The determination of acetaminophen using a carbon nanotube: graphite-based electrode
- Authors: Moghaddam, Abdolmajid B , Mohammadi, Ali , Mohammadi, Somaye , Rayeji, Danyal , Dinarvand, Rassoul , Baghi, Mansoureh , Walker, Roderick B
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: Article , text
- Identifier: vital:6414 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006509
- Description: The oxidation of acetaminophen was studied at a glassy carbon electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes and a graphite paste. Cyclic voltammety, differential pulse voltammetry and square wave voltammetry at various pH values, scan rates, and the effect of the ratio of nanotubes to graphite were investigated in order to optimize the parameters for the determination of acetaminophen. Square wave voltammetry is the most appropriate technique in giving a characteristic peak at 0.52 V at pH 5. The porous nanostructure of the electrode improves the surface area which results in an increase in the peak current. The voltammetric response is linear in the range between 75 and 2000 ng.mL−1, with standard deviations between 0.25 and 7.8%, and a limit of detection of 25 ng.mL−1. The method has been successfully applied to the analysis of acetaminophen in tablets and biological fluids.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
The effects of economic incentives in controlling pollution in the South African leather industry: die uitwerking van ekonomiese insentiewe op die beheer van besoedeling in die Suid-Afrikaanse leerbedryf
- Authors: Mowat, Shaun P , Antrobus, Geoffrey G , Fraser, Gavin C G
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/143057 , vital:38197 , DOI: 10.1080/03031853.1997.9523487
- Description: Pollution of the environment is becoming an increasingly serious problem. A large contributor to this is industry which generates effluent as a by-product of its production process. Two methods of controlling the pollution generated by industry are the so-called “command and control” techniques and economic incentives. In theory, economic incentives promise a more economically efficient and equitable means of pollution control. This paper sets out to ascertain whether this would hold in practice by applying environmental economic theory to the practical problem of controlling the effluent generated by one particular industry, viz the South African leather industry.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
The effects of point of substitution on the electrochemical behavior of new manganese phthalocyanines, tetra-substituted with diethylaminoethanethiol
- Authors: Akinbulu, Isaac Adebayo , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/249137 , vital:51781 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2010.06.003"
- Description: The syntheses and comparative studies of the spectral, voltammetry and spectroelectrochemical properties of new manganese phthalocyanine complexes, tetra-substituted with diethylaminoethanethio at the peripheral (complex 3a) and non-peripheral positions (complex 3b) are reported. Solution electrochemistry of complex 3a showed quasi-reversible metal-based (MnIIIPc−2/MnIIPc−2, E1/2 = −0.07 V vs. Ag|AgCl) and ring-based (MnIIPc−2/MnIIPc−3, E1/2 = −0.78 V vs. Ag|AgCl) reductions, but no ring-based oxidation. However, complex 3b showed weak irreversible ring-oxidation signal (Ep = +0.86 vs. Ag|AgCl). Reversible metal-based (MnIIIPc−2/MnIIPc−2, E1/2 = −0.04 V vs. Ag|AgCl) and ring-based (MnIIPc−2/MnIIPc−3, E1/2 = −0.68 V vs. Ag|AgCl) reductions were also observed for complex 3b. Spectroelectrochemistry was used to confirm these processes. Reduction process involving the metal (MnIIIPc−2/MnIIPc−2) was associated with the formation of manganese μ-oxo complex in complex 3a.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
The effects of point of substitution on the formation of manganese phthalocyanine-based molecular materials
- Authors: Akinbulu, Isaac Adebayo , Khene, Samson , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/249103 , vital:51778 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2010.08.145"
- Description: Molecular films of manganese phthalocyanine (MnPc) complexes, tetra-substituted with 2-diethylaminoethanethio at the peripheral (Mn(OAc)-β-TDEAETPc, 1) and non-peripheral (Mn(OAc)-α-TDEAETPc, 2) positions were formed on glassy carbon electrode by electropolymerization and electrodeposition respectively. Atomic force microscopy images confirmed the presence of the films and revealed significant morphological differences. The films exhibited an electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of the insecticide, bendiocarb. Hydrodynamic technique, using rotating disc electrode voltammetry, was used to investigate the kinetics of electro-oxidation of the insecticide. Morphological differences of the films significantly influenced kinetic parameters. Values of Tafel slopes, obtained from Tafel plots, suggested that catalysis of bendiocarb occurred via outer sphere mechanism.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
The Fishes of Zimbabwe and their Biology
- Authors: Marshall, Brian
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Estuarine fishes -- Zimbabwe , Estuarine fishes -- Africa, Southern , Fishes -- Africa, Southern -- Identification , Estuaries -- Africa, Southern
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/167948 , vital:41524
- Description: The first comprehensive book on the fishes of Zimbabwe appeared in 1961 and was written by Rex Jubb. He followed it with a major treatise on the fishes of southern Africa published in 1967. These books were published at a time when interest in fishes – partly stimulated by the creation of Lake Kariba –was growing, and they were welcomed by anglers and scientists alike. Zimbabwean ichthyology progressed rapidly during the years following their publication and knowledge about our fishes grew steadily. New insights and understanding of their systematics led to numerous taxonomic revisions, bringing with them inevitable changes to their scientific names. At the same time increased collecting meant that new species were being added to the Zimbabwean list. By the early 1970s Jubb’s books had become outdated and there was a clear need for a new volume on the fishes of this country. The National Museums and Monuments met this need by publishing Graham Bell-Cross’ The Fishes of Rhodesia in 1976. This book was available at a remarkably low price and such was its popularity that it was soon out of print. It rapidly became outdated as well and was revised by John Minshull as the Fishes of Zimbabwe, published in 1988. This version had a number of new features such as the inclusion of exotic species and species discovered in the country since 1976, as well as name changes brought about by new developments in taxonomy. It, too, was available at a very low price and has proved to be very popular; the demand was so great that it was reprinted without alteration in the 1990s. By this time, however, it had also become outdated and there was a need for yet another revision, or for a completely new type of book. I have chosen the latter option in preparing this book, since there seemed little point in attempting to revise the earlier ones within their original format. I felt that it would not be desirable to produce another field guide type of book that would have to compete with Paul Skelton’s superb volume, A Complete Guide to the Freshwater Fishes of Southern Africa, first published in 1993, with a second edition eight years later. Instead, I decided that I should try to summarise the existing data about fishes in Zimbabwe. My dealings with students and inexperienced fish biologists has made it clear that many of them do not know what work has been done, or not done, on Zimbabwe’s fishes and they are not familiar with the literature. Much of it is, in any case, to be found in obscure publications that are not readily available in Zimbabwean libraries, which have declined in recent years and no longer subscribe to major international journals or even to local ones. This makes it very difficult to keep up with information or to track it down. I am aware, of course, that such a book will never be complete and may already be outdated at the time of its publication, but I hope that it will supply the basic background information for anyone interested in Zimbabwean fishes and provide a platform from which further studies can be launched. Wherever possible, I have used only data from Zimbabwe, although there may be an extensive literature from other countries for widespread or economically important species, such as Clarias gariepinus or Oreochromis mossambicus. This was a conscious decision because I wanted to summarise what is known about the fish in this country, so that other workers can assess what still needs to be done. Nevertheless, I have used some data from outside Zimbabwe, especially for fish from the upper Zambezi because of its relevance to our situation. As far as possible I have tried to use only published works as references, with the exception of university theses and some institutional reports, since most unpublished work is generally difficult to locate and ephemeral. The scientific names of fishes often change as systematic knowledge advances and the reader will note that there have been many changes since Bell-Cross & Minshull (1988) was published. Common names are a problem because of local variations and anglers in particular have various names (or nicknames) for popular angling species; I have used the standard names with these other names included in brackets where necessary.
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- Date Issued: 2010
The gap between what 'ought' to be and what students want
- Authors: Boshoff, Priscilla A
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70812 , vital:29747
- Description: There’s no curriculum! There’s no curriculum!” The young man in the focus group was so frustrated that he had to repeat himself, not just once, but several times. I had just asked the group what their feelings were about their second-year coursework. His sentiments were echoed by many of the students in the group, all of whom had passed the rigorous application process into second year at Rhodes University’s School of Journalism and Media Studies.
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- Date Issued: 2010
The genus Boccardia (Polychaeta: Spionidae) associated with mollusc shells on the south coast of South Africa
- Authors: Simon, Carol A , Worsfold, T M , Lange, Louise , Sterley, Jessica A
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6873 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011620 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0025315409990452
- Description: Three species of Boccardia (B. polybranchia, B. pseudonatrix and B. proboscidea) were associated with mollusc shells on the south and south-east coasts of South Africa. Boccardia polybranchia was widely distributed along the coast and falls within the known distribution range of this species. Comparisons with material from other, international, locations showed that some specimens have been misidentified. No characters could be found to characterize distinct species for different regions within the range of B. polybranchia, as currently recognized. Boccardia pseudonatrix was found only at the most eastern site, increasing its known distribution range. Boccardia proboscidea, a non-indigenous species, was found only on abalone farms and was most abundant in the west.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
The geochemistry and evolution of Palaeogene phonolites, central Namibia:
- Authors: Marsh, Julian S
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/145000 , vital:38399 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2010.02.012
- Description: Phonolites of Palaeogene age occur at two different localities in central Namibia, occurring as clusters of eroded monogenetic lava domes. Six phonolites at Aris collectively exhibit a narrow compositional range and represent a single magma system of highly evolved phonolite with high concentrations of Na2O, Rb, Th, Zr, Zn, Pb, and REE and very low abundances of MgO, P2O5, Sr and Ba. No mafic rocks are associated with the Aris phonolites and their ultimate petrogenetic origin remains obscure. The more abundant Staalhart phonolites exhibit more variable but scattered compositional variation consistent with fractional crystallization dominated by sanidine (and nepheline) and pyroxene. The behaviour of REE is decoupled from Zr, Nb, and Th in this suite indicating a controlling role for minor phases in their evolution. The least evolved phonolites have initial 87Sr/86Sr 0.7043, which is identical to a small occurrence of associated plagioclase-bearing nephelinite indicating a possible petrogenetic link.
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- Date Issued: 2010
The Makana Regional Centre of expertise: Experiments in social learning
- Authors: Lotz-Sisitka, Heila , O'Donoghue, Rob B , Wilmot, P Dianne
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/182634 , vital:43849 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1177/097340820900400114"
- Description: This article deliberates the possibilities for Regional Centres of Expertise (RCEs) to become ‘experiments’ in social learning. The purpose of the article is to advance the broader research agenda of RCEs through reflection on the empirical research agenda of one RCE, Makana RCE in South Africa. As such it opens questions on how we might see RCE’s as morphogenic social learning processes (i.e., processes of social change). It provides an oversight of the key issues, educational foci and developing areas of engagement in the Makana RCE. These provide an overview of the ‘starting points’ for social learning in the Makana RCE. A model of social learning is also provided which seeks to engage the ecocultural nature of sustainability practices in the Makana RCE.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
The Oppressor's Pathology
- Authors: Tabensky, Pedro
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/305750 , vital:58609 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.3167/th.2010.5712505"
- Description: In Black Skin, White Masks Frantz Fanon discusses the neurotic condition that typifies the oppressed black subject, their ‘psychoexistential complex’. He argues that this neurotic condition is closely related to another, the ‘psychoexistential complex’ of the white oppressor. Both of these complexes sustain and are sustained by social and economic injustice. But Fanon does not delve in detail into the nature of this second neurosis, for he was primarily interested in discussing this neurosis only insofar as it helps him understand the first. My aim in this paper is to provide an account of the white neurosis, and why it should be understood literally as a neurotic condition. Typical, white oppressors, not solely those who are militantly committed to oppressing others, are alienated from the world and from themselves, making their behaviour seem like that of soulless dolls, to use J.M. Coetzee’s image from Age of Iron.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
The Pursuit of Unhappiness
- Authors: Tabensky, Pedro
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/305774 , vital:58611 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/00048400903521041"
- Description: Book review: I strongly recommend The Pursuit of Unhappiness to anyone interested in knowing where debates on happiness and well-being are at, and for a rich, intricately argued and thought-provoking engagement with an impressive array of literature in both philosophy and psychology. This book provides the most comprehensive and sophisticated interdisciplinary cutting-edge analysis of the ‘mongrel’ concepts of happiness and well-being that I know of, and it should be considered a central text for anyone interested in research on happiness. There will be plenty of material to disagree with, but any serious attempt to make progress in the debates on happiness will have to engage with The Pursuit of Unhappiness.
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- Date Issued: 2010
The relationship between leadership style and employee engagement in Sasol Gas, South Africa
- Authors: Duma, Thobile
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/64034 , vital:28524
- Description: The main purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a significant relationship between leadership styles of Sasol Gas leaders and their followers’ level of employee engagement. The instruments used in the study were the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) (Form 5X) and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES 9). The MLQ (5X) was completed by the followers and leaders of Sasol Gas to determine whether Sasol Gas leaders use transactional, transformational and/or laissez-faire leadership styles. The work engagement instrument was completed by each follower to determine current levels of employee engagement. Descriptive statistics were obtained and correlations completed for the data to determine whether the different leadership styles exhibit different levels of engagement. The MLQ survey results indicate that leaders of Sasol Gas have more transformational than transactional leadership styles. The UWES 9 measured the three factors of vigour, dedication, and absorption; dedication had the highest mean compared to vigour and absorption, indicating that Sasol Gas employees strongly identify themselves with their work because it is experienced as meaningful, inspiring, and challenging. This research found a statistically significant, albeit weak, relationship between transformational and transactional leadership styles and employee engagement. This is a positive reflection of the current Sasol Gas leaders because empirical evidence shows that transformational leadership behaviours are more successful for attaining and fulfilling goals during organisational change.
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- Date Issued: 2010
The role of processors, wholesalers and retailers in the marketing of food in South Africa:
- Authors: Antrobus, Geoffrey G
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/143090 , vital:38200 , DOI: 10.1080/03031853.1979.9524558
- Description: The importance of the middlemen of marketing was recently high-lighted with the publication of a thirty item 'food basket' for South Africa. While the producer's share of the foodbasket is usually of chief interest to the farmers of our country and often to agricultural economists, the field of traditional agricultural marketing takes in the whole area from farm gate to consumer's table.
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- Date Issued: 2010
The role of the web in the promotion of African languages
- Authors: Maseko, Pamela , Nosilela, Bulelwa B , Sam, Msindisi , Terzoli, Alfredo , Dalvit, Lorenzo
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/431370 , vital:72768
- Description: In this article we explore the possible contribution of the Web in promot-ing the use and status of African languages. Participation in sharing and producing knowledge through the Web can play a key role in the eco-nomic, social and educational development of Africa. While physical ac-cess to information is hampered by lack of infrastructure and connectivi-ty, epistemological access is hampered by the use of English. Re-sources in African languages are available. Until the amount of Web content and the number of users reach critical mass, these resources play a symbolic rather than an instrumental role in promoting African lan-guages. The use of electronic resources available on the Web could contribute to cutting the printing and transport cost of paper material, es-pecially in multilingual settings where many languages would have to be represented. Another practical way in which the Web can promote the development of African languages is to promote communication among their speakers. This is already showing its potential by allowing experts from various disciplines to work collaboratively on the development of new indigenous terminology through mailing lists and chat rooms. On a larger scale, the Web can play a unifying function among speakers of different varieties of the same African language.
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- Date Issued: 2010
The SANTED Virtual Classroom Project: A case study
- Authors: Mufeti, Tulimevava K , Thinyane, Hannah , Terzoli, Alfredo , Foster, Greg
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/430784 , vital:72715 , https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/5753006
- Description: The SANTED Virtual Classroom Project is a collaboration initiative of the Departments of Computer Science at Rhodes University and the University of Namibia, conceptualized in 2007 and operational since 2008. The project aims to build capacity in the Computer Science De-partment at the University of Namibia through curriculum development and delivery, staff development and sharing of resources. This paper gives a detailed description of the project, highlighting how it was con-ceived, its aims and objectives, its aspirations and challenges, as well as some of the successes achieved to date.
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- Date Issued: 2010
The Scope of Teaching and Learning in Environmental Education
- Authors: Lotz-Sisitka, Heila
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/183037 , vital:43906 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/172809"
- Description: Environmental Education involves a variety of teaching and learning processes which are diversely situated in a range of social and educational contexts. The diversity of scope is an interesting 'contour' of a field like environmental education. Contemporary environmental sciences and complexity studies draw our attention to an ever-changing world and to increasingly complex social-ecological issues, patterns and risks that require our attention. These too influence the scope of environmental education teaching and learning processes. This edition of the Southern African Journal of Environmental Education provides a window through which we may see some of the scope of environmental education activities, research questions, learning and teaching settings, and educational activity. It provides insight into the range of research methodologies that are being deployed to investigate the educational processes that are needed for re-orientation towards sustainability, equity, adaptability and transformation at the people-environment interface.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2010
The South African constitutional court and the rule of law: the Masethla judgment, a cause for concern?
- Authors: Krüger, Rósaan
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/68930 , vital:29340 , http://ref.scielo.org/22p54n
- Description: Publisher version , The rule of law as a foundational constitutional value constrains the exercise of public power but the precise limits of the constraints it sets are not well defined. In Masethla v President of the Republic of South Africa, the majority of the Constitutional Court opted for an interpretation of this value that frees the President from adherence to the demands of procedural fairness when exercising certain constitutional powers. This note will investigate the soundness of that interpretation against the background of theoretical expositions of the rule of law and earlier Constitutional Court judgments.
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- Date Issued: 2010
The synthesis and fluorescence behaviour of phthalocyanines unsymmetrically substituted with naphthol and carboxy groups
- Authors: Nombona, Nolwazi , Antunes, Edith M , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/261534 , vital:53418 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2009.11.010"
- Description: Unsymmetrically substituted phthalocyanines 8,15,22-tris-(naphtho)-2-(carboxy)phthalocyanine, [8,15,22-tris-(naphtho)-2-(carboxy)phthalocyanato]zinc(II), 8,15,22-tris-(naphtho)-4,5-(3-carboxy-1,2-dioxyphenyl)phthalocyanine and [8,15,22-tris-(naphtho)-4,5-(3-carboxy-1,2-dioxyphenoxy)phthalocyanato]zinc(II) were prepared using the mixed phthalonitrile cyclotetramerization of 3-(1-naphthoxy) phthalonitrile with a carboxylic acid phthalonitrile. The phthalocyanines were separated using column chromatography employing a mixture of THF, ammonia and water. The novel compounds were characterized using UV–Vis, IR, 1H NMR and mass spectrometry as well as elemental analysis. Fluorescence quantum yields were found to range from 0.05 to 0.16.
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- Date Issued: 2010
The synthesis and photophysical properties of novel cationic tetra pyridiloxy substituted aluminium, silicon and titanium phthalocyanines in water
- Authors: Masilela, Nkosiphile , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/249159 , vital:51783 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2010.04.011"
- Description: This work reports on the synthesis, characterisation and photophysical properties of new unquaternized β-2,(3)-tetra-(2 pyridiloxy) aluminium(III) (3a), silicon(IV) (3b), titanium(IV) (3c) phthalocyanines and their water-soluble quaternized counterparts, 4a, 4b and 4c, respectively. The water-soluble silicon(IV) (4b) and titanium(IV) (4c) phthalocyanine derivatives were found to be aggregated in aqueous media but were partially or fully disaggregated in the presence of a surfactant Cremophor® EL (CEL). The photophysical properties of aggregated complexes were investigated both in the presence of CEL and in pH 11 alone. Low triplet and fluorescence yield were obtained in pH 11 but an improvement was achieved upon addition of CEL for the aggregated complexes. The unquaternized silicon(IV) phthalocyanine complex (3b) gave the highest triplet quantum yield of 0.77 in DMF followed by its quaternized derivative (4b) with triplet yield of 0.73 in pH 11 plus CEL. The highest triplet lifetime of 220 μs was obtained for 4b in the presence of CEL. Higher fluorescence yields of 0.23 were obtained for quaternized water-soluble aluminium(III) phthalocyanine derivative (4a) in the presence of CEL.
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- Date Issued: 2010
The use and appreciation of botanical gardens as urban green spaces in South Africa
- Authors: Ward, Catherine D , Parker, Caitlin M , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181146 , vital:43702 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2009.11.001"
- Description: There are few formal studies on the contribution of botanical gardens as urban green spaces, particularly within developing countries. Therefore, this paper reports on an assessment of the use and appreciation of botanical gardens as urban green spaces in South Africa. Users and staff were surveyed in six national botanical gardens. The gardens provided numerous benefits in terms of conservation, education and recreation. However, the people using the gardens were not demographically representative of the general population of the surrounding city or town. Generally, most of the visitors were middle- to old-aged, well-educated professionals with medium to high incomes. Most were white and English was their home language. There was an even gender representation. Most visited only a few times per year. The majority of users visited the gardens for recreation and psychological reasons rather than educational ones. However, the staff of each garden placed emphasis on education in the gardens and amongst surrounding schools. Most visitors appreciated the conservation dimensions of botanical gardens, and felt that there was insufficient public green space in their town or city. Understanding how people perceive and use the botanical gardens of South Africa is important to inform future research and strategies regarding the conservation of urban green space within a developing country.
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- Date Issued: 2010