Speaking to power through newspaper editorials in Zimbabwe:
- Nyaungwa, Mathew, Garman, Anthea
- Authors: Nyaungwa, Mathew , Garman, Anthea
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/158438 , vital:40186 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1386/jams.11.1.51_1
- Description: This article seeks to provide an insight into the complex role that editorials – a newspaper’s institutional voice – play in highly polarised political contexts. It focuses on how the editorials of two Zimbabwean daily newspapers – The Herald, a progovernment newspaper, and NewsDay, a perceived pro-opposition newspaper – spoke to those in power at a time of transition from a government of national unity to majoritarian rule in 2013. The study also sets out to understand how both the newspapers’ editorials over this time responded to a contested political domain. Qualitative content analysis, rhetorical analysis and in-depth interviews were used to consider the tactics employed in the editorials to question and challenge the decisions and behaviours of those in positions of authority. The research findings contradict the common view in Zimbabwe that the privately–owned media blindly support the opposition while the state-owned media do the same with ZANU-PF. The findings show that in the period in question both newspapers exploited the editorial as a space to urge politicians to think of the national common good.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Nyaungwa, Mathew , Garman, Anthea
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/158438 , vital:40186 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1386/jams.11.1.51_1
- Description: This article seeks to provide an insight into the complex role that editorials – a newspaper’s institutional voice – play in highly polarised political contexts. It focuses on how the editorials of two Zimbabwean daily newspapers – The Herald, a progovernment newspaper, and NewsDay, a perceived pro-opposition newspaper – spoke to those in power at a time of transition from a government of national unity to majoritarian rule in 2013. The study also sets out to understand how both the newspapers’ editorials over this time responded to a contested political domain. Qualitative content analysis, rhetorical analysis and in-depth interviews were used to consider the tactics employed in the editorials to question and challenge the decisions and behaviours of those in positions of authority. The research findings contradict the common view in Zimbabwe that the privately–owned media blindly support the opposition while the state-owned media do the same with ZANU-PF. The findings show that in the period in question both newspapers exploited the editorial as a space to urge politicians to think of the national common good.
- Full Text:
Adsorptive removal of ciprofloxacin and isoniazid from aqueous solution
- Dube, Cyril S, Tandlich, Roman, Wilhelmi, Brendan S
- Authors: Dube, Cyril S , Tandlich, Roman , Wilhelmi, Brendan S
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/76846 , vital:30629 , https://doi.org/10.2478/nbec-2018-0002
- Description: This paper describes study of ciprofloxacin and isoniazid removal from aqueous solutions using coal fly ash (FA), kaolinite, perlite, talc and vermiculite. The adsorptive features of the adsorbents were evaluated for ciprofloxacin and isoniazid with regards to the effects of contact time, pH, the solid/liquid ratio and antibiotic concentration. All adsorbents were sterilised by dry heat before use to avoid the proliferation of antimicrobial resistance by the bacteria present on the adsorbents during experiments. The regression correlation coefficients indicate that the Langmuir model gives the best fit for the sorption of both antibiotics onto FA and talc, ciprofloxacin onto kaolinite, and isoniazid onto perlite and vermiculite with R2 values ranging from 0.908 – 0.999. The Freundlich isotherm best describes the sorption of ciprofloxacin onto vermiculite and isoniazid onto kaolinite with R2 values of 0.999 for both. The Tempkin model best describes the sorption of ciprofloxacin onto perlite with an R2 = 0.997. The values of the Freundlich exponent, 1/n, range from 0.221 – 0.998, indicating a favourable adsorption of ciprofloxacin and isoniazid onto the adsorbents. The heat of sorption, B, calculated from the Temkin plots has values ranging from 0.018 – 10.460 J/mol, indicating a physical adsorption process (physisorption). Adsorption equilibrium was achieved after 30 min for both antibiotics and the kinetic data obtained conforms best to the pseudo-second order equation with R2 values ranging from 0.998 – 0.999. The removal of ciprofloxacin and isoniazid by all adsorbents except FA was strongly influenced by the pH suggesting that electrostatic interactions play a major role in the adsorption processes.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Dube, Cyril S , Tandlich, Roman , Wilhelmi, Brendan S
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/76846 , vital:30629 , https://doi.org/10.2478/nbec-2018-0002
- Description: This paper describes study of ciprofloxacin and isoniazid removal from aqueous solutions using coal fly ash (FA), kaolinite, perlite, talc and vermiculite. The adsorptive features of the adsorbents were evaluated for ciprofloxacin and isoniazid with regards to the effects of contact time, pH, the solid/liquid ratio and antibiotic concentration. All adsorbents were sterilised by dry heat before use to avoid the proliferation of antimicrobial resistance by the bacteria present on the adsorbents during experiments. The regression correlation coefficients indicate that the Langmuir model gives the best fit for the sorption of both antibiotics onto FA and talc, ciprofloxacin onto kaolinite, and isoniazid onto perlite and vermiculite with R2 values ranging from 0.908 – 0.999. The Freundlich isotherm best describes the sorption of ciprofloxacin onto vermiculite and isoniazid onto kaolinite with R2 values of 0.999 for both. The Tempkin model best describes the sorption of ciprofloxacin onto perlite with an R2 = 0.997. The values of the Freundlich exponent, 1/n, range from 0.221 – 0.998, indicating a favourable adsorption of ciprofloxacin and isoniazid onto the adsorbents. The heat of sorption, B, calculated from the Temkin plots has values ranging from 0.018 – 10.460 J/mol, indicating a physical adsorption process (physisorption). Adsorption equilibrium was achieved after 30 min for both antibiotics and the kinetic data obtained conforms best to the pseudo-second order equation with R2 values ranging from 0.998 – 0.999. The removal of ciprofloxacin and isoniazid by all adsorbents except FA was strongly influenced by the pH suggesting that electrostatic interactions play a major role in the adsorption processes.
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Developmental and reproductive performance of a specialist herbivore depend on seasonality of, and light conditions experienced by, the host plant
- Zachariades, Uyi O O,, Heshula, Lelethu U P, Hill, Martin P
- Authors: Zachariades, Uyi O O, , Heshula, Lelethu U P , Hill, Martin P
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/59845 , vital:27667 , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190700
- Description: Host plant phenology (as influenced by seasonality) and light-mediated changes in the phenotypic and phytochemical properties of leaves have been hypothesised to equivocally influence insect herbivore performance. Here, we examined the effects of seasonality, through host plant phenology (late growth-season = autumn vs flowering-season = winter) and light environment (shade vs full-sun habitat) on the leaf characteristics of the invasive alien plant, Chromolaena odorata. In addition, the performance of a specialist folivore, Pareuchaetes insulata, feeding on leaves obtained from both shaded and full-sun habitats during autumn and winter, was evaluated over two generations. Foliar nitrogen and magnesium contents were generally higher in shaded plants with much higher levels during winter. Leaf water content was higher in shaded and in autumn plants. Total non-structural carbohydrate (TNC) and phosphorus contents did not differ as a function of season, but were higher in shaded foliage compared to full-sun leaves. Leaf toughness was noticeably higher on plants growing in full-sun during winter. With the exception of shaded leaves in autumn that supported the best performance [fastest development, heaviest pupal mass, and highest growth rate and Host Suitability Index (HSI) score], full-sun foliage in autumn surprisingly also supported an improved performance of the moth compared to shaded or full-sun leaves in winter. Our findings suggest that shaded and autumn foliage are nutritionally more suitable for the growth and reproduction of P. insulata. However, the heavier pupal mass, increased number of eggs and higher HSI score in individuals that fed on full-sun foliage in autumn compared to their counterparts that fed on shaded or full-sun foliage in winter suggest that full-sun foliage during autumn is also a suitable food source for larvae of the moth. In sum, our study demonstrates that seasonal and light-modulated changes in leaf characteristics can affect insect folivore performance in ways that are not linear.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Zachariades, Uyi O O, , Heshula, Lelethu U P , Hill, Martin P
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/59845 , vital:27667 , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190700
- Description: Host plant phenology (as influenced by seasonality) and light-mediated changes in the phenotypic and phytochemical properties of leaves have been hypothesised to equivocally influence insect herbivore performance. Here, we examined the effects of seasonality, through host plant phenology (late growth-season = autumn vs flowering-season = winter) and light environment (shade vs full-sun habitat) on the leaf characteristics of the invasive alien plant, Chromolaena odorata. In addition, the performance of a specialist folivore, Pareuchaetes insulata, feeding on leaves obtained from both shaded and full-sun habitats during autumn and winter, was evaluated over two generations. Foliar nitrogen and magnesium contents were generally higher in shaded plants with much higher levels during winter. Leaf water content was higher in shaded and in autumn plants. Total non-structural carbohydrate (TNC) and phosphorus contents did not differ as a function of season, but were higher in shaded foliage compared to full-sun leaves. Leaf toughness was noticeably higher on plants growing in full-sun during winter. With the exception of shaded leaves in autumn that supported the best performance [fastest development, heaviest pupal mass, and highest growth rate and Host Suitability Index (HSI) score], full-sun foliage in autumn surprisingly also supported an improved performance of the moth compared to shaded or full-sun leaves in winter. Our findings suggest that shaded and autumn foliage are nutritionally more suitable for the growth and reproduction of P. insulata. However, the heavier pupal mass, increased number of eggs and higher HSI score in individuals that fed on full-sun foliage in autumn compared to their counterparts that fed on shaded or full-sun foliage in winter suggest that full-sun foliage during autumn is also a suitable food source for larvae of the moth. In sum, our study demonstrates that seasonal and light-modulated changes in leaf characteristics can affect insect folivore performance in ways that are not linear.
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Evidence for protandry in Polydactylus quadrifilis in the Kwanza Estuary, Angola, and its implications for local fisheries
- Butler, Edward C, Childs, Amber-Robyn, Winkler, Alexander C, Milner, Marianne V, Potts, Warren M
- Authors: Butler, Edward C , Childs, Amber-Robyn , Winkler, Alexander C , Milner, Marianne V , Potts, Warren M
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124451 , vital:35614 , https://doi.10.1007/s10641-017-0699-6
- Description: A total of 141 Polydactylus quadrifilis were sampled from the Kwanza Estuary in Angola ranging in size from 436 to 1360 mm fork-length (FL). Of these, 124 were male, six intersex and 11 female. Female fish were significantly longer (mm, FL) and heavier (kg) than males and had significantly higher gonadosomatic indices (GSI’s) than those of males and intersex fish. Transitional (intersex) gonads were delimited, with testicular and ovarian regions separated by connective tissue. The first signs of ovarian tissue appeared on the outer ventral surface of the gonad. A second layer of ovarian tissue was first noticeable at either end of the initial ovarian region and developed back towards the centre of the ventral wall to form a luminal space. Early-stage oocytes were commonly found in the outer area of male regions and residual late-stage spermatids and spermatozoa were found in the luminal space of ovarian regions, suggesting a process of sex change from the outside inwards. A loss of male function was noted with increased ovarian prevalence. Based on this evidence it is suggested that P. quadrifilis in the Kwanza Estuary are protandrous. Owing to the reliance of P. quadrifilis on large highly fecund females for egg production, it is likely that they will be sensitive to fishing practices that target larger individuals within the population.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Butler, Edward C , Childs, Amber-Robyn , Winkler, Alexander C , Milner, Marianne V , Potts, Warren M
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124451 , vital:35614 , https://doi.10.1007/s10641-017-0699-6
- Description: A total of 141 Polydactylus quadrifilis were sampled from the Kwanza Estuary in Angola ranging in size from 436 to 1360 mm fork-length (FL). Of these, 124 were male, six intersex and 11 female. Female fish were significantly longer (mm, FL) and heavier (kg) than males and had significantly higher gonadosomatic indices (GSI’s) than those of males and intersex fish. Transitional (intersex) gonads were delimited, with testicular and ovarian regions separated by connective tissue. The first signs of ovarian tissue appeared on the outer ventral surface of the gonad. A second layer of ovarian tissue was first noticeable at either end of the initial ovarian region and developed back towards the centre of the ventral wall to form a luminal space. Early-stage oocytes were commonly found in the outer area of male regions and residual late-stage spermatids and spermatozoa were found in the luminal space of ovarian regions, suggesting a process of sex change from the outside inwards. A loss of male function was noted with increased ovarian prevalence. Based on this evidence it is suggested that P. quadrifilis in the Kwanza Estuary are protandrous. Owing to the reliance of P. quadrifilis on large highly fecund females for egg production, it is likely that they will be sensitive to fishing practices that target larger individuals within the population.
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Extended and Continuous Decline in Effective Population Size Results in Low Genomic Diversity in the World’s Rarest Hyena Species, the Brown Hyena
- Westbury, Michael V, Hartmann, Stefanie, Barlow, Axel, Wiesel, Ingrid, Leo, Viyanna, Welch, Rebecca J, Parker, Daniel M, Sicks, Florian, Ludwig, Arne, Dalén, Love, Hofreiter, Michael
- Authors: Westbury, Michael V , Hartmann, Stefanie , Barlow, Axel , Wiesel, Ingrid , Leo, Viyanna , Welch, Rebecca J , Parker, Daniel M , Sicks, Florian , Ludwig, Arne , Dalén, Love , Hofreiter, Michael
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124482 , vital:35616 , https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy037
- Description: Hyenas (family Hyaenidae), as the sister group to cats (family Felidae), represent a deeply diverging branch within the cat-like carnivores (Feliformia). With an estimated population size of < 10,000 individuals worldwide, the brown hyena (Parahyaena brunnea) represents the rarest of the four extant hyena species and has been listed as Near Threatened by the IUCN. Here, we report a high-coverage genome from a captive bred brown hyena and both mitochondrial and low coverage nuclear genomes of 14 wild-caught brown hyena individuals from across southern Africa.We find that brown hyena harbor extremely low genetic diversity on both the mitochondrial and nuclear level, most likely resulting from a continuous and ongoing decline in effective population size that started_1Ma and dramatically accelerated towards the end of the Pleistocene. Despite the strikingly low genetic diversity, we find no evidence of inbreeding within the captive bred individual and reveal phylogeographic structure, suggesting the existence of several potential subpopulations within the species.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Westbury, Michael V , Hartmann, Stefanie , Barlow, Axel , Wiesel, Ingrid , Leo, Viyanna , Welch, Rebecca J , Parker, Daniel M , Sicks, Florian , Ludwig, Arne , Dalén, Love , Hofreiter, Michael
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124482 , vital:35616 , https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy037
- Description: Hyenas (family Hyaenidae), as the sister group to cats (family Felidae), represent a deeply diverging branch within the cat-like carnivores (Feliformia). With an estimated population size of < 10,000 individuals worldwide, the brown hyena (Parahyaena brunnea) represents the rarest of the four extant hyena species and has been listed as Near Threatened by the IUCN. Here, we report a high-coverage genome from a captive bred brown hyena and both mitochondrial and low coverage nuclear genomes of 14 wild-caught brown hyena individuals from across southern Africa.We find that brown hyena harbor extremely low genetic diversity on both the mitochondrial and nuclear level, most likely resulting from a continuous and ongoing decline in effective population size that started_1Ma and dramatically accelerated towards the end of the Pleistocene. Despite the strikingly low genetic diversity, we find no evidence of inbreeding within the captive bred individual and reveal phylogeographic structure, suggesting the existence of several potential subpopulations within the species.
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Introduction: The politics of anonymity and confidentiality
- Macleod, Catriona I, Mnyaka, Phindezwa
- Authors: Macleod, Catriona I , Mnyaka, Phindezwa
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/434237 , vital:73041 , ISBN 978-3-319-74720-0 , https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-74721-7_15
- Description: Ethics committees standardly require that the researchers address questions concerning anonymity and confidentiality. The conventional practice is to ensure that participants’ names and identifying details are expunged from public records of the research and that high levels of confidentiality of data are maintained in the research process. In this introduction, we outline how authors of chapters in this section ask questions concerning these imperatives, including circumstances where participants actively want their identity revealed and their voice heard or when anonymising might not be possible or may further disadvantage marginalised populations. We explore the argument made by authors that the automatic anonymising of data and the imposition of confidentiality can constrain ethical conduct.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Macleod, Catriona I , Mnyaka, Phindezwa
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/434237 , vital:73041 , ISBN 978-3-319-74720-0 , https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-74721-7_15
- Description: Ethics committees standardly require that the researchers address questions concerning anonymity and confidentiality. The conventional practice is to ensure that participants’ names and identifying details are expunged from public records of the research and that high levels of confidentiality of data are maintained in the research process. In this introduction, we outline how authors of chapters in this section ask questions concerning these imperatives, including circumstances where participants actively want their identity revealed and their voice heard or when anonymising might not be possible or may further disadvantage marginalised populations. We explore the argument made by authors that the automatic anonymising of data and the imposition of confidentiality can constrain ethical conduct.
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Legitimation of knowers for access in science
- Authors: Ellery, Karen
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70302 , vital:29643 , https://doi.org/10.1080/02602930701772788
- Description: Based on poor performance of students in the higher education science context, this paper questions the current focus on content knowledge and, in so doing, examines the role student knowers play in enabling epistemological access. Using Legitimation Code Theory, and drawing on data from interviews, course documents, observations, and critical reflections, the social relations of a science foundation course in the South African context are examined empirically to reveal the valuing of two kinds of knowers—learning-context knowers (or science learners) and production-context knowers (or scientists). Since being both kinds of knowers is necessary for access to powerful science knowledge, and home and educational contexts of certain groups of students are better in terms of enabling science knowers and learners than others, it is argued from a social justice perspective that science (and other) curricula account for knower attributes in enabling access for success for all students.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Ellery, Karen
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70302 , vital:29643 , https://doi.org/10.1080/02602930701772788
- Description: Based on poor performance of students in the higher education science context, this paper questions the current focus on content knowledge and, in so doing, examines the role student knowers play in enabling epistemological access. Using Legitimation Code Theory, and drawing on data from interviews, course documents, observations, and critical reflections, the social relations of a science foundation course in the South African context are examined empirically to reveal the valuing of two kinds of knowers—learning-context knowers (or science learners) and production-context knowers (or scientists). Since being both kinds of knowers is necessary for access to powerful science knowledge, and home and educational contexts of certain groups of students are better in terms of enabling science knowers and learners than others, it is argued from a social justice perspective that science (and other) curricula account for knower attributes in enabling access for success for all students.
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Local perceptions of environmental changes in fishing communities of southwest Madagascar:
- Lemahieu, Anne, Scott, Lucy E P, Malherbe, Willem, Mahatante, Paubert T, Randrianarimanana, José V, Aswani, Shankar
- Authors: Lemahieu, Anne , Scott, Lucy E P , Malherbe, Willem , Mahatante, Paubert T , Randrianarimanana, José V , Aswani, Shankar
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/145370 , vital:38432 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2018.06.012
- Description: Southwest Madagascar is a region that is significantly impacted upon by climate change. As in a lot of developing countries, the livelihoods of many communities in this region are dependent on fishing. This makes these communities particularly vulnerable to climate-related changes. We conducted a survey in two coastal fishing communities in the Toliara Province, Ambola and Ambotsibotsike. Using a free listing exercise, semi-structured interviews and focus group methods, we documented local perceptions of environmental changes and responses to changes. Results were compared, taking into account the differences in the degree of remoteness, market exposure and religiosity. Time periods that respondents reported as having had a high degree of change were compared to time periods of historical records of cyclones occurring in Toliara Province.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Lemahieu, Anne , Scott, Lucy E P , Malherbe, Willem , Mahatante, Paubert T , Randrianarimanana, José V , Aswani, Shankar
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/145370 , vital:38432 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2018.06.012
- Description: Southwest Madagascar is a region that is significantly impacted upon by climate change. As in a lot of developing countries, the livelihoods of many communities in this region are dependent on fishing. This makes these communities particularly vulnerable to climate-related changes. We conducted a survey in two coastal fishing communities in the Toliara Province, Ambola and Ambotsibotsike. Using a free listing exercise, semi-structured interviews and focus group methods, we documented local perceptions of environmental changes and responses to changes. Results were compared, taking into account the differences in the degree of remoteness, market exposure and religiosity. Time periods that respondents reported as having had a high degree of change were compared to time periods of historical records of cyclones occurring in Toliara Province.
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Population connectivity of an overexploited coastal fish, Argyrosomus coronus (Sciaenidae), in an ocean-warming hotspot
- Henriques, R, Potts, Warren M, Santos, Carmen V D, Sauer, Warwick H H, Shaw, Paul W
- Authors: Henriques, R , Potts, Warren M , Santos, Carmen V D , Sauer, Warwick H H , Shaw, Paul W
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/125720 , vital:35811 , https://doi.10.2989/1814232X.2018.1434090
- Description: Anthropogenic activities are recognised as causing significant impacts to marine systems at multiple levels, ranging from habitat disturbance (Pauly et al. 2005) to overfishing (Sala and Knowlton 2006) and loss of genetic diversity (Pinsky and Palumbi 2014). Exploitation and harvesting in particular are known to strongly influence fish populations and their associated ecosystems (Pauly et al. 2005), and in combination with ongoing climate change can have compound effects on the viability and long-term survival of marine fishes (Last et al. 2011). Species can react to the impacts of climate change either by shifting their distributional range or by adapting to changing conditions through individual ecological plasticity and/or local population adaptation (Briggs 2011; Last et al. 2011). However, since ecological plasticity and local adaptation have strong genetic components, overharvesting has the potential to impact the long-term adaptive ability of marine fishes by decreasing the extant genetic diversity (Allendorf et al. 2014). Therefore, understanding the impact of exploitation on genetic diversity and population substructuring is critical for predicting the likely consequences of continued exploitation and climate change.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Henriques, R , Potts, Warren M , Santos, Carmen V D , Sauer, Warwick H H , Shaw, Paul W
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/125720 , vital:35811 , https://doi.10.2989/1814232X.2018.1434090
- Description: Anthropogenic activities are recognised as causing significant impacts to marine systems at multiple levels, ranging from habitat disturbance (Pauly et al. 2005) to overfishing (Sala and Knowlton 2006) and loss of genetic diversity (Pinsky and Palumbi 2014). Exploitation and harvesting in particular are known to strongly influence fish populations and their associated ecosystems (Pauly et al. 2005), and in combination with ongoing climate change can have compound effects on the viability and long-term survival of marine fishes (Last et al. 2011). Species can react to the impacts of climate change either by shifting their distributional range or by adapting to changing conditions through individual ecological plasticity and/or local population adaptation (Briggs 2011; Last et al. 2011). However, since ecological plasticity and local adaptation have strong genetic components, overharvesting has the potential to impact the long-term adaptive ability of marine fishes by decreasing the extant genetic diversity (Allendorf et al. 2014). Therefore, understanding the impact of exploitation on genetic diversity and population substructuring is critical for predicting the likely consequences of continued exploitation and climate change.
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Remembering the Late Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Through the Eyes of the Poet:
- Authors: Kaschula, Russell H
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/174912 , vital:42521 , https://doi.org/10.1080/1013929X.2018.1439860
- Description: This article seeks to explore the life and post-democratic work of President Mandela through the eyes of the poet. More specifically, two moments in time are captured and analysed, namely, Mandela’s release from prison together with the lead up to the first democratic South African elections in 1994; and his passing in 2013. This analysis includes the work of poets such as Bongani Sitole, Maya Angelou, Raphael d’Abdon and Thabo Mbeki. The mechanics of translation and the interrelatedness of orality and literacy are explored. The poetic memory contained in this article presents us with an approximation towards the collage of collective memory in a country where economics, politics, and society still present multiple challenges, and where political power often challenges the true collective memory.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Kaschula, Russell H
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/174912 , vital:42521 , https://doi.org/10.1080/1013929X.2018.1439860
- Description: This article seeks to explore the life and post-democratic work of President Mandela through the eyes of the poet. More specifically, two moments in time are captured and analysed, namely, Mandela’s release from prison together with the lead up to the first democratic South African elections in 1994; and his passing in 2013. This analysis includes the work of poets such as Bongani Sitole, Maya Angelou, Raphael d’Abdon and Thabo Mbeki. The mechanics of translation and the interrelatedness of orality and literacy are explored. The poetic memory contained in this article presents us with an approximation towards the collage of collective memory in a country where economics, politics, and society still present multiple challenges, and where political power often challenges the true collective memory.
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Variation in perception of environmental change in nine Solomon Islands communities: implications for securing fairness in community-based adaptation
- Ensor, Jonathan Edward, Abernethy, Kirsten Elizabeth, Hoddy, Eric Timothy, Aswani, Shankar, Albert, Simon, Vaccaro, Ismael, Benedict, Jason Jon, Beare, Douglas James
- Authors: Ensor, Jonathan Edward , Abernethy, Kirsten Elizabeth , Hoddy, Eric Timothy , Aswani, Shankar , Albert, Simon , Vaccaro, Ismael , Benedict, Jason Jon , Beare, Douglas James
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/145380 , vital:38433 , DOI: 10.1007/s10113-017-1242-1
- Description: Community-based approaches are pursued in recognition of the need for place-based responses to environmental change that integrate local understandings of risk and vulnerability. Yet the potential for fair adaptation is intimately linked to how variations in perceptions of environmental change and risk are treated. There is, however, little empirical evidence of the extent and nature of variations in risk perception in and between multiple community settings. Here, we rely on data from 231 semi-structured interviews conducted in nine communities in Western Province, Solomon Islands, to statistically model different perceptions of risk and change within and between communities.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Ensor, Jonathan Edward , Abernethy, Kirsten Elizabeth , Hoddy, Eric Timothy , Aswani, Shankar , Albert, Simon , Vaccaro, Ismael , Benedict, Jason Jon , Beare, Douglas James
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/145380 , vital:38433 , DOI: 10.1007/s10113-017-1242-1
- Description: Community-based approaches are pursued in recognition of the need for place-based responses to environmental change that integrate local understandings of risk and vulnerability. Yet the potential for fair adaptation is intimately linked to how variations in perceptions of environmental change and risk are treated. There is, however, little empirical evidence of the extent and nature of variations in risk perception in and between multiple community settings. Here, we rely on data from 231 semi-structured interviews conducted in nine communities in Western Province, Solomon Islands, to statistically model different perceptions of risk and change within and between communities.
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When the students are revolting: the (im) possibilities of listening in academic contexts in South Africa
- Authors: Garman, Anthea
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/158416 , vital:40182 , ISBN 978-3-319-93958-2 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1007/978-3-319-93958-2
- Description: Student activists in South Africa have put the decolonisation of higher education firmly on the agenda, demanding that researchers and teachers pay attention to something in particular that is very hard to hear and very possibly unhearable. These young, black South Africans are the intellectual force upon whom we are depending for the altered future of our country. We cannot change the circumstances which continue to frustrate and anger them without paying particular attention to them. Taking on the knowledge bases and knowledge generation in the Global South, they are demanding that we rethink the logos-based project of universities in South Africa. Their struggle is critically about how knowledge is implicated as a shaping force in lives which are still defined by colonial governmentality.
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- Authors: Garman, Anthea
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/158416 , vital:40182 , ISBN 978-3-319-93958-2 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1007/978-3-319-93958-2
- Description: Student activists in South Africa have put the decolonisation of higher education firmly on the agenda, demanding that researchers and teachers pay attention to something in particular that is very hard to hear and very possibly unhearable. These young, black South Africans are the intellectual force upon whom we are depending for the altered future of our country. We cannot change the circumstances which continue to frustrate and anger them without paying particular attention to them. Taking on the knowledge bases and knowledge generation in the Global South, they are demanding that we rethink the logos-based project of universities in South Africa. Their struggle is critically about how knowledge is implicated as a shaping force in lives which are still defined by colonial governmentality.
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Changes in chemical composition of essential oils from leaves of different Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae) varieties after feeding by the introduced biological control agent, Falconia intermedia Distant (Hemiptera: Miridae)
- Ngxande-Koza, Samella W, Heshula, Lelethu U P, Hill, Martin P
- Authors: Ngxande-Koza, Samella W , Heshula, Lelethu U P , Hill, Martin P
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/59834 , vital:27664 , https://doi.org/10.4001/003.025.0462
- Description: Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae) is one of the most problematic plant invaders in South Africa and has been targeted for biological control for over 50 years. Essential oil constituents which often change in response to insect herbivory are reported to play a crucial role in plant-insect interactions. However, nothing is known about the chemical profiles of essential oils of L. camara varieties in South Africa and how this changes under herbivory. Therefore, essential oils were collected using hydrodistillation from undamaged and insect-damaged leaves of four L. camara varieties and analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to elucidate their chemical profiles. A total of 163 compounds were identified from the undamaged leaves of the various L. camara varieties. Feeding by the biocontrol agent Falconia intermedia Distant (Hemiptera: Miridae) resulted in changes in the quality and quantity of chemical constituents of the essential oils. Only 75 compounds were identified from the insect-damaged leaves of L. camara varieties. Terpenes were the major components across the varieties, while caryophyllene, hexane, naphthalene, copaene and a-caryophyllene were common in all the varieties tested from both undamaged and insect-damaged leaves. Results from this study indicated the chemical distinctiveness of the Whitney Farm variety from other varieties. The changes in chemical concentrations indicated that feeding by the mirid on L. camara varieties causes an induction by either reducing or increasing the chemical concentrations. These inductions following the feeding by F. intermedia could be having a negative impact on the success of biological control against L. camara varieties. However, the focus of this paper is to report on the chemical baseline of L. camara varieties. Hence, comparisons of chemical compound concentrations of L. camara essential oils tested and the feeding-induced changes with respect to their quality and quantity are discussed.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Ngxande-Koza, Samella W , Heshula, Lelethu U P , Hill, Martin P
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/59834 , vital:27664 , https://doi.org/10.4001/003.025.0462
- Description: Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae) is one of the most problematic plant invaders in South Africa and has been targeted for biological control for over 50 years. Essential oil constituents which often change in response to insect herbivory are reported to play a crucial role in plant-insect interactions. However, nothing is known about the chemical profiles of essential oils of L. camara varieties in South Africa and how this changes under herbivory. Therefore, essential oils were collected using hydrodistillation from undamaged and insect-damaged leaves of four L. camara varieties and analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to elucidate their chemical profiles. A total of 163 compounds were identified from the undamaged leaves of the various L. camara varieties. Feeding by the biocontrol agent Falconia intermedia Distant (Hemiptera: Miridae) resulted in changes in the quality and quantity of chemical constituents of the essential oils. Only 75 compounds were identified from the insect-damaged leaves of L. camara varieties. Terpenes were the major components across the varieties, while caryophyllene, hexane, naphthalene, copaene and a-caryophyllene were common in all the varieties tested from both undamaged and insect-damaged leaves. Results from this study indicated the chemical distinctiveness of the Whitney Farm variety from other varieties. The changes in chemical concentrations indicated that feeding by the mirid on L. camara varieties causes an induction by either reducing or increasing the chemical concentrations. These inductions following the feeding by F. intermedia could be having a negative impact on the success of biological control against L. camara varieties. However, the focus of this paper is to report on the chemical baseline of L. camara varieties. Hence, comparisons of chemical compound concentrations of L. camara essential oils tested and the feeding-induced changes with respect to their quality and quantity are discussed.
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Counting on demographic equity to transform institutional cultures at historically white South African universities?:
- Booi, Masixole, Vincent, Louise, Liccardo, Sabrina
- Authors: Booi, Masixole , Vincent, Louise , Liccardo, Sabrina
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141946 , vital:38018 , DOI: 10.1080/07294360.2017.1289155
- Description: The post-apartheid higher education transformation project is faced with the challenge of recruiting and retaining black academics and other senior staff. But when we shift the focus from participation rates to equality–inequality within historically white universities (HWUs), then the discourse changes from demographic equity and redress to institutional culture and diversity. HWUs invoke the need to maintain their position as leading higher education institutions globally, and notions of ‘quality’ and ‘excellence’ have emerged as discursive practices, which serve to perpetuate exclusion. The question then arises as to which forms of capital comprise the Gold Standard at HWUs? Several South African universities have responded to the challenge of recruiting and retaining black academics by initiating programmes for the ‘accelerated development’ of these candidates.
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- Authors: Booi, Masixole , Vincent, Louise , Liccardo, Sabrina
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141946 , vital:38018 , DOI: 10.1080/07294360.2017.1289155
- Description: The post-apartheid higher education transformation project is faced with the challenge of recruiting and retaining black academics and other senior staff. But when we shift the focus from participation rates to equality–inequality within historically white universities (HWUs), then the discourse changes from demographic equity and redress to institutional culture and diversity. HWUs invoke the need to maintain their position as leading higher education institutions globally, and notions of ‘quality’ and ‘excellence’ have emerged as discursive practices, which serve to perpetuate exclusion. The question then arises as to which forms of capital comprise the Gold Standard at HWUs? Several South African universities have responded to the challenge of recruiting and retaining black academics by initiating programmes for the ‘accelerated development’ of these candidates.
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Fibronectin is a stress responsive gene regulated by HSF1 in response to geldanamycin
- Dhanani, Karim C H, Samson, William J, Edkins, Adrienne L
- Authors: Dhanani, Karim C H , Samson, William J , Edkins, Adrienne L
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/59931 , vital:27711 , https://doi:10.1038/s41598-017-18061-y
- Description: Fibronectin is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein with key roles in cell adhesion and migration. Hsp90 binds directly to fibronectin and Hsp90 depletion regulates fibronectin matrix stability. Where inhibition of Hsp90 with a C-terminal inhibitor, novobiocin, reduced the fibronectin matrix, treatment with an N-terminal inhibitor, geldanamycin, increased fibronectin levels. Geldanamycin treatment induced a stress response and a strong dose and time dependent increase in fibronectin mRNA via activation of the fibronectin promoter. Three putative heat shock elements (HSEs) were identified in the fibronectin promoter. Loss of two of these HSEs reduced both basal and geldanamycin-induced promoter activity, as did inhibition of the stress-responsive transcription factor HSF1. Binding of HSF1 to one of the putative HSE was confirmed by ChIP under basal conditions, and occupancy shown to increase with geldanamycin treatment. These data support the hypothesis that fibronectin is stress-responsive and a functional HSF1 target gene. COLA42 and LAMB3 mRNA levels were also increased with geldanamycin indicating that regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) genes by HSF1 may be a wider phenomenon. Taken together, these data have implications for our understanding of ECM dynamics in stress-related diseases in which HSF1 is activated, and where the clinical application of N-terminal Hsp90 inhibitors is intended.
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- Authors: Dhanani, Karim C H , Samson, William J , Edkins, Adrienne L
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/59931 , vital:27711 , https://doi:10.1038/s41598-017-18061-y
- Description: Fibronectin is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein with key roles in cell adhesion and migration. Hsp90 binds directly to fibronectin and Hsp90 depletion regulates fibronectin matrix stability. Where inhibition of Hsp90 with a C-terminal inhibitor, novobiocin, reduced the fibronectin matrix, treatment with an N-terminal inhibitor, geldanamycin, increased fibronectin levels. Geldanamycin treatment induced a stress response and a strong dose and time dependent increase in fibronectin mRNA via activation of the fibronectin promoter. Three putative heat shock elements (HSEs) were identified in the fibronectin promoter. Loss of two of these HSEs reduced both basal and geldanamycin-induced promoter activity, as did inhibition of the stress-responsive transcription factor HSF1. Binding of HSF1 to one of the putative HSE was confirmed by ChIP under basal conditions, and occupancy shown to increase with geldanamycin treatment. These data support the hypothesis that fibronectin is stress-responsive and a functional HSF1 target gene. COLA42 and LAMB3 mRNA levels were also increased with geldanamycin indicating that regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) genes by HSF1 may be a wider phenomenon. Taken together, these data have implications for our understanding of ECM dynamics in stress-related diseases in which HSF1 is activated, and where the clinical application of N-terminal Hsp90 inhibitors is intended.
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Integrating Afrocentric approaches for meaningful learning of science concepts
- Chikunda, Charles, Ngcoza, Kenneth M
- Authors: Chikunda, Charles , Ngcoza, Kenneth M
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/436248 , vital:73252 , ISBN 978-3-319-45989-9 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45989-9_
- Description: Economic and social development in any modern country re-lies heavily on a sound scientific and technological base. Es-sentially, science constitutes an area of any nation’s education system where many of the skills that are needed to stimulate development are learned, such as securing good health, fighting diseases, protecting the environment, farming and de-veloping agriculture and developing new industries and tech-nologies and even building resilience to climate change. There is a need therefore for a country to harness the intellectual and scientific capacity of its young people. Ironically, however, sci-ence (especially physical sciences) is one of the least popular areas within the educational system of most developing countries. Research shows that students’ and especially girls’ low interest in science and their relatively negative attitudes are at least partially attributed to the way science is taught at school.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Chikunda, Charles , Ngcoza, Kenneth M
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/436248 , vital:73252 , ISBN 978-3-319-45989-9 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45989-9_
- Description: Economic and social development in any modern country re-lies heavily on a sound scientific and technological base. Es-sentially, science constitutes an area of any nation’s education system where many of the skills that are needed to stimulate development are learned, such as securing good health, fighting diseases, protecting the environment, farming and de-veloping agriculture and developing new industries and tech-nologies and even building resilience to climate change. There is a need therefore for a country to harness the intellectual and scientific capacity of its young people. Ironically, however, sci-ence (especially physical sciences) is one of the least popular areas within the educational system of most developing countries. Research shows that students’ and especially girls’ low interest in science and their relatively negative attitudes are at least partially attributed to the way science is taught at school.
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Justin Davy of Burning Museum: an interview
- Authors: Dantas, Nancy
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147070 , vital:38590 , https://www.on-curating.org/issue-32-reader/justin-davy-of-the-burning-museum.html#.Xs0mCmgzbIU
- Description: The Burning Museum is an arts collective based in Cape Town, South Africa. This interview is the result of a three-part Skype conversation between Justin Davy of the Burning Museum and Nancy Dantas, an independent curator and researcher with an interest in recovering the neglected and overlooked exhibition histories and practices of the south.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Dantas, Nancy
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147070 , vital:38590 , https://www.on-curating.org/issue-32-reader/justin-davy-of-the-burning-museum.html#.Xs0mCmgzbIU
- Description: The Burning Museum is an arts collective based in Cape Town, South Africa. This interview is the result of a three-part Skype conversation between Justin Davy of the Burning Museum and Nancy Dantas, an independent curator and researcher with an interest in recovering the neglected and overlooked exhibition histories and practices of the south.
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Local people and conservation officials’ perceptions on relationships and conflicts in South African protected areas
- Thondhlana, Gladman, Cundill, Georgina
- Authors: Thondhlana, Gladman , Cundill, Georgina
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/68640 , vital:29300 , https://doi.org/10.1080/21513732.2017.1315742
- Description: Protected areas (PAs) are often conflict-ridden, but conflict resolution mechanisms are often constrained by little appreciation of the perceptions of the principal agents (PA managers and local communities) about such conflicts. Getting local people’s support in PA management efforts is considered important for achieving conservation and livelihood goals. Using data from 13 nature reserves in South Africa, this study explores the perceptions of reserve managers and local communities about their relationships and the existence and underlying causes of conflicts. The findings showed sharp contrasts in perceptions between reserve managers and local communities. Reserve managers generally perceived that there were no conflicts with local communities and that their relationship with them was positive while local communities thought otherwise, claiming conflicts were centred around restricted access to PAs, lack of benefits from PAs and communication problems. These findings have profound implications for conservation, especially considering the importance of getting local people’s support in PA management.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Thondhlana, Gladman , Cundill, Georgina
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/68640 , vital:29300 , https://doi.org/10.1080/21513732.2017.1315742
- Description: Protected areas (PAs) are often conflict-ridden, but conflict resolution mechanisms are often constrained by little appreciation of the perceptions of the principal agents (PA managers and local communities) about such conflicts. Getting local people’s support in PA management efforts is considered important for achieving conservation and livelihood goals. Using data from 13 nature reserves in South Africa, this study explores the perceptions of reserve managers and local communities about their relationships and the existence and underlying causes of conflicts. The findings showed sharp contrasts in perceptions between reserve managers and local communities. Reserve managers generally perceived that there were no conflicts with local communities and that their relationship with them was positive while local communities thought otherwise, claiming conflicts were centred around restricted access to PAs, lack of benefits from PAs and communication problems. These findings have profound implications for conservation, especially considering the importance of getting local people’s support in PA management.
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Riding the waves: Journalism education in post-apartheid South Africa
- Garman, Anthea, Van der Merwe, Mia
- Authors: Garman, Anthea , Van der Merwe, Mia
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/158405 , vital:40181 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1177/1077695817720679
- Description: Since 1994, South African journalism education has undergone waves of introspection about curricula and methods of teaching as educators respond to the challenging realities of the post-apartheid environment. The most recent challenge to journalism educators is the student protests which started at the end of 2015, questioning the high costs of education and demanding “decolonization” of curricula. The traditional alignment with media companies has also been upended as the drastic contraction of newsrooms removes the promise of jobs upon graduation and the swiftly shifting digital terrain rearranges the financial basis of all journalism. These factors introduce a dynamism and uncertainty into South African journalism that educators are compelled to respond to with imagination and principle.
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- Authors: Garman, Anthea , Van der Merwe, Mia
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/158405 , vital:40181 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1177/1077695817720679
- Description: Since 1994, South African journalism education has undergone waves of introspection about curricula and methods of teaching as educators respond to the challenging realities of the post-apartheid environment. The most recent challenge to journalism educators is the student protests which started at the end of 2015, questioning the high costs of education and demanding “decolonization” of curricula. The traditional alignment with media companies has also been upended as the drastic contraction of newsrooms removes the promise of jobs upon graduation and the swiftly shifting digital terrain rearranges the financial basis of all journalism. These factors introduce a dynamism and uncertainty into South African journalism that educators are compelled to respond to with imagination and principle.
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Situated learning in relation to human conduct and social-ecological change
- Authors: O’Donoghue, R
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/436278 , vital:73254 , ISBN 978-3-319-45989-9 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45989-9_2
- Description: This chapter traces how education has developed to provide orientation in a modern world that is characterised by emerging risk. It examines how ESD initially developed as a modernist process to enable social reorientation and has been centred on problem-solving engagement in relation to issues and risk. The intractable complexity of most social-ecological problems has meant that change-orientated and transformative imagi-naries arising in learning are not easily realised in tangible change to resolve the problems at hand. The chapter thus poses the question, “Is ESD as situated learning with trans-gressive social-ecological reorientation possible?” To address this question, the study reviews ESD as a reflexive social process in modernity and tracks some of the expansive trajectories in the developing field over the last 10 years of the UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development in Southern Africa.
- Full Text:
- Authors: O’Donoghue, R
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/436278 , vital:73254 , ISBN 978-3-319-45989-9 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45989-9_2
- Description: This chapter traces how education has developed to provide orientation in a modern world that is characterised by emerging risk. It examines how ESD initially developed as a modernist process to enable social reorientation and has been centred on problem-solving engagement in relation to issues and risk. The intractable complexity of most social-ecological problems has meant that change-orientated and transformative imagi-naries arising in learning are not easily realised in tangible change to resolve the problems at hand. The chapter thus poses the question, “Is ESD as situated learning with trans-gressive social-ecological reorientation possible?” To address this question, the study reviews ESD as a reflexive social process in modernity and tracks some of the expansive trajectories in the developing field over the last 10 years of the UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development in Southern Africa.
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