Electropolymerizable iron (III) and cobalt (II) dicyanophenoxy tetraphenylporphyrin complexes
- Ozoemena, Kenneth I, Zhao, Zhixin, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Ozoemena, Kenneth I , Zhao, Zhixin , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/286080 , vital:56236 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2005.11.024"
- Description: Solution and solid phase electrochemical features of 5-[4-(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)phenyl],10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin complexes of iron(III) (FeCNOTPP(Cl)) and cobalt(II) (CoCNOTPP) have been described. These novel asymmetric dicyanophenoxy-derivatised cobalt and iron porphyrin complexes were electropolymerised onto glassy carbon electrodes, which in aqueous solutions, gave surface concentrations (ca. 10−10 mol cm−2) typical of monolayer coverages. The films also exhibited excellent stability and electrocatalysis towards the direct detection of important analytes as nitrite, nitric oxide, and hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solutions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Ozoemena, Kenneth I , Zhao, Zhixin , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/286080 , vital:56236 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2005.11.024"
- Description: Solution and solid phase electrochemical features of 5-[4-(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)phenyl],10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin complexes of iron(III) (FeCNOTPP(Cl)) and cobalt(II) (CoCNOTPP) have been described. These novel asymmetric dicyanophenoxy-derivatised cobalt and iron porphyrin complexes were electropolymerised onto glassy carbon electrodes, which in aqueous solutions, gave surface concentrations (ca. 10−10 mol cm−2) typical of monolayer coverages. The films also exhibited excellent stability and electrocatalysis towards the direct detection of important analytes as nitrite, nitric oxide, and hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solutions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Urban forestry–A cinderella science in South Africa?
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/183092 , vital:43911 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.2989/10295920609505255"
- Description: The benefits of forests (in their broadest sense) and of trees to the natural environment and rural communities are well known throughout the world, including in South Africa (e.g. see chapters in Lawes et al. 2004). The presence of these benefits has also been extrapolated to urban situations, where natural forests and veld might be left in situ, or trees planted in public spaces, or in private gardens. These benefits span the social, aesthetic, health, environmental and economic spheres.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/183092 , vital:43911 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.2989/10295920609505255"
- Description: The benefits of forests (in their broadest sense) and of trees to the natural environment and rural communities are well known throughout the world, including in South Africa (e.g. see chapters in Lawes et al. 2004). The presence of these benefits has also been extrapolated to urban situations, where natural forests and veld might be left in situ, or trees planted in public spaces, or in private gardens. These benefits span the social, aesthetic, health, environmental and economic spheres.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Electropolymerized Pyrrole-Substituted Manganese Phthalocyanine Films for the Electroassisted Biomimetic Catalytic Reduction of Molecular Oxygen
- Rodrigues, Nazaré Pereira, Obirai, Joe, Nyokong, Tebello, Bedioui, Fethi
- Authors: Rodrigues, Nazaré Pereira , Obirai, Joe , Nyokong, Tebello , Bedioui, Fethi
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/289372 , vital:56626 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.200403064"
- Description: We report for the first time on the electroassisted biomimetic activation of molecular oxygen by a newly prepared electropolymerized polypyrrole-manganese phthalocyanine film. The prepared films and their intervention in the electroassisted catalytic reduction of molecular oxygen were analyzed by cyclic voltammetry and UV-visible spectrophotometry on optically transparent electrodes. The obtained results demonstrate the probable existence of the key-steps responsible for the suggested formation of the highly reactive manganese oxo intermediate.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Rodrigues, Nazaré Pereira , Obirai, Joe , Nyokong, Tebello , Bedioui, Fethi
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/289372 , vital:56626 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.200403064"
- Description: We report for the first time on the electroassisted biomimetic activation of molecular oxygen by a newly prepared electropolymerized polypyrrole-manganese phthalocyanine film. The prepared films and their intervention in the electroassisted catalytic reduction of molecular oxygen were analyzed by cyclic voltammetry and UV-visible spectrophotometry on optically transparent electrodes. The obtained results demonstrate the probable existence of the key-steps responsible for the suggested formation of the highly reactive manganese oxo intermediate.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Effects of axial ligands on the photophysical properties of silicon octaphenoxyphthalocyanine
- Maree, M David, Nyokong, Tebello, Suhling, Klaus, Phillips, David
- Authors: Maree, M David , Nyokong, Tebello , Suhling, Klaus , Phillips, David
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/289582 , vital:56651 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S1088424602000452"
- Description: The photochemistry and photophysics of six axially substituted silicon phthalocyanines are reported and show the importance of the axial groups in the photochemistry of these compounds. The fluorescence quantum yields are especially affected by the axial ligand. A very good correlation was found for the experimentally determined fluorescence lifetimes and the theoretically determined lifetimes using the Strickler-Berg equation for the unaggregated molecules.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
- Authors: Maree, M David , Nyokong, Tebello , Suhling, Klaus , Phillips, David
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/289582 , vital:56651 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S1088424602000452"
- Description: The photochemistry and photophysics of six axially substituted silicon phthalocyanines are reported and show the importance of the axial groups in the photochemistry of these compounds. The fluorescence quantum yields are especially affected by the axial ligand. A very good correlation was found for the experimentally determined fluorescence lifetimes and the theoretically determined lifetimes using the Strickler-Berg equation for the unaggregated molecules.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
The identification of the UV degradants of melatonin and their ability to scavenge free radicals
- Maharaj, Deepa S, Anoopkumar-Dukie, Shailendra, Glass, Beverley D, Antunes, Edith M, Lack, Barbara A, Walker, Roderick B, Daya, Santylal
- Authors: Maharaj, Deepa S , Anoopkumar-Dukie, Shailendra , Glass, Beverley D , Antunes, Edith M , Lack, Barbara A , Walker, Roderick B , Daya, Santylal
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/184303 , vital:44198 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-079X.2002.01866.x"
- Description: Ultraviolet (UV) light is known to induce the generation of free radicals in biological tissues such as skin. Of these free radicals, the O2–· and particularly the ·OH radical can induce cellular damage including lipid peroxidation. Thus, the use of antioxidants to prevent such damage induced by UV irradiation has received much attention recently. One such antioxidant, which has the potential to be incorporated into sunscreens, is the pineal secretory product melatonin. One of the concerns of using melatonin in sunscreens is its photostability. In the present study, we investigated the photostability of melatonin subjected to UV irradiation. In addition, we used liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to identify the degradants and we also assessed the ability of the degradants to inhibit O2–· generation as well as lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenate. The results show that UV irradiation of melatonin (0.1 mg/mL) using a 400-W lamp for 2 hr caused a significant decline of melatonin to 18% of its original concentration after 20 min, with the decline continuing until the melatonin concentration reaches zero at 120 min. The LC-MS results show that the degradants of melatonin are 6-hydroxymelatonin and N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine (AFMK). These degradants were able to provide equipotent activity against potassium cyanide (KCN)-induced superoxide generation compared to non-irradiated melatonin. Thus, the study shows that although melatonin is rapidly degraded by UV irradiation, the degradants retain antioxidant activity, making melatonin a likely candidate for inclusion in sunscreens.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
- Authors: Maharaj, Deepa S , Anoopkumar-Dukie, Shailendra , Glass, Beverley D , Antunes, Edith M , Lack, Barbara A , Walker, Roderick B , Daya, Santylal
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/184303 , vital:44198 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-079X.2002.01866.x"
- Description: Ultraviolet (UV) light is known to induce the generation of free radicals in biological tissues such as skin. Of these free radicals, the O2–· and particularly the ·OH radical can induce cellular damage including lipid peroxidation. Thus, the use of antioxidants to prevent such damage induced by UV irradiation has received much attention recently. One such antioxidant, which has the potential to be incorporated into sunscreens, is the pineal secretory product melatonin. One of the concerns of using melatonin in sunscreens is its photostability. In the present study, we investigated the photostability of melatonin subjected to UV irradiation. In addition, we used liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to identify the degradants and we also assessed the ability of the degradants to inhibit O2–· generation as well as lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenate. The results show that UV irradiation of melatonin (0.1 mg/mL) using a 400-W lamp for 2 hr caused a significant decline of melatonin to 18% of its original concentration after 20 min, with the decline continuing until the melatonin concentration reaches zero at 120 min. The LC-MS results show that the degradants of melatonin are 6-hydroxymelatonin and N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine (AFMK). These degradants were able to provide equipotent activity against potassium cyanide (KCN)-induced superoxide generation compared to non-irradiated melatonin. Thus, the study shows that although melatonin is rapidly degraded by UV irradiation, the degradants retain antioxidant activity, making melatonin a likely candidate for inclusion in sunscreens.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
Construction and characterization of carbon paste ultra-microelectrodes
- Oni, Joshua, Westbroek, Philippe, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Oni, Joshua , Westbroek, Philippe , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/291531 , vital:56884 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1388-2481(01)00212-0"
- Description: The construction and characterization of carbon paste ultra-microelectrodes is reported. Besides a disc-shaped electrode, a carbon paste band electrode is studied. It was found that for both electrode configurations steady-state currents were obtained but that with the type of electrode material used for the band electrode, the upper limit of ultra-microelectrode dimensions, which could be used was 100–150 μm. Smaller dimensions for the band electrodes resulted in a high resistance due to the limited conductivity of the carbon paste, when using the optimal paste composition. With cyclic voltammetry, the oxidation of [Fe(CN)6]4− was studied at individual constructed electrodes and at ensembles of individual electrodes. Detection limits of less than 10−6moll−1 were obtained. Using the data of the same curves it was possible to test if the electrodes have errors and about 20% of the constructed electrodes did not pass this test. Finally it was found that these electrodes show good stability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
- Authors: Oni, Joshua , Westbroek, Philippe , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/291531 , vital:56884 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1388-2481(01)00212-0"
- Description: The construction and characterization of carbon paste ultra-microelectrodes is reported. Besides a disc-shaped electrode, a carbon paste band electrode is studied. It was found that for both electrode configurations steady-state currents were obtained but that with the type of electrode material used for the band electrode, the upper limit of ultra-microelectrode dimensions, which could be used was 100–150 μm. Smaller dimensions for the band electrodes resulted in a high resistance due to the limited conductivity of the carbon paste, when using the optimal paste composition. With cyclic voltammetry, the oxidation of [Fe(CN)6]4− was studied at individual constructed electrodes and at ensembles of individual electrodes. Detection limits of less than 10−6moll−1 were obtained. Using the data of the same curves it was possible to test if the electrodes have errors and about 20% of the constructed electrodes did not pass this test. Finally it was found that these electrodes show good stability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
Interaction of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine with aluminium, calcium and sodium
- Matlaba, Pulane M, Daya, Santy, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Matlaba, Pulane M , Daya, Santy , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/293246 , vital:57068 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1211/146080800128735890"
- Description: Binding of aluminium to acetylcholine has important biological implications particularly in Alzheimer's disease. An electrochemical technique, adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry, has been employed in this study to investigate the in-situ formation of a complex between aluminium and acetylcholine. The stability of the resulting complex was compared with that of the in-situ complexes formed between acetylcholine and sodium or calcium. From the shifts in the reduction potential of the metals on addition of acetylcholine it is concluded that a strong complex is formed between acetylcholine and aluminium. Much weaker complexes are formed between calcium or sodium and acetylcholine. These results have important implications in the aetiology of Alzheimer's disease-in which brain aluminium concentrations are known to be high and brain cholinergic function is lower than normal.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
- Authors: Matlaba, Pulane M , Daya, Santy , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/293246 , vital:57068 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1211/146080800128735890"
- Description: Binding of aluminium to acetylcholine has important biological implications particularly in Alzheimer's disease. An electrochemical technique, adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry, has been employed in this study to investigate the in-situ formation of a complex between aluminium and acetylcholine. The stability of the resulting complex was compared with that of the in-situ complexes formed between acetylcholine and sodium or calcium. From the shifts in the reduction potential of the metals on addition of acetylcholine it is concluded that a strong complex is formed between acetylcholine and aluminium. Much weaker complexes are formed between calcium or sodium and acetylcholine. These results have important implications in the aetiology of Alzheimer's disease-in which brain aluminium concentrations are known to be high and brain cholinergic function is lower than normal.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
Transformational leadership and organisational effectiveness in the administration of cricket in South Africa
- Authors: Amos, Trevor L
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/270958 , vital:54495 , xlink:href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC-682622887"
- Description: After years of isolation from the international sporting arena, South African sports teams have recently achieved much success. This article is concerned specifically with managing for organisational effectiveness in South African cricket According to the theory of transformational leadership, there should be a positive relationship between this style of leadership and organisational effectiveness. The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire was used to collect information about leadership while data for organisational effectiveness, the dependent variable, was collected using the Effectiveness Survey for Cricket Administration. Most of the results regarding the relationship of the transformational leadership factors and organisational effectiveness were significant. On the other hand, most of the results regarding the relationship of the transactional leadership factors and organisational effectiveness were not significant. The overall results provide general support of Bass' (1990) argument of the universal application of the transformational leadership theory.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
- Authors: Amos, Trevor L
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/270958 , vital:54495 , xlink:href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC-682622887"
- Description: After years of isolation from the international sporting arena, South African sports teams have recently achieved much success. This article is concerned specifically with managing for organisational effectiveness in South African cricket According to the theory of transformational leadership, there should be a positive relationship between this style of leadership and organisational effectiveness. The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire was used to collect information about leadership while data for organisational effectiveness, the dependent variable, was collected using the Effectiveness Survey for Cricket Administration. Most of the results regarding the relationship of the transformational leadership factors and organisational effectiveness were significant. On the other hand, most of the results regarding the relationship of the transactional leadership factors and organisational effectiveness were not significant. The overall results provide general support of Bass' (1990) argument of the universal application of the transformational leadership theory.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
Catalytic behavior of osmium (II), rhodium (III) and ruthenium (II) Phthalocyanines towards the electrooxidation of cysteine on glassy carbon electrodes
- Sekota, Mantoa, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Sekota, Mantoa , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/293290 , vital:57072 , xlink:href=" https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140091608"
- Description: Glassy carbon electrodes (GCE's) modified with phthalocyanine complexes of Rh, Ru and Os are employed for the catalytic oxidation of cysteine. When cyanide and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) are used as axial ligands giving (DMSO)(Cl)RhIIIPc, [(CN)2RhIIIPc]−, (DMSO)2OsPcII, and [(DMSO)2Ru(II)Pc]·2DMSO complexes, the peak currents for the oxidation of cysteine increase after each scan, indicating an increase in the catalytic activity of the electrode with repetitive scanning. This improvement in the catalytic activity of the GCE after the first scan is attributed to the formation of dimeric π cation radical species at the electrode surface.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1997
- Authors: Sekota, Mantoa , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/293290 , vital:57072 , xlink:href=" https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140091608"
- Description: Glassy carbon electrodes (GCE's) modified with phthalocyanine complexes of Rh, Ru and Os are employed for the catalytic oxidation of cysteine. When cyanide and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) are used as axial ligands giving (DMSO)(Cl)RhIIIPc, [(CN)2RhIIIPc]−, (DMSO)2OsPcII, and [(DMSO)2Ru(II)Pc]·2DMSO complexes, the peak currents for the oxidation of cysteine increase after each scan, indicating an increase in the catalytic activity of the electrode with repetitive scanning. This improvement in the catalytic activity of the GCE after the first scan is attributed to the formation of dimeric π cation radical species at the electrode surface.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1997
Suppositories: An underutilized dosage form
- Webster, Jessica A, Dowse, Roslind, Walker, Roderick B
- Authors: Webster, Jessica A , Dowse, Roslind , Walker, Roderick B
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/184697 , vital:44264 , xlink:href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/AJA16836707_911"
- Description: The rectal route is useful for the delivery of both local acting and systemic drugs. In certain cases suppositories are the best form of therapy, or else they are an effective alternative when oral therapy is not possible. However; doctors rarely prescribe them and patients are often reluctant to use them. Understanding how suppositories work, and their numerous uses, can overcome the aversion to this particular dosage form. Pharmacists are in an ideal position to educate doctors, other health care providers, and patients, on the benefits of using suppositories and their correct use, and to offer advice on any problems associated with their use.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Webster, Jessica A , Dowse, Roslind , Walker, Roderick B
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/184697 , vital:44264 , xlink:href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/AJA16836707_911"
- Description: The rectal route is useful for the delivery of both local acting and systemic drugs. In certain cases suppositories are the best form of therapy, or else they are an effective alternative when oral therapy is not possible. However; doctors rarely prescribe them and patients are often reluctant to use them. Understanding how suppositories work, and their numerous uses, can overcome the aversion to this particular dosage form. Pharmacists are in an ideal position to educate doctors, other health care providers, and patients, on the benefits of using suppositories and their correct use, and to offer advice on any problems associated with their use.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
Equilibrium and kinetic studies of the reaction between pyridine and cobalt (II) phthalocyanine in DMSO
- Authors: Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/293380 , vital:57080 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-5387(95)00090-F"
- Description: Kinetics and equilibria for the reaction between pyridine and cobalt(II) phthalocyanine [CoPc] (H2Pc = phthalocyanine) in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) were studied at 25°C. The complex, CoPc(py)2, is formed in two consecutive steps. The formation of the mono-substituted CoPc(py)(DMSO) occurs first with a pseudo-first-order rate constant of k1f = 7.7 ± 0.3 × 10−3 dm3 mol−1 s−1. The final disubstituted CoPc(py)2 complex is formed with k2f= 1.1 ± 0.1 × 10−4dm3mol−1−1. The equilibrium constants were found to be K1 = 160 ± 20dm3 mol−1 and K2 = 15 ± 3 dm3mol−1 for the formation of CoPc(py)(DMSO) and CoPc(py)2, respectively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/293380 , vital:57080 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-5387(95)00090-F"
- Description: Kinetics and equilibria for the reaction between pyridine and cobalt(II) phthalocyanine [CoPc] (H2Pc = phthalocyanine) in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) were studied at 25°C. The complex, CoPc(py)2, is formed in two consecutive steps. The formation of the mono-substituted CoPc(py)(DMSO) occurs first with a pseudo-first-order rate constant of k1f = 7.7 ± 0.3 × 10−3 dm3 mol−1 s−1. The final disubstituted CoPc(py)2 complex is formed with k2f= 1.1 ± 0.1 × 10−4dm3mol−1−1. The equilibrium constants were found to be K1 = 160 ± 20dm3 mol−1 and K2 = 15 ± 3 dm3mol−1 for the formation of CoPc(py)(DMSO) and CoPc(py)2, respectively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
Photoreduction of tin (IV) phthalocyanines
- Authors: Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/293413 , vital:57083 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-5387(00)83491-9"
- Description: Photolysis of Sn(IV)Pc(OH)2 (Pc = phthalocyanine dianion) and Sn(IV)Pc(Cl)2 using a tungsten lamp, and in the presence of SnCl2·2H2O as an electron donor results in the reduction of these complexes of π anion radical species. The reduction shows second order dependence on the concentration of the Sn(IV)Pc complexes and a first order dependence on SnCl2·H2O.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/293413 , vital:57083 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-5387(00)83491-9"
- Description: Photolysis of Sn(IV)Pc(OH)2 (Pc = phthalocyanine dianion) and Sn(IV)Pc(Cl)2 using a tungsten lamp, and in the presence of SnCl2·2H2O as an electron donor results in the reduction of these complexes of π anion radical species. The reduction shows second order dependence on the concentration of the Sn(IV)Pc complexes and a first order dependence on SnCl2·H2O.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994