A relevant intervention on nutrition transition among Isixhosa speaking people in Nelson Mandela Bay
- Authors: Fordjour Afriyie, Vera
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Nutrition -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Nutrition -- Social aspects , Xhosa (African people) -- Nutrition
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/69760 , vital:78026
- Description: The nutrition transition, characterised by a shift from traditional, nutrient-dense diets to Westernised, energy-dense, and nutrient-poor diets, has significant health implications globally. In South Africa (SA), particularly among the isiXhosa-speaking population in Nelson Mandela Bay (NMB), this transition has led to the dual burden of undernutrition and overnutrition, increasing the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as obesity and diabetes. Despite the prevalence of this nutrition phenomenon, limited research has explored the perceptions of nutrition transition among South African communities, although there is literature about the transition itself. Most studies on the research subject were undertaken in Asian and European countries and America. Generally, studies regarding the nutrition transition emphasise the importance of early public health interventions to prevent the transition from reaching critical levels. This research study aimed to answer the question: How do isiXhosa-speaking people in NMB perceive nutritional transition, and what are their knowledge and practices concerning traditional foods? This study’s primary aim was to identify and evaluate the NMB isiXhosa-speaking population’s perceptions regarding nutrition transition and their knowledge and practices concerning traditional foods. Subsequently, the study aimed to develop and test an educational intervention to promote traditional African diets and mitigate the adverse effects of nutrition transition. The researcher employed a multi-method approach, encompassing quantitative and qualitative methods and an exploratory, descriptive, and contextual approach to enhance the research design. Ethical principles guided the study, including autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice. The study comprised two phases. Participants were selected through a stratified, clustered sampling technique. In the first phase, data were collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), a 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire, and a knowledge and practices The participants were isiXhosa-speaking NMB residents older than 18 years of age. The second phase utilised the first-phase findings to develop an intervention programme. The intervention was implemented, and its efficacy was evaluated through post-intervention surveys, sensory evaluation, and a three-month telephonic follow-up. The findings indicated a significant decline in traditional food knowledge (TFK) and practices among the participants, with a marked shift towards Westernised diets. The primary factors driving this transition were urbanisation, economic constraints, and a lack of awareness about the nutritional benefits of traditional foods. The intervention programme, which included educational workshops and a sensory evaluation using indigenous crops, resulted in improved knowledge and practices regarding indigenous crops among the participants. Post-intervention data showed increased dietary diversity and a greater inclusion of traditional foods in daily diets. The study concluded that nutrition transition poses a significant challenge to the health and well-being of isiXhosa-speaking individuals in NMB. However, targeted interventions that promote traditional African diets can effectively address this issue. The study recommends that policymakers and public health practitioners incorporate culturally relevant and community-driven strategies to promote traditional food consumption. Future research should focus on the long-term impacts of such interventions and explore scalable models for broader implementation. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Behavioural & Lifestyle Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
A relevant intervention on nutrition transition among Isixhosa speaking people in Nelson Mandela Bay
- Authors: Fordjour Afriyie, Vera
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Nutrition -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Nutrition -- Social aspects , Xhosa (African people) -- Nutrition
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/69760 , vital:78026
- Description: The nutrition transition, characterised by a shift from traditional, nutrient-dense diets to Westernised, energy-dense, and nutrient-poor diets, has significant health implications globally. In South Africa (SA), particularly among the isiXhosa-speaking population in Nelson Mandela Bay (NMB), this transition has led to the dual burden of undernutrition and overnutrition, increasing the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as obesity and diabetes. Despite the prevalence of this nutrition phenomenon, limited research has explored the perceptions of nutrition transition among South African communities, although there is literature about the transition itself. Most studies on the research subject were undertaken in Asian and European countries and America. Generally, studies regarding the nutrition transition emphasise the importance of early public health interventions to prevent the transition from reaching critical levels. This research study aimed to answer the question: How do isiXhosa-speaking people in NMB perceive nutritional transition, and what are their knowledge and practices concerning traditional foods? This study’s primary aim was to identify and evaluate the NMB isiXhosa-speaking population’s perceptions regarding nutrition transition and their knowledge and practices concerning traditional foods. Subsequently, the study aimed to develop and test an educational intervention to promote traditional African diets and mitigate the adverse effects of nutrition transition. The researcher employed a multi-method approach, encompassing quantitative and qualitative methods and an exploratory, descriptive, and contextual approach to enhance the research design. Ethical principles guided the study, including autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice. The study comprised two phases. Participants were selected through a stratified, clustered sampling technique. In the first phase, data were collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), a 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire, and a knowledge and practices The participants were isiXhosa-speaking NMB residents older than 18 years of age. The second phase utilised the first-phase findings to develop an intervention programme. The intervention was implemented, and its efficacy was evaluated through post-intervention surveys, sensory evaluation, and a three-month telephonic follow-up. The findings indicated a significant decline in traditional food knowledge (TFK) and practices among the participants, with a marked shift towards Westernised diets. The primary factors driving this transition were urbanisation, economic constraints, and a lack of awareness about the nutritional benefits of traditional foods. The intervention programme, which included educational workshops and a sensory evaluation using indigenous crops, resulted in improved knowledge and practices regarding indigenous crops among the participants. Post-intervention data showed increased dietary diversity and a greater inclusion of traditional foods in daily diets. The study concluded that nutrition transition poses a significant challenge to the health and well-being of isiXhosa-speaking individuals in NMB. However, targeted interventions that promote traditional African diets can effectively address this issue. The study recommends that policymakers and public health practitioners incorporate culturally relevant and community-driven strategies to promote traditional food consumption. Future research should focus on the long-term impacts of such interventions and explore scalable models for broader implementation. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Behavioural & Lifestyle Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
Gem-bearing granitic pegmatites in Malawi: their mineralogy, geochemistry, age, and fluid compositional variations
- Kankuzi, Charles Frienderson
- Authors: Kankuzi, Charles Frienderson
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Granite , Pegmatites , Geochemistry , Fluid inclusions , Nonferrous metals
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/97905 , vital:31505 , DOI https://doi.org/10.21504/10962/97905
- Description: The gem bearing granitic pegmatites from different pegmatite fields across Malawi intrude all important geological entities from the Palaeoproterozoic in the north, the Mesoproterozoic in central Malawi and the Pan-African basement in the south. U/Pb zircon and Rb/Sr mineral isochron ages indicate pegmatite emplacement from the Palaeoproterozoic to Pan-African and Mesozoic time. Most pegmatites are related to the Pan-African cycle; no Mesoproterozoic pegmatites were observed in this study. Within the Pan-African pegmatite groups there are two important subgroups. Some pegmatites show Sr isotopic compositions that indicate mantle components contributing to the parental granites from which the pegmatites evolved. Others show higher Sr initials, indicating crustal granites as primary pegmatite sources or significant crustal contamination. Only for few pegmatites, such as the Palaeoproterozoic and Ordovician gem tourmaline pegmatites in the Chitipa and Dowa Districts, the granitic source is evident from their field context. For all others the granitic origin is interpreted by mineralogical and geochemical evidence. All analysed pegmatites belong to either the Rare Element Class or the Miarolitic Class, but they vary in their degree of fractionation. The more evolved pegmatites are more enriched in incompatible elements such as Be, Li, B, and Ta, which resulted in the formation of gem minerals such as beryl, aquamarine, tourmaline and topaz, which may or may not be associated with tantalite. The Rare Element pegmatites can be further subdivided into the REL-Li subclass, beryl type, beryl-columbite subtype, and in the complex type and elbaite subtype. The Miarolitic pegmatites include Mi-Li subclass and beryl-topaz type. Fluid inclusion studies (heating-cooling stage, Raman spectroscopy) identified a variety of fluid compositions that were present at different times and different places, indicating a variety of fluid sources. They range from aqueous-saline to CO2–rich carbonic fluids (CO2 +C3H8+ N2), or aqueous-carbonic fluids (H2O-CO2-CH4 and H2O-CO2-H2-H2S-CH4). The dominant solutes and species for the pegmatites show genetic variations over time and orogen (Paleo-/Meso-/Neoproterozoic). Uniform homogenisation temperatures and salinities in individual samples indicate that the gem-bearing pegmatites contained homogeneous fluids at the time of their capturing in quartz. Based on fluid inclusion data, the estimated trapping conditions of inclusions in quartz for all studied pegmatites except for one pegmatite suggest low pressures between 0.9 to 2.6 kb at temperatures of 400-600 C. The other pegmatite formed at slightly higher pressures of 2.2 to 3.6 kb. However, the pressure range for all the pegmatites is in agreement with the known liquidus conditions of Rare-Element pegmatite crystallisation. The shallow crustal emplacement level (3.4-9.8 km) and the greater depth (8.3 to 13.6 km) favoured the formation of gemstones. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Geology, 2019
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Kankuzi, Charles Frienderson
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Granite , Pegmatites , Geochemistry , Fluid inclusions , Nonferrous metals
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/97905 , vital:31505 , DOI https://doi.org/10.21504/10962/97905
- Description: The gem bearing granitic pegmatites from different pegmatite fields across Malawi intrude all important geological entities from the Palaeoproterozoic in the north, the Mesoproterozoic in central Malawi and the Pan-African basement in the south. U/Pb zircon and Rb/Sr mineral isochron ages indicate pegmatite emplacement from the Palaeoproterozoic to Pan-African and Mesozoic time. Most pegmatites are related to the Pan-African cycle; no Mesoproterozoic pegmatites were observed in this study. Within the Pan-African pegmatite groups there are two important subgroups. Some pegmatites show Sr isotopic compositions that indicate mantle components contributing to the parental granites from which the pegmatites evolved. Others show higher Sr initials, indicating crustal granites as primary pegmatite sources or significant crustal contamination. Only for few pegmatites, such as the Palaeoproterozoic and Ordovician gem tourmaline pegmatites in the Chitipa and Dowa Districts, the granitic source is evident from their field context. For all others the granitic origin is interpreted by mineralogical and geochemical evidence. All analysed pegmatites belong to either the Rare Element Class or the Miarolitic Class, but they vary in their degree of fractionation. The more evolved pegmatites are more enriched in incompatible elements such as Be, Li, B, and Ta, which resulted in the formation of gem minerals such as beryl, aquamarine, tourmaline and topaz, which may or may not be associated with tantalite. The Rare Element pegmatites can be further subdivided into the REL-Li subclass, beryl type, beryl-columbite subtype, and in the complex type and elbaite subtype. The Miarolitic pegmatites include Mi-Li subclass and beryl-topaz type. Fluid inclusion studies (heating-cooling stage, Raman spectroscopy) identified a variety of fluid compositions that were present at different times and different places, indicating a variety of fluid sources. They range from aqueous-saline to CO2–rich carbonic fluids (CO2 +C3H8+ N2), or aqueous-carbonic fluids (H2O-CO2-CH4 and H2O-CO2-H2-H2S-CH4). The dominant solutes and species for the pegmatites show genetic variations over time and orogen (Paleo-/Meso-/Neoproterozoic). Uniform homogenisation temperatures and salinities in individual samples indicate that the gem-bearing pegmatites contained homogeneous fluids at the time of their capturing in quartz. Based on fluid inclusion data, the estimated trapping conditions of inclusions in quartz for all studied pegmatites except for one pegmatite suggest low pressures between 0.9 to 2.6 kb at temperatures of 400-600 C. The other pegmatite formed at slightly higher pressures of 2.2 to 3.6 kb. However, the pressure range for all the pegmatites is in agreement with the known liquidus conditions of Rare-Element pegmatite crystallisation. The shallow crustal emplacement level (3.4-9.8 km) and the greater depth (8.3 to 13.6 km) favoured the formation of gemstones. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Geology, 2019
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2019
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