Efficient Biometric Access Control for Larger Scale Populations
- Brown, Dane L, Bradshaw, Karen L
- Authors: Brown, Dane L , Bradshaw, Karen L
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/465667 , vital:76630 , xlink:href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dane-Brown-2/publication/335378829_Efficient_Biometric_Access_Control_for_Larger_Scale_Populations/links/5d61159ea6fdccc32ccd2c8a/Efficient-Biometric-Access-Control-for-Larger-Scale-Populations.pdf"
- Description: Biometric applications and databases are growing at an alarming rate. Processing large or complex biometric data induces longer wait times that can limit usability during application. This paper focuses on increasing the processing speed of biometric data, and calls for a parallel approach to data processing that is beyond the capability of a central processing unit (CPU). The graphical processing unit (GPU) is effectively utilized with compute unified device architecture (CUDA), and results in at least triple the processing speed when compared with a previously presented accurate and secure multimodal biometric system. When saturating the CPU-only implementation with more individuals than the available thread count, the GPU-assisted implementation outperforms it exponentially. The GPU-assisted implementation is also validated to have the same accuracy of the original system, and thus shows promising advancements in both accuracy and processing speed in the challenging big data world.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Brown, Dane L , Bradshaw, Karen L
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/465667 , vital:76630 , xlink:href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dane-Brown-2/publication/335378829_Efficient_Biometric_Access_Control_for_Larger_Scale_Populations/links/5d61159ea6fdccc32ccd2c8a/Efficient-Biometric-Access-Control-for-Larger-Scale-Populations.pdf"
- Description: Biometric applications and databases are growing at an alarming rate. Processing large or complex biometric data induces longer wait times that can limit usability during application. This paper focuses on increasing the processing speed of biometric data, and calls for a parallel approach to data processing that is beyond the capability of a central processing unit (CPU). The graphical processing unit (GPU) is effectively utilized with compute unified device architecture (CUDA), and results in at least triple the processing speed when compared with a previously presented accurate and secure multimodal biometric system. When saturating the CPU-only implementation with more individuals than the available thread count, the GPU-assisted implementation outperforms it exponentially. The GPU-assisted implementation is also validated to have the same accuracy of the original system, and thus shows promising advancements in both accuracy and processing speed in the challenging big data world.
- Full Text:
Exploration and design of a synchronous message passing framework for a CPU-NPU heterogeneous architecture
- Pennefather, Sean, Bradshaw, Karen L, Irwin, Barry V W
- Authors: Pennefather, Sean , Bradshaw, Karen L , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/429537 , vital:72620 , https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8425384
- Description: In this paper we present the development of a framework for communication between an NPU (network processing unit) and CPU through synchronous message passing that is compliant with the synchronous communication events of the CSP formalisms. This framework is designed to be used for passing generic information between application components operating on both architectures and is intended to operate in conjunction with existing datapaths present on the NPU which in turn are responsible for network traffic transmission. An investigation of different message passing topologies is covered before the proposed message passing fabric is presented. As a proof of concept, an initial implementation of the fabric is developed and tested to determine its viability and correctness. Through testing it is shown that the implemented framework operates as intended. However, it is noted the throughput of the exploratory implementation is not considered suitable for high-performance applications and further evaluation is required.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Pennefather, Sean , Bradshaw, Karen L , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/429537 , vital:72620 , https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8425384
- Description: In this paper we present the development of a framework for communication between an NPU (network processing unit) and CPU through synchronous message passing that is compliant with the synchronous communication events of the CSP formalisms. This framework is designed to be used for passing generic information between application components operating on both architectures and is intended to operate in conjunction with existing datapaths present on the NPU which in turn are responsible for network traffic transmission. An investigation of different message passing topologies is covered before the proposed message passing fabric is presented. As a proof of concept, an initial implementation of the fabric is developed and tested to determine its viability and correctness. Through testing it is shown that the implemented framework operates as intended. However, it is noted the throughput of the exploratory implementation is not considered suitable for high-performance applications and further evaluation is required.
- Full Text:
Extending the NFComms framework for bulk data transfers
- Pennefather, Sean, Bradshaw, Karen L, Irwin, Barry V W
- Authors: Pennefather, Sean , Bradshaw, Karen L , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/430152 , vital:72669 , https://doi.org/10.1145/3278681.3278686
- Description: In this paper we present the design and implementation of an indirect messaging extension for the existing NFComms framework that pro-vides communication between a network flow processor and host CPU. This extension addresses the bulk throughput limitations of the frame-work and is intended to work in conjunction with existing communication mediums. Testing of the framework extensions shows an increase in throughput performance of up to 300× that of the current direct mes-sage passing framework at the cost of increased single message laten-cy of up to 2×. This trade-off is considered acceptable as the proposed extensions are intended for bulk data transfer only while the existing message passing functionality of the framework is preserved and can be used in situations where low latency is required for small messages.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Pennefather, Sean , Bradshaw, Karen L , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/430152 , vital:72669 , https://doi.org/10.1145/3278681.3278686
- Description: In this paper we present the design and implementation of an indirect messaging extension for the existing NFComms framework that pro-vides communication between a network flow processor and host CPU. This extension addresses the bulk throughput limitations of the frame-work and is intended to work in conjunction with existing communication mediums. Testing of the framework extensions shows an increase in throughput performance of up to 300× that of the current direct mes-sage passing framework at the cost of increased single message laten-cy of up to 2×. This trade-off is considered acceptable as the proposed extensions are intended for bulk data transfer only while the existing message passing functionality of the framework is preserved and can be used in situations where low latency is required for small messages.
- Full Text:
Health education on diabetes at a South African national science festival
- Bradshaw, Karen L, Mhlongo, M, Srinivas, Sunitha C, Marara P
- Authors: Bradshaw, Karen L , Mhlongo, M , Srinivas, Sunitha C , Marara P
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/460074 , vital:75890
- Description: Diabetes is one of the non-communicable diseases with a major negative impact on the health and development of South Africans. Empowering the population’s understanding of the condition, with health-literacy appropriate approaches, is one of the interventions that allows discussions around the prevention of diabetes. Objective. To determine the effects of a health education programme on increasing knowledge about diabetes and encouraging preventive measures. Method. A public health education exhibition was held by a pharmacy student at a national science festival. It incorporated presentations, posters, health models, word-search games, information leaflets and a computer-based quiz consisting of pre- and post-intervention questions. Results. Junior and senior school learners participated in the computer-based quiz. Results from the junior school pre-intervention phase showed that learners had a fair prior knowledge of diabetes, with an overall score of 52.8%. Improvement in their overall mean score at the 5% significance level was noted (p=0.020). There was a significant difference in the mean score after the intervention at the 1% level (government schools: 65.5 (standard error (SE) 3.1)%, independent schools: 45.9 (6.2)%; p=0.006). Of the senior learners 53.7% (n=137) indicated that they use computers at school, while 118 (46.3%) did not have access to computers. The improvement in overall knowledge of the senior participants after the intervention was significant at the 0.1% level (p is less than 0.001). Conclusion. The health education offered by the pharmacy student's project was interactive and used an interdisciplinary approach to improve health literacy and raise awareness of diabetes. This is a tested intervention that may be adopted for improving health literacy among schoolchildren.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Bradshaw, Karen L , Mhlongo, M , Srinivas, Sunitha C , Marara P
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/460074 , vital:75890
- Description: Diabetes is one of the non-communicable diseases with a major negative impact on the health and development of South Africans. Empowering the population’s understanding of the condition, with health-literacy appropriate approaches, is one of the interventions that allows discussions around the prevention of diabetes. Objective. To determine the effects of a health education programme on increasing knowledge about diabetes and encouraging preventive measures. Method. A public health education exhibition was held by a pharmacy student at a national science festival. It incorporated presentations, posters, health models, word-search games, information leaflets and a computer-based quiz consisting of pre- and post-intervention questions. Results. Junior and senior school learners participated in the computer-based quiz. Results from the junior school pre-intervention phase showed that learners had a fair prior knowledge of diabetes, with an overall score of 52.8%. Improvement in their overall mean score at the 5% significance level was noted (p=0.020). There was a significant difference in the mean score after the intervention at the 1% level (government schools: 65.5 (standard error (SE) 3.1)%, independent schools: 45.9 (6.2)%; p=0.006). Of the senior learners 53.7% (n=137) indicated that they use computers at school, while 118 (46.3%) did not have access to computers. The improvement in overall knowledge of the senior participants after the intervention was significant at the 0.1% level (p is less than 0.001). Conclusion. The health education offered by the pharmacy student's project was interactive and used an interdisciplinary approach to improve health literacy and raise awareness of diabetes. This is a tested intervention that may be adopted for improving health literacy among schoolchildren.
- Full Text:
Real-time geotagging and filtering of network data using a heterogeneous NPU-CPU architecture
- Pennefather, Sean, Bradshaw, Karen L, Irwin, Barry V W
- Authors: Pennefather, Sean , Bradshaw, Karen L , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/460603 , vital:75968 , ISBN 9780620810227
- Description: In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a NPU-CPU heterogeneous network monitoring application. This application allows for both filtering and monitoring operations to be performed on network traffic based on country of origin or destination of IP traffic in real-time at wire speeds up to 1 Gbit/s. This is achievable by distributing the application components to the relevant candidate architectures, leveraging the strengths of each. Communication between architectures is handled at runtime by a low latency synchronous message passing library. Testing of the implemented application indicates that the system can perform geolocation lookups on network traffic in real-time without impacting network throughput.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Pennefather, Sean , Bradshaw, Karen L , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/460603 , vital:75968 , ISBN 9780620810227
- Description: In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a NPU-CPU heterogeneous network monitoring application. This application allows for both filtering and monitoring operations to be performed on network traffic based on country of origin or destination of IP traffic in real-time at wire speeds up to 1 Gbit/s. This is achievable by distributing the application components to the relevant candidate architectures, leveraging the strengths of each. Communication between architectures is handled at runtime by a low latency synchronous message passing library. Testing of the implemented application indicates that the system can perform geolocation lookups on network traffic in real-time without impacting network throughput.
- Full Text:
Synergizing technology and health promotion for the prevention of tuberculosis
- Srinivas, Sunitha C, Mtolo, L T, Duxbury, Theodore O, Bradshaw, Karen L
- Authors: Srinivas, Sunitha C , Mtolo, L T , Duxbury, Theodore O , Bradshaw, Karen L
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/460629 , vital:75971
- Description: With the rapid global increase in the prevalence of tuberculosis, health promotion is crucial to raise communal health awareness. This service-learning health promotion activity aimed to increase awareness of TB amongst school learners in attendance at the 2016 National Science Festival. A computer-based pre- and post-intervention quiz, an educational poster, an interactive word search game, and a take-home information leaflet were utilized in a health promotion exhibit. Junior and senior school learners who participated in the exhibit showed significant improvements in their post-educational intervention scores. The exhibit was effective as a preliminary measure in reinforcing health information and raising awareness.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Srinivas, Sunitha C , Mtolo, L T , Duxbury, Theodore O , Bradshaw, Karen L
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/460629 , vital:75971
- Description: With the rapid global increase in the prevalence of tuberculosis, health promotion is crucial to raise communal health awareness. This service-learning health promotion activity aimed to increase awareness of TB amongst school learners in attendance at the 2016 National Science Festival. A computer-based pre- and post-intervention quiz, an educational poster, an interactive word search game, and a take-home information leaflet were utilized in a health promotion exhibit. Junior and senior school learners who participated in the exhibit showed significant improvements in their post-educational intervention scores. The exhibit was effective as a preliminary measure in reinforcing health information and raising awareness.
- Full Text:
Design of a Message Passing Model for Use in a Heterogeneous CPU-NFP Framework for Network Analytics. Southern Africa Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference (SATNAC) 2017, 3-10 September 2017
- Pennefather, Sean, Bradshaw, Karen L, Irwin, Barry V W
- Authors: Pennefather, Sean , Bradshaw, Karen L , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/460011 , vital:75884 , ISBN 9780620767569 , http://dx.doi.org/10.18489/sacj.v31i2.692
- Description: Currently, network analytics requires direct access to network packets, normally through a third-party application, which means that obtaining realtime results is difficult. We propose the NFP-CPU heterogeneous framework to allow parts of applications written in the Go programming language to be executed on a Network Flow Processor (NFP) for enhanced performance. This paper explores the need and feasibility of implementing a message passing model for data transmission between the NFP and CPU, which is the crux of such a heterogeneous framework. Architectural differences between the two domains are highlighted within this context and we present a solution to bridging these differences.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Pennefather, Sean , Bradshaw, Karen L , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/460011 , vital:75884 , ISBN 9780620767569 , http://dx.doi.org/10.18489/sacj.v31i2.692
- Description: Currently, network analytics requires direct access to network packets, normally through a third-party application, which means that obtaining realtime results is difficult. We propose the NFP-CPU heterogeneous framework to allow parts of applications written in the Go programming language to be executed on a Network Flow Processor (NFP) for enhanced performance. This paper explores the need and feasibility of implementing a message passing model for data transmission between the NFP and CPU, which is the crux of such a heterogeneous framework. Architectural differences between the two domains are highlighted within this context and we present a solution to bridging these differences.
- Full Text:
Enhanced biometric access control for mobile devices
- Brown, Dane L, Bradshaw, Karen L
- Authors: Brown, Dane L , Bradshaw, Karen L
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/465678 , vital:76631
- Description: In the new Digital Economy, mobile devices are increasingly 978-0-620-76756-9being used for tasks that involve sensitive and/or financial data. Hitherto, security on smartphones has not been a priority and furthermore, users tend to ignore the security features in favour of more rapid access to the device. We propose an authentication system that can provide enhanced security by utilizing multi-modal biometrics from a single image, captured at arm’s length, containing unique face and iris data. The system is compared to state-of-the-art face and iris recognition systems, in related studies using the CASIA-Iris-Distance dataset and the IITD iris dataset. The proposed system outperforms the related studies in all experiments and shows promising advancements to at-a-distance iris recognition on mobile devices.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Brown, Dane L , Bradshaw, Karen L
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/465678 , vital:76631
- Description: In the new Digital Economy, mobile devices are increasingly 978-0-620-76756-9being used for tasks that involve sensitive and/or financial data. Hitherto, security on smartphones has not been a priority and furthermore, users tend to ignore the security features in favour of more rapid access to the device. We propose an authentication system that can provide enhanced security by utilizing multi-modal biometrics from a single image, captured at arm’s length, containing unique face and iris data. The system is compared to state-of-the-art face and iris recognition systems, in related studies using the CASIA-Iris-Distance dataset and the IITD iris dataset. The proposed system outperforms the related studies in all experiments and shows promising advancements to at-a-distance iris recognition on mobile devices.
- Full Text:
Feature-fusion guidelines for image-based multi-modal biometric fusion
- Brown, Dane L, Bradshaw, Karen L
- Authors: Brown, Dane L , Bradshaw, Karen L
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/460063 , vital:75889 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.18489/sacj.v29i1.436"
- Description: The feature level, unlike the match score level, lacks multi-modal fusion guidelines. This work demonstrates a newapproach for improved image-based biometric feature-fusion. The approach extracts and combines the face, fingerprintand palmprint at the feature level for improved human identification accuracy. Feature-fusion guidelines, proposed inour recent work, are extended by adding a new face segmentation method and the support vector machine classifier.The new face segmentation method improves the face identification equal error rate (EER) by 10%. The support vectormachine classifier combined with the new feature selection approach, proposed in our recent work, outperforms otherclassifiers when using a single training sample. Feature-fusion guidelines take the form of strengths and weaknessesas observed in the applied feature processing modules during preliminary experiments. The guidelines are used toimplement an effective biometric fusion system at the feature level, using a novel feature-fusion methodology, reducingthe EER of two groups of three datasets namely: SDUMLA face, SDUMLA fingerprint and IITD palmprint; MUCT Face,MCYT Fingerprint and CASIA Palmprint.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Brown, Dane L , Bradshaw, Karen L
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/460063 , vital:75889 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.18489/sacj.v29i1.436"
- Description: The feature level, unlike the match score level, lacks multi-modal fusion guidelines. This work demonstrates a newapproach for improved image-based biometric feature-fusion. The approach extracts and combines the face, fingerprintand palmprint at the feature level for improved human identification accuracy. Feature-fusion guidelines, proposed inour recent work, are extended by adding a new face segmentation method and the support vector machine classifier.The new face segmentation method improves the face identification equal error rate (EER) by 10%. The support vectormachine classifier combined with the new feature selection approach, proposed in our recent work, outperforms otherclassifiers when using a single training sample. Feature-fusion guidelines take the form of strengths and weaknessesas observed in the applied feature processing modules during preliminary experiments. The guidelines are used toimplement an effective biometric fusion system at the feature level, using a novel feature-fusion methodology, reducingthe EER of two groups of three datasets namely: SDUMLA face, SDUMLA fingerprint and IITD palmprint; MUCT Face,MCYT Fingerprint and CASIA Palmprint.
- Full Text:
Feature-fusion guidelines for image-based multi-modal biometric fusion
- Brown, Dane L, Bradshaw, Karen L
- Authors: Brown, Dane L , Bradshaw, Karen L
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/465689 , vital:76632 , xlink:href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC-90afb1388"
- Description: The feature level, unlike the match score level, lacks multi-modal fusion guidelines. This work demonstrates a new approach for improved image-based biometric feature-fusion. The approach extracts and combines the face, fingerprint and palmprint at the feature level for improved human identification accuracy. Feature-fusion guidelines, proposed in our recent work, are extended by adding a new face segmentation method and the support vector machine classifier. The new face segmentation method improves the face identification equal error rate (EER) by 10%. The support vector machine classifier combined with the new feature selection approach, proposed in our recent work, outperforms other classifiers when using a single training sample. Feature-fusion guidelines take the form of strengths and weaknesses as observed in the applied feature processing modules during preliminary experiments. The guidelines are used to implement an effective biometric fusion system at the feature level, using a novel feature-fusion methodology, reducing the EER of two groups of three datasets namely: SDUMLA face, SDUMLA fingerprint and IITD palmprint; MUCT Face, MCYT Fingerprint and CASIA Palmprint.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Brown, Dane L , Bradshaw, Karen L
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/465689 , vital:76632 , xlink:href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC-90afb1388"
- Description: The feature level, unlike the match score level, lacks multi-modal fusion guidelines. This work demonstrates a new approach for improved image-based biometric feature-fusion. The approach extracts and combines the face, fingerprint and palmprint at the feature level for improved human identification accuracy. Feature-fusion guidelines, proposed in our recent work, are extended by adding a new face segmentation method and the support vector machine classifier. The new face segmentation method improves the face identification equal error rate (EER) by 10%. The support vector machine classifier combined with the new feature selection approach, proposed in our recent work, outperforms other classifiers when using a single training sample. Feature-fusion guidelines take the form of strengths and weaknesses as observed in the applied feature processing modules during preliminary experiments. The guidelines are used to implement an effective biometric fusion system at the feature level, using a novel feature-fusion methodology, reducing the EER of two groups of three datasets namely: SDUMLA face, SDUMLA fingerprint and IITD palmprint; MUCT Face, MCYT Fingerprint and CASIA Palmprint.
- Full Text:
Improved Automatic Face Segmentation and Recognition for Applications with Limited Training Data
- Bradshaw, Karen L, Brown, Dane L
- Authors: Bradshaw, Karen L , Brown, Dane L
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/460085 , vital:75891 , ISBN 9783319582740 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58274-0_33
- Description: This paper introduces varied pose angle, a new approach to improve face identification given large pose angles and limited training data. Face landmarks are extracted and used to normalize and segment the face. Our approach does not require face frontalization and achieves consistent results. Results are compared using frontal and non-frontal training images for Eigen and Fisher classification of various face pose angles. Fisher scales better with more training samples only with a high quality dataset. Our approach achieves promising results for three well-known face datasets.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Bradshaw, Karen L , Brown, Dane L
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/460085 , vital:75891 , ISBN 9783319582740 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58274-0_33
- Description: This paper introduces varied pose angle, a new approach to improve face identification given large pose angles and limited training data. Face landmarks are extracted and used to normalize and segment the face. Our approach does not require face frontalization and achieves consistent results. Results are compared using frontal and non-frontal training images for Eigen and Fisher classification of various face pose angles. Fisher scales better with more training samples only with a high quality dataset. Our approach achieves promising results for three well-known face datasets.
- Full Text:
“Enhanced biometric access control for mobile devices,” in Proceedings of the 20th Southern Africa Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference
- Bradshaw, Karen L, Brown, Dane L
- Authors: Bradshaw, Karen L , Brown, Dane L
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/460025 , vital:75885 , ISBN 9780620767569
- Description: In the new Digital Economy, mobile devices are increasingly being used for tasks that involve sensitive and/or f inancial data. Hitherto, security on smartphones has not been a priority and furthermore, users tend to ignore the security features in favour of more rapid access to the device. We propose an authentication system that can provide enhanced security by utilizing multi-modal biometrics from a single image, captured at arm’s length, containing unique face and iris data. The system is compared to state-of-the-art face and iris recognition systems, in related studies using the CASIA-Iris-Distance dataset and the IITD iris dataset. The proposed system outperforms the related studies in all experiments and shows promising advancements to at-a-distance iris recognition on mobile devices.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Bradshaw, Karen L , Brown, Dane L
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/460025 , vital:75885 , ISBN 9780620767569
- Description: In the new Digital Economy, mobile devices are increasingly being used for tasks that involve sensitive and/or f inancial data. Hitherto, security on smartphones has not been a priority and furthermore, users tend to ignore the security features in favour of more rapid access to the device. We propose an authentication system that can provide enhanced security by utilizing multi-modal biometrics from a single image, captured at arm’s length, containing unique face and iris data. The system is compared to state-of-the-art face and iris recognition systems, in related studies using the CASIA-Iris-Distance dataset and the IITD iris dataset. The proposed system outperforms the related studies in all experiments and shows promising advancements to at-a-distance iris recognition on mobile devices.
- Full Text:
A dynamically weighted multi-modal biometric security system
- Brown, Dane L, Bradshaw, Karen L
- Authors: Brown, Dane L , Bradshaw, Karen L
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/473684 , vital:77672 , xlink:href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315839228_A_Dynamically_Weighted_Multi-Modal_Biometric_Security_System"
- Description: The face, fingerprint and palmprint feature vectors are automatically extracted and dynamically selected for fusion at the feature-level, toward an improved human identification accuracy. The feature-level has a higher potential accuracy than the match score-level. However, leveraging this potential requires a new approach. This work demonstrates a novel dynamic weighting algorithm for improved image-based biometric feature-fusion. A comparison is performed on uni-modal, bi-modal, tri-modal and proposed dynamic approaches. The proposed dynamic approach yields a high genuine acceptance rate of 99.25% genuine acceptance rate at a false acceptance rate of 1% on challenging datasets and big impostor datasets.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Brown, Dane L , Bradshaw, Karen L
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/473684 , vital:77672 , xlink:href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315839228_A_Dynamically_Weighted_Multi-Modal_Biometric_Security_System"
- Description: The face, fingerprint and palmprint feature vectors are automatically extracted and dynamically selected for fusion at the feature-level, toward an improved human identification accuracy. The feature-level has a higher potential accuracy than the match score-level. However, leveraging this potential requires a new approach. This work demonstrates a novel dynamic weighting algorithm for improved image-based biometric feature-fusion. A comparison is performed on uni-modal, bi-modal, tri-modal and proposed dynamic approaches. The proposed dynamic approach yields a high genuine acceptance rate of 99.25% genuine acceptance rate at a false acceptance rate of 1% on challenging datasets and big impostor datasets.
- Full Text:
A dynamically weighted multi-modal biometric security system
- Brown, Dane L, Bradshaw, Karen L
- Authors: Brown, Dane L , Bradshaw, Karen L
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/476629 , vital:77945 , ISBN 9780620724180
- Description: The face, fingerprint and palmprint feature vectors are automatically extracted and dynamically selected for fusion at the feature-level, toward an improved human identification accuracy. The feature-level has a higher potential accuracy than the match score-level. However, leveraging this potential requires a new approach. This work demonstrates a novel dynamic weighting algorithm for improved image-based biometric feature-fusion. A comparison is performed on uni-modal, bi-modal, tri-modal and proposed dynamic approaches. The proposed dynamic approach yields a high genuine acceptance rate of 99.25% genuine acceptance rate at a false acceptance rate of 1% on challenging datasets and big impostor datasets.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Brown, Dane L , Bradshaw, Karen L
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/476629 , vital:77945 , ISBN 9780620724180
- Description: The face, fingerprint and palmprint feature vectors are automatically extracted and dynamically selected for fusion at the feature-level, toward an improved human identification accuracy. The feature-level has a higher potential accuracy than the match score-level. However, leveraging this potential requires a new approach. This work demonstrates a novel dynamic weighting algorithm for improved image-based biometric feature-fusion. A comparison is performed on uni-modal, bi-modal, tri-modal and proposed dynamic approaches. The proposed dynamic approach yields a high genuine acceptance rate of 99.25% genuine acceptance rate at a false acceptance rate of 1% on challenging datasets and big impostor datasets.
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A multi-biometric feature-fusion framework for improved uni-modal and multi-modal human identification
- Brown, Dane L, Bradshaw, Karen L
- Authors: Brown, Dane L , Bradshaw, Karen L
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/473696 , vital:77673 , xlink:href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7568927"
- Description: The lack of multi-biometric fusion guidelines at the feature-level are addressed in this work. A feature-fusion framework is geared toward improving human identification accuracy for both single and multiple biometrics. The foundation of the framework is the improvement over a state-of-the-art uni-modal biometric verification system, which is extended into a multi-modal identification system. A novel multi-biometric system is thus designed based on the framework, which serves as fusion guidelines for multi-biometric applications that fuse at the feature-level. This framework was applied to the face and fingerprint to achieve a 91.11% recognition accuracy when using only a single training sample. Furthermore, an accuracy of 99.69% was achieved when using five training samples.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Brown, Dane L , Bradshaw, Karen L
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/473696 , vital:77673 , xlink:href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7568927"
- Description: The lack of multi-biometric fusion guidelines at the feature-level are addressed in this work. A feature-fusion framework is geared toward improving human identification accuracy for both single and multiple biometrics. The foundation of the framework is the improvement over a state-of-the-art uni-modal biometric verification system, which is extended into a multi-modal identification system. A novel multi-biometric system is thus designed based on the framework, which serves as fusion guidelines for multi-biometric applications that fuse at the feature-level. This framework was applied to the face and fingerprint to achieve a 91.11% recognition accuracy when using only a single training sample. Furthermore, an accuracy of 99.69% was achieved when using five training samples.
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An investigation of face and fingerprint feature-fusion guidelines
- Brown, Dane L, Bradshaw, Karen L
- Authors: Brown, Dane L , Bradshaw, Karen L
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/473751 , vital:77678 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-34099-9_45"
- Description: There are a lack of multi-modal biometric fusion guidelines at the feature-level. This paper investigates face and fingerprint features in the form of their strengths and weaknesses. This serves as a set of guidelines to authors that are planning face and fingerprint feature-fusion applications or aim to extend this into a general framework. The proposed guidelines were applied to the face and fingerprint to achieve a 91.11 % recognition accuracy when using only a single training sample. Furthermore, an accuracy of 99.69 % was achieved when using five training samples.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Brown, Dane L , Bradshaw, Karen L
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/473751 , vital:77678 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-34099-9_45"
- Description: There are a lack of multi-modal biometric fusion guidelines at the feature-level. This paper investigates face and fingerprint features in the form of their strengths and weaknesses. This serves as a set of guidelines to authors that are planning face and fingerprint feature-fusion applications or aim to extend this into a general framework. The proposed guidelines were applied to the face and fingerprint to achieve a 91.11 % recognition accuracy when using only a single training sample. Furthermore, an accuracy of 99.69 % was achieved when using five training samples.
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Extended feature-fusion guidelines to improve image-based multi-modal biometrics
- Brown, Dane L, Bradshaw, Karen L
- Authors: Brown, Dane L , Bradshaw, Karen L
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/473796 , vital:77682 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1145/2987491.2987512"
- Description: The feature-level, unlike the match score-level, lacks multi-modal fusion guidelines. This work demonstrates a practical approach for improved image-based biometric feature-fusion. The approach extracts and combines the face, fingerprint and palmprint at the feature-level for improved human identification accuracy. Feature-fusion guidelines, proposed in recent work, are extended by adding the palmprint modality and the support vector machine classifier. Guidelines take the form of strengths and weaknesses as observed in the applied feature processing modules during preliminary experiments. The guidelines are used to implement an effective biometric fusion system at the feature-level to reduce the equal error rate on the SDUMLA and IITD datasets, using a novel feature-fusion methodology.
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- Authors: Brown, Dane L , Bradshaw, Karen L
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/473796 , vital:77682 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1145/2987491.2987512"
- Description: The feature-level, unlike the match score-level, lacks multi-modal fusion guidelines. This work demonstrates a practical approach for improved image-based biometric feature-fusion. The approach extracts and combines the face, fingerprint and palmprint at the feature-level for improved human identification accuracy. Feature-fusion guidelines, proposed in recent work, are extended by adding the palmprint modality and the support vector machine classifier. Guidelines take the form of strengths and weaknesses as observed in the applied feature processing modules during preliminary experiments. The guidelines are used to implement an effective biometric fusion system at the feature-level to reduce the equal error rate on the SDUMLA and IITD datasets, using a novel feature-fusion methodology.
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Improved fingercode alignment for accurate and compact fingerprint recognition
- Brown, Dane L, Bradshaw, Karen L
- Authors: Brown, Dane L , Bradshaw, Karen L
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/473807 , vital:77683 , xlink:href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7568931"
- Description: The traditional texture-based fingerprint recognition system known as FingerCode is improved in this work. Texture-based fingerprint recognition methods are generally more accurate than other methods, but at the disadvantage of increased storage requirements. The low storage requirements for a low resolution texture-based fingerprint recognition method known as FingerCode enables the combined use of fingerprints with the additional security of other devices such as smartcards. The low recognition accuracy of FingerCode is addressed using a novel texture alignment technique. As a result, an improved recognition accuracy is achieved without increasing storage requirements.
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- Authors: Brown, Dane L , Bradshaw, Karen L
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/473807 , vital:77683 , xlink:href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7568931"
- Description: The traditional texture-based fingerprint recognition system known as FingerCode is improved in this work. Texture-based fingerprint recognition methods are generally more accurate than other methods, but at the disadvantage of increased storage requirements. The low storage requirements for a low resolution texture-based fingerprint recognition method known as FingerCode enables the combined use of fingerprints with the additional security of other devices such as smartcards. The low recognition accuracy of FingerCode is addressed using a novel texture alignment technique. As a result, an improved recognition accuracy is achieved without increasing storage requirements.
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Towards a technical skills curriculum to supplement traditional computer science teaching
- Marais, Craig, Bradshaw, Karen L
- Authors: Marais, Craig , Bradshaw, Karen L
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/476640 , vital:77946 , ISBN 9781450342315 , https://muse.jhu.edu/book/52741
- Description: It is commonplace for students to enter university with skills deficiencies. However, this is cause for growing concern in the context of South Africa, as these `deficient' students are becoming more numerous. Public secondary schools in South Africa are failing to create students with adequate skills for careers in the STEM fields. This paper isolates these skills deficiencies to a subset of technical skills for problem-solving. The problem-solving skills are divided into content groups, which are then aligned to existing Computer Science content. A solution is proposed that demonstrates how the content can be presented without the need for extensive curriculum changes to established course content.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Marais, Craig , Bradshaw, Karen L
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/476640 , vital:77946 , ISBN 9781450342315 , https://muse.jhu.edu/book/52741
- Description: It is commonplace for students to enter university with skills deficiencies. However, this is cause for growing concern in the context of South Africa, as these `deficient' students are becoming more numerous. Public secondary schools in South Africa are failing to create students with adequate skills for careers in the STEM fields. This paper isolates these skills deficiencies to a subset of technical skills for problem-solving. The problem-solving skills are divided into content groups, which are then aligned to existing Computer Science content. A solution is proposed that demonstrates how the content can be presented without the need for extensive curriculum changes to established course content.
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Assessing ecosystem response to multiple disturbances and climate change in South Africa using ground-and satellite-based measurements and model
- Kutsch, Werner L, Falge, E M, Brümmer, Christian, Mukwashi, K, Schmullius, C, Hüttich, C, Odipo, V, Scholes, Robert J, Mudau, A, Midgley, Guy F, Stevens, N, Hickler, Thomas, Scheiter, Simon, Martens, C, Twine, Wayne, Iiyambo, T, Bradshaw, Karen L, Lück, W, Lenfers, Ulfia A, Thiel-Clemen, T
- Authors: Kutsch, Werner L , Falge, E M , Brümmer, Christian , Mukwashi, K , Schmullius, C , Hüttich, C , Odipo, V , Scholes, Robert J , Mudau, A , Midgley, Guy F , Stevens, N , Hickler, Thomas , Scheiter, Simon , Martens, C , Twine, Wayne , Iiyambo, T , Bradshaw, Karen L , Lück, W , Lenfers, Ulfia A , Thiel-Clemen, T
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/475183 , vital:77782 , xlink:href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9856380"
- Description: Sub-Saharan Africa currently experiences rapidly growing human population, intrinsically tied to substantial changes in land use on shrubland, savanna and mixed woodland ecosystems due to over-exploitation. Significant conversions driving degradation, affecting fire frequency and water availability, and fueling climate change are expected to increase in the immediate future. However, measured data of greenhouse gas emissions as affected by land use change are scarce to entirely lacking from this region. The project 'Adaptive Resilience of Southern African Ecosystems' (ARS AfricaE) conducts research and develops scenarios of ecosystem development under climate change, for management support in conservation or for planning rural area development. This will be achieved by (1) creation of a network of research clusters (paired sites with natural and altered vegetation) along an aridity gradient in South Africa for ground-based micrometeorological in-situ measurements of energy and matter fluxes, (2) linking biogeochemical functions with ecosystem structure, and eco-physiological properties, (3) description of ecosystem disturbance (and recovery) in terms of ecosystem function such as carbon balance components and water use efficiency, (4) set-up of individual-based models to predict ecosystem dynamics under (post) disturbance managements, (5) combination with long-term landscape dynamic information derived from remote sensing and aerial photography, and (6) development of sustainable management strategies for disturbed ecosystems and land use change. Emphasis is given on validation (by a suite of field measurements) of estimates obtained from eddy covariance, model approaches and satellite derivations.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Kutsch, Werner L , Falge, E M , Brümmer, Christian , Mukwashi, K , Schmullius, C , Hüttich, C , Odipo, V , Scholes, Robert J , Mudau, A , Midgley, Guy F , Stevens, N , Hickler, Thomas , Scheiter, Simon , Martens, C , Twine, Wayne , Iiyambo, T , Bradshaw, Karen L , Lück, W , Lenfers, Ulfia A , Thiel-Clemen, T
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/475183 , vital:77782 , xlink:href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9856380"
- Description: Sub-Saharan Africa currently experiences rapidly growing human population, intrinsically tied to substantial changes in land use on shrubland, savanna and mixed woodland ecosystems due to over-exploitation. Significant conversions driving degradation, affecting fire frequency and water availability, and fueling climate change are expected to increase in the immediate future. However, measured data of greenhouse gas emissions as affected by land use change are scarce to entirely lacking from this region. The project 'Adaptive Resilience of Southern African Ecosystems' (ARS AfricaE) conducts research and develops scenarios of ecosystem development under climate change, for management support in conservation or for planning rural area development. This will be achieved by (1) creation of a network of research clusters (paired sites with natural and altered vegetation) along an aridity gradient in South Africa for ground-based micrometeorological in-situ measurements of energy and matter fluxes, (2) linking biogeochemical functions with ecosystem structure, and eco-physiological properties, (3) description of ecosystem disturbance (and recovery) in terms of ecosystem function such as carbon balance components and water use efficiency, (4) set-up of individual-based models to predict ecosystem dynamics under (post) disturbance managements, (5) combination with long-term landscape dynamic information derived from remote sensing and aerial photography, and (6) development of sustainable management strategies for disturbed ecosystems and land use change. Emphasis is given on validation (by a suite of field measurements) of estimates obtained from eddy covariance, model approaches and satellite derivations.
- Full Text: