User requirements framework for mobile government in the Western Cape
- Authors: Wilson, Fiona Michelle
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Government communication systems , Internet in public administration , Electronic government information , Mobile communication systems , Information technology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9751 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008076 , Government communication systems , Internet in public administration , Electronic government information , Mobile communication systems , Information technology
- Description: Globally, mobile technology use, particularly the use of mobile phones, is becoming increasingly widespread. One consequence of this growth is mounting interest in using mobile technologies in the public sector, particularly in developing countries, because it is seen as enabling better access to information and services for citizens. Mobile government (m-government), defined as the use of mobile technologies and applications for public sector services, promises to extend access to public services to marginalised sectors of the population and is emerging as a new focus in the ongoing challenge to provide efficient, effective and accessible public services. Though interest in m-government is emerging in the provincial Western Cape Government (WCG) of South Africa, few guidelines exist in the WCG to inform the development of public sector mobile services. This absence impacts on service delivery and the primary objective of this study was to propose a set of guidelines that could guide the prioritisation of citizen facing public sector services for mobile implementation in the Western Cape. The study considered two areas namely, government and user needs. The primary research question was to determine what public sector services citizens need and how these services should be prioritised for mobile delivery in the Western Cape. To address this, three research sub-questions were formulated. The first question aimed to examine conceptions of mobile government. To achieve this a literature study and documentation review was conducted, from which factors influencing service prioritisation emerged. The second research question aimed to identify citizen needs that could inform mobile public sector services in the Western Cape. Thus a survey and interviews were conducted with citizens using the WCG community ICT centres (e-Centres). The third research question aimed to identify factors that impact on the prioritisation of citizen facing public sectors for mobile delivery in the Western Cape. The findings from the literature study, survey and interviews conducted were used to address this research question. The results from the three research sub-questions were triangulated to address the main objective of the study and from this a set of guidelines for prioritising mobile public sector services in the Western Cape was proposed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Wilson, Fiona Michelle
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Government communication systems , Internet in public administration , Electronic government information , Mobile communication systems , Information technology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9751 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008076 , Government communication systems , Internet in public administration , Electronic government information , Mobile communication systems , Information technology
- Description: Globally, mobile technology use, particularly the use of mobile phones, is becoming increasingly widespread. One consequence of this growth is mounting interest in using mobile technologies in the public sector, particularly in developing countries, because it is seen as enabling better access to information and services for citizens. Mobile government (m-government), defined as the use of mobile technologies and applications for public sector services, promises to extend access to public services to marginalised sectors of the population and is emerging as a new focus in the ongoing challenge to provide efficient, effective and accessible public services. Though interest in m-government is emerging in the provincial Western Cape Government (WCG) of South Africa, few guidelines exist in the WCG to inform the development of public sector mobile services. This absence impacts on service delivery and the primary objective of this study was to propose a set of guidelines that could guide the prioritisation of citizen facing public sector services for mobile implementation in the Western Cape. The study considered two areas namely, government and user needs. The primary research question was to determine what public sector services citizens need and how these services should be prioritised for mobile delivery in the Western Cape. To address this, three research sub-questions were formulated. The first question aimed to examine conceptions of mobile government. To achieve this a literature study and documentation review was conducted, from which factors influencing service prioritisation emerged. The second research question aimed to identify citizen needs that could inform mobile public sector services in the Western Cape. Thus a survey and interviews were conducted with citizens using the WCG community ICT centres (e-Centres). The third research question aimed to identify factors that impact on the prioritisation of citizen facing public sectors for mobile delivery in the Western Cape. The findings from the literature study, survey and interviews conducted were used to address this research question. The results from the three research sub-questions were triangulated to address the main objective of the study and from this a set of guidelines for prioritising mobile public sector services in the Western Cape was proposed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
The tax implications of the sale of a business
- Authors: Walker, Sandra
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Sale of business enterprises -- Taxation -- South Africa , Business tax -- Law and legislation -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:8945 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021002
- Description: Currently, there are two ways to structure the sale of a business. The first is the sale of the ownership of the business, and second, the sale of its assets. The structure of the sale, by way of its ownership or by way of its assets, can have varying and complex tax consequences, and should be an important consideration during negotiations between the seller and purchaser of the business. The purchaser and the seller, in order to minimise tax consequences, should carefully consider the tax payable, flowing from the sale of the business, but often fail to do so because of the complex nature of current tax legislation. My own experience, as a practising accountant and tax practitioner, has been that when faced with complex tax legislation, the seller and the purchaser of a business often choose to ignore this aspect of the sale during negotiations. Those who have attempted to establish the tax consequences of the sale of a business during negotiations have been discouraged by the lack of a practical means to assist them in doing so. Consequently, I have undertaken a conceptual analysis and interpretation of South African tax legislation, interpretations of such legislation by the Court and other related matters with a view to examining, determining and summarising the tax consequences of the sale of a business in a practical manner, and thereby provide the seller and the purchaser with a practical means to assist them in determining the optimal structure for the sale of the business.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Walker, Sandra
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Sale of business enterprises -- Taxation -- South Africa , Business tax -- Law and legislation -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:8945 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021002
- Description: Currently, there are two ways to structure the sale of a business. The first is the sale of the ownership of the business, and second, the sale of its assets. The structure of the sale, by way of its ownership or by way of its assets, can have varying and complex tax consequences, and should be an important consideration during negotiations between the seller and purchaser of the business. The purchaser and the seller, in order to minimise tax consequences, should carefully consider the tax payable, flowing from the sale of the business, but often fail to do so because of the complex nature of current tax legislation. My own experience, as a practising accountant and tax practitioner, has been that when faced with complex tax legislation, the seller and the purchaser of a business often choose to ignore this aspect of the sale during negotiations. Those who have attempted to establish the tax consequences of the sale of a business during negotiations have been discouraged by the lack of a practical means to assist them in doing so. Consequently, I have undertaken a conceptual analysis and interpretation of South African tax legislation, interpretations of such legislation by the Court and other related matters with a view to examining, determining and summarising the tax consequences of the sale of a business in a practical manner, and thereby provide the seller and the purchaser with a practical means to assist them in determining the optimal structure for the sale of the business.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Going beyond illustration of the Lovecraft novel at the mountains of madness
- Authors: Vanderlinden, Cedric
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Lovecraft, H. P. (Howard Phillips), 1890-1937. At the mountains of madness , Sublime, The, in art , Arts
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:8533 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020950
- Description: The research examines the relationship between the Sublime, the written works of H. P. Lovecraft, and the researcher’s production in the studio arts. It analyses how the Sublime is approached as a subject matter and principal objective within philosophical and artistic discourses, historically and within a contemporary paradigm. It also investigates the applicability of the Sublime to selected themes uncovered in H. P. Lovecraft’s work in general, and At the Mountains of Madness in particular. This is undertaken through an investigation of primary and secondary sources whose explorations and contextualization informs and supports the researcher’s practical visual studies. A reflective and critical analysis of this studio work is performed and included in the main body of the dissertation, from which a conclusion is drawn about the effectiveness of this approach. Specifically, the research explores the relevance of the Sublime both as a critical component of contemporary fine arts and as a fundamental element of the work of H. P. Lovecraft, At the Mountains of Madness in particular. In addition, the research’s practical component consists of a visual exploration of the intersection between the two. Furthermore, it represents an evaluation of this overlap in its effective translation across modes of expression, as interpreted through the medium of the researcher’s creative process.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Vanderlinden, Cedric
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Lovecraft, H. P. (Howard Phillips), 1890-1937. At the mountains of madness , Sublime, The, in art , Arts
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:8533 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020950
- Description: The research examines the relationship between the Sublime, the written works of H. P. Lovecraft, and the researcher’s production in the studio arts. It analyses how the Sublime is approached as a subject matter and principal objective within philosophical and artistic discourses, historically and within a contemporary paradigm. It also investigates the applicability of the Sublime to selected themes uncovered in H. P. Lovecraft’s work in general, and At the Mountains of Madness in particular. This is undertaken through an investigation of primary and secondary sources whose explorations and contextualization informs and supports the researcher’s practical visual studies. A reflective and critical analysis of this studio work is performed and included in the main body of the dissertation, from which a conclusion is drawn about the effectiveness of this approach. Specifically, the research explores the relevance of the Sublime both as a critical component of contemporary fine arts and as a fundamental element of the work of H. P. Lovecraft, At the Mountains of Madness in particular. In addition, the research’s practical component consists of a visual exploration of the intersection between the two. Furthermore, it represents an evaluation of this overlap in its effective translation across modes of expression, as interpreted through the medium of the researcher’s creative process.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
A strategy to make ICT accessible in rural Zambia: a case study of Macha
- Authors: Van Stam, Gertjan
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Communication in rural development -- Zambia , Communication and technology -- Zambia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9830
- Description: The problem discussed in this dissertation is to gather evidence of good practice and derive strategy for the development of ICT access in rural Zambia. Access to ICT services is important, also in rural areas of Africa. The challenges are many. There is a distinct void in tangible descriptions of the realities of ICT Access in rural areas or actionable guidelines for practitioners. This study involves a case study in the rural areas of Zambia. It does so through ethnography involving 10 years of observation of aspects of ICT access in rural Macha, Zambia. In this community, emerging from an articulated vision, ICT access in the form of the Internet arrived in 2004. Macha Works with its ICT unit LinkNet provides the basis for this interpretive approach from within the rural cultural setting. The purpose of the study is to benefit the local rural community, addressing the fundamentals of reality to add to the body of knowledge. The study involves cross cultural interaction and takes a trans-disciplinary view on science. It involves Participative Action Learning and Research aimed at recognising the complex adaptive systems while being aligned with the ethics of the rural African environment. Emphasis is on the needs of the community, rather than of the individual utilising empirical evidence. The good practices in Macha that inform strategy to make ICT accessible in rural areas are: engaging the community, building relationships; workforce development, unlocking productivity; thought leadership, establishing authority.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Van Stam, Gertjan
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Communication in rural development -- Zambia , Communication and technology -- Zambia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9830
- Description: The problem discussed in this dissertation is to gather evidence of good practice and derive strategy for the development of ICT access in rural Zambia. Access to ICT services is important, also in rural areas of Africa. The challenges are many. There is a distinct void in tangible descriptions of the realities of ICT Access in rural areas or actionable guidelines for practitioners. This study involves a case study in the rural areas of Zambia. It does so through ethnography involving 10 years of observation of aspects of ICT access in rural Macha, Zambia. In this community, emerging from an articulated vision, ICT access in the form of the Internet arrived in 2004. Macha Works with its ICT unit LinkNet provides the basis for this interpretive approach from within the rural cultural setting. The purpose of the study is to benefit the local rural community, addressing the fundamentals of reality to add to the body of knowledge. The study involves cross cultural interaction and takes a trans-disciplinary view on science. It involves Participative Action Learning and Research aimed at recognising the complex adaptive systems while being aligned with the ethics of the rural African environment. Emphasis is on the needs of the community, rather than of the individual utilising empirical evidence. The good practices in Macha that inform strategy to make ICT accessible in rural areas are: engaging the community, building relationships; workforce development, unlocking productivity; thought leadership, establishing authority.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
An economic analysis of an intensive sheep production system on cultivated pastures in South Africa, incorporating creep feeding- and accelerated breeding practices
- Authors: Terblanche, Stefan
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Pastures -- Irrigation -- South Africa , Sheep -- Productivity -- South Africa , Sheep -- Feeding and feeds
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10737 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020939
- Description: The South African sheep industry has experienced an increase in the price of meat and wool over the past several years. This has led to an interest in intensification of sheep production off planted pastures. Due to this phenomenon an economic viability study was done on the intensification of sheep production on cultivated pastures under irrigation. When intensifying sheep production, certain management practices need to be incorporated in order to enhance the output obtained per hectare and to overcome the higher input cost of production. Management practices that could be included are creep feeding, accelerated breeding and feedlotting of lambs after weaning. In order to determine the economic viability of such a system, certain production parameters need to be obtained for producing sheep intensively from cultivated pastures. Three studies were conducted to obtain the required production parameters; these were then followed by an economic evaluation incorporating the parameters obtained from the studies. All the studies were conducted at Kromme Rhee and Langgewens, two research farms of the Department of Agriculture in the Western Cape.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Terblanche, Stefan
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Pastures -- Irrigation -- South Africa , Sheep -- Productivity -- South Africa , Sheep -- Feeding and feeds
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10737 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020939
- Description: The South African sheep industry has experienced an increase in the price of meat and wool over the past several years. This has led to an interest in intensification of sheep production off planted pastures. Due to this phenomenon an economic viability study was done on the intensification of sheep production on cultivated pastures under irrigation. When intensifying sheep production, certain management practices need to be incorporated in order to enhance the output obtained per hectare and to overcome the higher input cost of production. Management practices that could be included are creep feeding, accelerated breeding and feedlotting of lambs after weaning. In order to determine the economic viability of such a system, certain production parameters need to be obtained for producing sheep intensively from cultivated pastures. Three studies were conducted to obtain the required production parameters; these were then followed by an economic evaluation incorporating the parameters obtained from the studies. All the studies were conducted at Kromme Rhee and Langgewens, two research farms of the Department of Agriculture in the Western Cape.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Transient analysis of erroneous tripping at grassridge static VAr compensator
- Authors: Taberer, Marcel Wayne
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Transients (Electricity) , Electric transformers
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9603 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020918
- Description: The research work conducted and presented forward in this document is the evaluation of real time values obtained using three recording devices at two independent locations and implementing them as recorder devices in Eskom’s power system. The research work conducted was presented at an IEEE International Conference (ICIT2013) and Appendix A shows the accepted paper presented. A derived model within a simulation software package known as DIgSILENT PowerFactory is created and Electromagnetic Transient (EMT) studies are performed and then compared to the real time values obtained using the OMICRON CMC 356’s. Transformers are normally energised via a circuit breaker which is controlled by an auxiliary closing contact. By applying system voltage at a random instant in time on the transformer windings may result in a large transient magnetizing inrush current which causes high orders of 2nd harmonic currents to flow under no load conditions. A philosophy known to mitigate these currents is to energise the transformer by controlling each individual phase 120 degrees apart with the first pole closing at the peak on the voltage waveform. Transients produced due to 500MVA transformers been introduced into the power system at a certain space in time can cause nuisance tripping’s at the particular location where the respective transformer is energised. OMICRON EnerLyzer is the software tool used for the Comtrade recordings at both locations. Four independent case studies are generated within EnerLyzer software and the relevant Comtrade files are extracted for the four independent case studies relative to Transformer1 and Transformer2 switching’s. TOP software, which is a mathematical tool used to analyse Comtrade files, is then used to analyse and investigate the four case studies. Results from DIgSILENT PowerFactory are then generated according to the derived model. The results extracted depict three scenarios, indicating a power system that is weak, strong and specifically a power system that correlates to the actual tripping of a Static VAr Compensator (SVC). The results are all formulated and then evaluated in order to produce a conclusion and bring forward recommendations to Eskom in order to effectively ensure the Dedisa/Grassridge power system is reliable once again.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Taberer, Marcel Wayne
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Transients (Electricity) , Electric transformers
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9603 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020918
- Description: The research work conducted and presented forward in this document is the evaluation of real time values obtained using three recording devices at two independent locations and implementing them as recorder devices in Eskom’s power system. The research work conducted was presented at an IEEE International Conference (ICIT2013) and Appendix A shows the accepted paper presented. A derived model within a simulation software package known as DIgSILENT PowerFactory is created and Electromagnetic Transient (EMT) studies are performed and then compared to the real time values obtained using the OMICRON CMC 356’s. Transformers are normally energised via a circuit breaker which is controlled by an auxiliary closing contact. By applying system voltage at a random instant in time on the transformer windings may result in a large transient magnetizing inrush current which causes high orders of 2nd harmonic currents to flow under no load conditions. A philosophy known to mitigate these currents is to energise the transformer by controlling each individual phase 120 degrees apart with the first pole closing at the peak on the voltage waveform. Transients produced due to 500MVA transformers been introduced into the power system at a certain space in time can cause nuisance tripping’s at the particular location where the respective transformer is energised. OMICRON EnerLyzer is the software tool used for the Comtrade recordings at both locations. Four independent case studies are generated within EnerLyzer software and the relevant Comtrade files are extracted for the four independent case studies relative to Transformer1 and Transformer2 switching’s. TOP software, which is a mathematical tool used to analyse Comtrade files, is then used to analyse and investigate the four case studies. Results from DIgSILENT PowerFactory are then generated according to the derived model. The results extracted depict three scenarios, indicating a power system that is weak, strong and specifically a power system that correlates to the actual tripping of a Static VAr Compensator (SVC). The results are all formulated and then evaluated in order to produce a conclusion and bring forward recommendations to Eskom in order to effectively ensure the Dedisa/Grassridge power system is reliable once again.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
The influence of memebers' perceptions of the smart shopper loyalty programme on their loyality to the Pick 'n Pay store in George
- Authors: Swiegelaar, Carlo
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Customer loyalty programs -- South Africa -- George , Customer loyalty -- South Africa -- George , Perception
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9375 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020817
- Description: In times of economic recession, retailers tend to focus particularly on creating consumer loyalty. Consumers with limited resources search for the best possible alternatives to save money. The latter makes it very difficult for retailers to keep consumers loyal. Marketers claim that successful loyalty programmes can assist retailers in creating consumer loyalty. Based on their structural similarities, Pick 'n Pay adapted the Smart Shopper loyalty programme from Tesco in the United Kingdom in May 2011. This study examined the influence of members' perceptions of the Smart Shopper loyalty programme on their loyalty to the Pick 'n Pay Family Store in George. It also investigated the relationship between consumers' sociodemographic characteristics and their loyalty to the store and to the Smart Shopper loyalty programme. The empirical data were collected by means of questionnaires distributed to Smart Shopper loyalty programme members who patronise the Pick 'n Pay Family Store in George. Three hundred and fifty usable questionnaires were received. Members' perceptions of the Smart Shopper loyalty programme had an significant relationship with their loyalty towards the store. Their perceptions were influenced by the Recognition, Convenience, Savings and exploration and Entertainment they experienced with the Smart Shopper loyalty programme. True and latently loyal consumers regarded Convenience as the most important Smart Shopper benefit, followed by Entertainment, Savings and exploration and Recognition. The distance members resided from the store and their ethnicity were two demographic characteristics that had a significant influence on their loyalty towards the store. However, it has to be pointed out the 58 percent of the respondents were coloured and could have skewed the results. The distance members resided from the store also influenced their loyalty to the Smart Shopper loyalty programme.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Swiegelaar, Carlo
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Customer loyalty programs -- South Africa -- George , Customer loyalty -- South Africa -- George , Perception
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9375 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020817
- Description: In times of economic recession, retailers tend to focus particularly on creating consumer loyalty. Consumers with limited resources search for the best possible alternatives to save money. The latter makes it very difficult for retailers to keep consumers loyal. Marketers claim that successful loyalty programmes can assist retailers in creating consumer loyalty. Based on their structural similarities, Pick 'n Pay adapted the Smart Shopper loyalty programme from Tesco in the United Kingdom in May 2011. This study examined the influence of members' perceptions of the Smart Shopper loyalty programme on their loyalty to the Pick 'n Pay Family Store in George. It also investigated the relationship between consumers' sociodemographic characteristics and their loyalty to the store and to the Smart Shopper loyalty programme. The empirical data were collected by means of questionnaires distributed to Smart Shopper loyalty programme members who patronise the Pick 'n Pay Family Store in George. Three hundred and fifty usable questionnaires were received. Members' perceptions of the Smart Shopper loyalty programme had an significant relationship with their loyalty towards the store. Their perceptions were influenced by the Recognition, Convenience, Savings and exploration and Entertainment they experienced with the Smart Shopper loyalty programme. True and latently loyal consumers regarded Convenience as the most important Smart Shopper benefit, followed by Entertainment, Savings and exploration and Recognition. The distance members resided from the store and their ethnicity were two demographic characteristics that had a significant influence on their loyalty towards the store. However, it has to be pointed out the 58 percent of the respondents were coloured and could have skewed the results. The distance members resided from the store also influenced their loyalty to the Smart Shopper loyalty programme.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Investigating the possibility of using wild silk fancy yarns to produce upholstery fabrics for home furniture
- Authors: Somi, Bongiwe Promrose
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Textile design , Textile fabrics
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/7616 , vital:22103
- Description: About a decade ago an attempt to build a viable wild silk industry, prompted by the discovery of the naturally available wild silk cocoons in the North West Province of South Africa, was made and a degumming plant was established in the Ganyesa village. The challenges faced in that establishment soon brought the developments to a standstill and cited among the problems was the lack of designer input in the production stages, which resulted in poor quality products. Focusing on the design problem the intention of this research is to explore a more effective design and production method for the wild silk fabrics. Through assessing the previously produced fabrics in order to identify their limitations, and by experimenting with innovative fabric production processes, a suitable aesthetic quality can be added to the final products. Starting with the investigation of current trends and choosing a design theme as a guide for the production process, fabric samples intended for use in upholstery of home furniture are developed. With the objective of successfully achieving a balance between aesthetic appeal and suitability for the intended end use, the fabrics are subjected to performance assessments based on internationally recognised standards. From the findings of this research it is therefore envisaged that, from the design aspect, proper redevelopment of the South African wild silk industry could encourage further involvement from textile designers. This would bring more improvement to the fabrics produced and encourage their use in different applications.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Somi, Bongiwe Promrose
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Textile design , Textile fabrics
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/7616 , vital:22103
- Description: About a decade ago an attempt to build a viable wild silk industry, prompted by the discovery of the naturally available wild silk cocoons in the North West Province of South Africa, was made and a degumming plant was established in the Ganyesa village. The challenges faced in that establishment soon brought the developments to a standstill and cited among the problems was the lack of designer input in the production stages, which resulted in poor quality products. Focusing on the design problem the intention of this research is to explore a more effective design and production method for the wild silk fabrics. Through assessing the previously produced fabrics in order to identify their limitations, and by experimenting with innovative fabric production processes, a suitable aesthetic quality can be added to the final products. Starting with the investigation of current trends and choosing a design theme as a guide for the production process, fabric samples intended for use in upholstery of home furniture are developed. With the objective of successfully achieving a balance between aesthetic appeal and suitability for the intended end use, the fabrics are subjected to performance assessments based on internationally recognised standards. From the findings of this research it is therefore envisaged that, from the design aspect, proper redevelopment of the South African wild silk industry could encourage further involvement from textile designers. This would bring more improvement to the fabrics produced and encourage their use in different applications.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
The response of maize to selected ratios of organic fertilizers mixed with inorganic fertilizers in Ndlambe Local Municipality, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Solontsi, Mhlangabezi
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Fertilizers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Corn -- Yields -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Leaf area index -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10594 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020902
- Description: The majority of small-scale farmers in the Eastern Cape apply inadequate quantities of manure, inorganic (NPK) fertilizer and Gromor as lone fertilizers or tend to mix manure or Gromor with chemical fertilizers for crops, without any scientific basis (Mkile, 2001). Hence this study – aimed at achieving effective and efficient use of chemical fertilizers, manure and Gromor, either as lone fertilizers or mixed with one another, in maize production – was established. A three-year dry land field experiment, arranged in a RCBD with 3 replicates where cattle manure, chemical fertilizer and Gromor were mixed at different ratios – as treatments FM1 (10 percent fertilizer + 90 percent manure); FM2 (25 percent fertilizer + 75 percent manure); FM3 (50 percent fertilizer + 50 percent manure); MAP (100 percent fertilizer); M (100 percent cattle manure); FG1 (10 percent fertilizer + 90 percent Gromor); FG2 (25 percent fertilizer + 75 percent Gromor); FG3 (50 percent fertilizer + 50 percent Gromor); G (100 percent Gromor) and a control (with nothing applied) – was conducted at the Nolukhanyo agricultural project at Bathurst in the Ndlambe Local Municipality. Maize cultivars PAN 6480 and Sahara were used as test crops. Manure, Gromor and soil were analyzed for their nutrient composition. Data recorded involving number of kernels per cob-1, grain and dry matter (DM) yields for the 2010-11, 2011-12 and 2012-13 seasons, and leaf area index (LAI) – were subjected to Genstat Version 14.1 for statistical analysis. Grain yields of PAN 6480 and Sahara recorded in seasons 2010-11, 2011-12 and 2012-13 were significantly higher (p≤0.05) than those of the controls. In 2012-13, PAN 6480 on treatments FG3 and FG1 produced the highest grain yields (5 327 and 5 107kg ha-1) respectively, while in 2010-11 the highest yield was 3 780kg ha-1. In the 2012-13 season, Sahara on F treatment was the highest with 4 553kg ha-1 whilst there were no significant differences in F and M treatments. Dry matter yields of Sahara were higher than those of PAN 6480 in all seasons. The highest Sahara LAI obtained on FM2 was 5.85 in the 2012-13 season, whereas PAN 6480 had LAI of 4.77 on F treatment, followed by FG3 with 4.72 LAI. PAN 6480 number of leaves for 6 plants in m2 and LAI in week 8 of the 2012-13 season had a positive correlation, r2=0.84. PAN 6480 number of kernels and cob length in the same area correlated quite well (r2 =0.91). Chemical fertilizer corrects the imbalances of nutrients inherent in organic manures and increases both maize grain yields and dry matter yields, and also influences number of leaves and LAI. Treatments FG1, FG3 and FM1 of PAN 6480 resulted in high maize grain yields when planted 13 in late November of the 2012-13 growing season and when water in the soil profile was conserved as a result of good rains received prior to planting. Treatments FG1 (10 percent fertilizer + 90 percent Gromor), FG3 (50 percent fertilizer + 50 percent Gromor) of PAN 6480 produced the highest grain yields (5 107kg ha-1 and 5 327kg ha-1 respectively) in the 2012-13 season, whilst FM1 (10 percent fertilizer + 90 percent manure) gave the highest grain yield (of 4 277kg ha-1) for the same cultivar in the 2010-11 season.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Solontsi, Mhlangabezi
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Fertilizers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Corn -- Yields -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Leaf area index -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10594 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020902
- Description: The majority of small-scale farmers in the Eastern Cape apply inadequate quantities of manure, inorganic (NPK) fertilizer and Gromor as lone fertilizers or tend to mix manure or Gromor with chemical fertilizers for crops, without any scientific basis (Mkile, 2001). Hence this study – aimed at achieving effective and efficient use of chemical fertilizers, manure and Gromor, either as lone fertilizers or mixed with one another, in maize production – was established. A three-year dry land field experiment, arranged in a RCBD with 3 replicates where cattle manure, chemical fertilizer and Gromor were mixed at different ratios – as treatments FM1 (10 percent fertilizer + 90 percent manure); FM2 (25 percent fertilizer + 75 percent manure); FM3 (50 percent fertilizer + 50 percent manure); MAP (100 percent fertilizer); M (100 percent cattle manure); FG1 (10 percent fertilizer + 90 percent Gromor); FG2 (25 percent fertilizer + 75 percent Gromor); FG3 (50 percent fertilizer + 50 percent Gromor); G (100 percent Gromor) and a control (with nothing applied) – was conducted at the Nolukhanyo agricultural project at Bathurst in the Ndlambe Local Municipality. Maize cultivars PAN 6480 and Sahara were used as test crops. Manure, Gromor and soil were analyzed for their nutrient composition. Data recorded involving number of kernels per cob-1, grain and dry matter (DM) yields for the 2010-11, 2011-12 and 2012-13 seasons, and leaf area index (LAI) – were subjected to Genstat Version 14.1 for statistical analysis. Grain yields of PAN 6480 and Sahara recorded in seasons 2010-11, 2011-12 and 2012-13 were significantly higher (p≤0.05) than those of the controls. In 2012-13, PAN 6480 on treatments FG3 and FG1 produced the highest grain yields (5 327 and 5 107kg ha-1) respectively, while in 2010-11 the highest yield was 3 780kg ha-1. In the 2012-13 season, Sahara on F treatment was the highest with 4 553kg ha-1 whilst there were no significant differences in F and M treatments. Dry matter yields of Sahara were higher than those of PAN 6480 in all seasons. The highest Sahara LAI obtained on FM2 was 5.85 in the 2012-13 season, whereas PAN 6480 had LAI of 4.77 on F treatment, followed by FG3 with 4.72 LAI. PAN 6480 number of leaves for 6 plants in m2 and LAI in week 8 of the 2012-13 season had a positive correlation, r2=0.84. PAN 6480 number of kernels and cob length in the same area correlated quite well (r2 =0.91). Chemical fertilizer corrects the imbalances of nutrients inherent in organic manures and increases both maize grain yields and dry matter yields, and also influences number of leaves and LAI. Treatments FG1, FG3 and FM1 of PAN 6480 resulted in high maize grain yields when planted 13 in late November of the 2012-13 growing season and when water in the soil profile was conserved as a result of good rains received prior to planting. Treatments FG1 (10 percent fertilizer + 90 percent Gromor), FG3 (50 percent fertilizer + 50 percent Gromor) of PAN 6480 produced the highest grain yields (5 107kg ha-1 and 5 327kg ha-1 respectively) in the 2012-13 season, whilst FM1 (10 percent fertilizer + 90 percent manure) gave the highest grain yield (of 4 277kg ha-1) for the same cultivar in the 2010-11 season.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Green building guidelines at Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University
- Authors: Smit, Gerrit
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Sustainable buildings , Sustainable architecture -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , College campuses
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9697 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1010974 , Sustainable buildings , Sustainable architecture -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , College campuses
- Description: Although much research has been conducted on the greening of universities in the international context, not many studies focus on this topic in the South African context. A literature overview also identified that there are insufficient guidelines for green buildings at South African universities. Even though the Green Star rating tool is implemented in South Africa, no set of guidelines for green buildings exits at South African universities. The development of guidelines for green buildings at Nelson Mandela Metropolitan is a challenge which needs to be investigated. From the literature overview, it was possible to develop a framework containing seventeen green building aspects which could assist in developing green building guidelines. For this study, a two stage process was used to obtain information to evaluate green building guidelines critically at South African universities. Green building guidelines, as available at South African universities, were firstly explored by conducting a content analysis of all South African university websites. The information available on South African university websites regarding green buildings was scant and only two universities, namely the University of Cape Town and the University of Pretoria, reported that they had a green building. Stage two in the research process involved the empirical investigation of guidelines for green buildings at Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. The results of the descriptive statistics showed that most building guidelines were perceived as important, but difficult to implement. The building guideline that was ranked the most important was the design of buildings that required low levels of maintenance or were maintenance free. The building guideline that was ranked the easiest to implement was to save energy in general. Considering the 17 suggested aspects and the five groups identified, a proposed set of green building guidelines was developed. The data gathered in this study is important as it could be utilised by the university to develop and implement the proposed green building guidelines.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Smit, Gerrit
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Sustainable buildings , Sustainable architecture -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , College campuses
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9697 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1010974 , Sustainable buildings , Sustainable architecture -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , College campuses
- Description: Although much research has been conducted on the greening of universities in the international context, not many studies focus on this topic in the South African context. A literature overview also identified that there are insufficient guidelines for green buildings at South African universities. Even though the Green Star rating tool is implemented in South Africa, no set of guidelines for green buildings exits at South African universities. The development of guidelines for green buildings at Nelson Mandela Metropolitan is a challenge which needs to be investigated. From the literature overview, it was possible to develop a framework containing seventeen green building aspects which could assist in developing green building guidelines. For this study, a two stage process was used to obtain information to evaluate green building guidelines critically at South African universities. Green building guidelines, as available at South African universities, were firstly explored by conducting a content analysis of all South African university websites. The information available on South African university websites regarding green buildings was scant and only two universities, namely the University of Cape Town and the University of Pretoria, reported that they had a green building. Stage two in the research process involved the empirical investigation of guidelines for green buildings at Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. The results of the descriptive statistics showed that most building guidelines were perceived as important, but difficult to implement. The building guideline that was ranked the most important was the design of buildings that required low levels of maintenance or were maintenance free. The building guideline that was ranked the easiest to implement was to save energy in general. Considering the 17 suggested aspects and the five groups identified, a proposed set of green building guidelines was developed. The data gathered in this study is important as it could be utilised by the university to develop and implement the proposed green building guidelines.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
A study to determine the motivational climate in the Department of Health
- Authors: Seitshiro, Tshidiso
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Employee motivation , Job satisfaction -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Public health -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:8916 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021090
- Description: The Department of Health, being a public entity, has a responsibility to provide quality health services to the community. The Department has experienced repeated negative feedback from the press with respect to job dissatisfaction and the quality of service. This could be the result of low employee motivation. The researcher was concerned and interested in investigating possible causes of these allegations by the press. The main purpose of this study was to analyse the motivational climate of employees in the Department of Health. The study included a literature study of employee motivation and organisational climate. The purpose of the literature was to determine how the Department of Health measures up to what the literature reveals. A questionnaire was used as an instrument to collect data. The questionnaire was formulated from the literature discussed in the research study. The major findings indicated that the level of motivation in the Department of Health was low. Findings also indicated the majority of employees were not trained in the Batho Pele principle. The researcher argued that if employees were trained in the Batho Pele principle and also practised, the negative press feedback would be minimal. The researcher suggested certain recommendations for those areas where findings indicated shortcomings in an attempt to increase the overall levels of employee motivation within the Department of Health.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Seitshiro, Tshidiso
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Employee motivation , Job satisfaction -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Public health -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:8916 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021090
- Description: The Department of Health, being a public entity, has a responsibility to provide quality health services to the community. The Department has experienced repeated negative feedback from the press with respect to job dissatisfaction and the quality of service. This could be the result of low employee motivation. The researcher was concerned and interested in investigating possible causes of these allegations by the press. The main purpose of this study was to analyse the motivational climate of employees in the Department of Health. The study included a literature study of employee motivation and organisational climate. The purpose of the literature was to determine how the Department of Health measures up to what the literature reveals. A questionnaire was used as an instrument to collect data. The questionnaire was formulated from the literature discussed in the research study. The major findings indicated that the level of motivation in the Department of Health was low. Findings also indicated the majority of employees were not trained in the Batho Pele principle. The researcher argued that if employees were trained in the Batho Pele principle and also practised, the negative press feedback would be minimal. The researcher suggested certain recommendations for those areas where findings indicated shortcomings in an attempt to increase the overall levels of employee motivation within the Department of Health.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
The effect of modified fuel loads on fire behaviour in Pinus patula and Eucalyptus macarthurii stands in the Mpumalanga Highveld forestry region of South Africa
- Authors: Pool, Christiaan Frederik
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Wildfires , Forest fires , Fire management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10742 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1010958 , Wildfires , Forest fires , Fire management
- Description: The effectiveness of harvesting slash treatments are questionable when wild fires, fuelled by post harvesting slash, burn out of control. In order to quantify effectiveness of various slash treatments, fire behaviour in Pinus patula and Eucalyptus macarthurii compartments in the Highveld area (Piet Retief) of Mpumalanga, South Africa, were assessed after application of five different post-harvesting slash treatments. Treatments included mulching, chopper rolling, windrowing, removal of slash (inter-windrowing) and broadcasting. Independent fuel and environmental variables were measured prior and during application of fire to the study areas and effects on fire behaviour were compared afterwards. Dependant fire behaviour variables such as the rate of spread, fire temperature and flame height were measured in respective slash treatment plots and compared. Results of the study indicated that fire behaviour assessed in mulched areas in both the P. patula and E. macarthurii compartments were significantly less intense when compared to fire behaviour in chopper roll, broadcast and windrow treatments. Fire behaviour in mulched plots compared favourably with areas where harvesting slash was removed (inter-windrow treatment). Comparisons between fuel loads of different treatments also indicated accelerated mineralization of organic material in mulched areas. Mulching of harvesting slash seems to be an effective method to restrict fire behaviour in post-harvesting compartments and should be considered as part of a fire management strategy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Pool, Christiaan Frederik
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Wildfires , Forest fires , Fire management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10742 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1010958 , Wildfires , Forest fires , Fire management
- Description: The effectiveness of harvesting slash treatments are questionable when wild fires, fuelled by post harvesting slash, burn out of control. In order to quantify effectiveness of various slash treatments, fire behaviour in Pinus patula and Eucalyptus macarthurii compartments in the Highveld area (Piet Retief) of Mpumalanga, South Africa, were assessed after application of five different post-harvesting slash treatments. Treatments included mulching, chopper rolling, windrowing, removal of slash (inter-windrowing) and broadcasting. Independent fuel and environmental variables were measured prior and during application of fire to the study areas and effects on fire behaviour were compared afterwards. Dependant fire behaviour variables such as the rate of spread, fire temperature and flame height were measured in respective slash treatment plots and compared. Results of the study indicated that fire behaviour assessed in mulched areas in both the P. patula and E. macarthurii compartments were significantly less intense when compared to fire behaviour in chopper roll, broadcast and windrow treatments. Fire behaviour in mulched plots compared favourably with areas where harvesting slash was removed (inter-windrow treatment). Comparisons between fuel loads of different treatments also indicated accelerated mineralization of organic material in mulched areas. Mulching of harvesting slash seems to be an effective method to restrict fire behaviour in post-harvesting compartments and should be considered as part of a fire management strategy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
The feeding ecology of extralimital Nyala (Tragelaphus Angasii) in the Arid Mosaic thicket of the Southern Cape
- Authors: Pienaar, Ryno Cuyler
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Nyala -- Feeding and feeds , Nyala -- Nutrition -- South Africa -- Southern Cape , Nyala -- Ecology -- South Africa -- Southern Cape , Animal-plant relationships -- South Africa -- Southern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10757 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021012
- Description: The nyala on Buffelsdrift Private Game Reserve were found to be mainly browsers and made little use of grass during the study period. Browse contributed 87.8 percent to the annual diet, while grass contributed 12.2 percent. Only six species formed > 5 percent of the annual diet. Of these six only three species formed > 10 percent. They are the shrubs Acacia karroo, Pappea capensis and Grewia robusta. These were followed by the shrub Portulacaria afra, the dwarf shrub Zygophyllum lichtensteinianum and the grass Cynodon dactylon all contributing between 5 - 10 percent. There were definite seasonal dietary shifts with preference to different plant species. The shift takes place between the wet seasons (winter and spring) and the dry season (summer). Herbaceous species such as Cynodon dactylon and Erharta calycina were favoured in the winter/wet season. Shrubs such as P. capensis, P. afra and dwarf shrubs such as Limeum aethiopicum and Z. lichtensteinianum were favoured during the spring/wet and summer/dry seasons. Nyala habitat use in BPGR differed significantly from expected use when taking the relative area of habitats into consideration. However nyala did not display signififcantly different habitat preferences between seasons. Male and female nyala displayed differences in foraging behaviour at the plant form, plant species and habitat scale. Males preferred a greater proportion of shrubs and females a greater proportion of dwarf shrubs. Males preferred the shrubs Pappea capensis and Portulacaria afra the most and females preferred the dwarf shrubs Limeum aethiopicum and Zygophyllum lichtensteinianum the most. Plant species site availability varied significantly between the sexes, indicating that males and females selected different feeding paths. The difference in their feeding strategy appears to be related to the selection of plants that best satisfy the nutrient requirements of each sex. These findings are in agreement with the results from earlier studies on nyala sexual dimorphism. At the habitat scale females selected more for open dwarf shrubland and males more for densely vegetated habitats. This appears to be as a result of males attempting to maximize their foraging opportunities by selecting areas that offer food in greater quantities. Nyala in BPGR appear to co-exist with kudu and eland through spatial resource partitioning. This is suggested to be due to the influence of body size-gut size relationships on forage selectivity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Pienaar, Ryno Cuyler
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Nyala -- Feeding and feeds , Nyala -- Nutrition -- South Africa -- Southern Cape , Nyala -- Ecology -- South Africa -- Southern Cape , Animal-plant relationships -- South Africa -- Southern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10757 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021012
- Description: The nyala on Buffelsdrift Private Game Reserve were found to be mainly browsers and made little use of grass during the study period. Browse contributed 87.8 percent to the annual diet, while grass contributed 12.2 percent. Only six species formed > 5 percent of the annual diet. Of these six only three species formed > 10 percent. They are the shrubs Acacia karroo, Pappea capensis and Grewia robusta. These were followed by the shrub Portulacaria afra, the dwarf shrub Zygophyllum lichtensteinianum and the grass Cynodon dactylon all contributing between 5 - 10 percent. There were definite seasonal dietary shifts with preference to different plant species. The shift takes place between the wet seasons (winter and spring) and the dry season (summer). Herbaceous species such as Cynodon dactylon and Erharta calycina were favoured in the winter/wet season. Shrubs such as P. capensis, P. afra and dwarf shrubs such as Limeum aethiopicum and Z. lichtensteinianum were favoured during the spring/wet and summer/dry seasons. Nyala habitat use in BPGR differed significantly from expected use when taking the relative area of habitats into consideration. However nyala did not display signififcantly different habitat preferences between seasons. Male and female nyala displayed differences in foraging behaviour at the plant form, plant species and habitat scale. Males preferred a greater proportion of shrubs and females a greater proportion of dwarf shrubs. Males preferred the shrubs Pappea capensis and Portulacaria afra the most and females preferred the dwarf shrubs Limeum aethiopicum and Zygophyllum lichtensteinianum the most. Plant species site availability varied significantly between the sexes, indicating that males and females selected different feeding paths. The difference in their feeding strategy appears to be related to the selection of plants that best satisfy the nutrient requirements of each sex. These findings are in agreement with the results from earlier studies on nyala sexual dimorphism. At the habitat scale females selected more for open dwarf shrubland and males more for densely vegetated habitats. This appears to be as a result of males attempting to maximize their foraging opportunities by selecting areas that offer food in greater quantities. Nyala in BPGR appear to co-exist with kudu and eland through spatial resource partitioning. This is suggested to be due to the influence of body size-gut size relationships on forage selectivity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Budget control analysis of logistics companies in Port Elizabeth
- Authors: Phipps, Kaaren Maree
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Budget -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Budget baselines -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Budget process -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:8946 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021027
- Description: The treatise analyses the issues around budgets and examines budget expenditure control procedures. The research method selected has been formulated from the research onion process (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill 2009). This methodology first identifies the research approach, research strategy, timelines and data collection methods. As part of the research process, a quantitative approach has been taken and a survey was carried out in relation to the collection of quantitative data for the purposes of the treatise research. The final analysis of the survey results is reflected in the conclusion of the research findings. Budget expenditure control procedures provide a company with a method of control for managing actual spending against the budget. Most companies have a refined practice of budget preparation, and in the larger companies, these are implemented across all departments and carried out by respective managers. Once the budget is in place, it is the responsibility of the managers to ensure that those having expenditure authorisation adhere to it. If control procedures are well managed, this allows for improved efficiency in operations and can lead to benefits in budget performance. Control procedures that are inefficient and poorly managed will inhibit budget objectives being achieved. The control procedures for budget expenditure can be formulated and applied to optimise budget performance and to control budget variance. Formal budget expenditure control procedures, as part of a company’s budget strategy, can provide managers with an effective business tool that improves current budget spending control procedures. This will then result in the identification of potential efficiency gains and improve budget performance.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Phipps, Kaaren Maree
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Budget -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Budget baselines -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Budget process -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:8946 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021027
- Description: The treatise analyses the issues around budgets and examines budget expenditure control procedures. The research method selected has been formulated from the research onion process (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill 2009). This methodology first identifies the research approach, research strategy, timelines and data collection methods. As part of the research process, a quantitative approach has been taken and a survey was carried out in relation to the collection of quantitative data for the purposes of the treatise research. The final analysis of the survey results is reflected in the conclusion of the research findings. Budget expenditure control procedures provide a company with a method of control for managing actual spending against the budget. Most companies have a refined practice of budget preparation, and in the larger companies, these are implemented across all departments and carried out by respective managers. Once the budget is in place, it is the responsibility of the managers to ensure that those having expenditure authorisation adhere to it. If control procedures are well managed, this allows for improved efficiency in operations and can lead to benefits in budget performance. Control procedures that are inefficient and poorly managed will inhibit budget objectives being achieved. The control procedures for budget expenditure can be formulated and applied to optimise budget performance and to control budget variance. Formal budget expenditure control procedures, as part of a company’s budget strategy, can provide managers with an effective business tool that improves current budget spending control procedures. This will then result in the identification of potential efficiency gains and improve budget performance.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Analysis of factors influencing the performance of a hydrokinetic coil pump
- Authors: Opperman, Adriaan Jacobus
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Pumping machinery, Electric , Pumping machinery -- Performance
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9640 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021041
- Description: A hydrokinetic coil pump (HCP) is described by its name. It is a coil pump driven by the kinetic energy in flowing water. The hydrokinetic energy is converted into mechanical energy by means of a paddle-wheel. The coil pump makes up part of the paddle-wheel and together is called a HCP. The HCP floats in a stream of flowing water while tethered to the bank. The focus of the study was to identify and analyse the factors influencing the HCP. The HCP was then optimized for rural application. Data acquisition took place through experimentation on a full scale experimental platform according to a central composite experimental design. Variables used for the experimentation included; Stream Velocity, Delivery Head, Number of Coils, Discharge, Number of Paddles, Paddle-Wheel rotational speed Overall HCP efficiencies of up to 22 percent were obtained. The efficiency would drop as the stream velocity increased. Stream velocity has been identified as the most influential factor with regards to the variables analysed by this study. The HCP is ideal for rural application. The simplicity of the design ensures reliability as well as an effective water supply solution. The HCP is ideal for slow flowing rivers and can deliver up to 1190ℓ/h to a delivery head of 5m with a stream velocity of 1.2m/s. This is sufficient to supply a small rural community with running water.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Opperman, Adriaan Jacobus
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Pumping machinery, Electric , Pumping machinery -- Performance
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9640 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021041
- Description: A hydrokinetic coil pump (HCP) is described by its name. It is a coil pump driven by the kinetic energy in flowing water. The hydrokinetic energy is converted into mechanical energy by means of a paddle-wheel. The coil pump makes up part of the paddle-wheel and together is called a HCP. The HCP floats in a stream of flowing water while tethered to the bank. The focus of the study was to identify and analyse the factors influencing the HCP. The HCP was then optimized for rural application. Data acquisition took place through experimentation on a full scale experimental platform according to a central composite experimental design. Variables used for the experimentation included; Stream Velocity, Delivery Head, Number of Coils, Discharge, Number of Paddles, Paddle-Wheel rotational speed Overall HCP efficiencies of up to 22 percent were obtained. The efficiency would drop as the stream velocity increased. Stream velocity has been identified as the most influential factor with regards to the variables analysed by this study. The HCP is ideal for rural application. The simplicity of the design ensures reliability as well as an effective water supply solution. The HCP is ideal for slow flowing rivers and can deliver up to 1190ℓ/h to a delivery head of 5m with a stream velocity of 1.2m/s. This is sufficient to supply a small rural community with running water.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
A control framework for the assessment of information security culture
- Authors: Okere, Irene Onyekachi
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Data encryption (Computer science) , Business -- Data processing -- Security measures , Computer security
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9818 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019861
- Description: The modern organisation relies heavily on information to function effectively. With such reliance on information, it is vital that information be protected from both internal (employees) and external threats. The protection of information or information security to a large extent depends on the behaviour of humans (employees) in the organisation. The behaviour of employees is one of the top information security issues facing organisations as the human factor is regarded as the weakest link in the security chain. To address this human factor many researchers have suggested the fostering of a culture of information security so that information security becomes second nature to employees. Information security culture as defined for this research study exists in four levels namely artefacts, espoused values, shared tacit assumptions and information security knowledge. An important step in the fostering of an information security culture is the assessment of the current state of such a culture. Gaps in current approaches for assessing information security culture were identified and this research study proposes the use of a control framework to address the identified gaps. This research study focuses on the assessment of information security culture and addresses 5 research objectives namely 1) to describe information security culture in the field of information security, 2) to determine ways to foster information security culture in an organisation, 3) to demonstrate the gap in current approaches used to assess information security culture, 4) to determine the components that could be used for the assessment of information security culture for each of the culture’s underlying levels and 5) to describe a process for the assessment of information security culture for all four levels. This research study follows a qualitative approach utilising a design science strategy and multi-method qualitative data collection techniques including literature review, qualitative content analysis, argumentation, and modelling techniques. The research methods provide a means for the interpretation of the data and the development of the proposed control framework.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Okere, Irene Onyekachi
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Data encryption (Computer science) , Business -- Data processing -- Security measures , Computer security
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9818 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019861
- Description: The modern organisation relies heavily on information to function effectively. With such reliance on information, it is vital that information be protected from both internal (employees) and external threats. The protection of information or information security to a large extent depends on the behaviour of humans (employees) in the organisation. The behaviour of employees is one of the top information security issues facing organisations as the human factor is regarded as the weakest link in the security chain. To address this human factor many researchers have suggested the fostering of a culture of information security so that information security becomes second nature to employees. Information security culture as defined for this research study exists in four levels namely artefacts, espoused values, shared tacit assumptions and information security knowledge. An important step in the fostering of an information security culture is the assessment of the current state of such a culture. Gaps in current approaches for assessing information security culture were identified and this research study proposes the use of a control framework to address the identified gaps. This research study focuses on the assessment of information security culture and addresses 5 research objectives namely 1) to describe information security culture in the field of information security, 2) to determine ways to foster information security culture in an organisation, 3) to demonstrate the gap in current approaches used to assess information security culture, 4) to determine the components that could be used for the assessment of information security culture for each of the culture’s underlying levels and 5) to describe a process for the assessment of information security culture for all four levels. This research study follows a qualitative approach utilising a design science strategy and multi-method qualitative data collection techniques including literature review, qualitative content analysis, argumentation, and modelling techniques. The research methods provide a means for the interpretation of the data and the development of the proposed control framework.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Effects of crop rotation and tillage system on the control of ryegrass (lolium multiflorum X perenne) in wheat (triticum aestivum) in the Swartland production area of South Africa's Western Cape Province
- Authors: Nteyi, Sinovuyo Mava
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Cropping systems , Conservation tillage -- South Africa -- Western Cape , Ryegrasses
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10738 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020990
- Description: A major challenge facing agriculture today is to sustain the productivity of agricultural systems with the reduction of weed invasion. The Swartland region in the Western Cape (South Africa) is intensively cropped, producing wheat (Triticum aestivum) as the major crop. As a result of the weedy ryegrass invasion the wheat yield is reduced. In addition, ryegrass has developed resistance to grass herbicides (graminicides). This situation has increased the need to use alternative practices for controlling the invasion of ryegrass in wheat fields. In this regard, crop rotation and tillage systems were proposed as techniques to suppress the ryegrass invasion. This could thus maintain a sustainable long-term wheat production system with less application of herbicides, decreased input costs and increased total grain yield. Against this background, the effects of crop rotation and tillage were determined on ryegrass seedling emergence in a field and shade netting experiment, while seed dormancy was determined in the laboratory. The objectives were to compare the wheat production of two crop rotations with mono-cropped wheat and assess the impact on the ryegrass population in no-till and minimum tillage systems. Analyses of variance on data sets of ryegrass seeds from 2009, 2010 and 2011 were used to determine germination and dormancy percentages in laboratory experiments. The performance of laboratory treatments was evaluated on the basis of germination percentage of seeds. In the field and shade netting experiments, analyses of variance for data from 2007, 2011 and 2012 were used to determine crop rotation x tillage system response. Field and shade netting performance were evaluated on the basis of ryegrass population inhibition and stimulation respectively. Ryegrass seeds from 2009 and 2010 showed higher germination percentages (80 per cent and 73 per cent) than 2011 (42 per cent). Primary dormancy prevented high germination of newly harvested seeds as dormancy release increase with age of the seed. Results of field and shade netting experiments showed stimulation of the ryegrass weed population in wheat monoculture under minimum tillage. However, when wheat was rotated with leguminous crops under both tillage systems (minimum-till and no-till) ryegrass was significantly inhibited. It was concluded that the critical period for weed competition is the first six weeks after planting. Results from this study provide a basis for producers of cereals to make good decisions with regards to timing weed control measures. It is essential to use competitive crop sequences which will inhibit weeds. The challenge is getting this practice adopted and implemented by producers as it will promote conservation agriculture within the region. This study promotes long-term sustainable wheat production systems with an efficient weed management programme that is environmentally friendly using less herbicides within the Swartland region.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Nteyi, Sinovuyo Mava
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Cropping systems , Conservation tillage -- South Africa -- Western Cape , Ryegrasses
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10738 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020990
- Description: A major challenge facing agriculture today is to sustain the productivity of agricultural systems with the reduction of weed invasion. The Swartland region in the Western Cape (South Africa) is intensively cropped, producing wheat (Triticum aestivum) as the major crop. As a result of the weedy ryegrass invasion the wheat yield is reduced. In addition, ryegrass has developed resistance to grass herbicides (graminicides). This situation has increased the need to use alternative practices for controlling the invasion of ryegrass in wheat fields. In this regard, crop rotation and tillage systems were proposed as techniques to suppress the ryegrass invasion. This could thus maintain a sustainable long-term wheat production system with less application of herbicides, decreased input costs and increased total grain yield. Against this background, the effects of crop rotation and tillage were determined on ryegrass seedling emergence in a field and shade netting experiment, while seed dormancy was determined in the laboratory. The objectives were to compare the wheat production of two crop rotations with mono-cropped wheat and assess the impact on the ryegrass population in no-till and minimum tillage systems. Analyses of variance on data sets of ryegrass seeds from 2009, 2010 and 2011 were used to determine germination and dormancy percentages in laboratory experiments. The performance of laboratory treatments was evaluated on the basis of germination percentage of seeds. In the field and shade netting experiments, analyses of variance for data from 2007, 2011 and 2012 were used to determine crop rotation x tillage system response. Field and shade netting performance were evaluated on the basis of ryegrass population inhibition and stimulation respectively. Ryegrass seeds from 2009 and 2010 showed higher germination percentages (80 per cent and 73 per cent) than 2011 (42 per cent). Primary dormancy prevented high germination of newly harvested seeds as dormancy release increase with age of the seed. Results of field and shade netting experiments showed stimulation of the ryegrass weed population in wheat monoculture under minimum tillage. However, when wheat was rotated with leguminous crops under both tillage systems (minimum-till and no-till) ryegrass was significantly inhibited. It was concluded that the critical period for weed competition is the first six weeks after planting. Results from this study provide a basis for producers of cereals to make good decisions with regards to timing weed control measures. It is essential to use competitive crop sequences which will inhibit weeds. The challenge is getting this practice adopted and implemented by producers as it will promote conservation agriculture within the region. This study promotes long-term sustainable wheat production systems with an efficient weed management programme that is environmentally friendly using less herbicides within the Swartland region.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Antimicrobial activities of three medicinal plants against selected diarrheagenic pathogens
- Authors: Nkosi, Themba Johan
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Anti-infective agents , Drug resistance in microorganisms , Materia medica, Vegetable
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10126 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020759
- Description: Diarrhea is a global concern that the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the World Health Organization (WHO), have confirmed to be the second major cause of death in children under the age of five. Major bacterial pathogens that cause diarrhea include Escherichia coli, Salmonella species, Shigella species and Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotic therapy is recommended depending on the severity and presentation of the disease; however, the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is an emerging global threat to the ability to treat these bacterial infections. This situation could be overcome by the discovery of new natural antibiotics. Plants have been a source of medicine for centuries and have been used to treat diseases including diarrhea. This makes plants a natural potential target to study for their antibiotic properties. The objective of this study was to determine the antibiotic properties of medicinal plants against known pathogens that cause bacterial diarrhea. Three medicinal plants, Cassia abbreviata, Kigelia africana, and Geranium incanum were investigated for their antimicrobial properties against these strains of microorganisms: American Type Culture Collection (ATTC) and Clinical Strains (CS). The plant materials were ground into powder, which was then dissolved in methanol, acetone and distilled water to extract the active compounds. The plant extracts were then used to (i) determine their antibiotic activity, (ii) determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs), (iii) analyze the thin layer chromatography (TLC) fingerprints, and (iv) analyze the autobiography assay. The results obtained in this study met the aim and objectives of this study. The antimicrobial activities of the selected plants were obtained as discussed in Chapter 2 and 3. These results indicated that the traditional plants could be used as antimicrobials. In the screening assays, the test microorganisms were inhibited by the plant extracts, when they were subjected to plant extracts. This was performed on Mueller Hinton agar as sensitivity testing, which revealed clear zones of inhibition. The MIC values for each plant extract were established which ranged from 0.101 to 13.3 mg/dl. The TLC analysis revealed the spots which contained the active compounds which inhibited the bacterial growth. A bioautography assay was performed on the TLC plates, which exposed the exact spots containing the active compound inhibiting the bacteria. These results are clearly consistent with what former scientists have observed. Detailed explanations on the results are in Chapter 3 and 4 of this paper. It is important to note that all the procedures performed in this study were in vitro assays. Some effective in vitro assay activity may not always result in the same effective in vivo activity, because some active compounds may be metabolized and degraded into inactive metabolites. For this reason, the in vitro results obtained in this study, may not reflect the true effectiveness of the compounds in in vivo trials. It is therefore advised that future scientists should take a step further in analyzing the plant extracts through in vivo assays. Further testing and study on these plants at an advanced molecular level will be beneficial in the medical fields in the search for new antibiotics to treat infectious diseases. Purification and further analysis of their products can be helpful in the production of pure natural medicines. This will discover the active ingredients and compounds responsible for inhibition of the microorganisms. This will make the compounds potential candidates for a scientific validation and analysis for future scientists to bring a new dawn in the fight against infectious diseases.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Nkosi, Themba Johan
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Anti-infective agents , Drug resistance in microorganisms , Materia medica, Vegetable
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10126 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020759
- Description: Diarrhea is a global concern that the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the World Health Organization (WHO), have confirmed to be the second major cause of death in children under the age of five. Major bacterial pathogens that cause diarrhea include Escherichia coli, Salmonella species, Shigella species and Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotic therapy is recommended depending on the severity and presentation of the disease; however, the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is an emerging global threat to the ability to treat these bacterial infections. This situation could be overcome by the discovery of new natural antibiotics. Plants have been a source of medicine for centuries and have been used to treat diseases including diarrhea. This makes plants a natural potential target to study for their antibiotic properties. The objective of this study was to determine the antibiotic properties of medicinal plants against known pathogens that cause bacterial diarrhea. Three medicinal plants, Cassia abbreviata, Kigelia africana, and Geranium incanum were investigated for their antimicrobial properties against these strains of microorganisms: American Type Culture Collection (ATTC) and Clinical Strains (CS). The plant materials were ground into powder, which was then dissolved in methanol, acetone and distilled water to extract the active compounds. The plant extracts were then used to (i) determine their antibiotic activity, (ii) determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs), (iii) analyze the thin layer chromatography (TLC) fingerprints, and (iv) analyze the autobiography assay. The results obtained in this study met the aim and objectives of this study. The antimicrobial activities of the selected plants were obtained as discussed in Chapter 2 and 3. These results indicated that the traditional plants could be used as antimicrobials. In the screening assays, the test microorganisms were inhibited by the plant extracts, when they were subjected to plant extracts. This was performed on Mueller Hinton agar as sensitivity testing, which revealed clear zones of inhibition. The MIC values for each plant extract were established which ranged from 0.101 to 13.3 mg/dl. The TLC analysis revealed the spots which contained the active compounds which inhibited the bacterial growth. A bioautography assay was performed on the TLC plates, which exposed the exact spots containing the active compound inhibiting the bacteria. These results are clearly consistent with what former scientists have observed. Detailed explanations on the results are in Chapter 3 and 4 of this paper. It is important to note that all the procedures performed in this study were in vitro assays. Some effective in vitro assay activity may not always result in the same effective in vivo activity, because some active compounds may be metabolized and degraded into inactive metabolites. For this reason, the in vitro results obtained in this study, may not reflect the true effectiveness of the compounds in in vivo trials. It is therefore advised that future scientists should take a step further in analyzing the plant extracts through in vivo assays. Further testing and study on these plants at an advanced molecular level will be beneficial in the medical fields in the search for new antibiotics to treat infectious diseases. Purification and further analysis of their products can be helpful in the production of pure natural medicines. This will discover the active ingredients and compounds responsible for inhibition of the microorganisms. This will make the compounds potential candidates for a scientific validation and analysis for future scientists to bring a new dawn in the fight against infectious diseases.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Analysis of restricted earth fault relay application within a shunt capacitor bank design impacting on protection stability
- Authors: Minkley, Warick
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Electric power systems -- Protection , Electric power transmission -- Equipment and supplies -- Protection
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9604 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021106
- Description: This research is aimed at analyzing the performance of the restricted earth fault relay used on a 400kV capacitor bank scheme used on the Eskom Transmission network. After the commissioning of two Capacitor Banks using the above mentioned scheme design the plant was energized. As a result of the energization the Shunt Capacitor Bank (SCB) then experienced spurious trips. The cause of the trips was found to be the operation of the restricted earth fault relay. In this research project, restricted earth fault protection on SCBs in the Eskom Transmission environment will be the area of interest. The proposed research will analyze the current SCB protection scheme in service specifically looking at the restricted earth fault circuit design and relay performance. An equivalent model of the SCB from primary plant perspective based on theory will be derived. Recording and analyzing of Comtrade transient waveforms respectively, when the bank is nergized, will be done in order to provide a reference base to work from. Manual alculations of various parameters from the derived model including transient inrush currents and fault currents will be performed to access applicable scheme parameters. Further calculations will include the voltage setting for the restricted earth fault relay. As a result of the analysis a recommendation will be made on a viable solution or a revised design will be put forward, based on the results, to improve the scheme’s performance. The protection scheme is used on the two 400kV 100MVAR capacitor banks 11 and 12 at Hydra Substation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Minkley, Warick
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Electric power systems -- Protection , Electric power transmission -- Equipment and supplies -- Protection
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9604 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021106
- Description: This research is aimed at analyzing the performance of the restricted earth fault relay used on a 400kV capacitor bank scheme used on the Eskom Transmission network. After the commissioning of two Capacitor Banks using the above mentioned scheme design the plant was energized. As a result of the energization the Shunt Capacitor Bank (SCB) then experienced spurious trips. The cause of the trips was found to be the operation of the restricted earth fault relay. In this research project, restricted earth fault protection on SCBs in the Eskom Transmission environment will be the area of interest. The proposed research will analyze the current SCB protection scheme in service specifically looking at the restricted earth fault circuit design and relay performance. An equivalent model of the SCB from primary plant perspective based on theory will be derived. Recording and analyzing of Comtrade transient waveforms respectively, when the bank is nergized, will be done in order to provide a reference base to work from. Manual alculations of various parameters from the derived model including transient inrush currents and fault currents will be performed to access applicable scheme parameters. Further calculations will include the voltage setting for the restricted earth fault relay. As a result of the analysis a recommendation will be made on a viable solution or a revised design will be put forward, based on the results, to improve the scheme’s performance. The protection scheme is used on the two 400kV 100MVAR capacitor banks 11 and 12 at Hydra Substation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Guidelines for the use of the Indie approach in game development projects in the context of a capstone experience
- Authors: Marais, Craig
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Computer games -- Design , Computer games -- Programming
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9824
- Description: This research addresses the challenges associated with the supervision of game development projects as part of a capstone experience. The context of this research is the capstone experience as undertaken by third year software development students who have chosen to develop a game for their project at the School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) at the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU). This research begins by determining the curricular requirements with respect to the capstone experience for Information Technology (IT) qualifications. This is done by investigating the applicable documentation at the international, national and departmental levels. The position of game development as a sub-category of software development is established and the Indie paradigm is investigated as a further sub-category of game development. Furthermore, the Indie paradigm is investigated through in-depth analyses of the techniques used in the development of ten Indie games. This investigation serves to identify the commonly used techniques in the Indie paradigm. The research presents a case study of the game development projects at the School of ICT at the NMMU for the period from 2009 to 2013. This case study combined with the techniques identifed from the Indie paradigm forms the basis of the guidelines presented by this research. The guidelines are subject to a review by an industry expert. The review takes the form of an expert interview, which serves to verify the guidelines. This research concludes by demonstrating alignment with the objectives it set out to achieve and motivating the success of the research conducted.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Marais, Craig
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Computer games -- Design , Computer games -- Programming
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9824
- Description: This research addresses the challenges associated with the supervision of game development projects as part of a capstone experience. The context of this research is the capstone experience as undertaken by third year software development students who have chosen to develop a game for their project at the School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) at the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU). This research begins by determining the curricular requirements with respect to the capstone experience for Information Technology (IT) qualifications. This is done by investigating the applicable documentation at the international, national and departmental levels. The position of game development as a sub-category of software development is established and the Indie paradigm is investigated as a further sub-category of game development. Furthermore, the Indie paradigm is investigated through in-depth analyses of the techniques used in the development of ten Indie games. This investigation serves to identify the commonly used techniques in the Indie paradigm. The research presents a case study of the game development projects at the School of ICT at the NMMU for the period from 2009 to 2013. This case study combined with the techniques identifed from the Indie paradigm forms the basis of the guidelines presented by this research. The guidelines are subject to a review by an industry expert. The review takes the form of an expert interview, which serves to verify the guidelines. This research concludes by demonstrating alignment with the objectives it set out to achieve and motivating the success of the research conducted.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013