Local Knowledge as a Source of Community Resilience: IKS community Development and Resilience
- Shava, Soul, Zazu, Clayton, Tidball, Keith, O'Donoghue, Rob B
- Authors: Shava, Soul , Zazu, Clayton , Tidball, Keith , O'Donoghue, Rob B
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/433052 , vital:72928 , xlink:href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC61567"
- Description: Local knowledge can serve a source of local community resilience that provides an enabling capacity for people to sustain their livelihoods and adapt to environmental changes or new environments. This knowledge was evidenced as capable of resurfacing when contingent opportunities arise. This contribution draws upon case studies of emerging self-mobilised social learning processes in the recollection and application of agricultural knowledge as revealed in immigrant gardeners' narratives in New York City, United States and narratives from relocated farming communities in Sebakwe, Zimbabwe. In these narratives the communities draw upon their reserves of local knowledge to respond to changes within their local environments. Such knowledge can serve as a source of community resilience through enabling people to sustain their livelihoods and community wellbeing, and thus adapt to environmental changes and displacement.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Shava, Soul , Zazu, Clayton , Tidball, Keith , O'Donoghue, Rob B
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/433052 , vital:72928 , xlink:href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC61567"
- Description: Local knowledge can serve a source of local community resilience that provides an enabling capacity for people to sustain their livelihoods and adapt to environmental changes or new environments. This knowledge was evidenced as capable of resurfacing when contingent opportunities arise. This contribution draws upon case studies of emerging self-mobilised social learning processes in the recollection and application of agricultural knowledge as revealed in immigrant gardeners' narratives in New York City, United States and narratives from relocated farming communities in Sebakwe, Zimbabwe. In these narratives the communities draw upon their reserves of local knowledge to respond to changes within their local environments. Such knowledge can serve as a source of community resilience through enabling people to sustain their livelihoods and community wellbeing, and thus adapt to environmental changes and displacement.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Low-Valent Titanium Induced Carbonyl Coupling Reactions
- Authors: Jumbam, Ndze Denis
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Carbonyl compounds -- Reactivity Carbonyl compounds
- Language: English
- Type: text , Lectures
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/812 , vital:29827
- Description: Interest in the use of low-valent titanium species as reagents in organic synthesis began with Van Tamelen and his research team in 1965, when they reported the first ever low-valent titanium-induced reductive dimerization of alcohols to give hydrocarbons [1]. In the early seventies shortly after the Van Tamelen report, the research teams of Mukaiyama,[2] Tyrlik[3] and McMurry[4] made the independent and simultaneous discovery that ketones and aldehydes undergo reductive dimerization to yield olefins on treatment with low-valent titanium reagents. Particularly McMurry and his co-workers [5,6,7] have extensively investigated this reaction, therefore this process is now generally referred to as the “McMurry reaction”.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Jumbam, Ndze Denis
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Carbonyl compounds -- Reactivity Carbonyl compounds
- Language: English
- Type: text , Lectures
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/812 , vital:29827
- Description: Interest in the use of low-valent titanium species as reagents in organic synthesis began with Van Tamelen and his research team in 1965, when they reported the first ever low-valent titanium-induced reductive dimerization of alcohols to give hydrocarbons [1]. In the early seventies shortly after the Van Tamelen report, the research teams of Mukaiyama,[2] Tyrlik[3] and McMurry[4] made the independent and simultaneous discovery that ketones and aldehydes undergo reductive dimerization to yield olefins on treatment with low-valent titanium reagents. Particularly McMurry and his co-workers [5,6,7] have extensively investigated this reaction, therefore this process is now generally referred to as the “McMurry reaction”.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Luminescence lifetime components in quartz: influence of irradiation and annealing
- Chithambo, Makaiko L, Ogundare, F O
- Authors: Chithambo, Makaiko L , Ogundare, F O
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6811 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004304
- Description: Pulsed optically stimulated luminescence measured from quartz under certain combinations of annealing and measurement temperature can be resolved into multiple lifetime components. We have studied the influence on these lifetime components of annealing temperature up to 900 °C, beta irradiation dose as high as 1700 Gy, and temperature of stimulation up to 200 °C. Although the time-resolved spectra from which the lifetimes are determined may be measured without heating between irradiation and measurement, a necessary protocol in steady-state optical stimulation applications, studies reported in this paper have been augmented with investigations on the effect of temperature and duration of preheating on the principal and secondary lifetimes. Luminescence spectra for measurements up to 200 Gy consist of a single lifetime but two components occur thereafter, both are independent of radiation dose. The principal lifetime of 35 μs is not affected by temperature of anneal whereas the secondary lifetime increases from 9 to 18 μs when the annealing temperature is changed from 600 to 900 °C. The dependence of both the principal and secondary luminescence lifetimes on measurement temperature can be explained by thermal quenching of the associated luminescence. However, the influence of irradiation, preheating, and annealing on the lifetimes can be explained with reference to an energy band scheme in which the primary mechanism in the processes leading up to luminescence emission is the change in concentration of holes at various luminescence centres caused by annealing.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Chithambo, Makaiko L , Ogundare, F O
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6811 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004304
- Description: Pulsed optically stimulated luminescence measured from quartz under certain combinations of annealing and measurement temperature can be resolved into multiple lifetime components. We have studied the influence on these lifetime components of annealing temperature up to 900 °C, beta irradiation dose as high as 1700 Gy, and temperature of stimulation up to 200 °C. Although the time-resolved spectra from which the lifetimes are determined may be measured without heating between irradiation and measurement, a necessary protocol in steady-state optical stimulation applications, studies reported in this paper have been augmented with investigations on the effect of temperature and duration of preheating on the principal and secondary lifetimes. Luminescence spectra for measurements up to 200 Gy consist of a single lifetime but two components occur thereafter, both are independent of radiation dose. The principal lifetime of 35 μs is not affected by temperature of anneal whereas the secondary lifetime increases from 9 to 18 μs when the annealing temperature is changed from 600 to 900 °C. The dependence of both the principal and secondary luminescence lifetimes on measurement temperature can be explained by thermal quenching of the associated luminescence. However, the influence of irradiation, preheating, and annealing on the lifetimes can be explained with reference to an energy band scheme in which the primary mechanism in the processes leading up to luminescence emission is the change in concentration of holes at various luminescence centres caused by annealing.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Macroeconomic convergence within SADC : implications for the formation of a regional monetary union
- Authors: Johns, Michael Ryan
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Southern African Development Community , Economic and Monetary Union , Common Monetary Area (Organization) , Economic policy -- Africa, Southern , Monetary policy -- Africa, Southern , Monetary unions , Macroeconomics
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:1023 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002758 , Southern African Development Community , Economic and Monetary Union , Common Monetary Area (Organization) , Economic policy -- Africa, Southern , Monetary policy -- Africa, Southern , Monetary unions , Macroeconomics
- Description: Given the growing effect that globalisation and integration has had upon economies and regions, the process of monetary union has become an increasingly topical issue in economic policy debates. This has been driven in part by the experience and successes of the European Monetary Union (EMU), which is widely perceived as beneficial to member countries. The Southern African Development Community (SADC) is an example of a group of countries that has realised that there are benefits that may arise from economic integration. This paper makes use of an interest-rate pass through model to investigate whether the pass-through of monetary policy transmission in ten SADC countries has become more similar between January 1990 and December 2007 using monthly interest rate data. This is done to determine the extent of macroeconomic convergence that prevails within SADC, and consequently establish whether the formation of a regional monetary union is feasible. The results of the empirical pass-through model were robust and show that there are certain countries that have a more efficient and similar monetary transmission process than others. In particular, the countries that form the Common Monetary Area (CMA) and the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) tend to show evidence of convergence in monetary policy transmission, especially since 2000. In addition, from analysis of the long-run pass-through, the results reveal that there is evidence that Malawi and Zambia have shown signs of convergence toward the countries that form the CMA and SACU, in terms of monetary policy transmission. The study concludes that a SADC wide monetary union is currently not feasible based on the evidence provided from the results of the pass-through analysis. Despite this, it can be tentatively suggested that the CMA may be expanded to include Botswana, Malawi and Zambia.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Johns, Michael Ryan
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Southern African Development Community , Economic and Monetary Union , Common Monetary Area (Organization) , Economic policy -- Africa, Southern , Monetary policy -- Africa, Southern , Monetary unions , Macroeconomics
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:1023 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002758 , Southern African Development Community , Economic and Monetary Union , Common Monetary Area (Organization) , Economic policy -- Africa, Southern , Monetary policy -- Africa, Southern , Monetary unions , Macroeconomics
- Description: Given the growing effect that globalisation and integration has had upon economies and regions, the process of monetary union has become an increasingly topical issue in economic policy debates. This has been driven in part by the experience and successes of the European Monetary Union (EMU), which is widely perceived as beneficial to member countries. The Southern African Development Community (SADC) is an example of a group of countries that has realised that there are benefits that may arise from economic integration. This paper makes use of an interest-rate pass through model to investigate whether the pass-through of monetary policy transmission in ten SADC countries has become more similar between January 1990 and December 2007 using monthly interest rate data. This is done to determine the extent of macroeconomic convergence that prevails within SADC, and consequently establish whether the formation of a regional monetary union is feasible. The results of the empirical pass-through model were robust and show that there are certain countries that have a more efficient and similar monetary transmission process than others. In particular, the countries that form the Common Monetary Area (CMA) and the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) tend to show evidence of convergence in monetary policy transmission, especially since 2000. In addition, from analysis of the long-run pass-through, the results reveal that there is evidence that Malawi and Zambia have shown signs of convergence toward the countries that form the CMA and SACU, in terms of monetary policy transmission. The study concludes that a SADC wide monetary union is currently not feasible based on the evidence provided from the results of the pass-through analysis. Despite this, it can be tentatively suggested that the CMA may be expanded to include Botswana, Malawi and Zambia.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Mahatma Gandhi : a psychobiographical study
- Authors: Pillay, Koneshverrie
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Mahatma Gandhi Institute (Mauritius) , Psychology -- Biographical methods , Psychoanalysis , Developmental psychology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9890 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1159 , Mahatma Gandhi Institute (Mauritius) , Psychology -- Biographical methods , Psychoanalysis , Developmental psychology
- Description: The study is of a psychobiographical nature, employing a psychological theory as a paradigm within which to uncover the narrative of an individual’s life. There are relatively few studies of this nature, particularly with a South African focus. The study applied a qualitative psychobiographical research method which aimed to describe Mahatma Gandhi's psychological development according to Erik Erikson’s (1950) Psychosocial Developmental Theory. Mohandas Karamchund Gandhi or Mahatma Gandhi as he was generally known was a major political and spiritual leader. Although much has been written on his life, a psychobiography has not yet been written. He was chosen as the research subject through purposive sampling on the basis of interest value, uniqueness and significance of his life. The data collection and analysis was conducted according to Yin’s (1994) ‘analytic generalization’ which incorporated Erikson’s theory of psychosocial stages. Alexander’s (1988) nine proposed guidelines assisted in the process of data analysis. The study concluded that Gandhi had attained the ego virtues of hope, will, purpose, competence, fidelity love, care and wisdom as proposed by Erikson’s (1950) Psychosocial Developmental Theory within the delineated age frame.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Pillay, Koneshverrie
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Mahatma Gandhi Institute (Mauritius) , Psychology -- Biographical methods , Psychoanalysis , Developmental psychology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9890 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1159 , Mahatma Gandhi Institute (Mauritius) , Psychology -- Biographical methods , Psychoanalysis , Developmental psychology
- Description: The study is of a psychobiographical nature, employing a psychological theory as a paradigm within which to uncover the narrative of an individual’s life. There are relatively few studies of this nature, particularly with a South African focus. The study applied a qualitative psychobiographical research method which aimed to describe Mahatma Gandhi's psychological development according to Erik Erikson’s (1950) Psychosocial Developmental Theory. Mohandas Karamchund Gandhi or Mahatma Gandhi as he was generally known was a major political and spiritual leader. Although much has been written on his life, a psychobiography has not yet been written. He was chosen as the research subject through purposive sampling on the basis of interest value, uniqueness and significance of his life. The data collection and analysis was conducted according to Yin’s (1994) ‘analytic generalization’ which incorporated Erikson’s theory of psychosocial stages. Alexander’s (1988) nine proposed guidelines assisted in the process of data analysis. The study concluded that Gandhi had attained the ego virtues of hope, will, purpose, competence, fidelity love, care and wisdom as proposed by Erikson’s (1950) Psychosocial Developmental Theory within the delineated age frame.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Making familiar the unfamiliar: doing better journalism
- Authors: Gess, Harold
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/455074 , vital:75400 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC139907
- Description: Photographic souvenir books of towns and cities around the world were very popular during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. These vol-umes, printed to a high standard and bound in a superior quality bind-ing, showed off commercial and civic buildings, churches, schools and views of the surrounding natural environment. Grocott and Sherry, a firm of Grahamstown printers and publishers, published a number of these souvenirs of Grahamstown, the last one appearing in 1898. Earli-er this year an exhibition was mounted in Grahamstown's Albany Mu-seum to celebrate 140 years since the founding of the Grocott's Mail, a newspaper published until 2003 by the firm of Grocott and Sherry and since then owned and operated by the Rhodes University School of Journalism and Media Studies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Gess, Harold
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/455074 , vital:75400 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC139907
- Description: Photographic souvenir books of towns and cities around the world were very popular during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. These vol-umes, printed to a high standard and bound in a superior quality bind-ing, showed off commercial and civic buildings, churches, schools and views of the surrounding natural environment. Grocott and Sherry, a firm of Grahamstown printers and publishers, published a number of these souvenirs of Grahamstown, the last one appearing in 1898. Earli-er this year an exhibition was mounted in Grahamstown's Albany Mu-seum to celebrate 140 years since the founding of the Grocott's Mail, a newspaper published until 2003 by the firm of Grocott and Sherry and since then owned and operated by the Rhodes University School of Journalism and Media Studies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Making the Invisible Visible: Ameliorating Poverty through Natural Resource Commercialisation
- Authors: Shackleton, Sheona E
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: vital:6618 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016226
- Description: [From Introduction] The majority of households in South Africa, especially those in the rural communal areas, live in abject poverty. Some 70% of rural households can be classified as poor, while 18-24% fall into the chronically poor category. Unlike many other developing nations, South Africa's rural communal areas are characterised by relatively poor availability of agricultural land, with only about 40% of rural households involved in field cropping. This results in high levels of integration and dependence on the cash economy. Unemployment levels are amongst the highest in the world at about 30%. Unemployment amongst women tends to be greater than amongst men resulting in a poverty rate amongst rural female-headed households of over 60%; double that of male-headed households. The scourge of HIV/AIDS is devastating already poor households' ability to cope. More than half of HIV/AIDS affected households have insufficient food (UNDP 2003). Impacts of the pandemic include not only the loss of income, but also increased expenditure particularly on medical care and funerals. The need to care for ill household members or orphaned children also limits the choices of occupation that other household members can pursue, and may restrict labour availability for food production. Household assets are often sold for cash eroding the few safety nets people have. HIV/AIDS is expected to contribute to a chronic impoverishment of 26-33% more households than would be the case in its absence (Aliber 2003). , Endnote: This policy brief is based on the original brief made available for a workshop in August 2006. It is derived, amongst other sources, from the findings of nine case studies of local natural resource commercialisation undertaken as part of a project funded by the South Africa-Netherlands Programme on Alternatives in Development (SANPAD), BP South Africa and the National Research Foundation (NRF). Case studies on woodcraft, furniture production, weaving, broom production and the sale of wild foods and traditional marula beer were completed by Zwoitwa Makhado (UWC), Sibongile Mavimbela (Rhodes), Taryn Pereira (Rhodes), Sheona Shackleton (Rhodes) and Jabulile Sithole (WSU). CIFOR with support from SIDA, provided the funding to share these findings with key stakeholders. The opinions expressed in these policy briefs are those of the author and research team and should not necessarily be attributed to funders and partner institutions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Shackleton, Sheona E
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: vital:6618 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016226
- Description: [From Introduction] The majority of households in South Africa, especially those in the rural communal areas, live in abject poverty. Some 70% of rural households can be classified as poor, while 18-24% fall into the chronically poor category. Unlike many other developing nations, South Africa's rural communal areas are characterised by relatively poor availability of agricultural land, with only about 40% of rural households involved in field cropping. This results in high levels of integration and dependence on the cash economy. Unemployment levels are amongst the highest in the world at about 30%. Unemployment amongst women tends to be greater than amongst men resulting in a poverty rate amongst rural female-headed households of over 60%; double that of male-headed households. The scourge of HIV/AIDS is devastating already poor households' ability to cope. More than half of HIV/AIDS affected households have insufficient food (UNDP 2003). Impacts of the pandemic include not only the loss of income, but also increased expenditure particularly on medical care and funerals. The need to care for ill household members or orphaned children also limits the choices of occupation that other household members can pursue, and may restrict labour availability for food production. Household assets are often sold for cash eroding the few safety nets people have. HIV/AIDS is expected to contribute to a chronic impoverishment of 26-33% more households than would be the case in its absence (Aliber 2003). , Endnote: This policy brief is based on the original brief made available for a workshop in August 2006. It is derived, amongst other sources, from the findings of nine case studies of local natural resource commercialisation undertaken as part of a project funded by the South Africa-Netherlands Programme on Alternatives in Development (SANPAD), BP South Africa and the National Research Foundation (NRF). Case studies on woodcraft, furniture production, weaving, broom production and the sale of wild foods and traditional marula beer were completed by Zwoitwa Makhado (UWC), Sibongile Mavimbela (Rhodes), Taryn Pereira (Rhodes), Sheona Shackleton (Rhodes) and Jabulile Sithole (WSU). CIFOR with support from SIDA, provided the funding to share these findings with key stakeholders. The opinions expressed in these policy briefs are those of the author and research team and should not necessarily be attributed to funders and partner institutions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Management, Processing and Analysis of Cryptographic Network Protocols
- Cowie, Bradley, Irwin, Barry V W, Barnett, Richard J
- Authors: Cowie, Bradley , Irwin, Barry V W , Barnett, Richard J
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/428687 , vital:72529 , https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/30968790/ISSA2009Proceedings-libre.pdf?1393060231=andresponse-content-disposi-tion=inline%3B+filename%3DAN_ANALYSIS_OF_AUTHENTICATION_FOR_PASSIV.pdfandExpires=1714732172andSignature=Ei8RhR2pCSUNGCNE40DugEyFamcyTxPuuRq9gslD~WGlNqPEgG3FL7VFRQCKXhZBWyAfGRjMtBmNDJ7Sjsgex12WxW9Fj8XdpB7Bfz23FuLc-t2YRM-2joKOHJQLxWJlfZiOzxDvVGZeM3zCHj~f3NUeY1~n6PtVtLzNdL8glIg5dzDTTIE6ms2YlxmnO6JvlzQwOWdHaUbHsZzMGOV19UPtBk-UJzHSq3NRyPe4-XNZQLNK-mEEcMGsLk6nkyXIsW2QJ7gtKW1nNkr6EMkAGSOnDai~pSqzb2imspMnlPRigAPPISrNHO79rP51H9bu1WvbRZv1KVkGvM~sRmfl28A__andKey-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA#page=499
- Description: The use of cryptographic protocols as a means to provide security to web servers and services at the transport layer, by providing both en-cryption and authentication to data transfer, has become increasingly popular. However, we note that it is rather difficult to perform legitimate analysis, intrusion detection and debugging on cryptographic protocols, as the data that passes through is encrypted. In this paper we assume that we have legitimate access to the data and that we have the private key used in transactions and thus we will be able decrypt the data. The objective is to produce a suitable application framework that allows for easy recovery and secure storage of cryptographic keys; including ap-propriate tools to decapsulate traffic and to decrypt live packet streams or precaptured traffic contained in PCAP files. The resultant processing will then be able to provide a clear-text stream which can be used for further analysis.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Cowie, Bradley , Irwin, Barry V W , Barnett, Richard J
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/428687 , vital:72529 , https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/30968790/ISSA2009Proceedings-libre.pdf?1393060231=andresponse-content-disposi-tion=inline%3B+filename%3DAN_ANALYSIS_OF_AUTHENTICATION_FOR_PASSIV.pdfandExpires=1714732172andSignature=Ei8RhR2pCSUNGCNE40DugEyFamcyTxPuuRq9gslD~WGlNqPEgG3FL7VFRQCKXhZBWyAfGRjMtBmNDJ7Sjsgex12WxW9Fj8XdpB7Bfz23FuLc-t2YRM-2joKOHJQLxWJlfZiOzxDvVGZeM3zCHj~f3NUeY1~n6PtVtLzNdL8glIg5dzDTTIE6ms2YlxmnO6JvlzQwOWdHaUbHsZzMGOV19UPtBk-UJzHSq3NRyPe4-XNZQLNK-mEEcMGsLk6nkyXIsW2QJ7gtKW1nNkr6EMkAGSOnDai~pSqzb2imspMnlPRigAPPISrNHO79rP51H9bu1WvbRZv1KVkGvM~sRmfl28A__andKey-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA#page=499
- Description: The use of cryptographic protocols as a means to provide security to web servers and services at the transport layer, by providing both en-cryption and authentication to data transfer, has become increasingly popular. However, we note that it is rather difficult to perform legitimate analysis, intrusion detection and debugging on cryptographic protocols, as the data that passes through is encrypted. In this paper we assume that we have legitimate access to the data and that we have the private key used in transactions and thus we will be able decrypt the data. The objective is to produce a suitable application framework that allows for easy recovery and secure storage of cryptographic keys; including ap-propriate tools to decapsulate traffic and to decrypt live packet streams or precaptured traffic contained in PCAP files. The resultant processing will then be able to provide a clear-text stream which can be used for further analysis.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Managerial perceptions of corporate social responsibility and social practices present at McDonalds South Africa
- Authors: Böckle, Ingrid
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Social responsibility of business -- South Africa -- Case studies , Business ethics -- South Africa -- Case studies , Management -- Moral and ethical aspects -- South Africa -- Case studies , Executives -- Professional ethics -- South Africa -- Case studies , Corporate governance -- Moral and ethical aspects -- South Africa -- Case studies , Business logistics -- Moral and ethical aspects -- South Africa -- Case studies , McDonald's Corporation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:3300 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003088
- Description: This study deals with corporate social responsibility (CSR) and focuses on managerial perceptions of CSR at McDonald’s South Africa (SA) and how social responsibility is translated into social practices. The key objectives of the research are: to analyse McDonald’s both internationally and locally in South Africa to establish whether CSR policies exist, then to investigate how these policies are perceived and integrated by outlet managers. Lastly to investigate what kind of social responsibility (SR) involvement, if at all, occurs at outlet level. The research site covers three regions in South Africa, which are the Eastern Cape, Western Cape and Gauteng. The total research sample is 38. 33 interviewees were outlet managers, who were purposively selected, and 5 additional interviews took place with: 2 McDonald’s SA Head Office representatives, 2 interviews with beneficiaries of McDonald’s SR involvement and 1 with the trade union SACCAWU. The research was carried out through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The design of this research is based on an interpretive social science approach. The aim of the research was to investigate outlet managers’ perceptions of CSR and social practices present at McDonald’s SA outlets. The key findings of the research indicate that: CSR policies at McDonald’s SA head office are not communicated sufficiently to outlet managers, SR involvement is evident, especially for initiatives focusing on children’s welfare, but far too little occurs at the outlet level. There are also too few checks on social involvement by head office and no formal reporting system is available to the outlets except through an internal magazine, called the Big Mag. There is no official CSR report at McDonald’s SA. The fact that no report exists makes this study more relevant since this research investigates matters pertaining to CSR and social practices. The overall significance of the study is that it brings to the forefront the importance of internal company and external broader regulation which is part of the greater debate of CSR. This is because the analysis of managerial perceptions and implementation of CSR shows some unwarranted discrepancies between policies and practices, locally, nationally and internationally even within the same organisation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Böckle, Ingrid
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Social responsibility of business -- South Africa -- Case studies , Business ethics -- South Africa -- Case studies , Management -- Moral and ethical aspects -- South Africa -- Case studies , Executives -- Professional ethics -- South Africa -- Case studies , Corporate governance -- Moral and ethical aspects -- South Africa -- Case studies , Business logistics -- Moral and ethical aspects -- South Africa -- Case studies , McDonald's Corporation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:3300 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003088
- Description: This study deals with corporate social responsibility (CSR) and focuses on managerial perceptions of CSR at McDonald’s South Africa (SA) and how social responsibility is translated into social practices. The key objectives of the research are: to analyse McDonald’s both internationally and locally in South Africa to establish whether CSR policies exist, then to investigate how these policies are perceived and integrated by outlet managers. Lastly to investigate what kind of social responsibility (SR) involvement, if at all, occurs at outlet level. The research site covers three regions in South Africa, which are the Eastern Cape, Western Cape and Gauteng. The total research sample is 38. 33 interviewees were outlet managers, who were purposively selected, and 5 additional interviews took place with: 2 McDonald’s SA Head Office representatives, 2 interviews with beneficiaries of McDonald’s SR involvement and 1 with the trade union SACCAWU. The research was carried out through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The design of this research is based on an interpretive social science approach. The aim of the research was to investigate outlet managers’ perceptions of CSR and social practices present at McDonald’s SA outlets. The key findings of the research indicate that: CSR policies at McDonald’s SA head office are not communicated sufficiently to outlet managers, SR involvement is evident, especially for initiatives focusing on children’s welfare, but far too little occurs at the outlet level. There are also too few checks on social involvement by head office and no formal reporting system is available to the outlets except through an internal magazine, called the Big Mag. There is no official CSR report at McDonald’s SA. The fact that no report exists makes this study more relevant since this research investigates matters pertaining to CSR and social practices. The overall significance of the study is that it brings to the forefront the importance of internal company and external broader regulation which is part of the greater debate of CSR. This is because the analysis of managerial perceptions and implementation of CSR shows some unwarranted discrepancies between policies and practices, locally, nationally and internationally even within the same organisation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Managing leader member exchange frequency effectively in a South African retail company
- Viljoen, Petrus Johannes Jacobus
- Authors: Viljoen, Petrus Johannes Jacobus
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Communication in organizations -- South Africa , Communication in management -- South Africa , Leadership -- South Africa , Organizational behavior -- South Africa , Organizational effectiveness -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:8692 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1106 , Communication in organizations -- South Africa , Communication in management -- South Africa , Leadership -- South Africa , Organizational behavior -- South Africa , Organizational effectiveness -- South Africa
- Description: The purpose of this research is to highlight the importance of identifying the communication frequency within the leader-member exchange (LMX) relationship, and to appreciate what the positive or negative effect of a low or high LMX frequency has on this relationship and on staff morale. Management is for the most part responsible for communication frequency and is in a position and has the means to change such frequency or to add additional communication channels. The research was based on a program introduced in a South African retail company three years ago. Data was collected from 64 stores in the Western Cape and the results were statistically analysed on the SPSS16 program. The results clearly supported the hypotheses that, in a low-communication frequency area, an increase in communication frequency has a positive effect on staff morale and that the proximity to head office (or lack of it) does not have a negative effect on staff morale.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Viljoen, Petrus Johannes Jacobus
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Communication in organizations -- South Africa , Communication in management -- South Africa , Leadership -- South Africa , Organizational behavior -- South Africa , Organizational effectiveness -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:8692 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1106 , Communication in organizations -- South Africa , Communication in management -- South Africa , Leadership -- South Africa , Organizational behavior -- South Africa , Organizational effectiveness -- South Africa
- Description: The purpose of this research is to highlight the importance of identifying the communication frequency within the leader-member exchange (LMX) relationship, and to appreciate what the positive or negative effect of a low or high LMX frequency has on this relationship and on staff morale. Management is for the most part responsible for communication frequency and is in a position and has the means to change such frequency or to add additional communication channels. The research was based on a program introduced in a South African retail company three years ago. Data was collected from 64 stores in the Western Cape and the results were statistically analysed on the SPSS16 program. The results clearly supported the hypotheses that, in a low-communication frequency area, an increase in communication frequency has a positive effect on staff morale and that the proximity to head office (or lack of it) does not have a negative effect on staff morale.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Mariculture as a means to add value to the east coast rock lobster Panulirus homarus rubellus subsistence fishery : a physiological approach to define transport and growout protocols for wild caught juveniles
- Authors: Kemp, Justin Oliver Gordon
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Lobster fisheries -- South Africa , Lobster culture -- South Africa , Lobsters -- Growth -- South Africa , Mariculture -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5299 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005144
- Description: In a context of declining capture fisheries and public pressure for greater access to marine resources, marine aquaculture is receiving increasing interest from the South African government as a means to increase the diversity of economic activities in coastal regions, thereby providing employment and reducing poverty. The east coast rock lobster Panulirus homarus rubellus is currently harvested by subsistence fisherman along the former Transkei coastline of south-east South Africa and presents a possible opportunity for ongrowing wild juvenile lobsters in culture facilities. Lack of compliance coupled with poor enforcement of the minimum size limit (65 mm carapace length) has resulted in the ongoing harvest of undersize size lobsters by subsistence fishers. Generally, fishers either consume these undersize lobsters or sell them to tourists for low prices. In line with international trends in rock lobster aquaculture, interest has subsequently arisen in the possibilities of ongrowing these undersize lobsters as a means of adding value to the P. h rubellus resource for subsistence fishers. The aim of this physiological study was to assess the biological feasibility of harvesting, transporting and culturing wild caught juvenile lobsters, thereby provide empirical data to inform the development of suitable transport and culture protocols. The experimental objectives were to asses the effect of temperature on growth and survival of P. h. rubellus, as well as the effects of a suite of extrinsic and intrinsic factors on ammonia excretion and oxygen consumption. Juvenile lobsters were collected by hand from near-shore reefs (2-15 m depth) off Mdumbi in the former Transkei, Eastern Cape Province and transported by road (7 hours) to the Port Alfred Marine Research Laboratory where they were held in a recirculating culture system. The effect of temperature over a range of 9.7 °C (18.9±0.7 to 28.6±1.5 °C) on the growth and survival of juvenile P. h. rubellus fed a diet of fresh mussel flesh was investigated. Specific growth rate (SGR) was significantly different between temperatures (p = 0.01), with the highest values recorded for the 24 °C and 28 °C treatments. There was no significant difference in moult increment (MI) between temperatures, however, intermoult period (IMP) differed significantly between temperatures (p = 0.0015) with mean IMP lowest at 24 °C, although not significantly different from the means of the 26 °C and 28 °C treatments. IMP was highest at 19 °C and 21 °C. Apparent feed intake was significantly different between treatments (p < 0.0001) and exhibited a strong positive correlation with increasing temperature. Food conversion ratio (FCR) differed significantly between temperatures (p = 0.02) with 24 °C exhibiting the most efficient FCR. The results for growth rate and food conversion efficiency suggested that 24 °C is optimal for the growout of juvenile P. h. rubellus. In the second study, the effect of body weight, emersion, daily rhythm, feeding and ambient ammonia on the total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) excretion rate was investigated. Body weight (n = 16, range of 16.8 – 322 g) was positively correlated to daytime TAN excretion rate (mg h⁻¹). Re-immersion after one hour emersion in a moist environment was characterized by a significant increase in TAN excretion rate for the first hour compared to pre-immersion levels. The amount of TAN excreted during this period was as expected if basal TAN excretion rates were maintained during emersion. TAN excretion rates returned to pre-emersion levels by the end of the second hour. There was no evidence of a daily rhythm in TAN excretion rate for P. h. rubellus. TAN excretion rates were elevated following feeding. An initial peak in TAN excretion rate after seven hours (7.58 times pre-feeding rate) was followed by a smaller peak after 13 hours (6.69 times pre-feeding rate). TAN excretion rate dropped to levels not significantly different from pre-feeding levels after 23 hours and consistently returned to pre-feeding levels after 42 hours. The TAN excretion rates of lobster exposed for two hours to an ambient TAN concentration of 1.02±0.10 mg l⁻¹ and 2.3± 0.2 mg l⁻¹ were not significantly different from TAN excretion rates recorded at low ambient water TAN prior to exposure. Exposure to an ambient TAN concentration of 4.45±0.78 mg l⁻¹ had a significant effect on the TAN excretion rate, with pronounced ammonia uptake occurring for all animals at this concentration. The third study investigated the effects of body weight, diurnal rhythm, feeding and emersion on lobster oxygen consumption. Body weight was positively correlated to both standard and active oxygen consumption (mg O2 h⁻¹) while body weight was negatively correlated to mass-specific standard oxygen uptake (mg O2 g⁻¹ h⁻¹). Diurnal rhythm exhibited a strong effect on the lobsters oxygen consumption, with average night time values 67% greater than those recorded during the day. This was related to activity driven by intrinsic nocturnal foraging behaviour. Feeding resulted in a classic specific dynamic action (SDA) response, with postprandial oxygen consumption increasing to a peak before decreasing gradually to preprandial levels. Emersion resulted in a significant increase in oxygen consumption, with lobsters rapidly recovering to pre-emersion levels after four hours. Results from these studies suggest that the capture, transport and culture of juvenile P. h. rubellus is biologically feasible. Empirical data generated were used to provide recommendations regarding species optimised transport and culture protocols. A purge time of 48 hours before transport is suggested to ensure that ammonia excretion and oxygen consumption are at basal levels. Furthermore, emersed transport for a period of one hour is characterised by rapid recovery upon re-immersion. In order to prevent the accumulation of stressors, it is suggested that consecutive periods of emersion are interjected with recovery periods (five hours) in water to allow the removal of accumulated ammonia and repayment of the oxygen debt incurred. The recorded ammonia rates indicate that a biological filter size of 4.8 m³ is recommended for 1000 kg of fed lobsters in a culture situation, although this can be reduced considerably if lobsters are being held without feeding (0.72 m³). A flow rate of 112 l kg⁻¹ h⁻¹ is required to meet the metabolic requirements of lobsters. Bottlenecks to the viable commercial culture of P. h. rubellus, and the ability of this practice to provide the socio-economic benefits that were envisioned, are discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Kemp, Justin Oliver Gordon
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Lobster fisheries -- South Africa , Lobster culture -- South Africa , Lobsters -- Growth -- South Africa , Mariculture -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5299 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005144
- Description: In a context of declining capture fisheries and public pressure for greater access to marine resources, marine aquaculture is receiving increasing interest from the South African government as a means to increase the diversity of economic activities in coastal regions, thereby providing employment and reducing poverty. The east coast rock lobster Panulirus homarus rubellus is currently harvested by subsistence fisherman along the former Transkei coastline of south-east South Africa and presents a possible opportunity for ongrowing wild juvenile lobsters in culture facilities. Lack of compliance coupled with poor enforcement of the minimum size limit (65 mm carapace length) has resulted in the ongoing harvest of undersize size lobsters by subsistence fishers. Generally, fishers either consume these undersize lobsters or sell them to tourists for low prices. In line with international trends in rock lobster aquaculture, interest has subsequently arisen in the possibilities of ongrowing these undersize lobsters as a means of adding value to the P. h rubellus resource for subsistence fishers. The aim of this physiological study was to assess the biological feasibility of harvesting, transporting and culturing wild caught juvenile lobsters, thereby provide empirical data to inform the development of suitable transport and culture protocols. The experimental objectives were to asses the effect of temperature on growth and survival of P. h. rubellus, as well as the effects of a suite of extrinsic and intrinsic factors on ammonia excretion and oxygen consumption. Juvenile lobsters were collected by hand from near-shore reefs (2-15 m depth) off Mdumbi in the former Transkei, Eastern Cape Province and transported by road (7 hours) to the Port Alfred Marine Research Laboratory where they were held in a recirculating culture system. The effect of temperature over a range of 9.7 °C (18.9±0.7 to 28.6±1.5 °C) on the growth and survival of juvenile P. h. rubellus fed a diet of fresh mussel flesh was investigated. Specific growth rate (SGR) was significantly different between temperatures (p = 0.01), with the highest values recorded for the 24 °C and 28 °C treatments. There was no significant difference in moult increment (MI) between temperatures, however, intermoult period (IMP) differed significantly between temperatures (p = 0.0015) with mean IMP lowest at 24 °C, although not significantly different from the means of the 26 °C and 28 °C treatments. IMP was highest at 19 °C and 21 °C. Apparent feed intake was significantly different between treatments (p < 0.0001) and exhibited a strong positive correlation with increasing temperature. Food conversion ratio (FCR) differed significantly between temperatures (p = 0.02) with 24 °C exhibiting the most efficient FCR. The results for growth rate and food conversion efficiency suggested that 24 °C is optimal for the growout of juvenile P. h. rubellus. In the second study, the effect of body weight, emersion, daily rhythm, feeding and ambient ammonia on the total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) excretion rate was investigated. Body weight (n = 16, range of 16.8 – 322 g) was positively correlated to daytime TAN excretion rate (mg h⁻¹). Re-immersion after one hour emersion in a moist environment was characterized by a significant increase in TAN excretion rate for the first hour compared to pre-immersion levels. The amount of TAN excreted during this period was as expected if basal TAN excretion rates were maintained during emersion. TAN excretion rates returned to pre-emersion levels by the end of the second hour. There was no evidence of a daily rhythm in TAN excretion rate for P. h. rubellus. TAN excretion rates were elevated following feeding. An initial peak in TAN excretion rate after seven hours (7.58 times pre-feeding rate) was followed by a smaller peak after 13 hours (6.69 times pre-feeding rate). TAN excretion rate dropped to levels not significantly different from pre-feeding levels after 23 hours and consistently returned to pre-feeding levels after 42 hours. The TAN excretion rates of lobster exposed for two hours to an ambient TAN concentration of 1.02±0.10 mg l⁻¹ and 2.3± 0.2 mg l⁻¹ were not significantly different from TAN excretion rates recorded at low ambient water TAN prior to exposure. Exposure to an ambient TAN concentration of 4.45±0.78 mg l⁻¹ had a significant effect on the TAN excretion rate, with pronounced ammonia uptake occurring for all animals at this concentration. The third study investigated the effects of body weight, diurnal rhythm, feeding and emersion on lobster oxygen consumption. Body weight was positively correlated to both standard and active oxygen consumption (mg O2 h⁻¹) while body weight was negatively correlated to mass-specific standard oxygen uptake (mg O2 g⁻¹ h⁻¹). Diurnal rhythm exhibited a strong effect on the lobsters oxygen consumption, with average night time values 67% greater than those recorded during the day. This was related to activity driven by intrinsic nocturnal foraging behaviour. Feeding resulted in a classic specific dynamic action (SDA) response, with postprandial oxygen consumption increasing to a peak before decreasing gradually to preprandial levels. Emersion resulted in a significant increase in oxygen consumption, with lobsters rapidly recovering to pre-emersion levels after four hours. Results from these studies suggest that the capture, transport and culture of juvenile P. h. rubellus is biologically feasible. Empirical data generated were used to provide recommendations regarding species optimised transport and culture protocols. A purge time of 48 hours before transport is suggested to ensure that ammonia excretion and oxygen consumption are at basal levels. Furthermore, emersed transport for a period of one hour is characterised by rapid recovery upon re-immersion. In order to prevent the accumulation of stressors, it is suggested that consecutive periods of emersion are interjected with recovery periods (five hours) in water to allow the removal of accumulated ammonia and repayment of the oxygen debt incurred. The recorded ammonia rates indicate that a biological filter size of 4.8 m³ is recommended for 1000 kg of fed lobsters in a culture situation, although this can be reduced considerably if lobsters are being held without feeding (0.72 m³). A flow rate of 112 l kg⁻¹ h⁻¹ is required to meet the metabolic requirements of lobsters. Bottlenecks to the viable commercial culture of P. h. rubellus, and the ability of this practice to provide the socio-economic benefits that were envisioned, are discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Mathematical requirements for first-year BCOM students at NMMU
- Authors: Walton, Marguerite
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Business mathematics -- South Africa , Mathematics -- Study and teaching (Higher) -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:10502 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/886 , Business mathematics -- South Africa , Mathematics -- Study and teaching (Higher) -- South Africa
- Description: These studies have focused on identifying the mathematical requirements of first-year BCom students at Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. The research methodology used in this quantitative study was to make use of interviewing, questionnaire investigation, and document analysis in the form of textbook, test and examination analysis. These methods provided data that fitted into a grounded theory approach. The study concluded by identifying the list of mathematical topics required for the first year of the core subjects in the BCom degree programme. In addition, the study found that learners who study Mathematics in the National Senior Certificate should be able to cope with the mathematical content included in their BCom degree programme, while learners studying Mathematical Literacy would probably need support in some of the areas of mathematics, especially algebra, in order to cope with the mathematical content included in their BCom degree programme. It makes a valuable contribution towards elucidating the mathematical requirements needed to improve the chances of successful BCom degree programme studies at South African universities. It also draws the contours for starting to design an efficient support course for future “at-risk” students who enter higher education studies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Walton, Marguerite
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Business mathematics -- South Africa , Mathematics -- Study and teaching (Higher) -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:10502 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/886 , Business mathematics -- South Africa , Mathematics -- Study and teaching (Higher) -- South Africa
- Description: These studies have focused on identifying the mathematical requirements of first-year BCom students at Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. The research methodology used in this quantitative study was to make use of interviewing, questionnaire investigation, and document analysis in the form of textbook, test and examination analysis. These methods provided data that fitted into a grounded theory approach. The study concluded by identifying the list of mathematical topics required for the first year of the core subjects in the BCom degree programme. In addition, the study found that learners who study Mathematics in the National Senior Certificate should be able to cope with the mathematical content included in their BCom degree programme, while learners studying Mathematical Literacy would probably need support in some of the areas of mathematics, especially algebra, in order to cope with the mathematical content included in their BCom degree programme. It makes a valuable contribution towards elucidating the mathematical requirements needed to improve the chances of successful BCom degree programme studies at South African universities. It also draws the contours for starting to design an efficient support course for future “at-risk” students who enter higher education studies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Meeting democracy’s challenge developments:
- Authors: Dugmore, Harry
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/159389 , vital:40293 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC139935
- Description: In a context of declining public participation, can mobile phone technology and 'new media' be used to involve more people in local decision-making, asks Harry Dug more in this exploration of the implications of mobile communication on journalism in the developing world.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Dugmore, Harry
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/159389 , vital:40293 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC139935
- Description: In a context of declining public participation, can mobile phone technology and 'new media' be used to involve more people in local decision-making, asks Harry Dug more in this exploration of the implications of mobile communication on journalism in the developing world.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Mentoring as a strategy to develop leadership potential of female employees
- Authors: Potgieter, Deidre
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Mentoring in business , Leadership in women , Women employees
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9278 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1472 , Mentoring in business , Leadership in women , Women employees
- Description: Institutions of higher learning should be doing leadership development of females to enhance the gender balance. The number of females employed in South African higher education is almost equal to the number of males, yet the highest proportions of females continue to hold the lowest academic and support positions. To compound the problem, after attracting suitable female staff, institutions do not have programmes to encourage them to remain within the system. Females need to surmount extra hurdles to be considered as leaders, and have different experiences of organisations from those of their male peers. Research suggests that women have the qualifications, skills and experiences required for leadership. This study aimed to look at mentoring as a strategy to enhance female leadership development. A literature review was conducted to understand the term mentoring and all related aspects. The aspects included the functions and phases of mentoring, as well as the process of a mentoring programme. Recently organisations have begun to realise how important mentoring can be to their success. Research has shown that mentoring facilitates leadership development through the career and psycho-social functions that the relationship provides. The study also investigated gender and leadership, and highlighted the barriers faced by women. The empirical part of this study was to determine employees‘ perceptions of mentoring. It was conducted in a Higher Education Institution. Random sampling was used to select respondents. The sample size consisted of 110 respondents. A structured pre-coded questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data was analysed Abstract Page iii using the relevant statistical package. Independent t-tests and analysis of variance techniques were used to determine statistically significant differences in perceptions between groups according to race, qualifications, period of employment and the type of appointment (academic/administrative). Statistically significant differences were found between race groups and the period of employment. Qualification and type of appointment did not significantly affect employees‘ responses. The major findings indicate a general congruence towards mentoring as a suitable strategy to enhance female leadership development. Institutional barriers were identified and the organisation needs to acknowledge and understand the organisational culture before embarking on this process. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed and recommendations based on these findings are provided.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Potgieter, Deidre
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Mentoring in business , Leadership in women , Women employees
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9278 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1472 , Mentoring in business , Leadership in women , Women employees
- Description: Institutions of higher learning should be doing leadership development of females to enhance the gender balance. The number of females employed in South African higher education is almost equal to the number of males, yet the highest proportions of females continue to hold the lowest academic and support positions. To compound the problem, after attracting suitable female staff, institutions do not have programmes to encourage them to remain within the system. Females need to surmount extra hurdles to be considered as leaders, and have different experiences of organisations from those of their male peers. Research suggests that women have the qualifications, skills and experiences required for leadership. This study aimed to look at mentoring as a strategy to enhance female leadership development. A literature review was conducted to understand the term mentoring and all related aspects. The aspects included the functions and phases of mentoring, as well as the process of a mentoring programme. Recently organisations have begun to realise how important mentoring can be to their success. Research has shown that mentoring facilitates leadership development through the career and psycho-social functions that the relationship provides. The study also investigated gender and leadership, and highlighted the barriers faced by women. The empirical part of this study was to determine employees‘ perceptions of mentoring. It was conducted in a Higher Education Institution. Random sampling was used to select respondents. The sample size consisted of 110 respondents. A structured pre-coded questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data was analysed Abstract Page iii using the relevant statistical package. Independent t-tests and analysis of variance techniques were used to determine statistically significant differences in perceptions between groups according to race, qualifications, period of employment and the type of appointment (academic/administrative). Statistically significant differences were found between race groups and the period of employment. Qualification and type of appointment did not significantly affect employees‘ responses. The major findings indicate a general congruence towards mentoring as a suitable strategy to enhance female leadership development. Institutional barriers were identified and the organisation needs to acknowledge and understand the organisational culture before embarking on this process. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed and recommendations based on these findings are provided.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Metal (Co, Fe) tribenzotetraazachlorin–fullerene conjugates
- Ozoemena, Kenneth I, Mamuru, Solomon A, Fukuda, Takamitsu, Kobayashi, Nagao, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Ozoemena, Kenneth I , Mamuru, Solomon A , Fukuda, Takamitsu , Kobayashi, Nagao , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/263464 , vital:53630 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2009.04.011"
- Description: Novel hexabutylsulphonyltribenzotetraazachlorin–fullerene (C60) complexes of iron (FeHBSTBTAC–C60) and cobalt (CoHBSTBTAC–C60) have been synthesized and their electrochemistry and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) compared with their octabutylsulphonylphthalocyanine analogues (FeOBSPc and CoOBSPc). It is proved that electron-withdrawing substituents (–SO2Bu and C60) on phthalocyanine macrocycle exhibit distinct impact on the solution electrochemistry of these metallophthalocyanine (MPc) complexes. The more electron-withdrawing C60 substituent suppressed ORR compared to the –SO2Bu in alkaline medium. FeOBSPc showed the best ORR activity involving a direct 4-electron mechanism, a rate constant of ∼1 × 108 cm3 mol−1 s−1 and a Tafel slope of −171 mV dec−1.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Ozoemena, Kenneth I , Mamuru, Solomon A , Fukuda, Takamitsu , Kobayashi, Nagao , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/263464 , vital:53630 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2009.04.011"
- Description: Novel hexabutylsulphonyltribenzotetraazachlorin–fullerene (C60) complexes of iron (FeHBSTBTAC–C60) and cobalt (CoHBSTBTAC–C60) have been synthesized and their electrochemistry and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) compared with their octabutylsulphonylphthalocyanine analogues (FeOBSPc and CoOBSPc). It is proved that electron-withdrawing substituents (–SO2Bu and C60) on phthalocyanine macrocycle exhibit distinct impact on the solution electrochemistry of these metallophthalocyanine (MPc) complexes. The more electron-withdrawing C60 substituent suppressed ORR compared to the –SO2Bu in alkaline medium. FeOBSPc showed the best ORR activity involving a direct 4-electron mechanism, a rate constant of ∼1 × 108 cm3 mol−1 s−1 and a Tafel slope of −171 mV dec−1.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Metallophthalocyanine Based Carbon Paste Electrodes for the Determination of 2′, 3′‐Dideoxyinosine
- Ozoemena, Kenneth I, Stefan-van Staden, Raluca-Ioana, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Ozoemena, Kenneth I , Stefan-van Staden, Raluca-Ioana , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/263430 , vital:53627 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.200904581"
- Description: Novel electrochemical sensors based on carbon paste impregnated with metallopthalocyanine (MPc, M=Co, Fe) complexes, have been constructed for the assay of anti-HIV drug 2′,3′-dideoxyinosine (didanosine, DDI). Both modified electrodes showed electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of dideoxyinosine in phosphate buffer pH 7.4 with a working concentration range of 10−6–10−4 mol/L and a detection limit of 10−7 mol/L magnitude order. The sensor proved to be highly reliable for the assay of the purity of DDI - raw material as well as for the uniformity content test of Videx tablets.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Ozoemena, Kenneth I , Stefan-van Staden, Raluca-Ioana , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/263430 , vital:53627 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.200904581"
- Description: Novel electrochemical sensors based on carbon paste impregnated with metallopthalocyanine (MPc, M=Co, Fe) complexes, have been constructed for the assay of anti-HIV drug 2′,3′-dideoxyinosine (didanosine, DDI). Both modified electrodes showed electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of dideoxyinosine in phosphate buffer pH 7.4 with a working concentration range of 10−6–10−4 mol/L and a detection limit of 10−7 mol/L magnitude order. The sensor proved to be highly reliable for the assay of the purity of DDI - raw material as well as for the uniformity content test of Videx tablets.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Microsatellite markers for the roman, Chrysoblephus laticeps (Teleostei: Sparidae), an overexploited seabream from South Africa
- Teske, Peter R, Cowley, Paul D, Forget, Fabian R, Beheregaray, Luciano B
- Authors: Teske, Peter R , Cowley, Paul D , Forget, Fabian R , Beheregaray, Luciano B
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/445690 , vital:74414 , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02595.x
- Description: Eleven polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed from an enrichment library of the roman, Chrysoblephus laticeps, and characterized for 40 individuals collected in Africa's largest and oldest Marine Protected Area (MPA), the Tsitsikamma National Park. The number of alleles per locus ranged from three to 19, and heterozygosities ranged from 0.20 to 0.85. A significant departure from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was detected for one locus, and linkage disequilibrium was identified among three pairs of loci. The markers will be useful to detect whether populations resident in MPAs along the South African coast are genetically connected, and whether there is spillover of recruits into adjacent exploited areas.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Teske, Peter R , Cowley, Paul D , Forget, Fabian R , Beheregaray, Luciano B
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/445690 , vital:74414 , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02595.x
- Description: Eleven polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed from an enrichment library of the roman, Chrysoblephus laticeps, and characterized for 40 individuals collected in Africa's largest and oldest Marine Protected Area (MPA), the Tsitsikamma National Park. The number of alleles per locus ranged from three to 19, and heterozygosities ranged from 0.20 to 0.85. A significant departure from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was detected for one locus, and linkage disequilibrium was identified among three pairs of loci. The markers will be useful to detect whether populations resident in MPAs along the South African coast are genetically connected, and whether there is spillover of recruits into adjacent exploited areas.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Milk production and calf performance in Nguni and crossbred cattle raised on communal rangelands of the Eastern Cape province of South Africa
- Authors: Mapekula, Monde
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Nguni cattle , Communal rangelands -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Dairy processing -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Milk yield -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Amino acids -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Fatty acids
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD (Animal Science)
- Identifier: vital:11813 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/247 , Nguni cattle , Communal rangelands -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Dairy processing -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Milk yield -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Amino acids -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Fatty acids
- Description: Information on milk production could be useful in designing strategies that would help to improve milk production in communal farming systems. This study was conducted to determine milk production and calf performance of Nguni and crossbreds under smallholder cattle production conditions. Four trials were conducted in the study. The objective of the first trial was to determine farmer perceptions on milk production and calf rearing in smallholder areas. Data were obtained from 218 smallholder farmers, using a structured questionnaire. Smallholder farmer sector is constituted by small scale commercial farmers and communal farmers. Small-scale commercial farmers in South Africa obtained farms from the government through land claims or they bought the farms. Their farming background is a communal type. Communal farmers are farmers that are sharing the same grazing land and animals are managed according to the experience of the owner. The findings in this study indicated that there were numerous constraints to milk production in smallholder areas. These included lack of technical expertise and poor veterinary support services. The farmers also indicated that calf performance was low. The second trial was conducted to determine if there were differences in calf performance, gastrointestinal parasites and nutritionally-related blood metabolites between Nguni and crossbred calves. Body weights and faecal samples were collected monthly until weaning at six months. The levels of total protein, albumin, globulins, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), glucose, cholesterol and minerals were determined monthly. Nguni calves had higher birth weights than crossbreds (P<0.05). Average daily gain and weaning weights of Nguni calves were greater than crossbred calves (P<0.05. Nguni calves had lower total protein at early age after birth (P<0.05). However, at weaning Nguni calves had higher total protein than crossbreds (P<0.05). Nguni calves had higher levels of glucose and NEFA concentrations than crossbred calves (P<0.05). In the third trial, milk utilisation patterns in smallholder areas of the Eastern Cape were assessed. Cattle owners (n = 130) were randomly selected in three different regions to determine milk consumption patterns, milk sales, prices and factors influencing these activities. The information was gathered using milk recording sheets, which were administered in February (early lactation) and June (late lactation) in 2009. Milk consumption per household was similar among the three districts (P>0.05). Milk was utilised as both fresh and sour. Fresh milk was utilised with tea/coffee and porridge. Excess fresh milk was utilised to feed pets (mostly cats and puppies). The puppies were fed on mostly whey, and, at times, on fresh milk. Sour milk was utilised to prepare of umvubo (a mixture of sour milk and scrambled porridge (umphokoqo) or a mixture of sour milk and bread). In some cases, excess milk was given to neighbours as a form of social investment and fame. The quality of milk from Nguni and crossbred cows was compared in the fourth trial. Milk samples were evaluated for quality in early (February), mid (April) and late (June) lactation in 2009. The essential amino acids, non-essential amino acids and fatty acids were determined. Nguni milk had higher amino acids and fatty acids concentration than crossbreds (P<0.05). Nguni milk had higher arginine levels in the early and mid lactation periods compared to crossbred cows (P<0.05). Nguni milk had higher methionine and threonine levels than crossbred cows (P<0.05). Methionine levels in Nguni were 0.15, 0.19 and 0.18 in early, mid and late lactation while crossbred had 0.05, 0.05 and 0.06 (g/100ml), respectively. There were significant interactions between lactation stage and genotype for lysine levels with Nguni milk having higher (P<0.05) lysine levels in the mid and late lactation periods. Nguni cows had higher tyrosine, glycine and proline levels than crossbred cows (P<0.05). In the early lactation, Nguni cows had higher serine levels than crossbred cows (P<0.05). In mid lactation crossbred cows had higher serine levels than Nguni cows (P<0.05). There were significant differences between genotypes on fatty acid composition. Nguni milk had higher C12:0 levels than crossbreds (P<0.05). However, milk from crossbred cows had higher C14:0 levels than that for Nguni cows (P<0.05) and also had higher levels of C16:0 and C18:0 fatty acids compared to Nguni cows. Crossbred milk had higher levels of C18n1n9t in early lactation period than Nguni and decreased as the stage of lactation progressed (P<0.05). In the early lactation, the levels of C18n1nC in Nguni milk were higher (P<0.05) than in late lactation. In the mid and late lactation, crossbred cows milk had higher C18n1nC levels than in early lactation (P<0.05). Lactation stage and genotype affected saturated fatty, monounsaturated fatty acids, cis-fatty acids and omega 3 (n-3) to omega 6 (n-6). In general, Nguni milk had higher mineral composition than crossbred milk (P<0.05). In conclusion, Nguni calves performed better than crossbred calves under communal rangelands. There is a need for crossing Nguni cows with dairy breeds in commercial dairying by smalhoder farmers as a strategy for improving both milk quality and quantity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Mapekula, Monde
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Nguni cattle , Communal rangelands -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Dairy processing -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Milk yield -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Amino acids -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Fatty acids
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD (Animal Science)
- Identifier: vital:11813 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/247 , Nguni cattle , Communal rangelands -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Dairy processing -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Milk yield -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Amino acids -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Fatty acids
- Description: Information on milk production could be useful in designing strategies that would help to improve milk production in communal farming systems. This study was conducted to determine milk production and calf performance of Nguni and crossbreds under smallholder cattle production conditions. Four trials were conducted in the study. The objective of the first trial was to determine farmer perceptions on milk production and calf rearing in smallholder areas. Data were obtained from 218 smallholder farmers, using a structured questionnaire. Smallholder farmer sector is constituted by small scale commercial farmers and communal farmers. Small-scale commercial farmers in South Africa obtained farms from the government through land claims or they bought the farms. Their farming background is a communal type. Communal farmers are farmers that are sharing the same grazing land and animals are managed according to the experience of the owner. The findings in this study indicated that there were numerous constraints to milk production in smallholder areas. These included lack of technical expertise and poor veterinary support services. The farmers also indicated that calf performance was low. The second trial was conducted to determine if there were differences in calf performance, gastrointestinal parasites and nutritionally-related blood metabolites between Nguni and crossbred calves. Body weights and faecal samples were collected monthly until weaning at six months. The levels of total protein, albumin, globulins, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), glucose, cholesterol and minerals were determined monthly. Nguni calves had higher birth weights than crossbreds (P<0.05). Average daily gain and weaning weights of Nguni calves were greater than crossbred calves (P<0.05. Nguni calves had lower total protein at early age after birth (P<0.05). However, at weaning Nguni calves had higher total protein than crossbreds (P<0.05). Nguni calves had higher levels of glucose and NEFA concentrations than crossbred calves (P<0.05). In the third trial, milk utilisation patterns in smallholder areas of the Eastern Cape were assessed. Cattle owners (n = 130) were randomly selected in three different regions to determine milk consumption patterns, milk sales, prices and factors influencing these activities. The information was gathered using milk recording sheets, which were administered in February (early lactation) and June (late lactation) in 2009. Milk consumption per household was similar among the three districts (P>0.05). Milk was utilised as both fresh and sour. Fresh milk was utilised with tea/coffee and porridge. Excess fresh milk was utilised to feed pets (mostly cats and puppies). The puppies were fed on mostly whey, and, at times, on fresh milk. Sour milk was utilised to prepare of umvubo (a mixture of sour milk and scrambled porridge (umphokoqo) or a mixture of sour milk and bread). In some cases, excess milk was given to neighbours as a form of social investment and fame. The quality of milk from Nguni and crossbred cows was compared in the fourth trial. Milk samples were evaluated for quality in early (February), mid (April) and late (June) lactation in 2009. The essential amino acids, non-essential amino acids and fatty acids were determined. Nguni milk had higher amino acids and fatty acids concentration than crossbreds (P<0.05). Nguni milk had higher arginine levels in the early and mid lactation periods compared to crossbred cows (P<0.05). Nguni milk had higher methionine and threonine levels than crossbred cows (P<0.05). Methionine levels in Nguni were 0.15, 0.19 and 0.18 in early, mid and late lactation while crossbred had 0.05, 0.05 and 0.06 (g/100ml), respectively. There were significant interactions between lactation stage and genotype for lysine levels with Nguni milk having higher (P<0.05) lysine levels in the mid and late lactation periods. Nguni cows had higher tyrosine, glycine and proline levels than crossbred cows (P<0.05). In the early lactation, Nguni cows had higher serine levels than crossbred cows (P<0.05). In mid lactation crossbred cows had higher serine levels than Nguni cows (P<0.05). There were significant differences between genotypes on fatty acid composition. Nguni milk had higher C12:0 levels than crossbreds (P<0.05). However, milk from crossbred cows had higher C14:0 levels than that for Nguni cows (P<0.05) and also had higher levels of C16:0 and C18:0 fatty acids compared to Nguni cows. Crossbred milk had higher levels of C18n1n9t in early lactation period than Nguni and decreased as the stage of lactation progressed (P<0.05). In the early lactation, the levels of C18n1nC in Nguni milk were higher (P<0.05) than in late lactation. In the mid and late lactation, crossbred cows milk had higher C18n1nC levels than in early lactation (P<0.05). Lactation stage and genotype affected saturated fatty, monounsaturated fatty acids, cis-fatty acids and omega 3 (n-3) to omega 6 (n-6). In general, Nguni milk had higher mineral composition than crossbred milk (P<0.05). In conclusion, Nguni calves performed better than crossbred calves under communal rangelands. There is a need for crossing Nguni cows with dairy breeds in commercial dairying by smalhoder farmers as a strategy for improving both milk quality and quantity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Mobile monitors: protecting the will of the people
- Authors: Dugmore, Harry
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/159377 , vital:40292 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC139912
- Description: The use of mobile phone technology in recent African elections has empowered citizens, allowing them to put in place the checks and balances needed to make elections freer and fairer in Africa - and elsewhere in the world, writes Harry Dugmore.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Dugmore, Harry
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/159377 , vital:40292 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC139912
- Description: The use of mobile phone technology in recent African elections has empowered citizens, allowing them to put in place the checks and balances needed to make elections freer and fairer in Africa - and elsewhere in the world, writes Harry Dugmore.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Modelling and intelligent control of vehicle climatronic systems
- Sun, Jie
- Authors: Sun, Jie
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Automobiles -- Air conditioning , Automobiles -- Motors -- Cooling systems , Automobiles -- Heating and ventilation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9600 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1118 , Automobiles -- Air conditioning , Automobiles -- Motors -- Cooling systems , Automobiles -- Heating and ventilation
- Description: The modelling and control method of a vehicle climatronic system, based on MATLAB/SIMULINK, is presented. In order to achieve high modelling accuracy, a developed simulation model library is introduced. The modelling approach is described and the developed models are validated with some of experimental data obtained. The models are nonlinear, independent of fluid type and based on thermo-dynamic principles. Analysis of the cooling circuit modelling and empirical real-time control models are created by using Fuzzy logic controller and Stateflow. Both of control input and output are implemented essentially at original vehicle CAN-Bus system. Feasible digital automatic control strategy basic to fuzzy theory, hardware and software solution are given. The simulation experiment is achieved with the Hardware-in-Loop technology. This control methodology is easily operated and worth applying for any further studies or methods.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Sun, Jie
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Automobiles -- Air conditioning , Automobiles -- Motors -- Cooling systems , Automobiles -- Heating and ventilation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9600 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1118 , Automobiles -- Air conditioning , Automobiles -- Motors -- Cooling systems , Automobiles -- Heating and ventilation
- Description: The modelling and control method of a vehicle climatronic system, based on MATLAB/SIMULINK, is presented. In order to achieve high modelling accuracy, a developed simulation model library is introduced. The modelling approach is described and the developed models are validated with some of experimental data obtained. The models are nonlinear, independent of fluid type and based on thermo-dynamic principles. Analysis of the cooling circuit modelling and empirical real-time control models are created by using Fuzzy logic controller and Stateflow. Both of control input and output are implemented essentially at original vehicle CAN-Bus system. Feasible digital automatic control strategy basic to fuzzy theory, hardware and software solution are given. The simulation experiment is achieved with the Hardware-in-Loop technology. This control methodology is easily operated and worth applying for any further studies or methods.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009