Redistribution and taxation in South Africa : inaugural lecture delivered at Rhodes University
- Authors: Gavin, Wesley J
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Taxation -- South Africa , Wealth -- Moral and ethical aspects , South Africa -- Economic policy
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:627 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020696 , ISBN 0868103292
- Description: Inaugural lecture delivered at Rhodes University , Rhodes University Libraries (Digitisation)
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- Date Issued: 1996
Reduction of tungsten oxides with carbon and hydrogen
- Authors: Venables, Dean Stuart
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Oxidation-reduction reaction , Tungsten , Hydrogen , Carbon
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4342 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005004 , Oxidation-reduction reaction , Tungsten , Hydrogen , Carbon
- Description: The reductions of WO₃ with hydrogen, with CO, and with carbon, as well as the reduction of WO₃/graphite mixtures with hydrogen, were studied using thermogravimetry, evolved gas analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The intermediate phases W₂₀O₅₈, W₁₈O₄₉ and WO₂, were observed in the reductions. The final product of the reductions with hydrogen and carbon was tungsten, and we was formed in the reduction with CO. The reaction paths in the overall processes were determined. The reactant/product gas ratio had a considerable influence on which reactions took place. The morphology of the sample was characterised at different stages of the reduction. The shape of the WO₃ particles was retained during the reduction. Particle growth was observed in the reduction with hydrogen and was attributed to the formation of WO₂(OH)₂(g). The kinetics of the reductions were investigated , and the reaction mechanisms determined. The reduction of WO₃ with CO was studied from 650 to 900°C, and occurred at a phase boundary with an activation energy of 40 kJ mol⁻¹ . The reduction of WO₂, was studied under the same conditions. The reaction also occurred at a phase boundary and had an activation energy of 62 kJ mol⁻¹. The reduction of WO₃ with carbon was studied from 935 to 1100°C and took place via CO and CO₂. Two stages were observed in the reduction . The first stage, which corresponded approximately to the formation of WO₂ had an activation energy of 66 kJ mol⁻¹ and was limited by diffusion through the porous reacting particles. The second stage was first order and had an activation energy of 40 kJ mol⁻¹. The reduction of WO₃ and WO₃ graphite mixtures with hydrogen were studied from 575 to 975 °C. The reactions were controlled by mass-transfer under the conditions investigated. The addition of carbon increased the rate of the reduction process , but did not affect the phases formed in the system. CO₂ was evolved mainly at the start, and CO mainly at the end of the process.
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- Date Issued: 1996
Regional development planning in the Border-Ciskei-Transkei region: an examination of its implementation, effects and implications
- Authors: Nel, E L
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Regional planning -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Regional planning -- South Africa -- Transkei Regional planning -- South Africa -- Ciskei Rural development -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/1899 , vital:20237 , ISBN 0868103098
- Description: This paper examines the implementation and effects of regional development planning in the former Border-Ciskei-Transkei region of South Africa. State planning strategies were utilized for more than 30 years to further the ends of apartheid by trying to turn the black 'Homelands', into independent economic entities. In addition, the results of the dubious strategies applied and their implications receive particular attention. This is particularly significant in terms of the recent closure of numerous firms in the region as a result of exposure to market forces. The study aims to document and analyse what happened in the area, to detail the conclusions that can be derived from the experience and, by implication, to raise issues which future planners need to take into consideration. The experience of decades of politically-based planning of the economy led to a situation which subsidised inefficiency, encouraged exploitation and failed to leave a sustainable industrial base. Firms were drawn in by the incentives offered and not by inherent locational advantages. The weak economic linkages which resulted and the current disinvestment in the wake of the termination of incentives are an indictment against the policy. The saga of regional development in the Border-Ciskei- Transkei region vividly illustrates the need for future planners to take cognizance of key economic realities when contemplating such strategies. The new government should not repeat the mistake of attracting and subsidising industrial firms which have only tenuous links with the host economy and which require state support to operate profitably. Appropriate policies to assist the most needy remain an urgent necessity which the new government has yet to address properly. This study is based on surveys of manufacturing firms in the region which received state support, interviews with government and development agents, chambers of commerce and municipalities as well as a detailed review of published reports, academic articles and research projects. The time frame of the study extends from the early 1940s when the first attempts at regional development planning were made, through to 1993, the latest year for which data is available. This permits a broad sweep to be made of policies from the apartheid to the post-apartheid period. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
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- Date Issued: 1996
Religion, tradition and custom in a Zulu male vocal idiom
- Authors: Ndlovu, Caesar Maxwell Jeffrey
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Songs, Zulu Zulu (African people) -- Social life and customs Zionist churches (Africa) -- South Africa -- Transkei Church music -- South Africa African indigenous/independent churches
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2650 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002315
- Description: The study is about a Zulu male vocal tradition called isicathamiya performed by 'migrants' in all night competitions called ingomabusuku. This is a performance style popularized by the award winning group Ladysmith Black Mambazo. Isicathamiya, both in its symbolic structure and in the social and culturalpractice of its proponents has much in common with the ritual practices of Zionists. And Zionists are worshippers who integrate traditional beliefs and Christianity. This study will reveal that isicathamiya performance and Zionists are linked in three major areas:in the sqcial bases and practice of its proponents, in the structural properties of their performances and tn the meanings attached to these practices. Firstly, Zionists, who are also called a Separatist or African Independent church, and isicathamiya performers have minimal education and are employed in low income jobs in the cities. Most groups are formed with 'homeboy networks'. Furthermore, performers, unlike their brothers in the city, cling tenaciously to usiko [custom and tradition]. Although they are Christians, they still worship Umvelinqangi [The One Who Came First], by giving oblations and other forms of offerings. Amadlozi [the ancestors] are still believed to be their mediators with God. Also commonplace in this category is the practice of ukuchatha, [cleansing the stomach with some prepared medicine]; and ukuphalaza [taking out bile by spewing, which is also done as a way of warding off evil spirits]. These are rural practices that have meaning in their present domiciles. The second area of similarity consists in the structure of the nocturnal gatherings that form the core of the ritual and performance practices among isicathamiya singers and Zionists. Thus, a core of the ritual of Zionists is umlindelo [night vigil] which takes place every weekend from about 8 at night until the following day. Likewise, isicathamiya performers have competitions every Saturday evening from 8 at night until about 11 am the following day. Although Zionists night vigils are liturgical and isicathamiya competitions secular, the structures of both isicathamiya choreography and Zionists body movements appear the same. These movements are both rooted in a variety of traditional styles called ingoma. Thirdly, the meanings attached to these symbolic correspondences must be looked for in the selective appropriation of practices and beliefs taken to be traditional. Using present day commentaries in song and movement, ingoma and other rural styles performed in competitions and Zionists night vigils reflect a reconstruction of the past. Isicathamiya performers and Zionists see themselves as custodians of Zulu tradition, keeping Zulu ethnicity alive in the urban environment. This is why in this study we are going to see rural styles like ingoma, isifekezeli [war drills], ukusina [solo dancing] that were performed on the fields, now performed, sort of feigned and 'held in' as they are p~rformed in dance halls with wooden stages.
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- Date Issued: 1996
Resettlement in the Border/Ciskei region of South Africa
- Authors: de Wet, Christopher J , Lujabe, Phumeza , Metele, Nosipho
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Relocation (Housing) -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Relocation (Housing) -- South Africa -- Ciskei Eastern Cape (South Africa) -- Population Rural population -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Sada (South Africa) -- Social conditions Dongwe (South Africa) -- Social conditions Oxton (South Africa) -- Social conditions Whittlesea (South Africa) -- Social conditions Kat river (South Africa) -- History Citrus fruit industry -- South Africa Gqugesi (South Africa) -- History Fort Beaufort (South Africa) -- History Farmers -- South Africa Farmers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Upisdraai (South Africa) -- History Ilinge (South Africa) -- History Migrant labor -- South Africa Black people -- Relocation -- South Africa -- Ciskei
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2849 , vital:20335 , ISBN 0868103160
- Description: This paper presents the findings of part of a research project entitled "Population Mobility and Settlement Patterns in the Eastern Cape, 1950 to 1990", which was funded by the Human Sciences Research Council. The part of the project with which this paper is concerned, is the study of resettlement in the Border/Ciskei area of the (new) Eastern Cape Province. It involves two main foci: a) the Whittlesea district of the former Ciskei, where research was done in the resettlement area of Sada (where findings are compared with research done there in 1981) and Dongwe; and b) the Fort Beaufort area, where we looked at the two 'black spot' communities of Upisdraai and Gqugesi which were uprooted and moved to the Fort Beaufort township of Bhofolo in the 1960s, and at the establishment of black citrus farmers in the Kat River Valley in the late 1980s, on previously White owned farms which were bought out by the (then) Ciskei government. In the Conclusion, some important differences are suggested between resettlement in the Eastern Cape and in QwaQwa, one of the areas of South Africa that has been most severely affected by resettlement. Ways in which the South African material may be seen in terms of prevailing models for the analysis of resettlement, and may provide an input for the modification of these approaches, are briefly considered. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
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- Date Issued: 1996
Rhodes University Annual Report 1996
- Authors: Rhodes University
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Rhodes University -- history Rhodes University -- employees Rhodes University -- students
- Language: English
- Identifier: vital:20053
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- Date Issued: 1996
Rhodes University CompSci group photograph at the opening of the Rolf Braae labratory
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Rhodes University -- History , Rhodes University -- Employees , Rhodes University -- Students , Rhodes University - Computer Science Department
- Type: still image
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/52107 , vital:26157 , PIC/M 7426 , This image is held at the Cory Library for Humanities Research at Rhodes University. For further information contact cory@ru.ac.za. The digitisation of this image was made possible through a generous grant received from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation 2014-2017.
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- Date Issued: 1996
Rhodes University CompSci Pat Terry, Anna-Gretha Braae and Dennis Riordan at the opening of the Rolf Braae Labratory
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Rhodes University -- History , Rhodes University -- Employees , Rhodes University -- Students , Rhodes University - Computer Science Department
- Type: still image
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/52116 , vital:26158 , PIC/M 7427 , This image is held at the Cory Library for Humanities Research at Rhodes University. For further information contact cory@ru.ac.za. The digitisation of this image was made possible through a generous grant received from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation 2014-2017.
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- Date Issued: 1996
Rhodes University CompSci Project award winners with Rob Davis
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Rhodes University -- History , Rhodes University -- Employees , Rhodes University -- Students , Rhodes University - Computer Science Department
- Type: still image
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/52125 , vital:26161 , PIC/M 7428 , This image is held at the Cory Library for Humanities Research at Rhodes University. For further information contact cory@ru.ac.za. The digitisation of this image was made possible through a generous grant received from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation 2014-2017.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1996
Rhodes University CompSci unknown man working in Computer Science Department
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Rhodes University -- History , Rhodes University -- Employees , Rhodes University -- Students , Rhodes University - Computer Science Department
- Type: still image
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/52138 , vital:26162 , PIC/M 7429 , This image is held at the Cory Library for Humanities Research at Rhodes University. For further information contact cory@ru.ac.za. The digitisation of this image was made possible through a generous grant received from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation 2014-2017.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1996
Rhodes University CompSci Volkswagen technical specialists at RU Computer Science Department
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Rhodes University -- History , Rhodes University -- Employees , Rhodes University -- Students , Rhodes University - Computer Science Department
- Type: still image
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/52166 , vital:26163 , PIC/M 7430 , This image is held at the Cory Library for Humanities Research at Rhodes University. For further information contact cory@ru.ac.za. The digitisation of this image was made possible through a generous grant received from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation 2014-2017.
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- Date Issued: 1996
Rhodes University Computer Science analysis, design and management of software systems : seminar series for postgraduates
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Rhodes University -- History , Rhodes University -- Employees , Rhodes University -- Students , Rhodes University - Computer Science Department
- Type: still image
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/52085 , vital:26155 , PIC/M 7425 , This image is held at the Cory Library for Humanities Research at Rhodes University. For further information contact cory@ru.ac.za. The digitisation of this image was made possible through a generous grant received from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation 2014-2017.
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- Date Issued: 1996
Rhodes University Graduation Ceremony 1996
- Authors: Rhodes University
- Date: 1996
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: vital:8130 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006774
- Description: Rhodes University 1996 Graduation Ceremony 5 Jagersfontein Lane, Oranjezicht, Cape Town, Wednesday, 27 March at 12.00 p.m. , Rhodes University 1996 Graduation Ceremonies [at] 1820 Settlers National Monument Friday, 12 April at 10:30 a.m.; 08:15 p.m. [and] Saturday, 13 April at 10:30 a.m. , Rhodes University 1996 Graduation Ceremony Quigney Baptist Church Saturday, 11 May at 11:00 a.m. , Inauguration Ceremony Dr David Randle Woods Principal and Vice-Chancellor, 1820 Settlers National Monument Friday, 30 August 1996 at 6:30 p.m.
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- Date Issued: 1996
Rhodes University Institute of Social and Economic Research, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Authors: Rhodes University, Institute of Social and Economic Research
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Rhodes University -- History Rhodes University. Institute of Social and Economic Research Economic development -- Research -- South Africa Social change -- Research -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Manuscript , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2508 , vital:20299
- Description: Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
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- Date Issued: 1996
Role of percutaneous penetration enhancers
- Authors: Walker, Roderick B , Smith, Eric W
- Date: 1996
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6446 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006633
- Description: It is clear that scientists are now only beginning to comprehend the complexity of transdermal drug delivery. Elucidation of the biochemical composition and functioning of the intrinsic diffusional barrier of the stratum corneum has prompted investigation of chemical and physical means of enhancing the percutaneous penetration of poorly absorbed drugs. Chemical enhancers that aid absorption of co-administered moieties are currently believed to improve solubility within the stratum corneum or increase lipid fluidity of the intracellular bilayers. Alternatively,the use of ionto- or phonophoresis may facilitate the absorption of some drug molecules by physical alteration of the barrier. The role of penetration enhancer inclusion in topical formulations has been well documented and will undoubtedly, in the future, permit the delivery of broader classes of drugs through the stratum corneum.
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- Date Issued: 1996
Routing MIDI messages over Ethernet
- Authors: Foss, Richard , Mosala, Thabo
- Date: 1996
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/427486 , vital:72442 , https://www.aes.org/e-lib/browse.cfm?elib=7898
- Description: A system known as the MIDINet system has been created,which routes MIDI messages between MIDI-compatible source and destination devices. These devices are attached to nodes which in turn are linked into an Ethernet network. Message routing is facilitated by the MIDINet protocol, which is a layer above standard Ethernet. The performance of the system has been measured and documented. In order to address the nondeterminism of Ethernet, a token bus protocol layer has been introduced between the Ethernet and MIDINet layers. The MIDINet system is being used to enhance MIDI routing in a music studio network where studio resources are shared between remote music stations.
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- Date Issued: 1996
Rural and urban population trends in the Eastern Cape Province, 1936-1991
- Authors: Fox, R C , Tipler, D J
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Demography -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Eastern Cape (South Africa) -- Population Rural-urban migration -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Relocation (Housing) -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Relocation (Housing) -- South Africa Rural population -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Rural population -- South Africa Cities and towns -- South Africa -- Growth
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2123 , vital:20257 , ISBN 0868103179
- Description: This study is an attempt to analyze the impact of apartheid policy on population trends, particularly geographical distributions within the Eastern Cape Province for the period 1936 to 1991. Rogerson and McCarthy (1992), in the most recent overview of geographical work, argued that there is scope for studies such as this which integrate spatio-demographic trends with historical and cultural geography. Accordingly, this study delimits population trends and examines the impact of state policy. A Geographical Information System (GIS) was used as the main research tool for the storage and manipulation of spatio-demographic data. In terms of the impact of state policy, Christopher's (1994) Atlas of Apartheid provided a comprehensive outline of the historical context which forms the background to the period of study. His book shows how the geographical distribution of race groups within South Africa was largely brought about through the implementation of apartheid legislation. Horrell's (1978) Laws Affecting Race Relations in South Africa, 1948-1976 outlined the apartheid legislation at work during the period up to 1976. The geographical distribution of race groups within the Eastern Cape Province was influenced by a variety of legislative measures and policies from the creation of the reserve areas, through the restrictions on Group Areas, as well as various policies including influx control, border industry/industrial decentralization, forced removals and coloured labour preference. The most significant acts and policies which impacted on the Province are outlined below. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
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- Date Issued: 1996
SADTU's Major three year capacity building programme
- Authors: SADTU
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: SADTU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/134593 , vital:37180
- Description: SADTU has planned to launch a major capacity building programme in 1996. SADTU is a young union. Formed in 1990 as the only non-racial, non-sexist and democratic teachers’ union in South Africa, SADTU was viewed as a champion of teacher rights and thus the ideal organisation to campaign for transformative change. Consequently there was a significant shift of membership from established teacher associations. SADTU grasped this initiative and was able to earn an enviable position in educational struggles. The Union’s tremendous growth in size however has meant more responsibility at all organisational levels. Teachers’ demands and expectations have increased in the post apartheid era. Also the demands of educational reconstruction have become more complex. The country’s constitution and the new political demarcations have necessitated a realignment of our structures. The creation of nine provincial education departments with concurrent powers with the National Ministry of Education has introduced still more challenges for the Union. SADTU is now faced with the task of co-ordinating its activities at five levels, namely: National, Provincial, Regional, Branch and Site.
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- Date Issued: 1996
Sagatsha
- Authors: Dywili, Nofinishi , Composer not specified , Dargie, Dave
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Folk music , Sacred music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa South Africa Alice sa
- Language: IsiXhosa
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/341085 , vital:62728 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Dave Dargie Field Tapes, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , DDC338a-04
- Description: Ngqoko music ensemble accompanied by uhadi
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- Date Issued: 1996
Semi-automated extraction of structural orientation data from aerospace imagery combined with digital elevation models
- Authors: Slabber, Frans Bresler
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Image processing , Geographic information systems , Information storage and retrieval systems -- Geology , Geology -- Data processing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5001 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005614 , Image processing , Geographic information systems , Information storage and retrieval systems -- Geology , Geology -- Data processing
- Description: A computer-based method for determining the orientation of planar geological structures from remotely sensed images, utilizing digital geological images and digital elevation models (DEMs), is developed and assessed. The method relies on operator skill and experience to recognize geological structure traces on images, and then employs software routines (GEOSTRUC©) to calculate the orientation of selected structures. The operator selects three points on the trace of a planar geological feature as seen on a digital geological image that is co registered with a DEM of the same area. The orientation of the plane that contains the three points is determined using vector algebra equations. The program generates an ASCII data file which contains the orientation data as well as the geographical location of the measurements. This ASCII file can then be utilized in further analysis of the orientation data. The software development kit (SDK) for TNTmips v5.00, from MicroImages Inc. and operating in the X Windows environment, was employed to construct the software. The Watcom C\C++ Development Environment was used to generate the executable program, GEOSTRUC© . GEOSTRUC© was tested in two case studies. The case studies utilized digital data derived from the use of different techniques and from different sources which varied in scale and resolution. This was done to illustrate the versatility of the program and its application to a wide range of data types. On the whole, the results obtained using the GEOSTRUC© analyses compare favourably to field data from each test area. Use of the method to determine the orientation of axial planes in the case study revealed the usefulness of the method as a powerful analytic tool for use on a macroscopic scale. The method should not he applied in area with low variation in relief as the method proved to be less accurate in these areas. Advancements in imaging technology will serve to create images with better resolution, which will, in turn, improve the overall accuracy of the method.
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- Date Issued: 1996