Environmental health work methods and procedures for the surveillance and control of cholera in the KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa
- Authors: Bigara, Ana Doherty
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Avian influenza -- Eastern Cape -- South Africa -- Prevention , Environmental health -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9836 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1016073
- Description: The aim of this study was to develop a standardised set of Environmental-Health work methods and procedures, with the purpose of contributing to the effective surveillance and control of Cholera in the KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. The researcher followed a qualitative research design, which was explorative, descriptive, inductive and deductive by nature. The methods of data collection were documentary research and focus-group interviews. A documentary research approach was employed as the primary method of data collection for the study. The researcher has used semi-structured questions to obtain relevant information from the participants in the focus groups. The purpose of using semi-structured questions in the focus groups was to draw on their knowledge and experience of communicable disease surveillance and control in relation to Cholera, as well as to ascertain their views on the role of the Environmental-Health Practitioners in the Communicable - Disease Outbreak- Response Teams at the three different spheres of government. The process of qualitative data analysis was followed. This was based on data reduction and interpretation; and it was conducted as an activity simultaneously with data collection, data interpretation (coding) and narrative writing. The information obtained from the analysed data assisted in the development of the environmentalhealth work methods and procedures for the surveillance and control of Cholera in the KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. In this study, firstly, the epidemiology of Cholera was described and analysed against the background of its manifestation in South Africa. Secondly, the national health care system, with specific reference to the place and role of environmental health practitioners at national, provincial and municipal spheres – in relation to Cholera surveillance and control – was analysed. Thirdly, the relevant research that has been done globally has been analysed against the background of the findings of the above, together with work methods and procedures to be used by environmental-health practitioners during the surveillance and control of Cholera in the KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. These include, inter alia: Work methods and procedures for Cholera case investigation; Work methods and procedures for sanitary investigations; and Work methods and procedures for identifying the sources of contamination in environmental waters. Finally, the conclusion and limitations was presented, and appropriate recommendations were made. These include: he need to educate all role - players, on the recent developments in the identification of Vibrio cholerae from environmental surface waters; Communication systems should be developed that allow the Director: Environmental Health to communicate urgent environmental health information directly to the Minister of Health; he training of environmental-health practitioners on detailed work methods and procedures for the surveillance and control of Cholera; and the existing national Cholera control guidelines need to be updated to include relevant environmental health situations when emergencies arise.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Bigara, Ana Doherty
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Avian influenza -- Eastern Cape -- South Africa -- Prevention , Environmental health -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9836 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1016073
- Description: The aim of this study was to develop a standardised set of Environmental-Health work methods and procedures, with the purpose of contributing to the effective surveillance and control of Cholera in the KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. The researcher followed a qualitative research design, which was explorative, descriptive, inductive and deductive by nature. The methods of data collection were documentary research and focus-group interviews. A documentary research approach was employed as the primary method of data collection for the study. The researcher has used semi-structured questions to obtain relevant information from the participants in the focus groups. The purpose of using semi-structured questions in the focus groups was to draw on their knowledge and experience of communicable disease surveillance and control in relation to Cholera, as well as to ascertain their views on the role of the Environmental-Health Practitioners in the Communicable - Disease Outbreak- Response Teams at the three different spheres of government. The process of qualitative data analysis was followed. This was based on data reduction and interpretation; and it was conducted as an activity simultaneously with data collection, data interpretation (coding) and narrative writing. The information obtained from the analysed data assisted in the development of the environmentalhealth work methods and procedures for the surveillance and control of Cholera in the KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. In this study, firstly, the epidemiology of Cholera was described and analysed against the background of its manifestation in South Africa. Secondly, the national health care system, with specific reference to the place and role of environmental health practitioners at national, provincial and municipal spheres – in relation to Cholera surveillance and control – was analysed. Thirdly, the relevant research that has been done globally has been analysed against the background of the findings of the above, together with work methods and procedures to be used by environmental-health practitioners during the surveillance and control of Cholera in the KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. These include, inter alia: Work methods and procedures for Cholera case investigation; Work methods and procedures for sanitary investigations; and Work methods and procedures for identifying the sources of contamination in environmental waters. Finally, the conclusion and limitations was presented, and appropriate recommendations were made. These include: he need to educate all role - players, on the recent developments in the identification of Vibrio cholerae from environmental surface waters; Communication systems should be developed that allow the Director: Environmental Health to communicate urgent environmental health information directly to the Minister of Health; he training of environmental-health practitioners on detailed work methods and procedures for the surveillance and control of Cholera; and the existing national Cholera control guidelines need to be updated to include relevant environmental health situations when emergencies arise.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Environmental politics: the case of the Xolobeni Mining Project in Mbizana, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Authors: Sibane, Nomsa Virginia
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Environmental protection -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Environmental policy -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Conservation of natural resources -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Mining law -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Minerals -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Conflict management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil (Environmental Studies)
- Identifier: vital:11880 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007574 , Environmental protection -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Environmental policy -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Conservation of natural resources -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Mining law -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Minerals -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Conflict management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: This research explored the nature of conflict that arose in Xolobeni, a small area in the Mbizana Local Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, and the environmental politics emanating from the arguments that supported development rather than environmental protection. The proposed mining project was known as the Xolobeni mining development project within the Amadiba Tribal Authority, an area dominated by Pondos or (Mpondos). The Xolobeni area is located between the Mzamba and Mtentu Rivers, covering some 2 867 hectares, and extends for 20km along the coast of the Mbizana Local Municipality, in the Alfred Nzo District Municipality. In 2005, the Minister of the National Department of Minerals and Energy (DME), now known as the Department of Minerals and Petroleum Resources, announced that an Australian company, Transworld Energy and Minerals (TEM) will establish a mining development project in Xolobeni to mine red sand dunes which are contained within five blocks, each named after the river at its southern boundary. These blocks were Mtentu, Sikombe, Kwanyana, Mnyameni and Mphalane. According to the Minerals and Petroleum Resources Development Act (Act 28 of 2002), the Department of Minerals and Energy is the sole custodian of the mining licence and therefore the only Department that issues mining licences. The research investigated the nature of conflict that erupted in Xolobeni after this announcement, resulting in the formation of two groups namely, the Amadiba Crisis Committee (ACC) which represented the communities who were against the mining project in the area and the Xolobeni Local Community (Xolco) which was a Black Economic Empowerment company that represented the communities that supported the mining project and was to receive 26 percent of the proceeds from the mining company. The purpose of the Amadiba Crisis Committee was to channel complaints and grievances of local residents emanating from the mining development project and other development to all relevant authorities so that the Constitutional rights of residents can be respected. The research also investigated the role of each stakeholder in the proposed mining project, namely, local communities in the area, environmentalists, councillors, the National Department of Minerals and Energy, the National Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, the Eastern Cape Department of Economic Development and Environmental Affairs (DEDEA), the traditional authority and the Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature Portfolio Committee on Economic Development and Environmental Affairs. Central to this research was the level of consultation during the proposed mining project. Qualitative and quantitative research methodologies were used to collect data in Xolobeni. Interviews were conducted with the two opposing groups and other various stakeholders including the chieftaincy, environmentalists, councillors and officials in the Department of Economic Development and Environmental Affairs (DEDEA). The researcher used questionnaires in order to get the views of the targeted participants. Eighty questionnaires were distributed among the targeted participants but only forty five were returned. Some of the participants were reluctant to participate in this study because the mining project had not taken place. Secondary data from the Departments of Environment of Affairs nationally and provincially revealed that the Department of Minerals and Energy through its Minister, Bulelwa Sonjica, awarded the mining licence despite recommendations of both Departments not to do so. The Minister of the new Department of Mineral Resources, Susan Shabangu, withdrew the licence and gave three months to Transworld Energy and Minerals to address the outstanding issues raised in the environmental impact assessment (EIA). The data collected revealed that the proposed mining project affected all communities in the Amadiba Tribal Administrative area. The research also illustrated how the Xolobeni community organised themselves and protested against development that intended to force them to relocate from their ancestral land without proper consultation. Issues of sustainable development and environmental protection also formed part of the discussions in this research. While the mining project had stalled, it emerged that the majority of respondents in the area did not want the mining project to proceed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Sibane, Nomsa Virginia
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Environmental protection -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Environmental policy -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Conservation of natural resources -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Mining law -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Minerals -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Conflict management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil (Environmental Studies)
- Identifier: vital:11880 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007574 , Environmental protection -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Environmental policy -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Conservation of natural resources -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Mining law -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Minerals -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Conflict management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: This research explored the nature of conflict that arose in Xolobeni, a small area in the Mbizana Local Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, and the environmental politics emanating from the arguments that supported development rather than environmental protection. The proposed mining project was known as the Xolobeni mining development project within the Amadiba Tribal Authority, an area dominated by Pondos or (Mpondos). The Xolobeni area is located between the Mzamba and Mtentu Rivers, covering some 2 867 hectares, and extends for 20km along the coast of the Mbizana Local Municipality, in the Alfred Nzo District Municipality. In 2005, the Minister of the National Department of Minerals and Energy (DME), now known as the Department of Minerals and Petroleum Resources, announced that an Australian company, Transworld Energy and Minerals (TEM) will establish a mining development project in Xolobeni to mine red sand dunes which are contained within five blocks, each named after the river at its southern boundary. These blocks were Mtentu, Sikombe, Kwanyana, Mnyameni and Mphalane. According to the Minerals and Petroleum Resources Development Act (Act 28 of 2002), the Department of Minerals and Energy is the sole custodian of the mining licence and therefore the only Department that issues mining licences. The research investigated the nature of conflict that erupted in Xolobeni after this announcement, resulting in the formation of two groups namely, the Amadiba Crisis Committee (ACC) which represented the communities who were against the mining project in the area and the Xolobeni Local Community (Xolco) which was a Black Economic Empowerment company that represented the communities that supported the mining project and was to receive 26 percent of the proceeds from the mining company. The purpose of the Amadiba Crisis Committee was to channel complaints and grievances of local residents emanating from the mining development project and other development to all relevant authorities so that the Constitutional rights of residents can be respected. The research also investigated the role of each stakeholder in the proposed mining project, namely, local communities in the area, environmentalists, councillors, the National Department of Minerals and Energy, the National Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, the Eastern Cape Department of Economic Development and Environmental Affairs (DEDEA), the traditional authority and the Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature Portfolio Committee on Economic Development and Environmental Affairs. Central to this research was the level of consultation during the proposed mining project. Qualitative and quantitative research methodologies were used to collect data in Xolobeni. Interviews were conducted with the two opposing groups and other various stakeholders including the chieftaincy, environmentalists, councillors and officials in the Department of Economic Development and Environmental Affairs (DEDEA). The researcher used questionnaires in order to get the views of the targeted participants. Eighty questionnaires were distributed among the targeted participants but only forty five were returned. Some of the participants were reluctant to participate in this study because the mining project had not taken place. Secondary data from the Departments of Environment of Affairs nationally and provincially revealed that the Department of Minerals and Energy through its Minister, Bulelwa Sonjica, awarded the mining licence despite recommendations of both Departments not to do so. The Minister of the new Department of Mineral Resources, Susan Shabangu, withdrew the licence and gave three months to Transworld Energy and Minerals to address the outstanding issues raised in the environmental impact assessment (EIA). The data collected revealed that the proposed mining project affected all communities in the Amadiba Tribal Administrative area. The research also illustrated how the Xolobeni community organised themselves and protested against development that intended to force them to relocate from their ancestral land without proper consultation. Issues of sustainable development and environmental protection also formed part of the discussions in this research. While the mining project had stalled, it emerged that the majority of respondents in the area did not want the mining project to proceed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Ethics and values of informal businesses in the Nelson Mandela Bay area
- Authors: Gaxamba, Thandekile
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Business ethics -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Informal sector (Economics) -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:8890 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020824
- Description: The Nelson Mandela Bay area will be used to investigate the ethical and moral considerations faced by the informal sector. It is generally believed that informal sector businesses are characterised by high levels of unethical behaviour. The informal economy in many developing and under developed countries is large in terms of contribution to GDP and number of participants. The informal economy is largely composed of very small businesses that are not registered. They are not operating from suitable premises but run from homes, street pavements and other informal arrangements. In developing countries, self-employment has a greater share of informal employment than wage employment. It represents 70 percent of informal employment in Sub-Saharan Africa (if South Africa is excluded, the share is 81 percent), 62 percent in North Africa, 60 percent in Latin America and 59 percent in Asia. Consequently, informal wage employment in the developing world constitutes 40 percent of the informal employment outside of agriculture (Becker, 2004). The informal economy is as high as 56 percent of GDP in countries such as Georgia, Zimbabwe and Bolivia, where as it represents about 8 to 12 percent of economic activity in advanced or developed economies (Becker, 2004). In South Africa, informal businesses provide a viable alternative for many who are unable to find jobs in the formal sector of the economy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Gaxamba, Thandekile
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Business ethics -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Informal sector (Economics) -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:8890 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020824
- Description: The Nelson Mandela Bay area will be used to investigate the ethical and moral considerations faced by the informal sector. It is generally believed that informal sector businesses are characterised by high levels of unethical behaviour. The informal economy in many developing and under developed countries is large in terms of contribution to GDP and number of participants. The informal economy is largely composed of very small businesses that are not registered. They are not operating from suitable premises but run from homes, street pavements and other informal arrangements. In developing countries, self-employment has a greater share of informal employment than wage employment. It represents 70 percent of informal employment in Sub-Saharan Africa (if South Africa is excluded, the share is 81 percent), 62 percent in North Africa, 60 percent in Latin America and 59 percent in Asia. Consequently, informal wage employment in the developing world constitutes 40 percent of the informal employment outside of agriculture (Becker, 2004). The informal economy is as high as 56 percent of GDP in countries such as Georgia, Zimbabwe and Bolivia, where as it represents about 8 to 12 percent of economic activity in advanced or developed economies (Becker, 2004). In South Africa, informal businesses provide a viable alternative for many who are unable to find jobs in the formal sector of the economy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Evaluating current energy management strategy : case study of an automotive manufacturer in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Mahlati, Andile
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Power resources -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape – Management , Power resources -- Economic aspects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Fossil fuels -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Greenhouse gases -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:8803 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1017152
- Description: Historically, the most frequently used energy sources have been those nearest and easiest to consume. Unfortunately, society’s reliance on fossil fuel for power generation has occurred at the expense of the environment, coal being a major contribution to carbon dioxide (CO2) emission. Carbon dioxide is classified as a greenhouse gas (GHG); it contributes to the phenomenon of climate change (Haw & Hughes, 2007, p.1). According to Worrell (2011), industry uses nearly 40 percent of worldwide energy on economic activities. Value chain activities alone contribute almost 37 percent to global GHG. Organisations are socially and ethically required to minimise the carbon footprint of their operations. Reducing energy use makes perfect business sense; it saves money, enhances corporate reputations and helps everyone participate the fight against climate change (Carbon Trust, 2011). Gielen, Newman, and Patel (2008) strongly believe the overall energy and emissions trends can be mitigated through additional energy efficiency measures. However, implementing EnMS will enable organisations to establish systematic approaches and the processes necessary to improve energy performance, including energy efficiency, use and consumption (SANS 50001, 2011). The objective of this paper was to evaluate the current energy management strategy adopted by selected automotive manufacture in Eastern Cape. The research was motivated by the fact that previous researchers have focused more on technological aspects and less of management functions. The research paradigm followed in this paper was qualitative because a case study is used to gain an insight and understanding about more and less successful energy management strategies. In this report, background about the global energy outlook and its significant to economic development, factors behind energy demands, the link to climate change and providing effective energy management principles are covered. The energy management principles covered key elements for delivering successful energy management. Literature highlighted that, senior management commitment is the foundation of good energy management, which is delivered through a formal energy policy and a supporting energy strategy with action plan. High level commitment will provide: Advocacy from senior managers; Visibility of the issues across your organization; Impetus for the organisation to implement energy management; Resources, both human and financial. It will also demonstrate that good energy management is part of your organisation’s mission and as relevant as other management aspects. The empirical study is focused on the characteristics of the current management system and organisational structure employed with its relevant functions. Based on these reference points the paper concludes with recommendations for the case study organisation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Mahlati, Andile
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Power resources -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape – Management , Power resources -- Economic aspects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Fossil fuels -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Greenhouse gases -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:8803 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1017152
- Description: Historically, the most frequently used energy sources have been those nearest and easiest to consume. Unfortunately, society’s reliance on fossil fuel for power generation has occurred at the expense of the environment, coal being a major contribution to carbon dioxide (CO2) emission. Carbon dioxide is classified as a greenhouse gas (GHG); it contributes to the phenomenon of climate change (Haw & Hughes, 2007, p.1). According to Worrell (2011), industry uses nearly 40 percent of worldwide energy on economic activities. Value chain activities alone contribute almost 37 percent to global GHG. Organisations are socially and ethically required to minimise the carbon footprint of their operations. Reducing energy use makes perfect business sense; it saves money, enhances corporate reputations and helps everyone participate the fight against climate change (Carbon Trust, 2011). Gielen, Newman, and Patel (2008) strongly believe the overall energy and emissions trends can be mitigated through additional energy efficiency measures. However, implementing EnMS will enable organisations to establish systematic approaches and the processes necessary to improve energy performance, including energy efficiency, use and consumption (SANS 50001, 2011). The objective of this paper was to evaluate the current energy management strategy adopted by selected automotive manufacture in Eastern Cape. The research was motivated by the fact that previous researchers have focused more on technological aspects and less of management functions. The research paradigm followed in this paper was qualitative because a case study is used to gain an insight and understanding about more and less successful energy management strategies. In this report, background about the global energy outlook and its significant to economic development, factors behind energy demands, the link to climate change and providing effective energy management principles are covered. The energy management principles covered key elements for delivering successful energy management. Literature highlighted that, senior management commitment is the foundation of good energy management, which is delivered through a formal energy policy and a supporting energy strategy with action plan. High level commitment will provide: Advocacy from senior managers; Visibility of the issues across your organization; Impetus for the organisation to implement energy management; Resources, both human and financial. It will also demonstrate that good energy management is part of your organisation’s mission and as relevant as other management aspects. The empirical study is focused on the characteristics of the current management system and organisational structure employed with its relevant functions. Based on these reference points the paper concludes with recommendations for the case study organisation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Evaluating impact assessment of LED projects in Makana Municipality
- Authors: Bottoman, Phathiswa Esona
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Economic development projects -- Evaluation , Economic development projects -- South Africa -- Grahamstown , Community development -- South Africa -- Grahamstown
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9062 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008190 , Economic development projects -- Evaluation , Economic development projects -- South Africa -- Grahamstown , Community development -- South Africa -- Grahamstown
- Description: Amongst other socio-economic challenges that South Africa has, unemployment still remains high; in July 2010 unemployment was at 25.3 percentage and in July 2011 it was at 25.7 percentage ; in a space of a year it grew by 0.4 percentage (Trading Economics, 2012). Even though South Africa has made some significant progress with its democracy; there is still significant socioeconomic problems. Poverty, lack of economic empowerment among the disadvantaged groups are amongst and lack of proper education are amongst some of these pressing challenges in South Africa. More than a quarter of South Africa's population currently receives social grants (Index mundi, 2011). The Eastern Cape Province is still faced with significant socio-economic challenges such as high unemployment rate. 74 percentage unemployed are the economically active group as they are under the age of 35 (ECDC, 2011:22). “More than a quarter (26.4 percentage) of households in the Eastern Cape relies on government grants as their main source of income. Nationally, the youth unemployment rate is estimated to be close to 35 percentage, with more than three million young people out of work. Youth unemployment in the Eastern Cape averages 41.4 percentage. This is more than twice the adult unemployment rate (18.4 percent). A total of 695,175 young people have been without work every year in the Eastern” (ECDC, 2010-2011: 23). Besides, this province has a third largest number of people who are living with HIV/AIDS in the country. These statistics have a major significance on the province’s economic prospects and progress (ECDC, 2010-2011:22). The RSA Constitution 1996, the White Paper on Local Government 1998 has mandated local governments to facilitate LED. South Africa adopted LED as a way of fighting poverty and stimulating economic growth and development for local residents. LED is promoting skills development, SMMEs and tourism to encourage economic development. However the success of LED has received mixed views in that; some successes of LED were recorded in urban or metropolitan municipalities. Few successes have been recorded of LED projects in rural municipalities. Some of the constraints of LED consist of capacity problems within the municipalities, understanding the role of LED in the municipality and lack of funding. In Makana Municipality, about 23 percentage of households live below poverty line of (R800.00 – R9600 a year). Most of the population earns between R801.00-R1600.00 per month with 24.7 percentage. A mere 0.6 percentage earn R204801.00 or more compared to 12.7 percentage with no income. Inadequate infrastructure poses as a threat to attracting and retaining investment in this municipality. In light of the above paragraphs, this thesis evaluated the impact assessment of the LED projects within Makana Municipality. The premise of this thesis is that realization and significant support of LED projects would impact positively on unemployment and poverty rate that this municipality is facing and subsequently; the burden of unemployment and poverty will be reduced in the region, province and country.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Bottoman, Phathiswa Esona
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Economic development projects -- Evaluation , Economic development projects -- South Africa -- Grahamstown , Community development -- South Africa -- Grahamstown
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9062 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008190 , Economic development projects -- Evaluation , Economic development projects -- South Africa -- Grahamstown , Community development -- South Africa -- Grahamstown
- Description: Amongst other socio-economic challenges that South Africa has, unemployment still remains high; in July 2010 unemployment was at 25.3 percentage and in July 2011 it was at 25.7 percentage ; in a space of a year it grew by 0.4 percentage (Trading Economics, 2012). Even though South Africa has made some significant progress with its democracy; there is still significant socioeconomic problems. Poverty, lack of economic empowerment among the disadvantaged groups are amongst and lack of proper education are amongst some of these pressing challenges in South Africa. More than a quarter of South Africa's population currently receives social grants (Index mundi, 2011). The Eastern Cape Province is still faced with significant socio-economic challenges such as high unemployment rate. 74 percentage unemployed are the economically active group as they are under the age of 35 (ECDC, 2011:22). “More than a quarter (26.4 percentage) of households in the Eastern Cape relies on government grants as their main source of income. Nationally, the youth unemployment rate is estimated to be close to 35 percentage, with more than three million young people out of work. Youth unemployment in the Eastern Cape averages 41.4 percentage. This is more than twice the adult unemployment rate (18.4 percent). A total of 695,175 young people have been without work every year in the Eastern” (ECDC, 2010-2011: 23). Besides, this province has a third largest number of people who are living with HIV/AIDS in the country. These statistics have a major significance on the province’s economic prospects and progress (ECDC, 2010-2011:22). The RSA Constitution 1996, the White Paper on Local Government 1998 has mandated local governments to facilitate LED. South Africa adopted LED as a way of fighting poverty and stimulating economic growth and development for local residents. LED is promoting skills development, SMMEs and tourism to encourage economic development. However the success of LED has received mixed views in that; some successes of LED were recorded in urban or metropolitan municipalities. Few successes have been recorded of LED projects in rural municipalities. Some of the constraints of LED consist of capacity problems within the municipalities, understanding the role of LED in the municipality and lack of funding. In Makana Municipality, about 23 percentage of households live below poverty line of (R800.00 – R9600 a year). Most of the population earns between R801.00-R1600.00 per month with 24.7 percentage. A mere 0.6 percentage earn R204801.00 or more compared to 12.7 percentage with no income. Inadequate infrastructure poses as a threat to attracting and retaining investment in this municipality. In light of the above paragraphs, this thesis evaluated the impact assessment of the LED projects within Makana Municipality. The premise of this thesis is that realization and significant support of LED projects would impact positively on unemployment and poverty rate that this municipality is facing and subsequently; the burden of unemployment and poverty will be reduced in the region, province and country.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Evaluating the efficacy of anti-corruption measures in the procurement system: a case study of Marondera municipality in Mashonaland, east of Zimbabwe
- Authors: Sabilika, Maxwell Seagent
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Civil service -- Zimbabwe , Government purchasing -- Zimbabwe , Municipal officials and employees -- Zimbabwe , Municipal government -- Zimbabwe , Political corruption -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:11679 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007620 , Civil service -- Zimbabwe , Government purchasing -- Zimbabwe , Municipal officials and employees -- Zimbabwe , Municipal government -- Zimbabwe , Political corruption -- Zimbabwe
- Description: Anti-corruption measures are put forward as a panacea to effective procurement system, among other things, which ultimately improve service delivery. Corruption has demonstrated remarkable durability and flexibility to survive in all socio-economic systems with the conception of a corruption-free economy in reality, is hardly possible. Given this background, this study sought to evaluate the efficacy of the already implemented anti-corruption measures in the procurememt procecesses of Marondera municipality. To understand their effectiveness, relevant literature was reviewed. Different scholars point against the ineffectiveness of these measures, with Corruption Perception Index (CPI) from previous research showing devastating results in Zimbabwean local institutions. A further discussion of corruption cenception, different anti-corruption measures and legal frameworks gave a greater understanding of the area under study. In this study, a sample of 80 respondents was identified and data collected from them using both snow ball and purposive sampling methods. Thirty-five of them were females respondents and forty-five were male respondents from Marondera municipal community, with different demographic characteristics which was used for comparison of responses. Questionnaires and interviews were used as research instruments. Both the Quantitative and Qualitative research methods were used in the anaylsis of the data, to increase validity and reliability of the feelings.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Sabilika, Maxwell Seagent
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Civil service -- Zimbabwe , Government purchasing -- Zimbabwe , Municipal officials and employees -- Zimbabwe , Municipal government -- Zimbabwe , Political corruption -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:11679 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007620 , Civil service -- Zimbabwe , Government purchasing -- Zimbabwe , Municipal officials and employees -- Zimbabwe , Municipal government -- Zimbabwe , Political corruption -- Zimbabwe
- Description: Anti-corruption measures are put forward as a panacea to effective procurement system, among other things, which ultimately improve service delivery. Corruption has demonstrated remarkable durability and flexibility to survive in all socio-economic systems with the conception of a corruption-free economy in reality, is hardly possible. Given this background, this study sought to evaluate the efficacy of the already implemented anti-corruption measures in the procurememt procecesses of Marondera municipality. To understand their effectiveness, relevant literature was reviewed. Different scholars point against the ineffectiveness of these measures, with Corruption Perception Index (CPI) from previous research showing devastating results in Zimbabwean local institutions. A further discussion of corruption cenception, different anti-corruption measures and legal frameworks gave a greater understanding of the area under study. In this study, a sample of 80 respondents was identified and data collected from them using both snow ball and purposive sampling methods. Thirty-five of them were females respondents and forty-five were male respondents from Marondera municipal community, with different demographic characteristics which was used for comparison of responses. Questionnaires and interviews were used as research instruments. Both the Quantitative and Qualitative research methods were used in the anaylsis of the data, to increase validity and reliability of the feelings.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Evaluating the efficacy of training programmes for secondary school music teachers at higher education institutions in the province of the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Rademan, Carika
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Music in universities and colleges -- South Africa , Music teachers -- Training of , School music -- Instruction and study , Teacher effectiveness
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MMus
- Identifier: vital:8522 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019925
- Description: Frequent changes in the school music curriculums in South Africa necessitated changes in teaching music in schools. Music teachers in secondary schools who are responsible for teaching music as a subject have been confronted with the challenges presented in such a changing educational climate and often found that their pre-service teacher training did not sufficiently prepare them for changing syllabi. The quality of teaching in schools is directly linked to the quality of teacher training at universities and when institutional policies prohibits pre-service teachers from qualifying themselves sufficiently for their in-service careers, frustration and disillusionment sets in. This study explores the perceptions of music teachers of the effectiveness of their pre-service training. It also explores the content of university music degree courses and whether it is in line with school music curricula. The study addressed the research questions through the use of questionnaires and interviews. The finding suggested that there is a need for teacher training courses to be adapted and contextualised so that there is continuum between university and school curriculums. This research also exposed the policies barring music graduates from fully qualifying themselves as teachers and raised important issues that music teacher educators need to address in order to ensure that music graduates are adequately prepared for classroom music teaching.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Rademan, Carika
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Music in universities and colleges -- South Africa , Music teachers -- Training of , School music -- Instruction and study , Teacher effectiveness
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MMus
- Identifier: vital:8522 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019925
- Description: Frequent changes in the school music curriculums in South Africa necessitated changes in teaching music in schools. Music teachers in secondary schools who are responsible for teaching music as a subject have been confronted with the challenges presented in such a changing educational climate and often found that their pre-service teacher training did not sufficiently prepare them for changing syllabi. The quality of teaching in schools is directly linked to the quality of teacher training at universities and when institutional policies prohibits pre-service teachers from qualifying themselves sufficiently for their in-service careers, frustration and disillusionment sets in. This study explores the perceptions of music teachers of the effectiveness of their pre-service training. It also explores the content of university music degree courses and whether it is in line with school music curricula. The study addressed the research questions through the use of questionnaires and interviews. The finding suggested that there is a need for teacher training courses to be adapted and contextualised so that there is continuum between university and school curriculums. This research also exposed the policies barring music graduates from fully qualifying themselves as teachers and raised important issues that music teacher educators need to address in order to ensure that music graduates are adequately prepared for classroom music teaching.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Evaluating the sustainable management of the State indigenous forests in the Eastern Cape Province
- Authors: Quvile, Nkosipendule
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Forests and forestry -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Forest conservation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Forest ecology -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Sustainable forestry -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Forest management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:775 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003896
- Description: This research assesses the state of sustainability of State indigenous forests in the Eastern Cape and provides recommendations to improve their sustainability. The Eastern Cape Indigenous Forest Management Audit (ECIFMA) report of 2009 provided the primary data for this assessment (DAFF, 2009). The research was inspired by the fact that the global challenge of forestry destruction and degradation where the extent of forests is being reduced at an alarming rate of 6% annually. It became essential for global leaders to develop policies and strategies that sought to promote sustainable forest management. The monitoring of sustainability of forests was only possible through use of globally and nationally developed sets of criteria and indicators. Eleven forest estates responsible for the management of State indigenous forests in the Eastern Cape were selected for this research. The choice was influenced by the availability of audit data from the ECIFMA report of 2009. This report contained performance information of 41 indicators under 18 criteria for monitoring sustainable forest management as extracted from the PCI&S assessment checklist developed for monitoring the sustainability of indigenous forests in South Africa (DWAF, 2005). The data was refined using the MCA methods (ranking and scoring) as described by Mendoza and Prabhu (2000). These methods yielded to the determination of the performance of indicators of forest sustainability. It was thus important to conclude the research by responding to the following questions: • What is the state of sustainability of the State indigenous forests in the Eastern Cape? • What recommendations could be made to improve the sustainability of State indigenous forests? It was found that the State indigenous forests were not managed in a sustainable manner. The research report is concluded by providing concrete recommendations to improve forest sustainability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Quvile, Nkosipendule
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Forests and forestry -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Forest conservation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Forest ecology -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Sustainable forestry -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Forest management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:775 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003896
- Description: This research assesses the state of sustainability of State indigenous forests in the Eastern Cape and provides recommendations to improve their sustainability. The Eastern Cape Indigenous Forest Management Audit (ECIFMA) report of 2009 provided the primary data for this assessment (DAFF, 2009). The research was inspired by the fact that the global challenge of forestry destruction and degradation where the extent of forests is being reduced at an alarming rate of 6% annually. It became essential for global leaders to develop policies and strategies that sought to promote sustainable forest management. The monitoring of sustainability of forests was only possible through use of globally and nationally developed sets of criteria and indicators. Eleven forest estates responsible for the management of State indigenous forests in the Eastern Cape were selected for this research. The choice was influenced by the availability of audit data from the ECIFMA report of 2009. This report contained performance information of 41 indicators under 18 criteria for monitoring sustainable forest management as extracted from the PCI&S assessment checklist developed for monitoring the sustainability of indigenous forests in South Africa (DWAF, 2005). The data was refined using the MCA methods (ranking and scoring) as described by Mendoza and Prabhu (2000). These methods yielded to the determination of the performance of indicators of forest sustainability. It was thus important to conclude the research by responding to the following questions: • What is the state of sustainability of the State indigenous forests in the Eastern Cape? • What recommendations could be made to improve the sustainability of State indigenous forests? It was found that the State indigenous forests were not managed in a sustainable manner. The research report is concluded by providing concrete recommendations to improve forest sustainability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Evaluation for harnessing low-enthalpy geothermal energy in South Africa based on a model pilot plant in the Limpopo Mobile Belt
- Authors: Dhansay, Taufeeq
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Geothermal resources -- South Africa -- Limpopo , Renewable energy sources -- South Africa -- Limpopo , Climatic changes -- South Africa -- Limpopo
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:10667 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019789
- Description: South Africa generates more than 90 percent of its total energy capacity through non-renewable sources. With coal forming the predominant energy source, South Africa became the leading carbon emissive nation in Africa, emitting 450 million tonnes of CO2 in 2011. In an international effort to restrict global average temperature rise to 2° C above the average prior the industrial revolution, the Kyoto Protocol has been extended for another 8-year commitment period. This is complementary to an expected resolution of a new legally binding climate change policy in 2015. This policy will aim to introduce financial penalties for nations failing to meet ascribed GHG emission targets by 2020. In an attempt to meet these climate change resolutions South Africa will research and develop cleaner, alternative forms of energy, including hydro, wind, and biomass forms of renewable energy, in addition to designating stringent building regulations for the Incorporation of solar energy. These measures form part of an Integrated evelopment Plan that aims to generate a target of 10,000 GWh of renewable energy in 2013. South Africa is also investigating the possibilities of extracting its shale gas reserves and implementing it as a major energy source. This energy mix has given little attention to geothermal energy. The reasons for this omission appears to be the lack of active volcanism and previous research that suggests South Africa, largely underlain by the Kaapvaal Craton, has a relatively low heat Flow profile, deemed insufficient for harnessing geothermal energy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Dhansay, Taufeeq
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Geothermal resources -- South Africa -- Limpopo , Renewable energy sources -- South Africa -- Limpopo , Climatic changes -- South Africa -- Limpopo
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:10667 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019789
- Description: South Africa generates more than 90 percent of its total energy capacity through non-renewable sources. With coal forming the predominant energy source, South Africa became the leading carbon emissive nation in Africa, emitting 450 million tonnes of CO2 in 2011. In an international effort to restrict global average temperature rise to 2° C above the average prior the industrial revolution, the Kyoto Protocol has been extended for another 8-year commitment period. This is complementary to an expected resolution of a new legally binding climate change policy in 2015. This policy will aim to introduce financial penalties for nations failing to meet ascribed GHG emission targets by 2020. In an attempt to meet these climate change resolutions South Africa will research and develop cleaner, alternative forms of energy, including hydro, wind, and biomass forms of renewable energy, in addition to designating stringent building regulations for the Incorporation of solar energy. These measures form part of an Integrated evelopment Plan that aims to generate a target of 10,000 GWh of renewable energy in 2013. South Africa is also investigating the possibilities of extracting its shale gas reserves and implementing it as a major energy source. This energy mix has given little attention to geothermal energy. The reasons for this omission appears to be the lack of active volcanism and previous research that suggests South Africa, largely underlain by the Kaapvaal Craton, has a relatively low heat Flow profile, deemed insufficient for harnessing geothermal energy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Evaluation of critical factors influencing project success at an automotive OEM in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Williams, Dion Williams
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Project management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Automobile industry and trade
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:8921 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021121
- Description: This study aimed to evaluate the critical factors influencing project success at an automotive OEM in the Eastern Cape. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the critical success/failure factors in project management at an automotive original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and to compare the results to similar studies conducted in various industries and under different socio-economic, political and cultural conditions. The research methodology for this study included a literature review of previous studies as well as insights from various authors highlighting points deemed crucial for project success. A survey was conducted at an automotive OEM to determine which factors had the greatest influence on project success; respondents were asked to rank their views on a Likert Ranking Scale. An online survey was used to capture all responses. The data collected was analysed using statistical software (Statistica Version 10.0). The empirical study was conducted on 52 employees involved in projects at the OEM; the study was carried out across various departments including Purchasing, Logistics, Quality, Engineering, etc. The final process of the study included an evaluation of findings. On the basis of the survey responses received, it was possible to identify critical success factors in project management that are related to the automotive OEM. These results were used to draw conclusions and develop various recommendations. The conclusions centered on the project success factors defined in the survey. The results were then compared to previous studies, and discrepancies between survey findings of the current study and those of past studies were discussed. The recommendations focused on the top three items identified in each factor group. The results of both past studies, as well as the present study highlight the crucial role the project manager plays in project success. Good co-ordination skills, efficient management of resources and effective leadership were identified as key characteristics of successful project managers. Proper communication was identified as one of the most crucial points in project teams. This study revealed that the ability of the project team to handle unexpected crisis is also an important contributing factor towards project success, along with effective monitoring. Top management support was the most crucial factor towards project success in the factors related to the organisation; this is similar to studies done by previous authors.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Williams, Dion Williams
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Project management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Automobile industry and trade
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:8921 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021121
- Description: This study aimed to evaluate the critical factors influencing project success at an automotive OEM in the Eastern Cape. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the critical success/failure factors in project management at an automotive original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and to compare the results to similar studies conducted in various industries and under different socio-economic, political and cultural conditions. The research methodology for this study included a literature review of previous studies as well as insights from various authors highlighting points deemed crucial for project success. A survey was conducted at an automotive OEM to determine which factors had the greatest influence on project success; respondents were asked to rank their views on a Likert Ranking Scale. An online survey was used to capture all responses. The data collected was analysed using statistical software (Statistica Version 10.0). The empirical study was conducted on 52 employees involved in projects at the OEM; the study was carried out across various departments including Purchasing, Logistics, Quality, Engineering, etc. The final process of the study included an evaluation of findings. On the basis of the survey responses received, it was possible to identify critical success factors in project management that are related to the automotive OEM. These results were used to draw conclusions and develop various recommendations. The conclusions centered on the project success factors defined in the survey. The results were then compared to previous studies, and discrepancies between survey findings of the current study and those of past studies were discussed. The recommendations focused on the top three items identified in each factor group. The results of both past studies, as well as the present study highlight the crucial role the project manager plays in project success. Good co-ordination skills, efficient management of resources and effective leadership were identified as key characteristics of successful project managers. Proper communication was identified as one of the most crucial points in project teams. This study revealed that the ability of the project team to handle unexpected crisis is also an important contributing factor towards project success, along with effective monitoring. Top management support was the most crucial factor towards project success in the factors related to the organisation; this is similar to studies done by previous authors.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Evaluation of income generating projects
- Authors: Hlazo, Tandiswa
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Economic development projects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Community development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Economic assistance, Domestic
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:8988 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008457 , Economic development projects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Community development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Economic assistance, Domestic
- Description: The study is conducted in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa in Lukhanji Local Municipality. Eastern Cape has a population of 1 676 470. Source: Demarcation Board (www.demarcation.org.za),03 April 2009. The Province is made up of seven district municipalities which includes the following; Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality, Cacadu, Amathole, Chris Hani, Ukhahlamba, OR Tambo, Alfred Ndzo. It is comprised of seven local municipalities which are King Sabata Dalindyebo, Nyandeni, Qaukeni, Mbizana, Mhlontlo, Port St John’s, and Ntabankulu. Eastern Cape, according to Bradshaw Debbie et al (2000;4) has the second highest poverty levels in South Africa (47percent of households below the poverty line, which is based on imputed monthly expenditure of R800 or less) (SSA, 2000b), combined with the highest provincial unemployment rate (55 percent) in the country (SSA, 2003). This province is characterised by inequitable growth and development. As mentioned above, it has a high level of poverty. For this reason, strategies like Income generating projects (IGPs) have been formulated to address the need for improved livelihoods, better skills and self employment opportunities. Income generating project as a concept is a convincing strategy when looked at a distance however there is a need to evaluate the impact of Income generating projects (IGPs) through a scientific study to determine the evidence of speculations that Income generating projects are claimed to improve and sustain livelihoods of our people. In the light of the aforesaid, the researcher has endeavoured and undertaken a study on the evaluation of income generating projects. This was done to determine the extent to which income generating projects (IGPs) as a mechanism to alleviate poverty address this problem of poverty. Due to the broadness of the concept of the problem and the extensive nature of the geographical area of the Eastern Cape, the study was exclusively focused on the agricultural projects of Ilinge and Machibini Project in Lukhanji Local Municipality. For the purpose of this study, a combined method approach was used. In other words, the study applied both quantitative and qualitative research design in an attempt to gain an indepth understanding of the problem investigated. Both questionnaire and interviews were employed during gathering of data of the study and participants were project members, project leader and key informants as contributing builders and mangers of the projects. Findings revealed that there is lack of sustainability on income generating projects as the projects studied lost a high number of project members with a common complaint of lack of income to sustain project members during their membership on the income generating projects (IGPs). Lack of skills is considered to be a crucial contributing factor as one other project complained of total lack of training of project members.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Hlazo, Tandiswa
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Economic development projects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Community development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Economic assistance, Domestic
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:8988 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008457 , Economic development projects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Community development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Economic assistance, Domestic
- Description: The study is conducted in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa in Lukhanji Local Municipality. Eastern Cape has a population of 1 676 470. Source: Demarcation Board (www.demarcation.org.za),03 April 2009. The Province is made up of seven district municipalities which includes the following; Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality, Cacadu, Amathole, Chris Hani, Ukhahlamba, OR Tambo, Alfred Ndzo. It is comprised of seven local municipalities which are King Sabata Dalindyebo, Nyandeni, Qaukeni, Mbizana, Mhlontlo, Port St John’s, and Ntabankulu. Eastern Cape, according to Bradshaw Debbie et al (2000;4) has the second highest poverty levels in South Africa (47percent of households below the poverty line, which is based on imputed monthly expenditure of R800 or less) (SSA, 2000b), combined with the highest provincial unemployment rate (55 percent) in the country (SSA, 2003). This province is characterised by inequitable growth and development. As mentioned above, it has a high level of poverty. For this reason, strategies like Income generating projects (IGPs) have been formulated to address the need for improved livelihoods, better skills and self employment opportunities. Income generating project as a concept is a convincing strategy when looked at a distance however there is a need to evaluate the impact of Income generating projects (IGPs) through a scientific study to determine the evidence of speculations that Income generating projects are claimed to improve and sustain livelihoods of our people. In the light of the aforesaid, the researcher has endeavoured and undertaken a study on the evaluation of income generating projects. This was done to determine the extent to which income generating projects (IGPs) as a mechanism to alleviate poverty address this problem of poverty. Due to the broadness of the concept of the problem and the extensive nature of the geographical area of the Eastern Cape, the study was exclusively focused on the agricultural projects of Ilinge and Machibini Project in Lukhanji Local Municipality. For the purpose of this study, a combined method approach was used. In other words, the study applied both quantitative and qualitative research design in an attempt to gain an indepth understanding of the problem investigated. Both questionnaire and interviews were employed during gathering of data of the study and participants were project members, project leader and key informants as contributing builders and mangers of the projects. Findings revealed that there is lack of sustainability on income generating projects as the projects studied lost a high number of project members with a common complaint of lack of income to sustain project members during their membership on the income generating projects (IGPs). Lack of skills is considered to be a crucial contributing factor as one other project complained of total lack of training of project members.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Evaluation of income generating projects in Chris Hani District Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province
- Makapela, Noxolo Navel Yolanda
- Authors: Makapela, Noxolo Navel Yolanda
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Community development -- South Africa -- Queenstown , Rural development projects -- South Africa -- Tarkastad , Economic assistance, Domestic -- South Africa -- Middleburg , Sustainable development
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9095 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1011849 , Community development -- South Africa -- Queenstown , Rural development projects -- South Africa -- Tarkastad , Economic assistance, Domestic -- South Africa -- Middleburg , Sustainable development
- Description: This study, evaluating income generating projects was conducted on four projects, of which two are in Middleburg that is forming part of Inxuba Yethemba Local Municipality and another two are in Hofmeyer that is forming part of Tsolwana Local Municipality. Both these municipalities are in Chris Hani District Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province. Two of these projects are bakery projects and the other two are poultry projects. The study was explorative in nature as it was aimed at finding the reasons for the non-sustainability of income generating projects in this district municipality. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were applied. Both the explanatory and a multigroup post-test-only design research designs were used when conducting this study. This was due to the fact that the researcher was interested in evaluating income generating projects with the aim of finding out what leads to their failure, and also of finding out how can they be assisted to be able to sustain themselves. Five respondents from each project were willing to take part in the study and this led to a total of 20 respondents who participated through answering questions that were asked to them by the interviewers guided by the questionnaire which is appendix A of the paper. The results of the study indicated the following factors as the ones that are contributing to the non sustainability of income generating projects: Lack of market for the products; Lack of passion to volunteer from project members; Unnatural causes like storms, that ended up delaying the implementation of the projects; Minimal support from communities by buying their products mostly on credit or not abiding by credit terms when credit is given; Non payment of the project members; Lack of transport for the projects to transport their products to market. The key recommendation that was made was that another study needs to be conducted to verify as to whether these findings can be generalised to other projects in the same district. Additional recommendations are that project members need to be skilled on an ongoing basis, the funders should avail funding for the payment of the beneficiaries, beneficiaries need to be encouraged to volunteer and participate in all the activities of the project, all stakeholders need to ensure the availability of resources before the projects are implemented, and the projects need to have project committees that are made of knowledgeable people who are committed in seeing to it that the projects are sustained.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Makapela, Noxolo Navel Yolanda
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Community development -- South Africa -- Queenstown , Rural development projects -- South Africa -- Tarkastad , Economic assistance, Domestic -- South Africa -- Middleburg , Sustainable development
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9095 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1011849 , Community development -- South Africa -- Queenstown , Rural development projects -- South Africa -- Tarkastad , Economic assistance, Domestic -- South Africa -- Middleburg , Sustainable development
- Description: This study, evaluating income generating projects was conducted on four projects, of which two are in Middleburg that is forming part of Inxuba Yethemba Local Municipality and another two are in Hofmeyer that is forming part of Tsolwana Local Municipality. Both these municipalities are in Chris Hani District Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province. Two of these projects are bakery projects and the other two are poultry projects. The study was explorative in nature as it was aimed at finding the reasons for the non-sustainability of income generating projects in this district municipality. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were applied. Both the explanatory and a multigroup post-test-only design research designs were used when conducting this study. This was due to the fact that the researcher was interested in evaluating income generating projects with the aim of finding out what leads to their failure, and also of finding out how can they be assisted to be able to sustain themselves. Five respondents from each project were willing to take part in the study and this led to a total of 20 respondents who participated through answering questions that were asked to them by the interviewers guided by the questionnaire which is appendix A of the paper. The results of the study indicated the following factors as the ones that are contributing to the non sustainability of income generating projects: Lack of market for the products; Lack of passion to volunteer from project members; Unnatural causes like storms, that ended up delaying the implementation of the projects; Minimal support from communities by buying their products mostly on credit or not abiding by credit terms when credit is given; Non payment of the project members; Lack of transport for the projects to transport their products to market. The key recommendation that was made was that another study needs to be conducted to verify as to whether these findings can be generalised to other projects in the same district. Additional recommendations are that project members need to be skilled on an ongoing basis, the funders should avail funding for the payment of the beneficiaries, beneficiaries need to be encouraged to volunteer and participate in all the activities of the project, all stakeholders need to ensure the availability of resources before the projects are implemented, and the projects need to have project committees that are made of knowledgeable people who are committed in seeing to it that the projects are sustained.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Evaluation of international aid in Nelson Mandela Bay and Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipalities in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
- Authors: Lwanga-Iga, Ivan
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: United Nations -- Economic assistance , Economic assistance -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , International cooperation -- Municipal government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Human services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Eastern Cape -- South Africa -- Economic policy , Eastern Cape -- South Africa -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD (Social Science Dev)
- Identifier: vital:11437 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007219 , United Nations -- Economic assistance , Economic assistance -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , International cooperation -- Municipal government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Human services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Eastern Cape -- South Africa -- Economic policy , Eastern Cape -- South Africa -- Economic conditions
- Description: International Aid or Official Development Assistance (ODA), especially its implementation and effectiveness, has long been and continues to be a vigorously contested matter amongst the stakeholders in the development arena. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of ODA in two municipalities in the Eastern Cape – Buffalo City and Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipalities – during the period 2005–2010. This period coincided with the introduction of the Paris Declaration (PD), an intervention intended to improve the ODA or Aid landscape globally. This was also the period during which the so-called service delivery protests in almost all municipalities in South Africa escalated. A diversified methodology including both quantitative and qualitative approaches was used in this study while adhering to the evaluation framework of the Paris Declaration as recommended by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). This framework put special focus on the five principles of ownership, alignment, harmonisation, managing for results and mutual accountability. Of particular significance in this study is the special attention paid to the actual beneficiaries on the ground, namely the communities, which is contrary to most existing Paris Declaration evaluations. The research findings suggested that there had been no conscious efforts to implement the Paris Declaration in the two municipalities that were investigated. Furthermore, the prevailing weaknesses in governance, coupled with both administrative and operational paralysis in these two institutions, provided for less than fertile ground for this intervention to thrive.The findings also highlighted that ODA programmes were very poorly known by most stakeholders, especially the communities who were supposed to benefit directly from this assistance. These results also underscored the partisan nature of ODA and how it influenced the perceptions of the various key players. The success and future of ODA programmes in South Africa, particularly in municipalities, will largely rely on “Active Citizenry”. Although ODA’s contribution to South Africa seems negligible in monetary terms, its significance lies among others in the innovations, piloting, risk mitigation, catalytic initiatives and capacity development it introduces or generates and which need to be correctly exploited, implemented and maximised. ODA in South Africa should therefore focus at the local level, the municipalities, which represent the interface between the citizens and the state. To ensure that the ensuing innovations are optimally cascaded down in an organised and effective manner to where they are mostly needed, ODA should preferably operate at the strategic level in municipalities. This would in turn assist in counteracting the current high levels of poverty and inequality in the country. Study findings further suggest that South Africa should cease its current ambivalence regarding ODA and refrain from the so-called “Triangular” ODA in support of the rest of Africa. The demands in it’s own back yard are steadily mounting. This is clearly reflected by the continuous service delivery protests and instability in several municipalities in South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Lwanga-Iga, Ivan
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: United Nations -- Economic assistance , Economic assistance -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , International cooperation -- Municipal government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Human services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Eastern Cape -- South Africa -- Economic policy , Eastern Cape -- South Africa -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD (Social Science Dev)
- Identifier: vital:11437 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007219 , United Nations -- Economic assistance , Economic assistance -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , International cooperation -- Municipal government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Human services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Eastern Cape -- South Africa -- Economic policy , Eastern Cape -- South Africa -- Economic conditions
- Description: International Aid or Official Development Assistance (ODA), especially its implementation and effectiveness, has long been and continues to be a vigorously contested matter amongst the stakeholders in the development arena. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of ODA in two municipalities in the Eastern Cape – Buffalo City and Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipalities – during the period 2005–2010. This period coincided with the introduction of the Paris Declaration (PD), an intervention intended to improve the ODA or Aid landscape globally. This was also the period during which the so-called service delivery protests in almost all municipalities in South Africa escalated. A diversified methodology including both quantitative and qualitative approaches was used in this study while adhering to the evaluation framework of the Paris Declaration as recommended by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). This framework put special focus on the five principles of ownership, alignment, harmonisation, managing for results and mutual accountability. Of particular significance in this study is the special attention paid to the actual beneficiaries on the ground, namely the communities, which is contrary to most existing Paris Declaration evaluations. The research findings suggested that there had been no conscious efforts to implement the Paris Declaration in the two municipalities that were investigated. Furthermore, the prevailing weaknesses in governance, coupled with both administrative and operational paralysis in these two institutions, provided for less than fertile ground for this intervention to thrive.The findings also highlighted that ODA programmes were very poorly known by most stakeholders, especially the communities who were supposed to benefit directly from this assistance. These results also underscored the partisan nature of ODA and how it influenced the perceptions of the various key players. The success and future of ODA programmes in South Africa, particularly in municipalities, will largely rely on “Active Citizenry”. Although ODA’s contribution to South Africa seems negligible in monetary terms, its significance lies among others in the innovations, piloting, risk mitigation, catalytic initiatives and capacity development it introduces or generates and which need to be correctly exploited, implemented and maximised. ODA in South Africa should therefore focus at the local level, the municipalities, which represent the interface between the citizens and the state. To ensure that the ensuing innovations are optimally cascaded down in an organised and effective manner to where they are mostly needed, ODA should preferably operate at the strategic level in municipalities. This would in turn assist in counteracting the current high levels of poverty and inequality in the country. Study findings further suggest that South Africa should cease its current ambivalence regarding ODA and refrain from the so-called “Triangular” ODA in support of the rest of Africa. The demands in it’s own back yard are steadily mounting. This is clearly reflected by the continuous service delivery protests and instability in several municipalities in South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Evaluation of noise levels of micro-wind turbines using a randomised experiment
- Authors: Clohessy, Chantelle May
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Wind turbines -- Noise , Wind turbines -- valuation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:10508 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1015974
- Description: One of the biggest environmental concerns of a wind turbine is the wind turbine noise (Prospathopoulos and Voutsinas, 2007). This study assesses the noise impacts of wind turbines on the environment by comparing the micro-wind turbine noise to traditional accepted surrounding sounds. The collection of the sound level data was done by using a randomised experiment. The sound level data was then fitted to a General Linear Model to determine the relationship between the sound levels generated at a given site to the time of day, wind speed, wind direction and distance from the sound source. An additional study was conducted to determine the relationship between wind speed and the sound levels of wind turbines. The distribution of frequency components of wind turbine sound was also determined.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Clohessy, Chantelle May
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Wind turbines -- Noise , Wind turbines -- valuation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:10508 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1015974
- Description: One of the biggest environmental concerns of a wind turbine is the wind turbine noise (Prospathopoulos and Voutsinas, 2007). This study assesses the noise impacts of wind turbines on the environment by comparing the micro-wind turbine noise to traditional accepted surrounding sounds. The collection of the sound level data was done by using a randomised experiment. The sound level data was then fitted to a General Linear Model to determine the relationship between the sound levels generated at a given site to the time of day, wind speed, wind direction and distance from the sound source. An additional study was conducted to determine the relationship between wind speed and the sound levels of wind turbines. The distribution of frequency components of wind turbine sound was also determined.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Evaluation of poverty alleviation strategies implemented by non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in Zimbabwe: a case of Binga rural district
- Authors: Nyathi, Daina
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Poverty -- Zimbabwe , Rural poor -- Zimbabwe Case studies , Non-governmental organizations -- Zimbabwe -- Evaluation , Sustainable development -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc (Dev)
- Identifier: vital:11426 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/507 , Poverty -- Zimbabwe , Rural poor -- Zimbabwe Case studies , Non-governmental organizations -- Zimbabwe -- Evaluation , Sustainable development -- Zimbabwe
- Description: The problem this research seeks to address is about the ineffectiveness of NGOs’ strategies implemented in the rural areas of Binga District in Zimbabwe. The research has been basically influenced by personal concerns which I believe have influenced the selection of the research problem. My main concern is the deepening of poverty in Binga District. Lack of infrastructure like roads, shortage of schools leading to high illiteracy levels, shortage of clinics and hospitals, lack of clean water, high unemployment levels are the indicators of poverty in Binga. Country wide, the district is regarded as one of the poorest districts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the poverty alleviation strategies implemented by NGOs in the rural areas of Zimbabwe specifically in Binga. Today there are more than fifteen NGOs that operate in Binga and they specialise in different areas ranging from food distribution, education, agriculture, conservation and advocacy. What matters most is that despite the number of NGOs operating in Binga, poverty is still intensifying and widening. Through the research, it was found that most NGOs’ strategies in Binga focus on relief than developmental aid. Also when addressing poverty, NGOs use the trickle down approach than the bottom up approach. Moreover, the strategies implemented in Binga do not address the needs of the poor. The political instability in Zimbabwe is also believed to be a serious stumbling block to the operation of NGOs in Binga and the rest of the country. Finally, the research recommends NGOs to use the participatory approach as well as the sustainable livelihoods approach in dealing with poverty. Again, NGOs need to monitor and evaluate their projects because most of their projects are not monitored and evaluated properly. Above all the NGOs’ strategies for alleviating poverty need to be reviewed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Nyathi, Daina
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Poverty -- Zimbabwe , Rural poor -- Zimbabwe Case studies , Non-governmental organizations -- Zimbabwe -- Evaluation , Sustainable development -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc (Dev)
- Identifier: vital:11426 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/507 , Poverty -- Zimbabwe , Rural poor -- Zimbabwe Case studies , Non-governmental organizations -- Zimbabwe -- Evaluation , Sustainable development -- Zimbabwe
- Description: The problem this research seeks to address is about the ineffectiveness of NGOs’ strategies implemented in the rural areas of Binga District in Zimbabwe. The research has been basically influenced by personal concerns which I believe have influenced the selection of the research problem. My main concern is the deepening of poverty in Binga District. Lack of infrastructure like roads, shortage of schools leading to high illiteracy levels, shortage of clinics and hospitals, lack of clean water, high unemployment levels are the indicators of poverty in Binga. Country wide, the district is regarded as one of the poorest districts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the poverty alleviation strategies implemented by NGOs in the rural areas of Zimbabwe specifically in Binga. Today there are more than fifteen NGOs that operate in Binga and they specialise in different areas ranging from food distribution, education, agriculture, conservation and advocacy. What matters most is that despite the number of NGOs operating in Binga, poverty is still intensifying and widening. Through the research, it was found that most NGOs’ strategies in Binga focus on relief than developmental aid. Also when addressing poverty, NGOs use the trickle down approach than the bottom up approach. Moreover, the strategies implemented in Binga do not address the needs of the poor. The political instability in Zimbabwe is also believed to be a serious stumbling block to the operation of NGOs in Binga and the rest of the country. Finally, the research recommends NGOs to use the participatory approach as well as the sustainable livelihoods approach in dealing with poverty. Again, NGOs need to monitor and evaluate their projects because most of their projects are not monitored and evaluated properly. Above all the NGOs’ strategies for alleviating poverty need to be reviewed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Evaluation of rural sanitation in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality
- Authors: Marata, Mawethu Nicolas
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Sanitation, Rural -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Sanitation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Public utilities -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Buffalo City (South Africa)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc (Rural Development)
- Identifier: vital:11944 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1005966 , Sanitation, Rural -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Sanitation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Public utilities -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Buffalo City (South Africa)
- Description: This research paper is a qualitative evaluation of rural resident’s views in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality regarding the municipalities (BCM) performance in sanitation in rural areas. The study was conducted using interviews and some participant observation as a strategy for data collection. The data collected was analyzed using the basic needs theoretical framework. The study found that sanitation is the least talked about subject because of the stigma attached to it. The study found that Buffalo City Municipality initiatives in sanitation have little impact or has not yet transformed the lives of rural people. It has been found that the municipality is responding slowly in sanitation, and this situation impacts negatively on the lives of rural people as they are exposed to health hazards and diseases. The study questions the sustainability of toilets built in rural areas as many toilets have no roofs and door. It has been found that sanitation is still a challenge in the Buffalo City Municipality as some people still relieve themselves in the bushes. Some people even defecate into plastic bags and then throw the bags as far as they can. The study found that the environment is deeply affected by the lack of sanitation as both air and water are contaminated by waste disposal caused by poor sanitation. The general feeling of the residents of Buffalo City Municipality with regard to sanitation service delivery is that they were not happy at all. The residents are not happy with the state of sanitation services rendered by the municipality. The study calls upon the municipality to speedily address rural sanitation to avoid service delivery protest. The research calls upon organizations and companies to get sanitation issues as part of their function. The research made a number of recommendations in an effort to help municipalities accelerate the delivery of sanitation in rural areas. It is hoped that the recommendations would help the Buffalo City Municipality in ensuring that communities are equipped and empowered to meaningfully participate in making policies, regarding their development. The recommendations will contribute towards encouraging community participation in the decision making within their municipalities. It is the aim of the study for other municipalities to use Buffalo City Municipality example as a benchmark for best practices. In conclusion, the rural areas of Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality need more serious commitment from the municipality regarding sanitation and other basic services.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Marata, Mawethu Nicolas
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Sanitation, Rural -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Sanitation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Public utilities -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Buffalo City (South Africa)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc (Rural Development)
- Identifier: vital:11944 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1005966 , Sanitation, Rural -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Sanitation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Public utilities -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Buffalo City (South Africa)
- Description: This research paper is a qualitative evaluation of rural resident’s views in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality regarding the municipalities (BCM) performance in sanitation in rural areas. The study was conducted using interviews and some participant observation as a strategy for data collection. The data collected was analyzed using the basic needs theoretical framework. The study found that sanitation is the least talked about subject because of the stigma attached to it. The study found that Buffalo City Municipality initiatives in sanitation have little impact or has not yet transformed the lives of rural people. It has been found that the municipality is responding slowly in sanitation, and this situation impacts negatively on the lives of rural people as they are exposed to health hazards and diseases. The study questions the sustainability of toilets built in rural areas as many toilets have no roofs and door. It has been found that sanitation is still a challenge in the Buffalo City Municipality as some people still relieve themselves in the bushes. Some people even defecate into plastic bags and then throw the bags as far as they can. The study found that the environment is deeply affected by the lack of sanitation as both air and water are contaminated by waste disposal caused by poor sanitation. The general feeling of the residents of Buffalo City Municipality with regard to sanitation service delivery is that they were not happy at all. The residents are not happy with the state of sanitation services rendered by the municipality. The study calls upon the municipality to speedily address rural sanitation to avoid service delivery protest. The research calls upon organizations and companies to get sanitation issues as part of their function. The research made a number of recommendations in an effort to help municipalities accelerate the delivery of sanitation in rural areas. It is hoped that the recommendations would help the Buffalo City Municipality in ensuring that communities are equipped and empowered to meaningfully participate in making policies, regarding their development. The recommendations will contribute towards encouraging community participation in the decision making within their municipalities. It is the aim of the study for other municipalities to use Buffalo City Municipality example as a benchmark for best practices. In conclusion, the rural areas of Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality need more serious commitment from the municipality regarding sanitation and other basic services.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Evaluation of the impact of the Integrated Quality Management System (IQMS) in the Province of the Eastern Cape: the case of selected schools in the Mdantsane area (2008 to 2011)
- Authors: Mbulawa, Zukiswa
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Competency-based education -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , School management and organization -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Quality assurance -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Work capacity evaluation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Total quality management , Education and state -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:11635 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/560 , Competency-based education -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , School management and organization -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Quality assurance -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Work capacity evaluation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Total quality management , Education and state -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The Department of Basic Education introduced the Integrated Quality Management system in 2003. This was an integration of the three systems, Developmental Appraisal System, Whole School Evaluation System and Performance Measurement System. The system was seen as to be the one that would allow teachers to play a vital role in assessing their own progress, and would integrate this with the necessary evaluation strategy for the professional development of teachers and monitoring of the quality of teaching and learning in schools. The purpose of this study was to research an evaluation of the Integrated Quality Management System impact in schools of the Mdantsane Area. The objective of the study was to establish whether the IQMS has addressed the concerns and needs of the educators and also establish their views on IQMS. The literature was reviewed to get more information on the key concepts of the IQMS and get to understand how the system should be implemented. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods have been used to get to probe the views of the educators and how the system impacts in schools. The data collected was analyzed by means of frequency tables and charts using statistical methods. It was concluded that educators still do not understand the policy document of IQMS and more training on the implementation of IQMS was recommended. The support and monitoring from the District Office needs to be strengthened.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Mbulawa, Zukiswa
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Competency-based education -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , School management and organization -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Quality assurance -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Work capacity evaluation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Total quality management , Education and state -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:11635 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/560 , Competency-based education -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , School management and organization -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Quality assurance -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Work capacity evaluation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Total quality management , Education and state -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The Department of Basic Education introduced the Integrated Quality Management system in 2003. This was an integration of the three systems, Developmental Appraisal System, Whole School Evaluation System and Performance Measurement System. The system was seen as to be the one that would allow teachers to play a vital role in assessing their own progress, and would integrate this with the necessary evaluation strategy for the professional development of teachers and monitoring of the quality of teaching and learning in schools. The purpose of this study was to research an evaluation of the Integrated Quality Management System impact in schools of the Mdantsane Area. The objective of the study was to establish whether the IQMS has addressed the concerns and needs of the educators and also establish their views on IQMS. The literature was reviewed to get more information on the key concepts of the IQMS and get to understand how the system should be implemented. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods have been used to get to probe the views of the educators and how the system impacts in schools. The data collected was analyzed by means of frequency tables and charts using statistical methods. It was concluded that educators still do not understand the policy document of IQMS and more training on the implementation of IQMS was recommended. The support and monitoring from the District Office needs to be strengthened.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Evaluation of the possible application of cowpea genotypes in the farming systems of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Authors: Adeyemi, Samson Adebowale
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Cowpea -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Cowpea , Plant diversity , Cowpea -- Genetics , DNA fingerprinting of plants
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Biochemistry)
- Identifier: vital:11274 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007539 , Cowpea -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Cowpea , Plant diversity , Cowpea -- Genetics , DNA fingerprinting of plants
- Description: Characterization studies on the genetic diversity among cultivated cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) varieties are valuable tools to optimize the use of available genetic resources by farmers, local communities, researchers and breeders. Eight cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) genotypes ( Vegetable cowpea, Ivory grey, Okhalweni, Fahari, Fahari dark, 97K-1069-8, IT93K-73h, and 129-3) were subjected to molecular, morphological and agronomical characterization. DNA amplification fingerprinting markers were used to evaluate the genetic diversity among the eight genotypes. Nine random arbitrary primers were used to screen the eight genotypes to assess their ability to reveal polymorphisms in cowpea, and seven of them were selected for use in characterizing the total sample. A total of 43 bands were generated which are all polymorphic. On the average, the primers generated a total of 6.1 polymorphic bands. The resulting data-matrix included 43 analysed bands with a total of 344 characters. Neighbour joining analysis was used to generate the dendrogram, clustering the genotypes into two groups at an agglomerate coefficient of 0.30 irrespective of their geographical origins. The results also showed the presence of significant differences in morphological and quality traits among the genotypes. Fahari yielded the highest concentration of crude protein (46.51 mg/mg dry leaf) while Vegetable cowpea yielded the lowest (24.41 mg/mg dry leaf). The influence of manure was also found to be effective by increasing the crude protein content of the genotypes as shown by Fahari dark with an average of 53.53 mg/mg dry leaf as opposed to 39.85 mg/mg dry leaf without manure application. Although some small clusters grouped accessions of the same growth habits, a general lack of agreement between clustering and morphological features was observed. It can therefore be concluded that the significant differences between the molecular genetic analysis using DAF-PCR markers, morphologic characters and yield traits can be important tools to identify and discriminates the different cowpea genotypes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Adeyemi, Samson Adebowale
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Cowpea -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Cowpea , Plant diversity , Cowpea -- Genetics , DNA fingerprinting of plants
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Biochemistry)
- Identifier: vital:11274 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007539 , Cowpea -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Cowpea , Plant diversity , Cowpea -- Genetics , DNA fingerprinting of plants
- Description: Characterization studies on the genetic diversity among cultivated cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) varieties are valuable tools to optimize the use of available genetic resources by farmers, local communities, researchers and breeders. Eight cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) genotypes ( Vegetable cowpea, Ivory grey, Okhalweni, Fahari, Fahari dark, 97K-1069-8, IT93K-73h, and 129-3) were subjected to molecular, morphological and agronomical characterization. DNA amplification fingerprinting markers were used to evaluate the genetic diversity among the eight genotypes. Nine random arbitrary primers were used to screen the eight genotypes to assess their ability to reveal polymorphisms in cowpea, and seven of them were selected for use in characterizing the total sample. A total of 43 bands were generated which are all polymorphic. On the average, the primers generated a total of 6.1 polymorphic bands. The resulting data-matrix included 43 analysed bands with a total of 344 characters. Neighbour joining analysis was used to generate the dendrogram, clustering the genotypes into two groups at an agglomerate coefficient of 0.30 irrespective of their geographical origins. The results also showed the presence of significant differences in morphological and quality traits among the genotypes. Fahari yielded the highest concentration of crude protein (46.51 mg/mg dry leaf) while Vegetable cowpea yielded the lowest (24.41 mg/mg dry leaf). The influence of manure was also found to be effective by increasing the crude protein content of the genotypes as shown by Fahari dark with an average of 53.53 mg/mg dry leaf as opposed to 39.85 mg/mg dry leaf without manure application. Although some small clusters grouped accessions of the same growth habits, a general lack of agreement between clustering and morphological features was observed. It can therefore be concluded that the significant differences between the molecular genetic analysis using DAF-PCR markers, morphologic characters and yield traits can be important tools to identify and discriminates the different cowpea genotypes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Evaluation of the sustainability of poverty alleviation projects in Chris Hani District Municipality
- Authors: Nonkwelo, Bongiwe Vuyiseka
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Poverty -- South Africa -- Queenstown -- Prevention , Sustainable development -- South Africa -- Queenstown , Economic development projects -- Evaluation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9140 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018716
- Description: After 18 years of democracy South African government is still faced with challenges such as high levels of unemployment, inequality and high levels of poverty. There have been various policies, poverty alleviation programmes and projects that have been established in an effort to eradicate poverty. According to Gathiram (2005: 123) despite these efforts, poverty in South Africa has worsened. The challenge has been that a number of such projects have not been properly implemented and as a result, they were not sustainable. This paper investigates the reasons for some of these poverty alleviation projects to be successful and others to be apparently unsustainable. The research focuses on two poverty alleviation projects in Chris Hani District Municipality. The research methodology used is descriptive study. The findings of this report revealed that some of poverty alleviation projects are sustainable and some are not sustainable. The study reveals factors contributing to sustainability of poverty alleviation projects. The study recommends the sustainable development approach as an approach that can assist in the sustainability of poverty alleviation projects.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Evaluation of the sustainability of poverty alleviation projects in Chris Hani District Municipality
- Authors: Nonkwelo, Bongiwe Vuyiseka
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Poverty -- South Africa -- Queenstown -- Prevention , Sustainable development -- South Africa -- Queenstown , Economic development projects -- Evaluation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9140 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018716
- Description: After 18 years of democracy South African government is still faced with challenges such as high levels of unemployment, inequality and high levels of poverty. There have been various policies, poverty alleviation programmes and projects that have been established in an effort to eradicate poverty. According to Gathiram (2005: 123) despite these efforts, poverty in South Africa has worsened. The challenge has been that a number of such projects have not been properly implemented and as a result, they were not sustainable. This paper investigates the reasons for some of these poverty alleviation projects to be successful and others to be apparently unsustainable. The research focuses on two poverty alleviation projects in Chris Hani District Municipality. The research methodology used is descriptive study. The findings of this report revealed that some of poverty alleviation projects are sustainable and some are not sustainable. The study reveals factors contributing to sustainability of poverty alleviation projects. The study recommends the sustainable development approach as an approach that can assist in the sustainability of poverty alleviation projects.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Evaluation of various proteomic techniques to identify proteins involved in cereal stress responses to aphid infestation
- Authors: Nqumla, Ntombekhaya
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Aphids , Wheat , Plant proteomics , Rice
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Biochemistry)
- Identifier: vital:11270 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1004572 , Aphids , Wheat , Plant proteomics , Rice
- Description: All plants are exposed to abiotic and biotic stresses and have developed intricate signalling responses to survive. They respond to cell-structure disruption caused by herbivore probing and feeding by the formation of callose. Callose is a linear homopolymer made up of β-1,3-linked glucose residues with some β-1,6-branches. Plant responses to abiotic or biotic stress share events such as phosphorylation, membrane depolarization, calcium influx and the release of reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide. These events lead to the up-regulation of several pathways leading to biosynthesis of signalling molecules such as salicylic acid, jasmonate, abscisic acid and ethylene pathways. The aim of this study was to determine the most suitable proteomic approach for identifying proteins and signalling pathways involved in cereal response to aphid infestation. An in silico approach was first evaluated in which the 5ʹ upstream regulatory region of proteins belonging to the family of callose synthases was scanned for cis-regulatory elements in order to identify which callose synthases are possibly expressed in plants during biotic or abiotic stresses. Bioinformatics tools were used in the identification of twelve Arabidopsis and ten rice callose synthase coding regions. Genome sequences for rice and Arabidopsis were scanned for the 2000 bp 5ʹ region upstream of the start codon of each callose synthase coding region. PlantCare, PLACE and Athena software were used to identify putative cis-regulatory elements present in the 2000 bp 5ʹ upstream sequences. The majority of cis-acting elements identified were involved in drought and high temperature responses and only one cis-acting element was involved in wound stress. These results therefore indicated a probable role for plant callose synthases in drought stress responses rather than in biotic stress responses. Genevestigator analysis of Arabidopsis results of micro-array experiments indicated that AtGSL10 is highly up-regulated, with AtGSL1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11 and 12 showing medium up-regulation and AtGSL2, 4 and 9 no up-regulation during aphid infestation of Arabidopsis plants, implicating a possible role for AtGSL10 in the plant response to aphid infestation. An LC/MS/MS approach was used to identify specific signalling pathways involved in wheat resistance or stress response to aphid infestation. Eight proteins were identified as being up-regulated during aphid feeding in wheat, and 11 proteins were identified as possibly involved in the wheat resistance mechanism against aphid infestation. Several proteins were also identified as constitutively expressed proteins, during normal conditions and aphid infestation. Most pathways identified with proteins up-regulated in the resistance mechanisms of TugelaDN plants, were related to energy metabolism and located in the chloroplast. Evaluation of two dimensional gel electrophoresis to identify phosphoproteins differentially regulated in wheat during aphid infestation, revealed the up-regulation of three proteins namely photosystem II oxygen-evolving complex protein 2, HVUNKNOWN from Hordeum vulgare subsp vulgare and HSKERAT9 NID from Homo sapiens. Additional 57 proteins were partially identified as involved in the stress response but due to low protein levels, the percentage of matching peptides to these proteins was below the required confidence level. Although these protein identifications were below the confidence level, it is interesting to note that several of the proteins are known stress response proteins, and therefore could serve as potential targets for future investigations. In conclusion, the down and up-regulation of wheat proteins after aphid feeding reported in this study suggest that several signalling pathways are involved in the cereal stress response to aphid feeding. In silico approaches require knowledge or identification of potential proteins whereas 2D and LC/MS can identify numerous proteins still unknown to be involved in specific stress responses. The 2D approach is also limited in that the proteins of interest may be in low abundance and therefore not detected in the gels due to the presence of high abundant proteins. Therefore the best approach to identify proteins and signalling pathways involved in the stress response of wheat to aphid infestation, is the LC/MS/MS approach, as this proved to be the most sensitive and robust, identifying the most proteins with a high degree of confidence.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Nqumla, Ntombekhaya
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Aphids , Wheat , Plant proteomics , Rice
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Biochemistry)
- Identifier: vital:11270 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1004572 , Aphids , Wheat , Plant proteomics , Rice
- Description: All plants are exposed to abiotic and biotic stresses and have developed intricate signalling responses to survive. They respond to cell-structure disruption caused by herbivore probing and feeding by the formation of callose. Callose is a linear homopolymer made up of β-1,3-linked glucose residues with some β-1,6-branches. Plant responses to abiotic or biotic stress share events such as phosphorylation, membrane depolarization, calcium influx and the release of reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide. These events lead to the up-regulation of several pathways leading to biosynthesis of signalling molecules such as salicylic acid, jasmonate, abscisic acid and ethylene pathways. The aim of this study was to determine the most suitable proteomic approach for identifying proteins and signalling pathways involved in cereal response to aphid infestation. An in silico approach was first evaluated in which the 5ʹ upstream regulatory region of proteins belonging to the family of callose synthases was scanned for cis-regulatory elements in order to identify which callose synthases are possibly expressed in plants during biotic or abiotic stresses. Bioinformatics tools were used in the identification of twelve Arabidopsis and ten rice callose synthase coding regions. Genome sequences for rice and Arabidopsis were scanned for the 2000 bp 5ʹ region upstream of the start codon of each callose synthase coding region. PlantCare, PLACE and Athena software were used to identify putative cis-regulatory elements present in the 2000 bp 5ʹ upstream sequences. The majority of cis-acting elements identified were involved in drought and high temperature responses and only one cis-acting element was involved in wound stress. These results therefore indicated a probable role for plant callose synthases in drought stress responses rather than in biotic stress responses. Genevestigator analysis of Arabidopsis results of micro-array experiments indicated that AtGSL10 is highly up-regulated, with AtGSL1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11 and 12 showing medium up-regulation and AtGSL2, 4 and 9 no up-regulation during aphid infestation of Arabidopsis plants, implicating a possible role for AtGSL10 in the plant response to aphid infestation. An LC/MS/MS approach was used to identify specific signalling pathways involved in wheat resistance or stress response to aphid infestation. Eight proteins were identified as being up-regulated during aphid feeding in wheat, and 11 proteins were identified as possibly involved in the wheat resistance mechanism against aphid infestation. Several proteins were also identified as constitutively expressed proteins, during normal conditions and aphid infestation. Most pathways identified with proteins up-regulated in the resistance mechanisms of TugelaDN plants, were related to energy metabolism and located in the chloroplast. Evaluation of two dimensional gel electrophoresis to identify phosphoproteins differentially regulated in wheat during aphid infestation, revealed the up-regulation of three proteins namely photosystem II oxygen-evolving complex protein 2, HVUNKNOWN from Hordeum vulgare subsp vulgare and HSKERAT9 NID from Homo sapiens. Additional 57 proteins were partially identified as involved in the stress response but due to low protein levels, the percentage of matching peptides to these proteins was below the required confidence level. Although these protein identifications were below the confidence level, it is interesting to note that several of the proteins are known stress response proteins, and therefore could serve as potential targets for future investigations. In conclusion, the down and up-regulation of wheat proteins after aphid feeding reported in this study suggest that several signalling pathways are involved in the cereal stress response to aphid feeding. In silico approaches require knowledge or identification of potential proteins whereas 2D and LC/MS can identify numerous proteins still unknown to be involved in specific stress responses. The 2D approach is also limited in that the proteins of interest may be in low abundance and therefore not detected in the gels due to the presence of high abundant proteins. Therefore the best approach to identify proteins and signalling pathways involved in the stress response of wheat to aphid infestation, is the LC/MS/MS approach, as this proved to be the most sensitive and robust, identifying the most proteins with a high degree of confidence.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012