A sociological analysis of the production, marketing and distribution of contemporary popular music by Zambian musicians
- Authors: Kazadi, Kanyabu Solomon
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Popular music -- Zambia , Musicians -- Zambia , Sound recording industry -- Zambia , Popular music -- Production and direction -- Zambia , Popular music -- Marketing , Intellectual property -- Zambia , Copyright -- Royalties -- Zambia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3404 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018933
- Description: The purpose of this research was to gather information about the production, marketing and distribution of Zambian contemporary music by Zambian musicians. Very little information has been documented about the development of the Zambian music industry, particularly from the perspective of those within the industry. As a result this study attempted to add to this knowledge. To achieve this Pierre Bourdieu’s theoretical concepts of ‘fields’ and ‘habitus’ were used to gain an understanding of what affects the creation of art forms such as music as well as the structures and underlying processes within the music industry. The concept of ‘fields’ usefully framed an explanation of the struggles and connections within the various fields in the industry and a view of the Zambian music industry in relation to the international industry. To gather the data necessary for this research a qualitative approach was utilised involving semistructured in-depth questionnaires from twenty-three interviewees. These interviewees were selected from various sectors of the music industry in an attempt to gain a holistic perspective of the industry in the 21st century. There were four subgroups: the artists (singers, rappers and instrumentalists), managers, radio DJs, and a miscellaneous group made up of the remaining participants, a Sounds Arcade manager, a music journalist, the National Arts Council Chairperson, a Zambia Music Copyright Protection Society (ZAMCOPS) administrator, and the then President of the Zambia Association of Musicians (ZAM). With the limited exposure to formal musical, instrumental and production training, musicians, instrumentalists, managers and studio production personnel interviewed had had to learn their craft on-the-job. This limited knowledge appears to add to the hindrance of the development of careers and the industry, particularly in terms of how to register and distribute music correctly to earn royalties and protect their intellectual property against piracy. From an institutional level piracy is being addressed more forcefully with the introduction of holograms and the tightening of policies and structures to do with the music industry.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Kazadi, Kanyabu Solomon
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Popular music -- Zambia , Musicians -- Zambia , Sound recording industry -- Zambia , Popular music -- Production and direction -- Zambia , Popular music -- Marketing , Intellectual property -- Zambia , Copyright -- Royalties -- Zambia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3404 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018933
- Description: The purpose of this research was to gather information about the production, marketing and distribution of Zambian contemporary music by Zambian musicians. Very little information has been documented about the development of the Zambian music industry, particularly from the perspective of those within the industry. As a result this study attempted to add to this knowledge. To achieve this Pierre Bourdieu’s theoretical concepts of ‘fields’ and ‘habitus’ were used to gain an understanding of what affects the creation of art forms such as music as well as the structures and underlying processes within the music industry. The concept of ‘fields’ usefully framed an explanation of the struggles and connections within the various fields in the industry and a view of the Zambian music industry in relation to the international industry. To gather the data necessary for this research a qualitative approach was utilised involving semistructured in-depth questionnaires from twenty-three interviewees. These interviewees were selected from various sectors of the music industry in an attempt to gain a holistic perspective of the industry in the 21st century. There were four subgroups: the artists (singers, rappers and instrumentalists), managers, radio DJs, and a miscellaneous group made up of the remaining participants, a Sounds Arcade manager, a music journalist, the National Arts Council Chairperson, a Zambia Music Copyright Protection Society (ZAMCOPS) administrator, and the then President of the Zambia Association of Musicians (ZAM). With the limited exposure to formal musical, instrumental and production training, musicians, instrumentalists, managers and studio production personnel interviewed had had to learn their craft on-the-job. This limited knowledge appears to add to the hindrance of the development of careers and the industry, particularly in terms of how to register and distribute music correctly to earn royalties and protect their intellectual property against piracy. From an institutional level piracy is being addressed more forcefully with the introduction of holograms and the tightening of policies and structures to do with the music industry.
- Full Text:
A study of barred preferential arrangements with applications to numerical approximation in electric circuits
- Authors: Nkonkobe, Sithembele
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Electric circuits , Numerical calculations , Sequences (Mathematics)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5433 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020394
- Description: In 1854 Cayley proposed an interesting sequence 1,1,3,13,75,541,... in connection with analytical forms called trees. Since then there has been various combinatorial interpretations of the sequence. The sequence has been interpreted as the number of preferential arrangements of members of a set with n elements. Alternatively the sequence has been interpreted as the number of ordered partitions; the outcomes in races in which ties are allowed or geometrically the number of vertices, edges and faces of simplicial objects. An interesting application of the sequence is found in combination locks. The idea of a preferential arrangement has been extended to a wider combinatorial object called barred preferential arrangement with multiple bars. In this thesis we study barred preferential arrangements combinatorially with application to resistance of certain electrical circuits. In the process we derive some results on cyclic properties of the last digit of the number of barred preferential arrangements. An algorithm in python has been developed to find the number of barred preferential arrangements.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Nkonkobe, Sithembele
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Electric circuits , Numerical calculations , Sequences (Mathematics)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5433 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020394
- Description: In 1854 Cayley proposed an interesting sequence 1,1,3,13,75,541,... in connection with analytical forms called trees. Since then there has been various combinatorial interpretations of the sequence. The sequence has been interpreted as the number of preferential arrangements of members of a set with n elements. Alternatively the sequence has been interpreted as the number of ordered partitions; the outcomes in races in which ties are allowed or geometrically the number of vertices, edges and faces of simplicial objects. An interesting application of the sequence is found in combination locks. The idea of a preferential arrangement has been extended to a wider combinatorial object called barred preferential arrangement with multiple bars. In this thesis we study barred preferential arrangements combinatorially with application to resistance of certain electrical circuits. In the process we derive some results on cyclic properties of the last digit of the number of barred preferential arrangements. An algorithm in python has been developed to find the number of barred preferential arrangements.
- Full Text:
A water footprint assessment of primary citrus production in the Lower Sundays River Valley Citrus Farms, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Munro, Samantha Alanna
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Water efficiency -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Evaluation , Water consumption -- Environmental aspects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Citrus -- Water requirements -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:1120 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017558
- Description: With the current implementation of the South African National Water Act (NWA) underway, comprehensive tools to assist in the efficient, fair and sustainable management of water resources are needed. Water footprints (WFs) are increasingly being recognised as a meaningful way to represent human appropriation of water resources and provide a framework for assessing the sustainability of water use. The study calculated blue, green and grey WFs for the lower Sundays River Valley (LSRV) citrus sector across dry, humid and long-term average climates for a number of cultivars. The sustainability of both the LSRV and the production process of citrus were examined through the adoption of a number of environmental, social and economic indicators. The study revealed that there was no water scarcity in the area because of an inter-basin transfer and that water pollution levels attributed to citrus production required a more comprehensive indicator than the grey WF. Results showed that navels, despite being the dominant cultivar, had the highest WF and the lowest water productivity and technical efficiency. It also provided lower benefits of income and employment in terms of water use in comparison to other cultivars. Conversely, cultivars such as lemons, which required a greater amount of water and fertiliser, were the most productive cultivar with the lowest blue, green and grey WF. The study demonstrated the complexity of decisions regarding water management and the need to assess accurately the environmental, social and economic implications of strategies to increase efficiency of water. The importance of incorporating local data and verifying WFs was also illustrated. The analysis highlighted that WF assessments could be useful for the South African government and agricultural sectors to assist in future water management decisions and promote increased collaboration between stakeholders. The study found that the adoption of local benchmarks could be useful in aiding the promotion of more efficient water use and could factor in sensitive economic and social attributes. WFs in conjunction with other economic and social indicators could also be used to evaluate the sustainability of current and future allocations pertaining to the implementation of the NWA. It was however noted that this requires vast amounts of accurate data.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Munro, Samantha Alanna
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Water efficiency -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Evaluation , Water consumption -- Environmental aspects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Citrus -- Water requirements -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:1120 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017558
- Description: With the current implementation of the South African National Water Act (NWA) underway, comprehensive tools to assist in the efficient, fair and sustainable management of water resources are needed. Water footprints (WFs) are increasingly being recognised as a meaningful way to represent human appropriation of water resources and provide a framework for assessing the sustainability of water use. The study calculated blue, green and grey WFs for the lower Sundays River Valley (LSRV) citrus sector across dry, humid and long-term average climates for a number of cultivars. The sustainability of both the LSRV and the production process of citrus were examined through the adoption of a number of environmental, social and economic indicators. The study revealed that there was no water scarcity in the area because of an inter-basin transfer and that water pollution levels attributed to citrus production required a more comprehensive indicator than the grey WF. Results showed that navels, despite being the dominant cultivar, had the highest WF and the lowest water productivity and technical efficiency. It also provided lower benefits of income and employment in terms of water use in comparison to other cultivars. Conversely, cultivars such as lemons, which required a greater amount of water and fertiliser, were the most productive cultivar with the lowest blue, green and grey WF. The study demonstrated the complexity of decisions regarding water management and the need to assess accurately the environmental, social and economic implications of strategies to increase efficiency of water. The importance of incorporating local data and verifying WFs was also illustrated. The analysis highlighted that WF assessments could be useful for the South African government and agricultural sectors to assist in future water management decisions and promote increased collaboration between stakeholders. The study found that the adoption of local benchmarks could be useful in aiding the promotion of more efficient water use and could factor in sensitive economic and social attributes. WFs in conjunction with other economic and social indicators could also be used to evaluate the sustainability of current and future allocations pertaining to the implementation of the NWA. It was however noted that this requires vast amounts of accurate data.
- Full Text:
Absenting absence: Expanding zones of proximal development in environmental learning processes
- Authors: Lotz-Sisitka, Heila
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/436939 , vital:73318 , ISBN 9781315660899 , https://www.routledge.com/Critical-Realism-Environmental-Learning-and-Social-Ecological-Change/Price-Lotz-Sistka/p/book/9780367597689
- Description: In this chapter I demonstrate that indigenous knowledge practice is com mensurate with critical realist scientific practice. Critical realism under labours for Western scien-tific knowledge, helping to bring its practice in line with its theory. In this paper I similarly underlabour for indigenous knowledge. I use examples from the Eastern Coast of Tan-zania to suggest that the kind of knowledge that is gener-ated through indigenous pro cesses is based on retroduc-tive and retrodictive reasoning (as well as induc tive and deductive reasoning) and is thus grounded in the theory development principles of DREI(C)/RRREI(C) which, ac-cording to Bhaskar (1993), is the basis for all scientific knowledge. The chapter therefore creates a basis for indi-viduals, groups, organiza tions, and institutions that are involved in the field of environment and sustainability edu-cation and have an indigenous knowledge component, to use the DREI(C)/RRREI(C) for learning and research pur-poses. In this way, they can assume the commensurablity of both Western scientific knowledge and indigenous knowledge. This work substantiates the signifi cance of indigenous knowledge as science in its own right, which pursues specified scientific principles and procedures to inform practice or praxis in the coastal learning environ-ment in a manner that may enhance social learning. There already exists a body of literature that regards indigenous knowledge as ‘local science’ (Sillitoe, 2007). However, I hope to expand this view by more closely aligning this ‘lo-cal science’ with the same prac tices used by science in general, where this science is defined according to critical realist principles.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Lotz-Sisitka, Heila
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/436939 , vital:73318 , ISBN 9781315660899 , https://www.routledge.com/Critical-Realism-Environmental-Learning-and-Social-Ecological-Change/Price-Lotz-Sistka/p/book/9780367597689
- Description: In this chapter I demonstrate that indigenous knowledge practice is com mensurate with critical realist scientific practice. Critical realism under labours for Western scien-tific knowledge, helping to bring its practice in line with its theory. In this paper I similarly underlabour for indigenous knowledge. I use examples from the Eastern Coast of Tan-zania to suggest that the kind of knowledge that is gener-ated through indigenous pro cesses is based on retroduc-tive and retrodictive reasoning (as well as induc tive and deductive reasoning) and is thus grounded in the theory development principles of DREI(C)/RRREI(C) which, ac-cording to Bhaskar (1993), is the basis for all scientific knowledge. The chapter therefore creates a basis for indi-viduals, groups, organiza tions, and institutions that are involved in the field of environment and sustainability edu-cation and have an indigenous knowledge component, to use the DREI(C)/RRREI(C) for learning and research pur-poses. In this way, they can assume the commensurablity of both Western scientific knowledge and indigenous knowledge. This work substantiates the signifi cance of indigenous knowledge as science in its own right, which pursues specified scientific principles and procedures to inform practice or praxis in the coastal learning environ-ment in a manner that may enhance social learning. There already exists a body of literature that regards indigenous knowledge as ‘local science’ (Sillitoe, 2007). However, I hope to expand this view by more closely aligning this ‘lo-cal science’ with the same prac tices used by science in general, where this science is defined according to critical realist principles.
- Full Text:
Absenting the absence of parallel learning pathways for intermediate skills: The ‘missing middle' in the environmental sector in South Africa
- Authors: Ramsarup, Presha
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/436964 , vital:73320 , ISBN 9781315660899 , https://www.routledge.com/Critical-Realism-Environmental-Learning-and-Social-Ecological-Change/Price-Lotz-Sistka/p/book/9780367597689
- Description: Environment and sustainable development are recognized for: their significance for the future of South Africa’s well-being; their complex, transversal nature; and their associated ‘new-ness’ within South African education and training systems. In a sector with relatively new occupations without clear learning pathways into jobs and where occupational contexts are rapid-ly changing with evolving skill needs, the chapter explores a critical realist dialectical view of learning pathways across sys-tems of work and learning. It highlights the need to develop more sophisticated understandings of learning pathways, and the way in which work, education and training systems inter-face to support the transitions needed for particular forms of work and learning. The chapter also explores how critical real-ist dialectics can help to explain more fully the absence of in-termediate pathways in the environment and sustainable de-velopment ‘sector’ in South Africa. It highlights the absences within the post-school provisioning system and through this analysis raises the patterns of emergence that characterize environmental learning pathways. This then advances an edu-cational critique that assists in the development of deeper knowledge of the object of the study (elements constituting learning pathways) in order to understand possibilities for change and to present opportunities for creating more seam-less environmental learning pathways into green jobs, enhanc-ing social justice potential and public good concerns.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Ramsarup, Presha
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/436964 , vital:73320 , ISBN 9781315660899 , https://www.routledge.com/Critical-Realism-Environmental-Learning-and-Social-Ecological-Change/Price-Lotz-Sistka/p/book/9780367597689
- Description: Environment and sustainable development are recognized for: their significance for the future of South Africa’s well-being; their complex, transversal nature; and their associated ‘new-ness’ within South African education and training systems. In a sector with relatively new occupations without clear learning pathways into jobs and where occupational contexts are rapid-ly changing with evolving skill needs, the chapter explores a critical realist dialectical view of learning pathways across sys-tems of work and learning. It highlights the need to develop more sophisticated understandings of learning pathways, and the way in which work, education and training systems inter-face to support the transitions needed for particular forms of work and learning. The chapter also explores how critical real-ist dialectics can help to explain more fully the absence of in-termediate pathways in the environment and sustainable de-velopment ‘sector’ in South Africa. It highlights the absences within the post-school provisioning system and through this analysis raises the patterns of emergence that characterize environmental learning pathways. This then advances an edu-cational critique that assists in the development of deeper knowledge of the object of the study (elements constituting learning pathways) in order to understand possibilities for change and to present opportunities for creating more seam-less environmental learning pathways into green jobs, enhanc-ing social justice potential and public good concerns.
- Full Text:
Accommodation and job assignment for impaired workers:
- Authors: Pearson, Jessie
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/143661 , vital:38271 , https://ischp.files.wordpress.com/2015/08/ischp_2015_abstract_booklet.pdf
- Description: Some compensation systems do not encourage permanently restricted workers disabled due to work-related injuries, to return to work. However, appropriate job placement of impaired workers has been shown to result in feelings of independence, usefulness and responsibility, as well as financial security. Physically impaired employees in many workplaces have experienced job discrimination because colleagues and supervisors assume that their work performance will be affected by physical limitations resulting from their disability. This theoretical paper discusses the possibilities of assigning workers to appropriate jobs based on their specific capabilities and limitations. The option of providing certain job accommodations in the form of workplace restructuring is also discussed.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Pearson, Jessie
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/143661 , vital:38271 , https://ischp.files.wordpress.com/2015/08/ischp_2015_abstract_booklet.pdf
- Description: Some compensation systems do not encourage permanently restricted workers disabled due to work-related injuries, to return to work. However, appropriate job placement of impaired workers has been shown to result in feelings of independence, usefulness and responsibility, as well as financial security. Physically impaired employees in many workplaces have experienced job discrimination because colleagues and supervisors assume that their work performance will be affected by physical limitations resulting from their disability. This theoretical paper discusses the possibilities of assigning workers to appropriate jobs based on their specific capabilities and limitations. The option of providing certain job accommodations in the form of workplace restructuring is also discussed.
- Full Text:
Adaptive realities : effects of merging physical and virtual entities
- Authors: Fletcher, Lauren Jean
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Virtual reality in art , Reality in art , Art, Modern -- 21st century , Art, Modern -- 21st century -- Themes, motives , Perception
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: vital:2509 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018557
- Description: In the worlds of virtual reality, whole objects and bodies are created in an immaterial manner from lines, ratios and light pixels. When objects are created in this form they can easily be manipulated, edited, multiplied and deleted. In addition, technological advances in virtual reality development result in an increased merging of physical and virtual elements, creating spaces of mixed reality. This leads to interesting consequences where the physical environment and body, in a similar vein to the virtual, also becomes increasingly easier to manipulate, distort and change. Mixed realities thus enhance possibilities of a world of constantly changing landscapes and adjustable, interchangeable bodies. The notions of virtual and real coincide within this thesis, reflecting on a new version of reality that is overlapped and ever-present in its mixing of virtual and physical. These concepts are explored within my exhibition Immaterial - a creation of simulated nature encompassing a mix of natural and artificial, tangible and intangible. Within the exhibition space, I have created a scene of mixed reality, by merging elements of both a virtual and physical forest. This generates a magical space of new experiences that comes to life through the manipulated, edited, morphed and re-awakened bodies of trees.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Fletcher, Lauren Jean
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Virtual reality in art , Reality in art , Art, Modern -- 21st century , Art, Modern -- 21st century -- Themes, motives , Perception
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: vital:2509 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018557
- Description: In the worlds of virtual reality, whole objects and bodies are created in an immaterial manner from lines, ratios and light pixels. When objects are created in this form they can easily be manipulated, edited, multiplied and deleted. In addition, technological advances in virtual reality development result in an increased merging of physical and virtual elements, creating spaces of mixed reality. This leads to interesting consequences where the physical environment and body, in a similar vein to the virtual, also becomes increasingly easier to manipulate, distort and change. Mixed realities thus enhance possibilities of a world of constantly changing landscapes and adjustable, interchangeable bodies. The notions of virtual and real coincide within this thesis, reflecting on a new version of reality that is overlapped and ever-present in its mixing of virtual and physical. These concepts are explored within my exhibition Immaterial - a creation of simulated nature encompassing a mix of natural and artificial, tangible and intangible. Within the exhibition space, I have created a scene of mixed reality, by merging elements of both a virtual and physical forest. This generates a magical space of new experiences that comes to life through the manipulated, edited, morphed and re-awakened bodies of trees.
- Full Text:
Addressing local level food insecurity amongst small-holder communities in transition
- Shackleton, Charlie M, Hamer, Nicholas G, Swallow, Brent M, Ncube, K
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M , Hamer, Nicholas G , Swallow, Brent M , Ncube, K
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Food security -- South Africa Economic development -- South Africa Rural development -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/50090 , vital:25958
- Description: Food insecurity affects as significant proportion of the world's population and hence it typically receives priority attention in global policies associated with poverty, equity and sustainable development. For example, it is the first of the Millennium Development Goals and the second of their successor, the Sustainable Development Goals. Access to sufficient and nutritious food is deemed a basic human right. The latest FAO analysis of the “State of Food Insecurity in the World 2014” reports that 805 million people (approximately 11-12% of the world's population) are chronically undernourished (i.e. do not have sufficient energy intake over a period of at least one year). In sub-Saharan Africa the prevalence remains stubbornly high at 24%, the highest in the world. Whilst most interpret food insecurity to mean an insufficient quantity of food (as measured by the number of calories consumed), the widely accepted FAO definition considers four dimensions of food security, namely quantity, quality or diversity, access and use. Provision of enough calories on a daily basis is not sufficient if the diet lacks diversity and appropriate balance to provide the full range of minerals and vitamins necessary for proper health, or if the food available is culturally unacceptable. Thus, there is a pressing need for more nuanced analyses of food security against all four of the dimensions embedded in the concept. Additionally, it is important that these be measured at more local or regional levels because national statistics can mask alarming regional discrepancies in food security, or amongst particular sectors of society, such as recent migrants, refugees, female- or child-headed households, those vulnerable to HIV/AIDS or the landless, to mention just a few. For example, at a national level South Africa is considered a food secure nation with respect to staple requirements, and access to sufficient food is enshrined in the Constitution (Section 27, subsection 1b), but nationally one in twenty (i.e. approx. 2.5 million people) go to bed hungry most nights, and 23% of children below the age of 15 are physically stunted, severely stunted or wasted, due to the long-term ill effects of insufficient food or of inadequate diversity and quality. At a subnational level, there are marked differences between rural and urban populations and even between geographic areas (for example, the prevalence of stunting amongst boys less than 15 years old is 23% in the Eastern Cape, compared to 12% in Gauteng). Once again, despite being a food secure nation, nationally 40% of the population have a dietary diversity score of four or less, which is a cut-off point signifying poor dietary diversity which makes people more vulnerable to malnutrition and ill health, and in Limpopo and Northwest provinces it is as high as 66% and 61%, respectively.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M , Hamer, Nicholas G , Swallow, Brent M , Ncube, K
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Food security -- South Africa Economic development -- South Africa Rural development -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/50090 , vital:25958
- Description: Food insecurity affects as significant proportion of the world's population and hence it typically receives priority attention in global policies associated with poverty, equity and sustainable development. For example, it is the first of the Millennium Development Goals and the second of their successor, the Sustainable Development Goals. Access to sufficient and nutritious food is deemed a basic human right. The latest FAO analysis of the “State of Food Insecurity in the World 2014” reports that 805 million people (approximately 11-12% of the world's population) are chronically undernourished (i.e. do not have sufficient energy intake over a period of at least one year). In sub-Saharan Africa the prevalence remains stubbornly high at 24%, the highest in the world. Whilst most interpret food insecurity to mean an insufficient quantity of food (as measured by the number of calories consumed), the widely accepted FAO definition considers four dimensions of food security, namely quantity, quality or diversity, access and use. Provision of enough calories on a daily basis is not sufficient if the diet lacks diversity and appropriate balance to provide the full range of minerals and vitamins necessary for proper health, or if the food available is culturally unacceptable. Thus, there is a pressing need for more nuanced analyses of food security against all four of the dimensions embedded in the concept. Additionally, it is important that these be measured at more local or regional levels because national statistics can mask alarming regional discrepancies in food security, or amongst particular sectors of society, such as recent migrants, refugees, female- or child-headed households, those vulnerable to HIV/AIDS or the landless, to mention just a few. For example, at a national level South Africa is considered a food secure nation with respect to staple requirements, and access to sufficient food is enshrined in the Constitution (Section 27, subsection 1b), but nationally one in twenty (i.e. approx. 2.5 million people) go to bed hungry most nights, and 23% of children below the age of 15 are physically stunted, severely stunted or wasted, due to the long-term ill effects of insufficient food or of inadequate diversity and quality. At a subnational level, there are marked differences between rural and urban populations and even between geographic areas (for example, the prevalence of stunting amongst boys less than 15 years old is 23% in the Eastern Cape, compared to 12% in Gauteng). Once again, despite being a food secure nation, nationally 40% of the population have a dietary diversity score of four or less, which is a cut-off point signifying poor dietary diversity which makes people more vulnerable to malnutrition and ill health, and in Limpopo and Northwest provinces it is as high as 66% and 61%, respectively.
- Full Text:
Africa in global International relations: emerging approaches to theory and practice: an introduction
- Bischoff, Paul, 1954-, Aning, Kwesi, Acharya, Amitav
- Authors: Bischoff, Paul, 1954- , Aning, Kwesi , Acharya, Amitav
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/161662 , vital:40651 , ISBN 9781317437536
- Description: This book investigates why Africa has been marginalised in IR discipline and theory and how this issue can be addressed in the context of the emerging Global IR paradigm. To have relevance for Africa, a new IR theory needs to be more inclusive, intellectually negotiated and holistically steeped in the African context. In this innovative volume, each author takes a critical look at existing IR paradigms and offers a unique perspective based on the African experience. Following on from Amitav Acharya and Barry Buzan’s work, Non-Western International Relations Theory, it develops and advances non-Western IR theory and the idea of Global IR.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Bischoff, Paul, 1954- , Aning, Kwesi , Acharya, Amitav
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/161662 , vital:40651 , ISBN 9781317437536
- Description: This book investigates why Africa has been marginalised in IR discipline and theory and how this issue can be addressed in the context of the emerging Global IR paradigm. To have relevance for Africa, a new IR theory needs to be more inclusive, intellectually negotiated and holistically steeped in the African context. In this innovative volume, each author takes a critical look at existing IR paradigms and offers a unique perspective based on the African experience. Following on from Amitav Acharya and Barry Buzan’s work, Non-Western International Relations Theory, it develops and advances non-Western IR theory and the idea of Global IR.
- Full Text:
Agathis bishopi (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) as a potential tool for detecting oranges infested with Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
- Zimba, Kennedy J, Hill, Martin P, Moore, Sean D, Heshula, Unathi
- Authors: Zimba, Kennedy J , Hill, Martin P , Moore, Sean D , Heshula, Unathi
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/423955 , vital:72108 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10905-015-9526-0"
- Description: In South Africa, Thaumatotibia leucotreta is a key pest of citrus impacting its production and trade. Detection of newly infested fruit by visual inspection is challenging and poses a risk of packing infested with healthy fruit for export. Agathis bishopi is a larval endoparasitoid of T. leucotreta, attacking early larval instars. Understanding how A. bishopi parasitoids locate fruit infested with their host is of interest for developing an efficient detector for T. leucotreta infested fruit. The response of female adult A. bishopi parasitoids to olfactory and visual cues associated with T. leucotreta infested fruit were evaluated using a Y-tube olfactometer and flight tunnel. Agathis bishopi parasitoids were strongly attracted to infested fruit over healthy fruit, either when only olfactory or combinations of visual and olfactory cues were offered. Among the four synthetic compounds tested, D-limonene and ocimene elicited a strong attraction to parasitoids with response rates of 92 % and 72 % respectively. A blend of four synthetic compounds simulating T. leucotreta infested fruit odour equally elicited strong attraction to parasitoids (84 % response rate). Attraction of parasitoids to infested fruit cues was heightened by prior experience, suggesting the occurrence of associative learning. Results from this study indicate that A. bishopi parasitoids mainly rely on olfactory cues in host habitat location and that D-limonene and ocimene are the major attractants in infested fruit volatiles. These findings and the potential for manipulating A. bishopi for detection of infested fruit in the packhouse are discussed.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Zimba, Kennedy J , Hill, Martin P , Moore, Sean D , Heshula, Unathi
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/423955 , vital:72108 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10905-015-9526-0"
- Description: In South Africa, Thaumatotibia leucotreta is a key pest of citrus impacting its production and trade. Detection of newly infested fruit by visual inspection is challenging and poses a risk of packing infested with healthy fruit for export. Agathis bishopi is a larval endoparasitoid of T. leucotreta, attacking early larval instars. Understanding how A. bishopi parasitoids locate fruit infested with their host is of interest for developing an efficient detector for T. leucotreta infested fruit. The response of female adult A. bishopi parasitoids to olfactory and visual cues associated with T. leucotreta infested fruit were evaluated using a Y-tube olfactometer and flight tunnel. Agathis bishopi parasitoids were strongly attracted to infested fruit over healthy fruit, either when only olfactory or combinations of visual and olfactory cues were offered. Among the four synthetic compounds tested, D-limonene and ocimene elicited a strong attraction to parasitoids with response rates of 92 % and 72 % respectively. A blend of four synthetic compounds simulating T. leucotreta infested fruit odour equally elicited strong attraction to parasitoids (84 % response rate). Attraction of parasitoids to infested fruit cues was heightened by prior experience, suggesting the occurrence of associative learning. Results from this study indicate that A. bishopi parasitoids mainly rely on olfactory cues in host habitat location and that D-limonene and ocimene are the major attractants in infested fruit volatiles. These findings and the potential for manipulating A. bishopi for detection of infested fruit in the packhouse are discussed.
- Full Text:
Agathis bishopi, a larval parasitoid of false codling moth Thaumatotibia leucotreta: laboratory rearing and effect of adult food on parasitism and longevity
- Zimba, Kennedy J, Moore, Sean D, Heshula, Lelethu U P, Hill, Martin P
- Authors: Zimba, Kennedy J , Moore, Sean D , Heshula, Lelethu U P , Hill, Martin P
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/406985 , vital:70328 , xlink:href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC185849"
- Description: Agathis bishopi (Nixon) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a koinobiont larval endoparasitoid of false codling moth (FCM), Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a pest of economic importance on citrus in South Africa. In the field Agathis bishopi was found to parasitise up to 34 % of FCM larvae in fruit, reflecting reasonable biocontrol potential. Improving the rearing of A. bishopi would therefore complement the existing biocontrol strategies for FCM. In several parasitic wasps, sugar concentration and feeding duration has been shown to influence parasitism and longevity. However, their effect on parasitism and longevity of A. bishopi is unknown. In the present study a rearing protocol for A. bishopi is described, including evaluation of the effects of honey concentration on parasitoid longevity. On average, 18.2%of FCM larvae in rearing containers were parasitised under the rearing protocol described. Cotton wool, instead of paper towelling, as honey carrier for feeding parasitoids in rearing containers significantly increased parasitism and yield of offspring. Furthermore, longevity significantly increased with higher concentrations of honey. Maximum lifespan duration for male and female parasitoids was achieved when parasitoids were fed on 36 % (w/v) honey. Results from this study indicate that A. bishopi requires a sufficient concentration of sugar, coupled with frequent and prolonged feeding on a cotton wool substrate, in order to achieve maximum parasitism and longevity. Such information provides a basis for optimising mass-rearing and longevity of A. bishopi and parasitism of FCM in orchards.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Zimba, Kennedy J , Moore, Sean D , Heshula, Lelethu U P , Hill, Martin P
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/406985 , vital:70328 , xlink:href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC185849"
- Description: Agathis bishopi (Nixon) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a koinobiont larval endoparasitoid of false codling moth (FCM), Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a pest of economic importance on citrus in South Africa. In the field Agathis bishopi was found to parasitise up to 34 % of FCM larvae in fruit, reflecting reasonable biocontrol potential. Improving the rearing of A. bishopi would therefore complement the existing biocontrol strategies for FCM. In several parasitic wasps, sugar concentration and feeding duration has been shown to influence parasitism and longevity. However, their effect on parasitism and longevity of A. bishopi is unknown. In the present study a rearing protocol for A. bishopi is described, including evaluation of the effects of honey concentration on parasitoid longevity. On average, 18.2%of FCM larvae in rearing containers were parasitised under the rearing protocol described. Cotton wool, instead of paper towelling, as honey carrier for feeding parasitoids in rearing containers significantly increased parasitism and yield of offspring. Furthermore, longevity significantly increased with higher concentrations of honey. Maximum lifespan duration for male and female parasitoids was achieved when parasitoids were fed on 36 % (w/v) honey. Results from this study indicate that A. bishopi requires a sufficient concentration of sugar, coupled with frequent and prolonged feeding on a cotton wool substrate, in order to achieve maximum parasitism and longevity. Such information provides a basis for optimising mass-rearing and longevity of A. bishopi and parasitism of FCM in orchards.
- Full Text:
Alexandra Fuller of Southern Africa: a white woman writer goes west
- Garman, Anthea, Rennie, Gillian
- Authors: Garman, Anthea , Rennie, Gillian
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/159924 , vital:40356 , https://ialjs.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/134-147-LJS_v7n1.pdf
- Description: In terms of nationality, Alexandra Fuller is difficult to pigeonhole. She was born in England but from age two was brought up in Southern Africa (mostly Rhodesia). She married an American working in Zambia and then moved to Wyoming to raise a family. She has written three books about her family, their peripatetic life, and the violence of decolonizing Africa. The success of these works has made her one of the few African female nonfction writers to gain an international audience. Fuller’s longform journalism has been published in Granta and the Guardian in the United Kingdom, and in the New Yorker, Harper’s, National Geographic, Byliner, and Vogue in the United States. This paper traces the arc of a writer transcending her continent to break into the competitive American magazine market, portraying the complex land from which she has come for a foreign audience.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Garman, Anthea , Rennie, Gillian
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/159924 , vital:40356 , https://ialjs.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/134-147-LJS_v7n1.pdf
- Description: In terms of nationality, Alexandra Fuller is difficult to pigeonhole. She was born in England but from age two was brought up in Southern Africa (mostly Rhodesia). She married an American working in Zambia and then moved to Wyoming to raise a family. She has written three books about her family, their peripatetic life, and the violence of decolonizing Africa. The success of these works has made her one of the few African female nonfction writers to gain an international audience. Fuller’s longform journalism has been published in Granta and the Guardian in the United Kingdom, and in the New Yorker, Harper’s, National Geographic, Byliner, and Vogue in the United States. This paper traces the arc of a writer transcending her continent to break into the competitive American magazine market, portraying the complex land from which she has come for a foreign audience.
- Full Text:
All about the abs: discourse of health in the negotiation of masculine body-image
- Authors: Plüg, Simóne
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/143793 , vital:38283 , https://ischp.files.wordpress.com/2015/08/ischp_2015_abstract_booklet.pdf
- Description: This paper explores contemporary South African masculinities and how aspects of consumer culture interweave the self and body-image where “the prime purpose of the maintenance of the inner body becomes the enhancement of the appearance of the outer body” (Featherstone, 1991, p. 171). It details a study of young men in Durban, using a qualitative research design and a social constructionist theoretical framework to explore the discourses participants use when discussing their own and other male bodies. It highlights the ways in which consumerism, the media, and other social dynamics promote and silence different discourses around what constitutes a desirable man in 21st century South Africa. The paper presents a detailed exploration of the ‘healthy body’ discourse, discussing how it shaped men’s engagement in self-sculpting practices and provided a means by which the participants came to understand and manage their gendered identities.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Plüg, Simóne
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/143793 , vital:38283 , https://ischp.files.wordpress.com/2015/08/ischp_2015_abstract_booklet.pdf
- Description: This paper explores contemporary South African masculinities and how aspects of consumer culture interweave the self and body-image where “the prime purpose of the maintenance of the inner body becomes the enhancement of the appearance of the outer body” (Featherstone, 1991, p. 171). It details a study of young men in Durban, using a qualitative research design and a social constructionist theoretical framework to explore the discourses participants use when discussing their own and other male bodies. It highlights the ways in which consumerism, the media, and other social dynamics promote and silence different discourses around what constitutes a desirable man in 21st century South Africa. The paper presents a detailed exploration of the ‘healthy body’ discourse, discussing how it shaped men’s engagement in self-sculpting practices and provided a means by which the participants came to understand and manage their gendered identities.
- Full Text:
Amber : a aero-interaction honeypot with distributed intelligence
- Authors: Schoeman, Adam
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Security systems -- Security measures , Computer viruses , Intrusion detection systems (Computer security) , Computer security
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4716 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017938
- Description: For the greater part, security controls are based on the principle of Decision through Detection (DtD). The exception to this is a honeypot, which analyses interactions between a third party and itself, while occupying a piece of unused information space. As honeypots are not located on productive information resources, any interaction with it can be assumed to be non-productive. This allows the honeypot to make decisions based simply on the presence of data, rather than on the behaviour of the data. But due to limited resources in human capital, honeypots’ uptake in the South African market has been underwhelming. Amber attempts to change this by offering a zero-interaction security system, which will use the honeypot approach of decision through Presence (DtP) to generate a blacklist of third parties, which can be passed on to a network enforcer. Empirical testing has proved the usefulness of this alternative and low cost approach in defending networks. The functionality of the system was also extended by installing nodes in different geographical locations, and streaming their detections into the central Amber hive.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Schoeman, Adam
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Security systems -- Security measures , Computer viruses , Intrusion detection systems (Computer security) , Computer security
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4716 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017938
- Description: For the greater part, security controls are based on the principle of Decision through Detection (DtD). The exception to this is a honeypot, which analyses interactions between a third party and itself, while occupying a piece of unused information space. As honeypots are not located on productive information resources, any interaction with it can be assumed to be non-productive. This allows the honeypot to make decisions based simply on the presence of data, rather than on the behaviour of the data. But due to limited resources in human capital, honeypots’ uptake in the South African market has been underwhelming. Amber attempts to change this by offering a zero-interaction security system, which will use the honeypot approach of decision through Presence (DtP) to generate a blacklist of third parties, which can be passed on to a network enforcer. Empirical testing has proved the usefulness of this alternative and low cost approach in defending networks. The functionality of the system was also extended by installing nodes in different geographical locations, and streaming their detections into the central Amber hive.
- Full Text:
Amoxicillin removal from aqueous media using multi-walled carbon nanotubes
- Mohammadi, Ali, Kazemipour, Maryam, Walker, Roderick B, Ansari, Mehdi
- Authors: Mohammadi, Ali , Kazemipour, Maryam , Walker, Roderick B , Ansari, Mehdi
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/183861 , vital:44076 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/1536383X.2013.866944"
- Description: Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were used to separate amoxicillin from aqueous media. The parameters affecting amoxicillin adsorption such as pH, temperature, time, interferences of similar molecules, and the amount of adsorbent used were studied. Amoxicillin adsorption using MWCNT was compared to that using Fullerene C60 and activated carbon (AC). The adsorption efficiency of 0.1 and 0.2 g of MWCNT using in a continuous mode were 86.5% and 87.9%, respectively. Evaluation of the adsorbent capacity showed that each gram of MWCNT can absorb 22.9 mg amoxicillin. The effect of pH was studied over the range 2–8 and revealed that adsorption of the amoxicillin at the initial pH of 4.6 was more effective than any other pH. The adsorption of amoxicillin on MWCNT was much greater than Fullerene C60 and AC. Adsorption data showed that they were best fitted to the Langmuir isotherm.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mohammadi, Ali , Kazemipour, Maryam , Walker, Roderick B , Ansari, Mehdi
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/183861 , vital:44076 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/1536383X.2013.866944"
- Description: Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were used to separate amoxicillin from aqueous media. The parameters affecting amoxicillin adsorption such as pH, temperature, time, interferences of similar molecules, and the amount of adsorbent used were studied. Amoxicillin adsorption using MWCNT was compared to that using Fullerene C60 and activated carbon (AC). The adsorption efficiency of 0.1 and 0.2 g of MWCNT using in a continuous mode were 86.5% and 87.9%, respectively. Evaluation of the adsorbent capacity showed that each gram of MWCNT can absorb 22.9 mg amoxicillin. The effect of pH was studied over the range 2–8 and revealed that adsorption of the amoxicillin at the initial pH of 4.6 was more effective than any other pH. The adsorption of amoxicillin on MWCNT was much greater than Fullerene C60 and AC. Adsorption data showed that they were best fitted to the Langmuir isotherm.
- Full Text:
An analysis of malware evasion techniques against modern AV engines
- Authors: Haffejee, Jameel
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:20979 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/5821
- Description: This research empirically tested the response of antivirus applications to binaries that use virus-like evasion techniques. In order to achieve this, a number of binaries are processed using a number of evasion methods and are then deployed against several antivirus engines. The research also documents the process of setting up an environment for testing antivirus engines, including building the evasion techniques used in the tests. The results of the empirical tests illustrate that an attacker can evade multiple antivirus engines without much effort using well-known evasion techniques. Furthermore, some antivirus engines may respond to the occurrence of an evasion technique instead of the presence of any malicious code. In practical terms, this shows that while antivirus applications are useful for protecting against known threats, their effectiveness against unknown or modified threats is limited.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Haffejee, Jameel
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:20979 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/5821
- Description: This research empirically tested the response of antivirus applications to binaries that use virus-like evasion techniques. In order to achieve this, a number of binaries are processed using a number of evasion methods and are then deployed against several antivirus engines. The research also documents the process of setting up an environment for testing antivirus engines, including building the evasion techniques used in the tests. The results of the empirical tests illustrate that an attacker can evade multiple antivirus engines without much effort using well-known evasion techniques. Furthermore, some antivirus engines may respond to the occurrence of an evasion technique instead of the presence of any malicious code. In practical terms, this shows that while antivirus applications are useful for protecting against known threats, their effectiveness against unknown or modified threats is limited.
- Full Text:
An analysis of public equity offerings listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE)
- Authors: Van Heerden, Gillian
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Stock exchanges -- South Africa -- Johannesburg
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:1119 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017546
- Description: The underpricing of initial public offerings (IPOs) and their subsequent low long-run performance represents one of the anomalies observed in primary markets worldwide. However, the depth and breadth of it varies from country to country, and sector to sector. Literature has documented that the phenomenon surrounding the long-run post issue performance of IPOs is not unique and that quite similar patterns can be found regarding firms making seasoned equity offerings (SEOs). This study is an empirical analysis of public equity offerings listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE). Using data for 141 South African IPOs that were listed on the JSE Mainboard from 2001 to 2010, significant short-run underpricing is found. A sector wise analysis of three broad sectors indicated that the ‘other’ sector had the largest IPO underpricing after the first few days of trading. The year-wise analysis is also documented. In the long-run this study showed that IPOs in South Africa underperformed two out of three benchmarks in 36 full months post listing. In contrast, using data for 50 South African SEOs during 2003 to 2010, superior SEO performance is found over a 36-month period when assessed using a size and industry adjusted benchmark. Various cross-sectional and time-series patterns in the aftermarket performance of IPO and SEO firms are also documented
- Full Text:
- Authors: Van Heerden, Gillian
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Stock exchanges -- South Africa -- Johannesburg
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:1119 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017546
- Description: The underpricing of initial public offerings (IPOs) and their subsequent low long-run performance represents one of the anomalies observed in primary markets worldwide. However, the depth and breadth of it varies from country to country, and sector to sector. Literature has documented that the phenomenon surrounding the long-run post issue performance of IPOs is not unique and that quite similar patterns can be found regarding firms making seasoned equity offerings (SEOs). This study is an empirical analysis of public equity offerings listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE). Using data for 141 South African IPOs that were listed on the JSE Mainboard from 2001 to 2010, significant short-run underpricing is found. A sector wise analysis of three broad sectors indicated that the ‘other’ sector had the largest IPO underpricing after the first few days of trading. The year-wise analysis is also documented. In the long-run this study showed that IPOs in South Africa underperformed two out of three benchmarks in 36 full months post listing. In contrast, using data for 50 South African SEOs during 2003 to 2010, superior SEO performance is found over a 36-month period when assessed using a size and industry adjusted benchmark. Various cross-sectional and time-series patterns in the aftermarket performance of IPO and SEO firms are also documented
- Full Text:
An analysis of the certificate of the theory of accounting knowledge and knower structures : a case study of professional knowledge
- Authors: Mkhize, Thandeka Fortunate
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Accounting -- Study and teaching (Higher) , Dropout behavior, Prediction of , Knowledge, Theory of , Knowledge and learning , Critical realism , Education -- Philosophy , Educational sociology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2057 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1019771
- Description: This research project explores issues around the poor throughput and high dropout rate in the Certificate of the Theory of Accounting (CTA) by focusing on Accounting knowledge as an object of study. The CTA was identified as a serious block in the steps that one needs to go through on the journey to becoming a Chartered Accountant. Having a clear understanding of Accounting knowledge can lead to finding ways that can make the subject more accessible to students from diverse backgrounds. This study contributes to understanding Accounting knowledge at the CTA level with the aim of clearly delineating its legitimate knowledge and knower structures. It answers the following two research questions: • What constitutes legitimate knowledge structures in the CTA? • What constitutes legitimate knower structures in the CTA? Academics from nine universities and representatives of the South African Institute of Chartered Accountants (SAICA) participated in this study. Data was collected through interviews, observation and document analysis. Eighteen CTA lecturers and two members of the SAICA management team were interviewed. Three universities provided documents on their practices, which included learner guides, examination papers, suggested answers, lecture notes, tutorials and other curriculum documents for each of the four CTA subjects. SAICA provided the competency framework and examinable pronouncements. A conference that was jointly hosted by SAICA and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Foundation was observed. This study used Critical Realism as its ontological underpinnings and Legitimation Code Theory (LCT) as its substantive theory. It used the Specialisation and Autonomy principles of LCT to analyse the data. Specialization establishes the ways agents and discourses within a field are constructed as special, different or unique and thus deserving of distinction and status (Maton, 2014). The principle of Autonomy is concerned with the extent to which the field is self-governing and can do things of its own free-will (Maton, 2004). The study found that the CTA has a hierarchical knowledge structure, which means that when new knowledge is created in Accounting it is integrated into existing knowledge, resulting in coherent and integrated knowledge. CTA also has a hierarchical curriculum structure. While horizontal curriculum structures evolve through the replacement of existing knowledge by new approaches and content, a hierarchical curriculum typically grows through integration and subsumption of new knowledge into pre-existing knowledge and it relies on the acquisition of knowledge developed in previous modules or levels of study.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mkhize, Thandeka Fortunate
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Accounting -- Study and teaching (Higher) , Dropout behavior, Prediction of , Knowledge, Theory of , Knowledge and learning , Critical realism , Education -- Philosophy , Educational sociology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2057 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1019771
- Description: This research project explores issues around the poor throughput and high dropout rate in the Certificate of the Theory of Accounting (CTA) by focusing on Accounting knowledge as an object of study. The CTA was identified as a serious block in the steps that one needs to go through on the journey to becoming a Chartered Accountant. Having a clear understanding of Accounting knowledge can lead to finding ways that can make the subject more accessible to students from diverse backgrounds. This study contributes to understanding Accounting knowledge at the CTA level with the aim of clearly delineating its legitimate knowledge and knower structures. It answers the following two research questions: • What constitutes legitimate knowledge structures in the CTA? • What constitutes legitimate knower structures in the CTA? Academics from nine universities and representatives of the South African Institute of Chartered Accountants (SAICA) participated in this study. Data was collected through interviews, observation and document analysis. Eighteen CTA lecturers and two members of the SAICA management team were interviewed. Three universities provided documents on their practices, which included learner guides, examination papers, suggested answers, lecture notes, tutorials and other curriculum documents for each of the four CTA subjects. SAICA provided the competency framework and examinable pronouncements. A conference that was jointly hosted by SAICA and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Foundation was observed. This study used Critical Realism as its ontological underpinnings and Legitimation Code Theory (LCT) as its substantive theory. It used the Specialisation and Autonomy principles of LCT to analyse the data. Specialization establishes the ways agents and discourses within a field are constructed as special, different or unique and thus deserving of distinction and status (Maton, 2014). The principle of Autonomy is concerned with the extent to which the field is self-governing and can do things of its own free-will (Maton, 2004). The study found that the CTA has a hierarchical knowledge structure, which means that when new knowledge is created in Accounting it is integrated into existing knowledge, resulting in coherent and integrated knowledge. CTA also has a hierarchical curriculum structure. While horizontal curriculum structures evolve through the replacement of existing knowledge by new approaches and content, a hierarchical curriculum typically grows through integration and subsumption of new knowledge into pre-existing knowledge and it relies on the acquisition of knowledge developed in previous modules or levels of study.
- Full Text:
An analysis of the development model for ex-farmworkers and adjacent communities in the Indalo association of private game reserves in the Eastern Cape
- Tessendorf, Samantha Millicent
- Authors: Tessendorf, Samantha Millicent
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Game reserves -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agricultural laborers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Land reform -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Land use -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Land use -- Citizen participation , Rural development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rural development -- Citizen participation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:3399 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018547
- Description: Over the past fifteen years there has been an extensive conversion of land use from traditional farming practices to conservation and private game reserves. It has been suggested by Langholz and Kerley (2006:2) that privately owned preserved areas can engage in ecotourism initiatives by protecting biodiversity, succeeding financially and contributing to social upliftment. However, ecotourism has to operate within the context of historical land dispossession of the majority black population and current land reform initiatives to address this problem. In view of the economic, social and environmental importance of ecotourism based private game reserves (PGRs) in South Africa, particularly the Eastern Cape, the main goal of this research is to examine the Indalo association of private game reserves in the Eastern Cape Province’s development model for ex-farmworkers and adjacent communities. This was done through a literature survey and analysis of existing studies and by interviewing the managers of the Indalo PGRs and a few farmworkers to get their opinions of the tension between what they are doing and the imperatives of land reform. This involved an exploration of their community development work, particularly around issues of job creation, participation in decision-making, capacity building and sustainability. The thesis comes to the following conclusions. The first is that the establishment of PGRs have a significant positive impact on the local areas in which they are established. As a land-use, ecotourism based game reserves are an economically and ecologically desirable alternative to other land uses. Therefore the ecotourism based private game reserve industry with its extensive community development focus for farmworkers and local communities is a viable and sustainable alternative to conventional land reform. The second is that the Indalo PGRs development work has built capacity in the communities it has served. However, community participation, particularly in decision-making is limited and needs more attention if productive and sustainable development is to be achieved. Lastly, communities rely heavily on external support for their development and upliftment. However, the majority of the PGRs have/or are putting measures in place to ensure the continuation of community development projects to ensure the long-term sustainability of projects.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Tessendorf, Samantha Millicent
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Game reserves -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agricultural laborers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Land reform -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Land use -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Land use -- Citizen participation , Rural development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rural development -- Citizen participation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:3399 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018547
- Description: Over the past fifteen years there has been an extensive conversion of land use from traditional farming practices to conservation and private game reserves. It has been suggested by Langholz and Kerley (2006:2) that privately owned preserved areas can engage in ecotourism initiatives by protecting biodiversity, succeeding financially and contributing to social upliftment. However, ecotourism has to operate within the context of historical land dispossession of the majority black population and current land reform initiatives to address this problem. In view of the economic, social and environmental importance of ecotourism based private game reserves (PGRs) in South Africa, particularly the Eastern Cape, the main goal of this research is to examine the Indalo association of private game reserves in the Eastern Cape Province’s development model for ex-farmworkers and adjacent communities. This was done through a literature survey and analysis of existing studies and by interviewing the managers of the Indalo PGRs and a few farmworkers to get their opinions of the tension between what they are doing and the imperatives of land reform. This involved an exploration of their community development work, particularly around issues of job creation, participation in decision-making, capacity building and sustainability. The thesis comes to the following conclusions. The first is that the establishment of PGRs have a significant positive impact on the local areas in which they are established. As a land-use, ecotourism based game reserves are an economically and ecologically desirable alternative to other land uses. Therefore the ecotourism based private game reserve industry with its extensive community development focus for farmworkers and local communities is a viable and sustainable alternative to conventional land reform. The second is that the Indalo PGRs development work has built capacity in the communities it has served. However, community participation, particularly in decision-making is limited and needs more attention if productive and sustainable development is to be achieved. Lastly, communities rely heavily on external support for their development and upliftment. However, the majority of the PGRs have/or are putting measures in place to ensure the continuation of community development projects to ensure the long-term sustainability of projects.
- Full Text:
An analysis of the income tax consequences resulting from implementing the Income Tax Bill (2012) in Zimbabwe
- Authors: Kanyenze, Rumbidzai
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Income tax deductions -- Zimbabwe , Income tax -- Law and legislation -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:914 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017536
- Description: The Income Tax Bill (2012) proposes certain changes to the existing Income Tax Act that will impact on the method used to determine the taxable income of a taxpayer in Zimbabwe. Therefore, it is important to understand the tax consequences the Income Tax Bill creates for the taxpayer. The research aimed to elaborate on and explain the tax consequences that will arise as a result of applying the Income Tax Bill in Zimbabwe. The research was based on a qualitative method which involved the analysis and the interpretation of extracts from legislation and articles written on the proposed changes. The current “gross income” of a taxpayer consists of amounts earned from a source within or deemed to be from within Zimbabwe The proposed changes to the Act will change the tax system to a residence-based system, where resident taxpayers are taxed on amounts earned from all sources. Therefore, the driving factor which determines the taxability of an amount will become the taxpayer’s residency. Clause 2 of the proposed Act provides that income earned by a taxpayer should be separated into employment income, business income, property income and other specified income. This will make it unnecessary to determine the nature of an amount because capital amounts will be subject to income tax. The current Act provides for the deduction of expenditure incurred for the purpose of trade or in the production of income. Section 31(1)(a) of the proposed Act will restrict permissible deductions to expenditure incurred in the production of income. Consequently, expenditure not incurred for the purpose of earning income will no longer be deductible when the Income Tax Bill is implemented. The proposed Income Tax Act will increase the taxable income of a taxpayer as it makes amounts that are not currently subject to tax taxable, whilst restricting the deductions claimable.
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- Authors: Kanyenze, Rumbidzai
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Income tax deductions -- Zimbabwe , Income tax -- Law and legislation -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:914 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017536
- Description: The Income Tax Bill (2012) proposes certain changes to the existing Income Tax Act that will impact on the method used to determine the taxable income of a taxpayer in Zimbabwe. Therefore, it is important to understand the tax consequences the Income Tax Bill creates for the taxpayer. The research aimed to elaborate on and explain the tax consequences that will arise as a result of applying the Income Tax Bill in Zimbabwe. The research was based on a qualitative method which involved the analysis and the interpretation of extracts from legislation and articles written on the proposed changes. The current “gross income” of a taxpayer consists of amounts earned from a source within or deemed to be from within Zimbabwe The proposed changes to the Act will change the tax system to a residence-based system, where resident taxpayers are taxed on amounts earned from all sources. Therefore, the driving factor which determines the taxability of an amount will become the taxpayer’s residency. Clause 2 of the proposed Act provides that income earned by a taxpayer should be separated into employment income, business income, property income and other specified income. This will make it unnecessary to determine the nature of an amount because capital amounts will be subject to income tax. The current Act provides for the deduction of expenditure incurred for the purpose of trade or in the production of income. Section 31(1)(a) of the proposed Act will restrict permissible deductions to expenditure incurred in the production of income. Consequently, expenditure not incurred for the purpose of earning income will no longer be deductible when the Income Tax Bill is implemented. The proposed Income Tax Act will increase the taxable income of a taxpayer as it makes amounts that are not currently subject to tax taxable, whilst restricting the deductions claimable.
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