Photodegradation of ibuprofen using 5-10-15-20-tetrakis (4-bromophenyl) porphyrin conjugated to graphene quantum dots
- Magaela, N Bridged, Ndlovu, Knowledge S, Tshangana, Charmaine S, Muleia, Adoph A, Mamba, Bhekie B, Nyokong, Tebello, Managa, Muthumuni
- Authors: Magaela, N Bridged , Ndlovu, Knowledge S , Tshangana, Charmaine S , Muleia, Adoph A , Mamba, Bhekie B , Nyokong, Tebello , Managa, Muthumuni
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/304819 , vital:58493 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2022.113147"
- Description: Ibuprofen (IBU) is a common anti-inflammatory drug that is consumed by many individuals in the world. As such, analytical studies have detected high concentrations of the drug in many waterbodies, which poses a risk of harmful effects on the environment and public health. The hydroxyl radical technologies, a collective of techniques also known as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), can be utilized to degrade this emerging pollutant. In this study, the photodegradation of ibuprofen using 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-bromophenyl) porphyrin conjugated to graphene quantum dots was investigated using a custom-built photoreactor. Three different concentrations of IBU (200, 300 and 500 μM) were utilized as initial concentrations. The pH of the IBU was varied between acidic (pH 3.0), natural (pH 5.0) and alkaline (pH 9.0) to note the effect on IBU degradation as a function of time. The Highest ФΔ was obtained for InTBrP- GDQs (ФΔ = 0.80), followed by InTBrP (ФΔ = 0.74). The photodegradation efficiency of the TBrP-GQDs and InTBrP-GQDs were determined to be 43.2 and 76.1% respectively.
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- Authors: Magaela, N Bridged , Ndlovu, Knowledge S , Tshangana, Charmaine S , Muleia, Adoph A , Mamba, Bhekie B , Nyokong, Tebello , Managa, Muthumuni
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/304819 , vital:58493 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2022.113147"
- Description: Ibuprofen (IBU) is a common anti-inflammatory drug that is consumed by many individuals in the world. As such, analytical studies have detected high concentrations of the drug in many waterbodies, which poses a risk of harmful effects on the environment and public health. The hydroxyl radical technologies, a collective of techniques also known as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), can be utilized to degrade this emerging pollutant. In this study, the photodegradation of ibuprofen using 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-bromophenyl) porphyrin conjugated to graphene quantum dots was investigated using a custom-built photoreactor. Three different concentrations of IBU (200, 300 and 500 μM) were utilized as initial concentrations. The pH of the IBU was varied between acidic (pH 3.0), natural (pH 5.0) and alkaline (pH 9.0) to note the effect on IBU degradation as a function of time. The Highest ФΔ was obtained for InTBrP- GDQs (ФΔ = 0.80), followed by InTBrP (ФΔ = 0.74). The photodegradation efficiency of the TBrP-GQDs and InTBrP-GQDs were determined to be 43.2 and 76.1% respectively.
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Photodynamic activity of novel cationic porphyrins conjugated to graphene quantum dots against Staphylococcus aureus
- Magaela, N Bridged, Makola, Lekgowa C, Managa, Muthumuni, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Magaela, N Bridged , Makola, Lekgowa C , Managa, Muthumuni , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/295797 , vital:57379 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S1088424622500316"
- Description: Novel 5-(pyridyl)-10-15-20-tris(4-bromophenyl) porphyrin (complex 1), indium metal derivative (complex 2), and quaternized derivative (complex 3) were synthesized and conjugated to graphene quantum dots (GQDs). The conjugation of the porphyrins to GQDs was through ππ-ππ stacking. Herein, the ππ-ππ stacking approach was used to avoid covalent conjugation which might compromise the intrinsic chemical and physical properties. The photodynamic activities of the proposed nanomaterials were assessed towards Staphylococcus aureus cell obliteration. The photophysical properties of the prepared complexes were also studied prior to the application. Moreover, a decrease in fluorescence lifetimes was observed upon metalation of complex 1. As anticipated, singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ)ΦΔ) increased notably upon heavy metal (indium) insertion and upon composite formation. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy comparative studies were done on quaternized and unquaternized indium porphyrins conjugated to GQDs. Complex 3-GQDs exhibited the highest antibacterial activities compared to other complexes, and this was attributed to the high ΦΔΦΔ which plays an imperative role in photodynamic therapy applications.
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- Authors: Magaela, N Bridged , Makola, Lekgowa C , Managa, Muthumuni , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/295797 , vital:57379 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S1088424622500316"
- Description: Novel 5-(pyridyl)-10-15-20-tris(4-bromophenyl) porphyrin (complex 1), indium metal derivative (complex 2), and quaternized derivative (complex 3) were synthesized and conjugated to graphene quantum dots (GQDs). The conjugation of the porphyrins to GQDs was through ππ-ππ stacking. Herein, the ππ-ππ stacking approach was used to avoid covalent conjugation which might compromise the intrinsic chemical and physical properties. The photodynamic activities of the proposed nanomaterials were assessed towards Staphylococcus aureus cell obliteration. The photophysical properties of the prepared complexes were also studied prior to the application. Moreover, a decrease in fluorescence lifetimes was observed upon metalation of complex 1. As anticipated, singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ)ΦΔ) increased notably upon heavy metal (indium) insertion and upon composite formation. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy comparative studies were done on quaternized and unquaternized indium porphyrins conjugated to GQDs. Complex 3-GQDs exhibited the highest antibacterial activities compared to other complexes, and this was attributed to the high ΦΔΦΔ which plays an imperative role in photodynamic therapy applications.
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Sn (IV) porphyrin-biotin decorated nitrogen doped graphene quantum dots nanohybrids for photodynamic therapy
- Magaela, N Bridged, Matshitse, Refilwe, Balaji, Babu, Managa, Muthumuni, Prinsloo, Earl, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Magaela, N Bridged , Matshitse, Refilwe , Balaji, Babu , Managa, Muthumuni , Prinsloo, Earl , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/230018 , vital:49733 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2021.115624"
- Description: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive therapeutic procedure for cancer treatment. This study focuses on the synthesis, photophysicochemical properties, and PDT activity of Sn (IV) porphyrin (2), when linked to biotin decorated nitrogen doped graphene quantum dots (B-NGQDs). The porphyrin complex 2 was conjugated through an ester bond to B-NGQDs to form 2-B-NGQDs. Singlet oxygen quantum yield increased for 2 when linked to B-NGQDs to form 2-B-NQGDs. The dark toxicity and photodynamic therapy studies were conducted for 2, NGQDs and their conjugates using MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The cell viability for dark toxicity of all the compounds was above 90%, and 2-B-NGQDs showed high PDT activity at a concentration of 40 µg/mL with cell viability of 22%.
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- Authors: Magaela, N Bridged , Matshitse, Refilwe , Balaji, Babu , Managa, Muthumuni , Prinsloo, Earl , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/230018 , vital:49733 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2021.115624"
- Description: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive therapeutic procedure for cancer treatment. This study focuses on the synthesis, photophysicochemical properties, and PDT activity of Sn (IV) porphyrin (2), when linked to biotin decorated nitrogen doped graphene quantum dots (B-NGQDs). The porphyrin complex 2 was conjugated through an ester bond to B-NGQDs to form 2-B-NGQDs. Singlet oxygen quantum yield increased for 2 when linked to B-NGQDs to form 2-B-NQGDs. The dark toxicity and photodynamic therapy studies were conducted for 2, NGQDs and their conjugates using MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The cell viability for dark toxicity of all the compounds was above 90%, and 2-B-NGQDs showed high PDT activity at a concentration of 40 µg/mL with cell viability of 22%.
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The effect of charge on Zn tetra morpholine porphyrin conjugated to folic acid-nitrogen doped graphene quantum dots for photodynamic therapy studies
- Magaela, N Bridged, Matshitse, Refilwe, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Magaela, N Bridged , Matshitse, Refilwe , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/295840 , vital:57383 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102898"
- Description: Zinc tetra morpholine porphyrin (complex 2), and its quaternized derivative (complex 3) were synthesized and conjugated to folic acid decorated nitrogen doped graphene quantum dots (FA-NGQDs) through π−π stacking to study their photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy. Photophysiochemical properties of complexes 2, 3, and their conjugates (2-FA-NGQDs, 3-FA-NGQDs) were studied. It was found that complex 3 had higher ϕΔ of 0.56 compared to complex 2 with ϕΔ of 0.24, and respective composites: 3-FA-NGQDs had higher ϕΔ compared to 2-FA-NGQDs. The PDT studies were conducted for nanoparticles (FA-NGQDs), complexes (2, 3), and respective composites (2-FA-NGQDs, and 3-FA-NGQDs) using MCF-7 breast cancer cell. Dark toxicity of all compounds was above 90% which is negligible. At a highest concentration of 40 µg/mL, 3-FA-NGQDs gave the lowest cell viability of 28% compared to all other conjugates and porphyrins alone.
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- Authors: Magaela, N Bridged , Matshitse, Refilwe , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/295840 , vital:57383 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102898"
- Description: Zinc tetra morpholine porphyrin (complex 2), and its quaternized derivative (complex 3) were synthesized and conjugated to folic acid decorated nitrogen doped graphene quantum dots (FA-NGQDs) through π−π stacking to study their photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy. Photophysiochemical properties of complexes 2, 3, and their conjugates (2-FA-NGQDs, 3-FA-NGQDs) were studied. It was found that complex 3 had higher ϕΔ of 0.56 compared to complex 2 with ϕΔ of 0.24, and respective composites: 3-FA-NGQDs had higher ϕΔ compared to 2-FA-NGQDs. The PDT studies were conducted for nanoparticles (FA-NGQDs), complexes (2, 3), and respective composites (2-FA-NGQDs, and 3-FA-NGQDs) using MCF-7 breast cancer cell. Dark toxicity of all compounds was above 90% which is negligible. At a highest concentration of 40 µg/mL, 3-FA-NGQDs gave the lowest cell viability of 28% compared to all other conjugates and porphyrins alone.
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