradation of complex hydrocarbon wastes, with emphasis on chlorinated aromatic compounds, in an anaerobic/aerobic bioprocess environment was made. A reactor configuration was developed consisting of linked anaerobic and aerobic reactors which served as the model for a proposed bioremediation strategy targeting subterranean soil/sediment/aquifer chlorinated phenol-contaminated environments. Here oxygen is frequently limited and sulphate is readily available, as occurs especially in marine sediment and intertidal habitats. In the anaerobic system the successful transformation and mobilization of the model contaminant, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, was shown to rely on reductive dechlorination by a sulphate-reducing dependent dechlororespiring co-culture. This was followed in the aerobic system by degradation of the pollutant and its metabolites, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol and phenol, by immobilized white-rot fungi.The strategy was initially investigated separately in laboratory bench- and intermediate scale reactors whereafter reactors were linked to simulate the integrated biodegradation strategy. The application of the fungal reactor to treat an actual waste stream by degrading complex mixtures of hydrocarbons in a waste oil recycling effluent was also investigated. The mineralization of phenol and 2,4,6-TCP by immobilized fungal cultures was studied in pinewood chip and foam glass bead-packed trickling reactors. The reactors were operated in sequencing batch format. Removal efficiency increased over time and elevated influent phenol and TCP (800 and 85 mg.L⁻¹) concentrations were degraded by > 98 % in 24 – 30 h batch cycles. Comparable performance between the packing materials was shown. Uptake by the packing was negligible and stripping of compounds induced by aeration had a minimal effect on biodegradation efficiency. Reactor performances are discussed in relation to sequencing batch operation and nutrient requirements necessary to sustain fungal activity in inert vs. organic material packed systems. It was shown that a co-culture consisting of sulphate-reducing and dechlororespiring bacteria established in fed-batch and soil flasks, as well as pine chip-packed fluidized bed reactors. Results showed reductive dechlorination of 2,4,6-TCP to be in strict dependence on the activity of the sulphate-reducing population, sulphate and lactate concentrations. Transformation to 2,4-DCP, 4-CP and phenol was enhanced in sulphate deficient conditions. Dechlororespiring activity was found to be dependent on the fermentative activity of sulphate-reducing bacteria, and the culture was also shown to mobilize and dechlorinate TCP in soils contaminated with the pollutant. Linking the systems achieved degradation of the compound by > 99 % through fungal mineralization of metabolites produced in the dechlororespiring stage of the system. pH correction to the anaerobic reactor was found to be necessary since acidic effluent from the fungal reactor inhibited sulphate reduction and dechlorination. The fungal reactor system was evaluated at intermediate-scale using a complex waste oil recycling effluent. Substantial COD reduction (> 96 % in 48 h batch cycles) and removal of specific effluent hydrocarbon components was shown in diluted, undiluted (COD > 37 g.L⁻¹) and 2,4,6-TCP-spiked effluents. Industrial application of the fungal reactor was evaluated in a 14 m³ pilot plant operated on-site at a waste oil processing plant.
- Full Text:
Interactivity in online journalism: a case study of the interactive nature of Nigeria's online Guardian
- Authors: Folayan, Oluseyi Olukemi
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Guardian (Nigeria) Online journalism Electronic publishing -- Nigeria Electronic newspapers -- Nigeria Electronic news gathering -- Nigeria Nigeria -- Newspapers
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3429 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002883
- Description: Interactivity is a distinguishing feature of the online environment but online newspapers have been slow in recognising interactivity as an essential condition of effective Web communication. Existing research show online newspapers generally offer few and token interactive options. This research explored interactivity in online journalism using Nigeria's online Guardian as a case study exploring the nature, levels and utilisation of interactivity and interactive features on the site. This study found that few interactive options are offered in Nigeria's online Guardian and those interactive options on offer just produced an illusion of interactivity; it was apparent that little effort was made to give interactive options on the site the significant attention they deserve. The study highlighted the difference between the availability and use of interactive features on an online newspaper site: the mere presence of such features does not necessarily speak to the levels or nature of interactivity on the site. The difficulty in obtaining findings for the qualitative aspect of this study spoke significantly to the findings in light of the fact that these were attempts using interactive options provided by the newspaper site. They stress what relevant literature highlights: the mere presence of interactive features is not in itself interactivity . Factors contributing to the low levels of interactivity in Nigeria's online Guardian include lack of technical expertise plus human and financial resources and the persistence of a mindset that hinders the development and integration of new information communication technologies and interactivity in online journalism. Theoretically, the possibilities are vast but the likelihood of translating theory into reality appears slim. For Nigeria's online Guardian to become interactive in a participatory way, it must undergo changes and choices about values, goals and standards. There must be a shift in attitudes and approaches towards news-content production and delivery as well as the problematic commercial aspects of electronic publishing routines and the effect of such choices on management and newsroom organisation.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Folayan, Oluseyi Olukemi
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Guardian (Nigeria) Online journalism Electronic publishing -- Nigeria Electronic newspapers -- Nigeria Electronic news gathering -- Nigeria Nigeria -- Newspapers
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3429 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002883
- Description: Interactivity is a distinguishing feature of the online environment but online newspapers have been slow in recognising interactivity as an essential condition of effective Web communication. Existing research show online newspapers generally offer few and token interactive options. This research explored interactivity in online journalism using Nigeria's online Guardian as a case study exploring the nature, levels and utilisation of interactivity and interactive features on the site. This study found that few interactive options are offered in Nigeria's online Guardian and those interactive options on offer just produced an illusion of interactivity; it was apparent that little effort was made to give interactive options on the site the significant attention they deserve. The study highlighted the difference between the availability and use of interactive features on an online newspaper site: the mere presence of such features does not necessarily speak to the levels or nature of interactivity on the site. The difficulty in obtaining findings for the qualitative aspect of this study spoke significantly to the findings in light of the fact that these were attempts using interactive options provided by the newspaper site. They stress what relevant literature highlights: the mere presence of interactive features is not in itself interactivity . Factors contributing to the low levels of interactivity in Nigeria's online Guardian include lack of technical expertise plus human and financial resources and the persistence of a mindset that hinders the development and integration of new information communication technologies and interactivity in online journalism. Theoretically, the possibilities are vast but the likelihood of translating theory into reality appears slim. For Nigeria's online Guardian to become interactive in a participatory way, it must undergo changes and choices about values, goals and standards. There must be a shift in attitudes and approaches towards news-content production and delivery as well as the problematic commercial aspects of electronic publishing routines and the effect of such choices on management and newsroom organisation.
- Full Text:
Interesting times, 1954-2004: a short history of the Institute of Social and Economic Research, Rhodes University
- Authors: Whisson, Michael G., 1937-
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Research institutes -- South Africa -- History -- 20th century , Social sciences -- Research , Economics -- Research
- Language: English
- Type: Book , text
- Identifier: vital:553 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020595 , ISBN 0868104051
- Description: On entering the Rhodes University Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER) at 6 Prince Alfred Street, visitors are confronted by a glass cabinet in which is displayed the four volumes of the Keiskammahoek Rural Survey (1947-1952); six of the volumes which emanated from the Border Regional Survey (1956-1964) of which three are the Xhosa in Town trilogy, and a modest paperback From Reserve To Region (1997), which records the changes which took place in Keiskammahoek between the birth of apartheid in 1948 and its demise in 1994. Together these may be seen as the charter documents of the ISER - rooted in empirical research in the Eastern Cape, multidisciplinary, substantial works of scholarship and, in the case of The Xhosa in Town trilogy, at least, of international repute.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Whisson, Michael G., 1937-
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Research institutes -- South Africa -- History -- 20th century , Social sciences -- Research , Economics -- Research
- Language: English
- Type: Book , text
- Identifier: vital:553 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020595 , ISBN 0868104051
- Description: On entering the Rhodes University Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER) at 6 Prince Alfred Street, visitors are confronted by a glass cabinet in which is displayed the four volumes of the Keiskammahoek Rural Survey (1947-1952); six of the volumes which emanated from the Border Regional Survey (1956-1964) of which three are the Xhosa in Town trilogy, and a modest paperback From Reserve To Region (1997), which records the changes which took place in Keiskammahoek between the birth of apartheid in 1948 and its demise in 1994. Together these may be seen as the charter documents of the ISER - rooted in empirical research in the Eastern Cape, multidisciplinary, substantial works of scholarship and, in the case of The Xhosa in Town trilogy, at least, of international repute.
- Full Text:
Investigating teaching strategies used by teachers to foster environmental learning in the Namibian Life Science curriculum
- Authors: Hoabes, Rosina
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Life sciences -- Study and teaching -- Namibia Education -- Namibia Teaching -- Namibia Effective teaching -- Namibia Curriculum planning -- Namibia Educational change -- Namibia Environmental education -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1590 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003472
- Description: This study was carried out to investigate the strategies used by teachers to foster environmental learning in the Namibian Life Science curriculum in four schools in Swakopmund, Erongo Education Region. This study is a qualitative case study. I used semi-structured interviews, observation and document analysis as instruments to collect data. Two schools were selected to participate in the case study. Research participants included four teachers (two teachers from each school) of which two teachers are teaching at each school. The study was contextualised through a review of policy changes in Namibian education, which focus on learner-centred education. The study identified six strategies used by teachers to foster environmental learning in the Life Sciences curriculum. These are planning; working with information; practical, excursions and clubs; involving the learners; using visual aids and teaching materials; and choosing topics with a local focus. Through a consideration of the different strategies used by teachers, in relation to the learner-centred nature of the educational reform project in Namibia the study provides insight into the way in which teachers view learner-centred education. The study also illuminates how strategies used by teachers reflect learner-centred education principles and it outlines a number of tensions emerging in the fostering of environmental learning in learner-centred ways. The study identifies further support required by teachers, and makes recommendations which will further enhance the strategies used by teachers to foster the environmental learning focus in Life Sciences, and also enhance learner-centred teaching in Life Science.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Hoabes, Rosina
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Life sciences -- Study and teaching -- Namibia Education -- Namibia Teaching -- Namibia Effective teaching -- Namibia Curriculum planning -- Namibia Educational change -- Namibia Environmental education -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1590 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003472
- Description: This study was carried out to investigate the strategies used by teachers to foster environmental learning in the Namibian Life Science curriculum in four schools in Swakopmund, Erongo Education Region. This study is a qualitative case study. I used semi-structured interviews, observation and document analysis as instruments to collect data. Two schools were selected to participate in the case study. Research participants included four teachers (two teachers from each school) of which two teachers are teaching at each school. The study was contextualised through a review of policy changes in Namibian education, which focus on learner-centred education. The study identified six strategies used by teachers to foster environmental learning in the Life Sciences curriculum. These are planning; working with information; practical, excursions and clubs; involving the learners; using visual aids and teaching materials; and choosing topics with a local focus. Through a consideration of the different strategies used by teachers, in relation to the learner-centred nature of the educational reform project in Namibia the study provides insight into the way in which teachers view learner-centred education. The study also illuminates how strategies used by teachers reflect learner-centred education principles and it outlines a number of tensions emerging in the fostering of environmental learning in learner-centred ways. The study identifies further support required by teachers, and makes recommendations which will further enhance the strategies used by teachers to foster the environmental learning focus in Life Sciences, and also enhance learner-centred teaching in Life Science.
- Full Text:
Investigation of the larval parasitoids of the false codling moth, Cryptophlebia Leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), on citrus in South Africa
- Authors: Sishuba, Nomahlubi
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Cryptophlebia leucotreta , Tortricidae , Cryptophlebia leucotreta -- Control , Pests -- Biological control , Parasitoids , Citrus -- Diseases and pests
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5918 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016267
- Description: The study examined the larval parasitoids of Cryptophlebia leucotreta (Meyrick) on citrus in South Africa and aimed to improve the existing rearing techniques of C. leucotreta with a view to mass rearing of biological control agents. The biological characteristics of Agathis bishopi Nixon (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) were studied, with an emphasis on parasitism rates in the field, host stage preference, developmental rate, life span and offspring sex ratios. Two larval parasitoids, A. bishopi and Apophua leucotretae (Wilkinson) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), and an egg parasitoid, Trichogrammatoidea cryptophlebiae Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), were recorded on C. leucotreta on citrus. A. bishopi was the more abundant of the larval parasitoids and exhibited density dependent parasitism. The highest parasitism rates were observed in December with up to 38% in Sundays River Valley and 34% in Gamtoos River Valley, at a time when the highest false codling moth infestations were observed. Agathis bishopi was recorded only in the Eastern Cape Province. The sex ratio of A. bishopi was biased towards females throughout the study (77% in Gamtoos River Valley and 72% in Sundays River Valley). Agathis bishopi is a solitary, koinobiont, larval-pupal endoparasitoid. The species showed a preference for 1st and 2"d instar hosts. Females regulate the sex of their progeny according to the size and larval stage of the host, ovipositing unfertilised eggs in younger, smaller larvae (1st instars) and fertilised eggs in older, larger larvae (2nd instars). The developmental rate of A. bishopi is in synchrony with that of the moth and adults emerge when adult moths that have escaped parasitism emerge. Agathis bishopi and T. cryptophlebiae compliment each other because they have different niches and strategies of attack. Integrating A. bishopi and T. cryptophlebiae into the management of citrus orchards has potential to suppress false codling moth. Larger rearing containers seemed ideal for large-scale rearing of false codling moth. A higher percentage of adults was obtained from larvae reared in larger containers than in smaller ones. The width of the sponges used as stoppers prevented escape of the larvae. Media prepared in larger containers are easier and simpler to prepare than in smaller ones, thus eliminating many precautions otherwise necessary to prevent contamination. Moth production was greatly reduced by the high concentration of Sporekill used for egg decontamination.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Sishuba, Nomahlubi
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Cryptophlebia leucotreta , Tortricidae , Cryptophlebia leucotreta -- Control , Pests -- Biological control , Parasitoids , Citrus -- Diseases and pests
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5918 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016267
- Description: The study examined the larval parasitoids of Cryptophlebia leucotreta (Meyrick) on citrus in South Africa and aimed to improve the existing rearing techniques of C. leucotreta with a view to mass rearing of biological control agents. The biological characteristics of Agathis bishopi Nixon (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) were studied, with an emphasis on parasitism rates in the field, host stage preference, developmental rate, life span and offspring sex ratios. Two larval parasitoids, A. bishopi and Apophua leucotretae (Wilkinson) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), and an egg parasitoid, Trichogrammatoidea cryptophlebiae Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), were recorded on C. leucotreta on citrus. A. bishopi was the more abundant of the larval parasitoids and exhibited density dependent parasitism. The highest parasitism rates were observed in December with up to 38% in Sundays River Valley and 34% in Gamtoos River Valley, at a time when the highest false codling moth infestations were observed. Agathis bishopi was recorded only in the Eastern Cape Province. The sex ratio of A. bishopi was biased towards females throughout the study (77% in Gamtoos River Valley and 72% in Sundays River Valley). Agathis bishopi is a solitary, koinobiont, larval-pupal endoparasitoid. The species showed a preference for 1st and 2"d instar hosts. Females regulate the sex of their progeny according to the size and larval stage of the host, ovipositing unfertilised eggs in younger, smaller larvae (1st instars) and fertilised eggs in older, larger larvae (2nd instars). The developmental rate of A. bishopi is in synchrony with that of the moth and adults emerge when adult moths that have escaped parasitism emerge. Agathis bishopi and T. cryptophlebiae compliment each other because they have different niches and strategies of attack. Integrating A. bishopi and T. cryptophlebiae into the management of citrus orchards has potential to suppress false codling moth. Larger rearing containers seemed ideal for large-scale rearing of false codling moth. A higher percentage of adults was obtained from larvae reared in larger containers than in smaller ones. The width of the sponges used as stoppers prevented escape of the larvae. Media prepared in larger containers are easier and simpler to prepare than in smaller ones, thus eliminating many precautions otherwise necessary to prevent contamination. Moth production was greatly reduced by the high concentration of Sporekill used for egg decontamination.
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Investigations into the nutritional requirements of juvenile dusky kob, Argyrosomus japonicus (Pisces sciaendae), under ambient culture conditions
- Authors: Daniel, Simon James
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Argyrosomus -- Nutrition -- Requirements , Sciaenidae -- Nutrition -- Requirements , Fishes -- Food , Fishes -- Growth , Fish culture , Fishes -- Nutrition -- Requirements
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5197 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002602 , Argyrosomus -- Nutrition -- Requirements , Sciaenidae -- Nutrition -- Requirements , Fishes -- Food , Fishes -- Growth , Fish culture , Fishes -- Nutrition -- Requirements
- Description: The effect of dietary protein, protein and energy ratios, fish meal replacement by Soya bean meal and feeding frequency was investigated on the growth, feed efficiency and body composition, of juvenile dusky kob, Argyrosomus japonicus. The effect of dietary protein levels was investigated by comparing isocaloric diets containing 35, 40, 45 and 55% protein. Dietary protein inclusion level significantly affected specific growth rates, feed efficiency and body composition (in terms of fat deposition) and results show that a minimum of 45% and maximum of 52.3% dietary protein is optimal. The protein and energy requirements were investigated by comparing three protein levels (35,40 and 45%) with three lipid levels (6, 9 and 12%) in a 3x3 factorial design. A diet 45% protein and 9% lipid, with a P: E ratio of29 mglkJ and DE of 15.5 kJ/g resulted in an optimal specific growth rate (1.6± 0.2), feed efficiency (FCR= 1.7±0.44; PER= 1.36) and body composition for A. japonicus. To investigate the effect of partial fish meal replacement by Soya bean meal (SBM) in the diet, 20-50% of the protein from fish meal was substituted by protein from SBM, and were compared with a control diet containing only fish meal. No significant differences in the specific growth rates, feed efficiencies and the body composition were recorded for the fish fed the control diet and for fish fed the 20 and 30% SBM treatments. Results show that up to 30% of the protein from fish meal can be replaced with protein from SBM in the diet of this species. The effect of feeding frequency and gut evacuation time was investigated by comparing four feeding frequencies. Fish were fed to satiation either once, twice, three or four times a day. Feed intake was significantly affected by feeding frequency and fish fed 2, 3 and 4 meals a day ate significantly more food (p< 0.05) than the fish fed one meal a day. No significant differences (p> 0.05) in the specific growth rates, feed efficiencies and body composition were recorded for fish fed 2, 3 and 4 times a day. Feed intake was used to calculate an optimal daily ration and feeding two meals a day resulted in an optimal daily ration of 4% BW/day. A gut evacuation time of 7.25 hours indicates that fish fed twice a day probably had sufficient time to digest their food and evacuate their guts, resulting in the same daily feed intake as fish given 3 and 4 meals a day. Results conclude that under the present experimental conditions, a minimum daily ration of 4% BW/day, fed twice a day (in the morning and evening) is required for optimal growth (SGR= 1.33± 0.1), feed efficiency (FCR= 1.96± 0.4; PER= 1.44± 0.2) and body composition in juvenile dusky kob.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Daniel, Simon James
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Argyrosomus -- Nutrition -- Requirements , Sciaenidae -- Nutrition -- Requirements , Fishes -- Food , Fishes -- Growth , Fish culture , Fishes -- Nutrition -- Requirements
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5197 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002602 , Argyrosomus -- Nutrition -- Requirements , Sciaenidae -- Nutrition -- Requirements , Fishes -- Food , Fishes -- Growth , Fish culture , Fishes -- Nutrition -- Requirements
- Description: The effect of dietary protein, protein and energy ratios, fish meal replacement by Soya bean meal and feeding frequency was investigated on the growth, feed efficiency and body composition, of juvenile dusky kob, Argyrosomus japonicus. The effect of dietary protein levels was investigated by comparing isocaloric diets containing 35, 40, 45 and 55% protein. Dietary protein inclusion level significantly affected specific growth rates, feed efficiency and body composition (in terms of fat deposition) and results show that a minimum of 45% and maximum of 52.3% dietary protein is optimal. The protein and energy requirements were investigated by comparing three protein levels (35,40 and 45%) with three lipid levels (6, 9 and 12%) in a 3x3 factorial design. A diet 45% protein and 9% lipid, with a P: E ratio of29 mglkJ and DE of 15.5 kJ/g resulted in an optimal specific growth rate (1.6± 0.2), feed efficiency (FCR= 1.7±0.44; PER= 1.36) and body composition for A. japonicus. To investigate the effect of partial fish meal replacement by Soya bean meal (SBM) in the diet, 20-50% of the protein from fish meal was substituted by protein from SBM, and were compared with a control diet containing only fish meal. No significant differences in the specific growth rates, feed efficiencies and the body composition were recorded for the fish fed the control diet and for fish fed the 20 and 30% SBM treatments. Results show that up to 30% of the protein from fish meal can be replaced with protein from SBM in the diet of this species. The effect of feeding frequency and gut evacuation time was investigated by comparing four feeding frequencies. Fish were fed to satiation either once, twice, three or four times a day. Feed intake was significantly affected by feeding frequency and fish fed 2, 3 and 4 meals a day ate significantly more food (p< 0.05) than the fish fed one meal a day. No significant differences (p> 0.05) in the specific growth rates, feed efficiencies and body composition were recorded for fish fed 2, 3 and 4 times a day. Feed intake was used to calculate an optimal daily ration and feeding two meals a day resulted in an optimal daily ration of 4% BW/day. A gut evacuation time of 7.25 hours indicates that fish fed twice a day probably had sufficient time to digest their food and evacuate their guts, resulting in the same daily feed intake as fish given 3 and 4 meals a day. Results conclude that under the present experimental conditions, a minimum daily ration of 4% BW/day, fed twice a day (in the morning and evening) is required for optimal growth (SGR= 1.33± 0.1), feed efficiency (FCR= 1.96± 0.4; PER= 1.44± 0.2) and body composition in juvenile dusky kob.
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Iris colour in passerine birds: why be bright-eyed?
- Craig, Adrian J F K, Hulley, Patrick E
- Authors: Craig, Adrian J F K , Hulley, Patrick E
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6902 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011756
- Description: An initial survey of iris coloration in passerine birds (Aves: Passeriformes) showed that a brightly pigmented iris is much more common in southern African and Australian birds than in those from Europe, temperate North America, and Venezuela. However, the only statistical correlation reflected the distribution of particular bird families in these regions. Ten family-level groups considered to represent monophyletic taxa were then selected for a more detailed analysis, comparing iris coloration with distribution, status, taxonomy, plumage patterns, and some biological and behavioural characters for 1143 species. No pattern associating iris colour with particular traits was common to all families, but within families there were statistically significant associations with both plumage and biology. Our expectation that social behaviour would be an important predictor of iris colour was not supported, but critical information is still lacking for many species. Future studies of avian behavioural ecology should examine critically the role of iris coloration in individual species. , Rhodes Centenary issue
- Full Text:
- Authors: Craig, Adrian J F K , Hulley, Patrick E
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6902 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011756
- Description: An initial survey of iris coloration in passerine birds (Aves: Passeriformes) showed that a brightly pigmented iris is much more common in southern African and Australian birds than in those from Europe, temperate North America, and Venezuela. However, the only statistical correlation reflected the distribution of particular bird families in these regions. Ten family-level groups considered to represent monophyletic taxa were then selected for a more detailed analysis, comparing iris coloration with distribution, status, taxonomy, plumage patterns, and some biological and behavioural characters for 1143 species. No pattern associating iris colour with particular traits was common to all families, but within families there were statistically significant associations with both plumage and biology. Our expectation that social behaviour would be an important predictor of iris colour was not supported, but critical information is still lacking for many species. Future studies of avian behavioural ecology should examine critically the role of iris coloration in individual species. , Rhodes Centenary issue
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Irony and transcendence on the Renaissance stage
- Authors: Wright, Laurence
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: vital:7067 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007455 , https://doi.org/10.1484/M.CURSOR-EB.3.4728
- Description: preprint , This is the concluding essay in a collection entitled 'This Earthly Stage'. The chapter argues that the peculiar task of the stage metaphor - the notion of the theatre as a metaphor for life,which involves complex interactions between rarefied intellectual constructions of life and mundane reality - is to interrogate the tension between an inscrutable cosmic order and the limited viewpoints of ordinary humanity.The piece moves from general considerations of irony and dramatic irony, via an analysis of Kyd's The Spanish Tragedy, to comments on Petrarch, Pico and Vives, culminating in a consideration of irony and transcendence in Shakespeare's last plays.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Wright, Laurence
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: vital:7067 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007455 , https://doi.org/10.1484/M.CURSOR-EB.3.4728
- Description: preprint , This is the concluding essay in a collection entitled 'This Earthly Stage'. The chapter argues that the peculiar task of the stage metaphor - the notion of the theatre as a metaphor for life,which involves complex interactions between rarefied intellectual constructions of life and mundane reality - is to interrogate the tension between an inscrutable cosmic order and the limited viewpoints of ordinary humanity.The piece moves from general considerations of irony and dramatic irony, via an analysis of Kyd's The Spanish Tragedy, to comments on Petrarch, Pico and Vives, culminating in a consideration of irony and transcendence in Shakespeare's last plays.
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Isolation of genes encoding heat shock protein 70 (hsp70s) from the coelacanth, Latimeria chalumnae
- Modisakeng, Keoagile W, Dorrington, Rosemary A, Blatch, Gregory L
- Authors: Modisakeng, Keoagile W , Dorrington, Rosemary A , Blatch, Gregory L
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6459 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005788
- Description: Under stress conditions, proteins unfold or misfold, leading to the formation of aggregates. Molecular chaperones can be defined as proteins that facilitate the correct folding of other proteins, so that they attain a stable tertiary structure. In addition, they promote the refolding and degradation of denatured proteins after cellular stress. Heat shock proteins form one of the main classes of molecular chaperones. We are interested in determining if the genome of the coelacanth (Latimeria chalumnae) encodes a heat shock protein-based cytoprotection mechanism. We have isolated 50 kb and larger coelacanth genomic DNA from frozen skin tissue of L. chalumnae. From the alignments of several fish Hsp70 proteins, conserved regions at the N- and C-termini were identified. Codon usage tables were constructed from published coelacanth genes and degenerate primers were designed to isolate the full-length hsp70 gene and regions encoding the ATPase and the peptide binding domains. Since it is known that the tilapia and Fugu inducible hsp70 genes are intronless, we proceeded on the assumption that a coelacanth inducible hsp70 would also be intronless. A large fragment (1840 bp) encoding most of a coelacanth Hsp70 protein, and two partial fragments encoding a coelacanth Hsp70ATPase domain (1048 bp) and peptide binding domain (873 bp), were isolated by polymerase chain reaction amplification. Protein sequences translated from all the nucleotide sequences were closely identical to typical Hsp70s. This is the first study to provide evidence for a cytoprotection mechanism in the coelacanth involving an inducible Hsp70.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Modisakeng, Keoagile W , Dorrington, Rosemary A , Blatch, Gregory L
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6459 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005788
- Description: Under stress conditions, proteins unfold or misfold, leading to the formation of aggregates. Molecular chaperones can be defined as proteins that facilitate the correct folding of other proteins, so that they attain a stable tertiary structure. In addition, they promote the refolding and degradation of denatured proteins after cellular stress. Heat shock proteins form one of the main classes of molecular chaperones. We are interested in determining if the genome of the coelacanth (Latimeria chalumnae) encodes a heat shock protein-based cytoprotection mechanism. We have isolated 50 kb and larger coelacanth genomic DNA from frozen skin tissue of L. chalumnae. From the alignments of several fish Hsp70 proteins, conserved regions at the N- and C-termini were identified. Codon usage tables were constructed from published coelacanth genes and degenerate primers were designed to isolate the full-length hsp70 gene and regions encoding the ATPase and the peptide binding domains. Since it is known that the tilapia and Fugu inducible hsp70 genes are intronless, we proceeded on the assumption that a coelacanth inducible hsp70 would also be intronless. A large fragment (1840 bp) encoding most of a coelacanth Hsp70 protein, and two partial fragments encoding a coelacanth Hsp70ATPase domain (1048 bp) and peptide binding domain (873 bp), were isolated by polymerase chain reaction amplification. Protein sequences translated from all the nucleotide sequences were closely identical to typical Hsp70s. This is the first study to provide evidence for a cytoprotection mechanism in the coelacanth involving an inducible Hsp70.
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Jah children the experience of Rastafari children in South Africa as members of a minority group with particular reference to communities in the former Cape Province
- Authors: Bain, Pauline
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Rastafari movement -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rastafari movement -- South Africa -- Western Cape , Rastafari movement -- South Africa -- Northern Cape , Reggae music -- South Africa -- History and criticism , Rastafarian ethics -- South Africa , Rastafari movement -- Doctrines , Children of minorities -- South Africa -- Education , Socialization -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2087 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002650 , Rastafari movement -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rastafari movement -- South Africa -- Western Cape , Rastafari movement -- South Africa -- Northern Cape , Reggae music -- South Africa -- History and criticism , Rastafarian ethics -- South Africa , Rastafari movement -- Doctrines , Children of minorities -- South Africa -- Education , Socialization -- South Africa
- Description: This thesis is an ethnography of Rastafari childhood in the former Cape Province, South Africa, through the eyes of both parents and children. If children are a ‘muted group’, then what are the identity formation implications for “double-muted” groups, the children of ethnic minorities whose voices are not heard? Rasta parents’ experience of the struggle, ie. the opposition to apartheid, has shaped the Rastafari chant of ‘equal rights’ and ‘justice’ into a distinctly South African form of protest and resistance. Their childhood experiences have resulted in a desire to provide a better life for their children, using Rastafari as a vehicle. This is expressed in a continuation of the struggle that was started during apartheid, in the Rasta ideology children grow up learning. The Rasta child has become a contested body in this struggle. The South African Government, through policy, has a mandate to protect the child, and legislature exists to do so in accordance with international law. However, as child-raising differs phenomenally from culture to culture, these goals on the part of the State start infringing upon the rights and freedoms of minorities to raise their children according to their own cultural goals. This study examines the tension between Rastafari and government with regards to child raising, specifically looking at the following main points of contestation: public health, public schools and policy/legislation; in order to examine how Rasta children negotiate their identity in the face of these conflicting messages and struggles. Their identity can be influenced by three main groups, the Rasta family they grow up in; school; and multi-media. What these children choose to accept or reject in their worldview is moderated by their own agency. This study shows that this tension results in a new generation of Rastafari children, who are strongly grounded in an identity as Rastafari and take pride in this identity. It also illustrates how Rastafari are impacting on and changing government policy through resistance. Their successes in challenging the state on the grounds of multiculturalism and religious freedom, has helped in the attainment of a sense of dignity.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Bain, Pauline
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Rastafari movement -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rastafari movement -- South Africa -- Western Cape , Rastafari movement -- South Africa -- Northern Cape , Reggae music -- South Africa -- History and criticism , Rastafarian ethics -- South Africa , Rastafari movement -- Doctrines , Children of minorities -- South Africa -- Education , Socialization -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2087 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002650 , Rastafari movement -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rastafari movement -- South Africa -- Western Cape , Rastafari movement -- South Africa -- Northern Cape , Reggae music -- South Africa -- History and criticism , Rastafarian ethics -- South Africa , Rastafari movement -- Doctrines , Children of minorities -- South Africa -- Education , Socialization -- South Africa
- Description: This thesis is an ethnography of Rastafari childhood in the former Cape Province, South Africa, through the eyes of both parents and children. If children are a ‘muted group’, then what are the identity formation implications for “double-muted” groups, the children of ethnic minorities whose voices are not heard? Rasta parents’ experience of the struggle, ie. the opposition to apartheid, has shaped the Rastafari chant of ‘equal rights’ and ‘justice’ into a distinctly South African form of protest and resistance. Their childhood experiences have resulted in a desire to provide a better life for their children, using Rastafari as a vehicle. This is expressed in a continuation of the struggle that was started during apartheid, in the Rasta ideology children grow up learning. The Rasta child has become a contested body in this struggle. The South African Government, through policy, has a mandate to protect the child, and legislature exists to do so in accordance with international law. However, as child-raising differs phenomenally from culture to culture, these goals on the part of the State start infringing upon the rights and freedoms of minorities to raise their children according to their own cultural goals. This study examines the tension between Rastafari and government with regards to child raising, specifically looking at the following main points of contestation: public health, public schools and policy/legislation; in order to examine how Rasta children negotiate their identity in the face of these conflicting messages and struggles. Their identity can be influenced by three main groups, the Rasta family they grow up in; school; and multi-media. What these children choose to accept or reject in their worldview is moderated by their own agency. This study shows that this tension results in a new generation of Rastafari children, who are strongly grounded in an identity as Rastafari and take pride in this identity. It also illustrates how Rastafari are impacting on and changing government policy through resistance. Their successes in challenging the state on the grounds of multiculturalism and religious freedom, has helped in the attainment of a sense of dignity.
- Full Text:
Journeys of the learning soul: Plato to Descartes
- Authors: Hugo, Wayne
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Education -- Philosophy Education -- History Education, Ancient Education, Greek
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1884 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005917
- Description: This thesis aims to build up a picture of what it has meant for us within the western canon to educate a human being through the depths and heights of existence. It uses narrative accounts of educational journeys from ancient, medieval and early modern sources to develop an integral picture of the spectrum of education along with the techniques and fore-structures needed to guide a student through the various stages and encounters. Key metaphors, journeys and relationships - Diotirna's ladder of beauty, Plato's cave, Philo's Abraham and Sarah, Origen's bride and Bridegroom, Plotinus' journey of the alone to the Alone, Augustine's Confessions, the tragic love of Abelard and Heloise, Dante's encounters in the infernal, purgatorial and paradisical realms of human experience, Shakespeare's great playing within the same realm, and Descartes' doubting genius provide a rich ensemble, each resonating with the next, opening out intellectual, affective, volitional, and imaginative paths through the full terrain of human existence. This multidimensional approach points towards a flexible and insightful pedagogics that works with the enormous variety and capacity of human learning rather than heavy-handedly insisting on one path, or, even worse, not recognizing and dealing with specific areas of human living that occur in the upper and lower reaches of our educational endeavours. Phenomenological, Hermeneutic and Integral methods suggested by Heidegger and Wilber amongst others were used to inform the process of research. The results of this thesis are not contained in its reconunendations but in the effects of its reading. It is itself a tool that embodies and encourages the principles of an educational tradition that has existed within the history of western learning, not seeking a return to ancient or medieval ways but to provide a backlight that assists current initiatives working with the full range of human potential.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Hugo, Wayne
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Education -- Philosophy Education -- History Education, Ancient Education, Greek
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1884 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005917
- Description: This thesis aims to build up a picture of what it has meant for us within the western canon to educate a human being through the depths and heights of existence. It uses narrative accounts of educational journeys from ancient, medieval and early modern sources to develop an integral picture of the spectrum of education along with the techniques and fore-structures needed to guide a student through the various stages and encounters. Key metaphors, journeys and relationships - Diotirna's ladder of beauty, Plato's cave, Philo's Abraham and Sarah, Origen's bride and Bridegroom, Plotinus' journey of the alone to the Alone, Augustine's Confessions, the tragic love of Abelard and Heloise, Dante's encounters in the infernal, purgatorial and paradisical realms of human experience, Shakespeare's great playing within the same realm, and Descartes' doubting genius provide a rich ensemble, each resonating with the next, opening out intellectual, affective, volitional, and imaginative paths through the full terrain of human existence. This multidimensional approach points towards a flexible and insightful pedagogics that works with the enormous variety and capacity of human learning rather than heavy-handedly insisting on one path, or, even worse, not recognizing and dealing with specific areas of human living that occur in the upper and lower reaches of our educational endeavours. Phenomenological, Hermeneutic and Integral methods suggested by Heidegger and Wilber amongst others were used to inform the process of research. The results of this thesis are not contained in its reconunendations but in the effects of its reading. It is itself a tool that embodies and encourages the principles of an educational tradition that has existed within the history of western learning, not seeking a return to ancient or medieval ways but to provide a backlight that assists current initiatives working with the full range of human potential.
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Justifiability as grounds for the review of labour arbitration proceedings
- Authors: Young, Kirsty Leigh
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: South Africa. Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration Mediation and conciliation, Industrial -- South Africa Arbitration, Industrial -- South Africa Arbitration, Industrial -- Law and legislation -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: vital:3666 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003070
- Description: This thesis focuses on the review of labour arbitration awards given under the auspices of the following bodies: the Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration ("CCMA"), bargaining councils, statutory councils, accredited private agencies and private arbitration tribunals. The general grounds of review applicable to the arbitration awards of each body are set out. Against this background, the case of Carephone (Pty) Ltd v Marcus NO & Others (1998) 19 ILJ 1425 (LAC) is analysed and the principles pertaining to the justifiability test are clarified. The judicial rationale for the application of the test to CCMA arbitration proceedings and criticisms of the test are then examined. Currently the justifiability test applies in the review of CCMA proceedings only, so the judicial reasoning for the rejection of justifiability as a ground for private arbitration review is examined. Three approaches are suggested for the application of the justifiability test in private arbitration review. First it is proposed that the Arbitration Act could be interpreted to include the justifiability test under the statutory review grounds. Failing the acceptance of this approach, the second submission is that arbitration agreements could be interpreted to include an implied term that the arbitrator is under a duty to give justifiable awards. A third suggestion is that the law should be developed by attaching an ex lege term to all arbitration agreements requiring arbitrators to give justifiable awards. In the final chapter, the requirement of justifiability in awards given under the auspices of collective bargaining agents and accredited private agencies highlights the incongruity in applying the justifiability test in CCMA arbitration review and in rejecting this test in private arbitration review.
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- Authors: Young, Kirsty Leigh
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: South Africa. Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration Mediation and conciliation, Industrial -- South Africa Arbitration, Industrial -- South Africa Arbitration, Industrial -- Law and legislation -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: vital:3666 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003070
- Description: This thesis focuses on the review of labour arbitration awards given under the auspices of the following bodies: the Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration ("CCMA"), bargaining councils, statutory councils, accredited private agencies and private arbitration tribunals. The general grounds of review applicable to the arbitration awards of each body are set out. Against this background, the case of Carephone (Pty) Ltd v Marcus NO & Others (1998) 19 ILJ 1425 (LAC) is analysed and the principles pertaining to the justifiability test are clarified. The judicial rationale for the application of the test to CCMA arbitration proceedings and criticisms of the test are then examined. Currently the justifiability test applies in the review of CCMA proceedings only, so the judicial reasoning for the rejection of justifiability as a ground for private arbitration review is examined. Three approaches are suggested for the application of the justifiability test in private arbitration review. First it is proposed that the Arbitration Act could be interpreted to include the justifiability test under the statutory review grounds. Failing the acceptance of this approach, the second submission is that arbitration agreements could be interpreted to include an implied term that the arbitrator is under a duty to give justifiable awards. A third suggestion is that the law should be developed by attaching an ex lege term to all arbitration agreements requiring arbitrators to give justifiable awards. In the final chapter, the requirement of justifiability in awards given under the auspices of collective bargaining agents and accredited private agencies highlights the incongruity in applying the justifiability test in CCMA arbitration review and in rejecting this test in private arbitration review.
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Kaleidoscope configurations for reflectance measurement
- Bangay, Shaun D, Radloff, Judith D
- Authors: Bangay, Shaun D , Radloff, Judith D
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/432891 , vital:72910 , https://doi.org/10.1145/1029949.1029979
- Description: Simulations of different configurations of the symmetrical tapered kaleidoscope are performed to assess their merits for measurement of BRDFs and BTFs. The relationship between optimal kaleidoscope layout, and factors such as hardware restrictions and the resolution of the required reflectance function, is derived. The effect on the measurement of the reflectance function of changing these independent variables is examined through the simulation. These experiments highlight issues affecting the measurement of BTFs using kaleidoscopes, and suggest configurations that allow sampling at regular parameter intervals. A number of other kaleidoscope architectures are explored, which offer the benefits of potentially doubling the range of directions that can be sampled, and allowing adaptive control of sample intervals.
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- Authors: Bangay, Shaun D , Radloff, Judith D
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/432891 , vital:72910 , https://doi.org/10.1145/1029949.1029979
- Description: Simulations of different configurations of the symmetrical tapered kaleidoscope are performed to assess their merits for measurement of BRDFs and BTFs. The relationship between optimal kaleidoscope layout, and factors such as hardware restrictions and the resolution of the required reflectance function, is derived. The effect on the measurement of the reflectance function of changing these independent variables is examined through the simulation. These experiments highlight issues affecting the measurement of BTFs using kaleidoscopes, and suggest configurations that allow sampling at regular parameter intervals. A number of other kaleidoscope architectures are explored, which offer the benefits of potentially doubling the range of directions that can be sampled, and allowing adaptive control of sample intervals.
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Knowing what we can't believe
- Authors: Viedge, Nikolai
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Reason , Reasoning , Truth , Explanation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2724 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002854 , Reason , Reasoning , Truth , Explanation
- Description: The aim of this thesis is to examine what affect, if any, finding an argument both unanswerable yet unbelievable has on three purported first-person doxastic constraints. The three proposed constraints are the principle of truth, the principle of adequate reason and the principle of epistemic explanation. In Chapter 1, I lay out the claim of each of these constraints; differentiate them from one another, examine under what conditions they can be said to apply and provide what I take to be the strongest arguments for each of them. In Chapter 2, I explicate what I mean by finding an argument unanswerable yet unbelievable. In Chapters 3, 4 and 5, I detail how it is that finding an argument unanswerable yet unbelievable could constitute a threat to each of these constraints. I conclude that while the principle of adequate reason is undermined in the face of this threat, both the principle of truth and the principle of epistemic explanation fail to be undermined by this challenge.
- Full Text: false
- Authors: Viedge, Nikolai
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Reason , Reasoning , Truth , Explanation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2724 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002854 , Reason , Reasoning , Truth , Explanation
- Description: The aim of this thesis is to examine what affect, if any, finding an argument both unanswerable yet unbelievable has on three purported first-person doxastic constraints. The three proposed constraints are the principle of truth, the principle of adequate reason and the principle of epistemic explanation. In Chapter 1, I lay out the claim of each of these constraints; differentiate them from one another, examine under what conditions they can be said to apply and provide what I take to be the strongest arguments for each of them. In Chapter 2, I explicate what I mean by finding an argument unanswerable yet unbelievable. In Chapters 3, 4 and 5, I detail how it is that finding an argument unanswerable yet unbelievable could constitute a threat to each of these constraints. I conclude that while the principle of adequate reason is undermined in the face of this threat, both the principle of truth and the principle of epistemic explanation fail to be undermined by this challenge.
- Full Text: false
Laboratory investigation of a simulated industrial task pre- and post-ergonomics intervention
- Authors: Renz, Miriam Christina
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Human engineering , Musculoskeletal system -- Diseases , Occupational diseases
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5162 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015806
- Description: The focus of the present study was on the investigation of the effects of an intervention strategy on an industrial task in situ and a simulation of the same task within a laboratory setting. The task of offloading crates from a truck at a local business was simulated in a laboratory setting for rigorous analysis. The effect of an ergonomically sound intervention on selected physical, physiological and perceptual variables was evaluated in a test - retest experimental set-up using 28 young, healthy male students. Each of the two experimental conditions lasted for 16 minutes. In the pre-intervention task subjects were required to transfer the crates from one point to another by sliding them along the floor. During the execution of the post-intervention task responses to reductions in the stacking height and modifications of the working method were evaluated. Results obtained for spinal kinematics during the simulated industrial task indicated a high biomechanical risk, due to large ranges of motion, high velocities and accelerations in the sagittal and transverse planes. The heavy workload of the task was also evident in elevated physiological responses (HR, RF, VT, VE, VO2, RQ, EE) and perceptual ratings (RPE, Body Discomfort). Assessment of the intervention strategy revealed that the high risk industrial task was reduced to moderate acceptable, with measurements of spinal kinematics, physiological and perceptual variables being significantly reduced. An in situ re-assessment of the workers responses to the intervention also elicited reductions in heart rates and perceptual ratings compared to the original task.
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- Authors: Renz, Miriam Christina
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Human engineering , Musculoskeletal system -- Diseases , Occupational diseases
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5162 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015806
- Description: The focus of the present study was on the investigation of the effects of an intervention strategy on an industrial task in situ and a simulation of the same task within a laboratory setting. The task of offloading crates from a truck at a local business was simulated in a laboratory setting for rigorous analysis. The effect of an ergonomically sound intervention on selected physical, physiological and perceptual variables was evaluated in a test - retest experimental set-up using 28 young, healthy male students. Each of the two experimental conditions lasted for 16 minutes. In the pre-intervention task subjects were required to transfer the crates from one point to another by sliding them along the floor. During the execution of the post-intervention task responses to reductions in the stacking height and modifications of the working method were evaluated. Results obtained for spinal kinematics during the simulated industrial task indicated a high biomechanical risk, due to large ranges of motion, high velocities and accelerations in the sagittal and transverse planes. The heavy workload of the task was also evident in elevated physiological responses (HR, RF, VT, VE, VO2, RQ, EE) and perceptual ratings (RPE, Body Discomfort). Assessment of the intervention strategy revealed that the high risk industrial task was reduced to moderate acceptable, with measurements of spinal kinematics, physiological and perceptual variables being significantly reduced. An in situ re-assessment of the workers responses to the intervention also elicited reductions in heart rates and perceptual ratings compared to the original task.
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