An investigation of the teaching of reading in isiXhosa in three Grade 1 classrooms in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Magadla, Noluthando
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/63408 , vital:28408
- Full Text: false
- Authors: Magadla, Noluthando
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/63408 , vital:28408
- Full Text: false
A comparative study of syllables and morphemes as literacy processing units in word recognition: IsiXhosa and SeTswana
- Authors: Probert, Tracy Nicole
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/3266 , vital:20415
- Description: Word recognition is a core foundation of reading (Invenizzi and Hayes 2010) and involves interactions of language skills, metalinguistic skills and orthography. The extent of the interaction with one another in reading has yet to be fully explored, especially in the Southern-Bantu languages. This comparative study of isiXhosa and Setswana explores this three-way interaction between language skills (effect of Language of Learning and Teaching (LoLT)), metalinguistic skills (Phonological and Morphological Awareness) and orthography (conjunctivism vs. disjunctivism). This thesis is novel in three respects, (a) a set of linguistic-informed reading measures were developed in isiXhosa and Setswana for the first-time, (b) to my knowledge, the comparisons made and study of Morphological Awareness in the Southern-Bantu languages have never been done, and (c) the use of d-prime as a way of testing for grain size in reading is an innovative approach. Grade 3 and Grade 4 learners were tested on four independent linguistic tasks: an open-ended decomposition task, a Phonological Awareness task, a Morphological Awareness task and an independent reading measure. These tasks were administered to determine the grain size unit (Ziegler and Goswami 2005, Ziegler et al. 2001) which learners use in word recognition, with the grain sizes of syllables and morphemes being studied. Results showed that syllables were the dominant grain size in both isiXhosa and Setswana, with morphemes as secondary grains in isiXhosa. Grain size differed slightly between the two orthographies. These results are reflected in the scores on the metalinguistic tasks. LoLT was not shown to have a significant impact on word recognition in first-language reading. The Psycholinguistic Grain Size Theory (PGST) was found to be the most applicable model of word recognition to the Southern- Bantu languages, as opposed to the Dual-Route Cascade Model and Orthographic Depth Hypothesis. This thesis concludes with suggested adaptations to this theory in order to allow for morpheme grain size to be included. This study has implications for teaching practice and curriculum design, and contributes to a broader understanding of literacy in the foundation phase in the Southern-Bantu languages.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Probert, Tracy Nicole
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/3266 , vital:20415
- Description: Word recognition is a core foundation of reading (Invenizzi and Hayes 2010) and involves interactions of language skills, metalinguistic skills and orthography. The extent of the interaction with one another in reading has yet to be fully explored, especially in the Southern-Bantu languages. This comparative study of isiXhosa and Setswana explores this three-way interaction between language skills (effect of Language of Learning and Teaching (LoLT)), metalinguistic skills (Phonological and Morphological Awareness) and orthography (conjunctivism vs. disjunctivism). This thesis is novel in three respects, (a) a set of linguistic-informed reading measures were developed in isiXhosa and Setswana for the first-time, (b) to my knowledge, the comparisons made and study of Morphological Awareness in the Southern-Bantu languages have never been done, and (c) the use of d-prime as a way of testing for grain size in reading is an innovative approach. Grade 3 and Grade 4 learners were tested on four independent linguistic tasks: an open-ended decomposition task, a Phonological Awareness task, a Morphological Awareness task and an independent reading measure. These tasks were administered to determine the grain size unit (Ziegler and Goswami 2005, Ziegler et al. 2001) which learners use in word recognition, with the grain sizes of syllables and morphemes being studied. Results showed that syllables were the dominant grain size in both isiXhosa and Setswana, with morphemes as secondary grains in isiXhosa. Grain size differed slightly between the two orthographies. These results are reflected in the scores on the metalinguistic tasks. LoLT was not shown to have a significant impact on word recognition in first-language reading. The Psycholinguistic Grain Size Theory (PGST) was found to be the most applicable model of word recognition to the Southern- Bantu languages, as opposed to the Dual-Route Cascade Model and Orthographic Depth Hypothesis. This thesis concludes with suggested adaptations to this theory in order to allow for morpheme grain size to be included. This study has implications for teaching practice and curriculum design, and contributes to a broader understanding of literacy in the foundation phase in the Southern-Bantu languages.
- Full Text:
The role of civil society in advancing education rights : the case of Gadra Education, Grahamstown, South Africa
- Authors: Msindo, Esteri Makotore
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Gadra Education (Grahamstown, South Africa) , Right to education -- South Africa , State departments of education -- South Africa , Educational change -- South Africa , Social justice -- South Africa , Civil society -- South Africa , Social contract
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:3392 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016500
- Description: This thesis has identified and analysed the role of an NGO called Gadra Education in advancing education rights to the less advantaged people of Grahamstown in South Africa. Gadra Education’s role has been identified as twofold. Firstly as an educational NGO, Gadra Education’s initiatives directly impact on the lives of the less economically and socially privileged learners who, due to their previous learning environment in state schools, do not achieve academic results that ensure entry into tertiary level. Secondly its role is identified in its nature as an organisation that emerged due to the deficiencies in the state schooling system. It therefore stands de facto as a critical institution for critique of the state’s education system. The thesis concludes that without confronting the Department of Education or collaborating with it, Gadra Education offers a significant alternative approach which can potentially influence the state to improve the state schooling system. Its strategy of non-confrontation to the state, informal and non-corporatist is advantageous as an NGO that focuses on the actual provision of education. It focuses on instilling Ubuntu values of sharing and giving that are of critical significance in teaching and learning. The context of the thesis is located broadly within socio-economic rights and specifically on education rights. In South Africa where the state has not adequately met the educational obligations for the economically and socially less privileged citizens, the emergence of educational NGOs that focus on providing education to the poor is of vital importance. Although other NGOs that confront the state are important in pushing the state to deliver especially on school infrastructure, teacher deployment and other educational challenges, Gadra Education model ensures academic success for the learner. Lessons can be drawn from Gadra Education which can be potentially useful to state schools and other NGOs that seek to advance education rights to disadvantaged communities.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Msindo, Esteri Makotore
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Gadra Education (Grahamstown, South Africa) , Right to education -- South Africa , State departments of education -- South Africa , Educational change -- South Africa , Social justice -- South Africa , Civil society -- South Africa , Social contract
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:3392 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016500
- Description: This thesis has identified and analysed the role of an NGO called Gadra Education in advancing education rights to the less advantaged people of Grahamstown in South Africa. Gadra Education’s role has been identified as twofold. Firstly as an educational NGO, Gadra Education’s initiatives directly impact on the lives of the less economically and socially privileged learners who, due to their previous learning environment in state schools, do not achieve academic results that ensure entry into tertiary level. Secondly its role is identified in its nature as an organisation that emerged due to the deficiencies in the state schooling system. It therefore stands de facto as a critical institution for critique of the state’s education system. The thesis concludes that without confronting the Department of Education or collaborating with it, Gadra Education offers a significant alternative approach which can potentially influence the state to improve the state schooling system. Its strategy of non-confrontation to the state, informal and non-corporatist is advantageous as an NGO that focuses on the actual provision of education. It focuses on instilling Ubuntu values of sharing and giving that are of critical significance in teaching and learning. The context of the thesis is located broadly within socio-economic rights and specifically on education rights. In South Africa where the state has not adequately met the educational obligations for the economically and socially less privileged citizens, the emergence of educational NGOs that focus on providing education to the poor is of vital importance. Although other NGOs that confront the state are important in pushing the state to deliver especially on school infrastructure, teacher deployment and other educational challenges, Gadra Education model ensures academic success for the learner. Lessons can be drawn from Gadra Education which can be potentially useful to state schools and other NGOs that seek to advance education rights to disadvantaged communities.
- Full Text:
The mindful therapist: an interpretive phenomenological analysis of mindfulness meditation and the therapeutic alliance
- Authors: Gillitt, Tarryn
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy Meditation -- Therapeutic use Psychotherapy Counseling psychology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2982 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002491
- Description: The aim of this study was to present and understand therapists’ experiences of the impact of their mindfulness meditation practice on their role in the therapeutic alliance. The topic emerged in response to extant research recommendations and researcher observations of the compatibility between mindfulness meditation outcomes and the demands on therapists for establishing effective alliances with clients. The study adopted an interpretive phenomenological analysis strategy located within the qualitative paradigm, and thus a small sample of therapists practicing mindfulness meditation were selected and interviewed on their experiences using semi-structured interviewing. Data were analysed for meaning units, which were then interpreted inductively and hermeneutically and categorized into superordinate themes. Three superordinate themes within participants’ experiences of how their mindfulness meditation practice impacts upon their role in the alliance were determined, namely: ‘self-care’; ‘insight into the structure of selfhood’; and ‘immediate mindfulness meditation during therapy’. This study found these experiences capacitated participants with compassionate interpersonal affects used for creating secure bonds with clients; skills for accurate empathic understanding; and skills and attitudes for working collaboratively with clients. Should future research confirm these findings, mindfulness meditation may be used as a tool to developed alliance formation abilities for therapists in training. Importantly, findings from this project called for a more comprehensive integration of theoretical positions on the construct of mindfulness meditation.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Gillitt, Tarryn
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy Meditation -- Therapeutic use Psychotherapy Counseling psychology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2982 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002491
- Description: The aim of this study was to present and understand therapists’ experiences of the impact of their mindfulness meditation practice on their role in the therapeutic alliance. The topic emerged in response to extant research recommendations and researcher observations of the compatibility between mindfulness meditation outcomes and the demands on therapists for establishing effective alliances with clients. The study adopted an interpretive phenomenological analysis strategy located within the qualitative paradigm, and thus a small sample of therapists practicing mindfulness meditation were selected and interviewed on their experiences using semi-structured interviewing. Data were analysed for meaning units, which were then interpreted inductively and hermeneutically and categorized into superordinate themes. Three superordinate themes within participants’ experiences of how their mindfulness meditation practice impacts upon their role in the alliance were determined, namely: ‘self-care’; ‘insight into the structure of selfhood’; and ‘immediate mindfulness meditation during therapy’. This study found these experiences capacitated participants with compassionate interpersonal affects used for creating secure bonds with clients; skills for accurate empathic understanding; and skills and attitudes for working collaboratively with clients. Should future research confirm these findings, mindfulness meditation may be used as a tool to developed alliance formation abilities for therapists in training. Importantly, findings from this project called for a more comprehensive integration of theoretical positions on the construct of mindfulness meditation.
- Full Text:
A situational analysis on the public participation processes in integrated water resources management in the Kat River Valley, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Naidoo, Merle
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: South Africa. Dept. of Water Affairs and Forestry , Water-supply -- South Africa -- Kat River Valley , Water quality management -- South Africa -- Kat River Valley , Water-supply -- Government policy -- South Africa -- Kat River Valley , Water resources development -- South Africa -- Kat River Valley , Integrated water development -- South Africa -- Kat River Valley , Rural development -- South Africa -- Kat River Valley
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4854 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005530 , South Africa. Dept. of Water Affairs and Forestry , Water-supply -- South Africa -- Kat River Valley , Water quality management -- South Africa -- Kat River Valley , Water-supply -- Government policy -- South Africa -- Kat River Valley , Water resources development -- South Africa -- Kat River Valley , Integrated water development -- South Africa -- Kat River Valley , Rural development -- South Africa -- Kat River Valley
- Description: Public participation in water management processes is one of the internationally recognised and adopted principles of Integrated Water Resource Management. The South African Department of Water Affairs and Forestry aims to facilitate the decentralisation of water management powers to the local community level via the establishment of regional and local water management institutions, namely Catchment Management Agencies, Water User Associations and Catchment Forums. The National Water Act (No. 36 of 1998) acknowledges that the discriminatory laws and practices of the past have prevented equal access to water and the use of water resources. The contribution of water management institutions to social and economic development, in particular poverty eradication and food security, is mentioned in the water act. The participation of poor rural communities living in the Kat valley, an area where an elite minority reap the benefits of water use for agriculture, is the focus of this research. Their participation, perceptions and experiences are documented and explored to determine how the promulgation of post-apartheid water policy and legislation has affected their access to water. The results of this research are based on data collected from several methods including surveys, workshops and observation. Analysis of these data revealed the complicated and stagnant nature of participation from Kat valley rural communities in local water management initiatives and organisations. Existing water management organisations were not successful in stimulating poor people’s participation as they were unable to address their primary concerns, namely a secure source of potable water, employment and access to water for agricultural purposes. This thesis asserts that the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, as the custodian of South Africa’s water resources, has not taken on a supportive, accountable role in assisting marginalised communities with improving their access to water for domestic purposes and securing access to water rights for productive use. This, in turn, has led to dissatisfaction among these communities and a wariness of participatory activities that focus mainly on raising environmental awareness. The establishment of effective accountability relationships among all stakeholders, pro-poor water management structures and initiatives, as well as integrated and co-operative management of natural resources, are needed to revitalise the present participation of poor communities living in rural areas.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Naidoo, Merle
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: South Africa. Dept. of Water Affairs and Forestry , Water-supply -- South Africa -- Kat River Valley , Water quality management -- South Africa -- Kat River Valley , Water-supply -- Government policy -- South Africa -- Kat River Valley , Water resources development -- South Africa -- Kat River Valley , Integrated water development -- South Africa -- Kat River Valley , Rural development -- South Africa -- Kat River Valley
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4854 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005530 , South Africa. Dept. of Water Affairs and Forestry , Water-supply -- South Africa -- Kat River Valley , Water quality management -- South Africa -- Kat River Valley , Water-supply -- Government policy -- South Africa -- Kat River Valley , Water resources development -- South Africa -- Kat River Valley , Integrated water development -- South Africa -- Kat River Valley , Rural development -- South Africa -- Kat River Valley
- Description: Public participation in water management processes is one of the internationally recognised and adopted principles of Integrated Water Resource Management. The South African Department of Water Affairs and Forestry aims to facilitate the decentralisation of water management powers to the local community level via the establishment of regional and local water management institutions, namely Catchment Management Agencies, Water User Associations and Catchment Forums. The National Water Act (No. 36 of 1998) acknowledges that the discriminatory laws and practices of the past have prevented equal access to water and the use of water resources. The contribution of water management institutions to social and economic development, in particular poverty eradication and food security, is mentioned in the water act. The participation of poor rural communities living in the Kat valley, an area where an elite minority reap the benefits of water use for agriculture, is the focus of this research. Their participation, perceptions and experiences are documented and explored to determine how the promulgation of post-apartheid water policy and legislation has affected their access to water. The results of this research are based on data collected from several methods including surveys, workshops and observation. Analysis of these data revealed the complicated and stagnant nature of participation from Kat valley rural communities in local water management initiatives and organisations. Existing water management organisations were not successful in stimulating poor people’s participation as they were unable to address their primary concerns, namely a secure source of potable water, employment and access to water for agricultural purposes. This thesis asserts that the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, as the custodian of South Africa’s water resources, has not taken on a supportive, accountable role in assisting marginalised communities with improving their access to water for domestic purposes and securing access to water rights for productive use. This, in turn, has led to dissatisfaction among these communities and a wariness of participatory activities that focus mainly on raising environmental awareness. The establishment of effective accountability relationships among all stakeholders, pro-poor water management structures and initiatives, as well as integrated and co-operative management of natural resources, are needed to revitalise the present participation of poor communities living in rural areas.
- Full Text:
An investigation of the sustainability of the Imbewu Project at Phiwe Primary School
- Authors: Maselana, Thobeka
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Education -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Sustainable development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Project method in teaching -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape School improvement programs -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Case studies Educational change -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Education and state -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1924 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007509
- Description: Sustainable development and projects are relatively new terms In the South African context. This study explores these concepts as they relate to a school that is piloting a project in the Eastern Cape. A number of projects have been introduced in disadvantaged schools to redress imbalances of the past. Funders invest a lot of money, but when they leave, schools struggle to sustain these initiatives. This study aims to investigate whether the Imbewu Project, an educational development pilot project meant to improve schools in the Eastern Cape, made provision for long-term sustainability and whether the school sustained the project. Very little research seems to have been conducted on sustainability, especially in South Africa (SA). The study is conducted in the interpretive paradigm. A single case study involving a number of stakeholders at Phiwe Primary School (PPS) was conducted through observations, interviews, focus groups and document analysis. The study found that the action research strategy intended for the project was constrained by the limited time allowed. In addition, the approach did not address processes which are important for sustainability. Also, the cascade approach to learning is not successful in organisations that have not reached the status of being learning organisations. PPS is still struggling to change its culture and therefore one can say that they cannot sustain the changes that are brought by the project. Firstly, they did not involve the parents in most modules as the project suggested. Secondly, some facilitators did not understand the project. Thirdly, although the project provided for monitoring and support, the study found that there was inadequate support from the project team and district officials. There was a shortage of district officials because the Eastern Cape Department of Education did not invest in appointing people that could sustain the project. However, there are areas where the school is doing an outstanding job despite the fact that there was very little support. The school performed well in implementing and sustaining the project in the following areas: learner welfare, community involvement and involvement of staff members in committees.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Maselana, Thobeka
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Education -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Sustainable development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Project method in teaching -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape School improvement programs -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Case studies Educational change -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Education and state -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1924 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007509
- Description: Sustainable development and projects are relatively new terms In the South African context. This study explores these concepts as they relate to a school that is piloting a project in the Eastern Cape. A number of projects have been introduced in disadvantaged schools to redress imbalances of the past. Funders invest a lot of money, but when they leave, schools struggle to sustain these initiatives. This study aims to investigate whether the Imbewu Project, an educational development pilot project meant to improve schools in the Eastern Cape, made provision for long-term sustainability and whether the school sustained the project. Very little research seems to have been conducted on sustainability, especially in South Africa (SA). The study is conducted in the interpretive paradigm. A single case study involving a number of stakeholders at Phiwe Primary School (PPS) was conducted through observations, interviews, focus groups and document analysis. The study found that the action research strategy intended for the project was constrained by the limited time allowed. In addition, the approach did not address processes which are important for sustainability. Also, the cascade approach to learning is not successful in organisations that have not reached the status of being learning organisations. PPS is still struggling to change its culture and therefore one can say that they cannot sustain the changes that are brought by the project. Firstly, they did not involve the parents in most modules as the project suggested. Secondly, some facilitators did not understand the project. Thirdly, although the project provided for monitoring and support, the study found that there was inadequate support from the project team and district officials. There was a shortage of district officials because the Eastern Cape Department of Education did not invest in appointing people that could sustain the project. However, there are areas where the school is doing an outstanding job despite the fact that there was very little support. The school performed well in implementing and sustaining the project in the following areas: learner welfare, community involvement and involvement of staff members in committees.
- Full Text:
Dynamics of early stage fishes associated with selected warm temperate estuaries in South Africa
- Authors: Strydom, Nadine Amelia
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Estuarine fishes -- South Africa Fishes -- Infancy -- South Africa Estuarine ecology -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5262 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005106
- Description: Early stage fishes, namely larvae and early juveniles, were collected from 12 estuaries and associated habitats in the warm temperate region of South Africa between July 1998 and December 2000. This study served to provide new information and expand on existing knowledge of early stage fish assemblages associated with various types of Eastern Cape estuaries. A total of 65 536 predominantly postflexion fish larvae were collected. Together with early juveniles, taxa comprised 72 species from 25 teleost fish families. Surf zones associated with two intermittently open estuaries showed that estuary-dependent marine species predominated in this zone. Early stage fishes responded positively during natural estuary opening events and concentrated along the estuary outflow plume, suggesting that cueing from estuary and/or river water may be taking place. A habitat study in the Swartkops Estuary, using light traps, showed that newly recruited larval fishes concentrated along the margins of the estuary and unlike their older juvenile counterparts, were poorly represented in eelgrass beds. A multi-estuary comparison, including seven permanently open and five intermittently open estuaries, indicated that early stage fish assemblages were more diverse than indicated by past investigations. Early stage fishes were also shown to concentrate in the mesohaline regions of these estuaries. Studies of estuaries with altered freshwater flow regimes were also included in the research. A regulated release of dam water in the euhaline Kromme Estuary failed to induce a cueing response from estuary-dependent marine fish larvae. This project showed that large amounts of freshwater are required to reverse the negative effects of river impoundments. The release study did show that estuary-resident fishes were sensitive to small natural pulses of freshwater and responded by spawning. However, excessive river supply through an inter-basin water transfer scheme was shown to have a flushing effect on the larvae and early juveniles of the estuary-resident Gilchristella aestuaria in the upper reaches of the Great Fish Estuary. This effect was evident in comparisons with the freshwater starved Kariega Estuary where concentrations of G. aestuaria, a species usually more abundant in freshwater rich estuaries, were considerably higher. This finding suggests that freshwater minima and maxima be considered when assessing and managing estuarine systems.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Strydom, Nadine Amelia
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Estuarine fishes -- South Africa Fishes -- Infancy -- South Africa Estuarine ecology -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5262 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005106
- Description: Early stage fishes, namely larvae and early juveniles, were collected from 12 estuaries and associated habitats in the warm temperate region of South Africa between July 1998 and December 2000. This study served to provide new information and expand on existing knowledge of early stage fish assemblages associated with various types of Eastern Cape estuaries. A total of 65 536 predominantly postflexion fish larvae were collected. Together with early juveniles, taxa comprised 72 species from 25 teleost fish families. Surf zones associated with two intermittently open estuaries showed that estuary-dependent marine species predominated in this zone. Early stage fishes responded positively during natural estuary opening events and concentrated along the estuary outflow plume, suggesting that cueing from estuary and/or river water may be taking place. A habitat study in the Swartkops Estuary, using light traps, showed that newly recruited larval fishes concentrated along the margins of the estuary and unlike their older juvenile counterparts, were poorly represented in eelgrass beds. A multi-estuary comparison, including seven permanently open and five intermittently open estuaries, indicated that early stage fish assemblages were more diverse than indicated by past investigations. Early stage fishes were also shown to concentrate in the mesohaline regions of these estuaries. Studies of estuaries with altered freshwater flow regimes were also included in the research. A regulated release of dam water in the euhaline Kromme Estuary failed to induce a cueing response from estuary-dependent marine fish larvae. This project showed that large amounts of freshwater are required to reverse the negative effects of river impoundments. The release study did show that estuary-resident fishes were sensitive to small natural pulses of freshwater and responded by spawning. However, excessive river supply through an inter-basin water transfer scheme was shown to have a flushing effect on the larvae and early juveniles of the estuary-resident Gilchristella aestuaria in the upper reaches of the Great Fish Estuary. This effect was evident in comparisons with the freshwater starved Kariega Estuary where concentrations of G. aestuaria, a species usually more abundant in freshwater rich estuaries, were considerably higher. This finding suggests that freshwater minima and maxima be considered when assessing and managing estuarine systems.
- Full Text:
Negotiating a comprehensive long-term relationship between South Africa and the European Union: from free trade to trade and development
- Authors: Cross, Peter John
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Economic development -- South Africa -- 1994- , European Economic Community , European Economic Community countries -- Foreign economic relations -- South Africa , South Africa -- Foreign relations -- European Economic Community countries
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2768 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002978 , Economic development -- South Africa -- 1994- , European Economic Community , European Economic Community countries -- Foreign economic relations -- South Africa , South Africa -- Foreign relations -- European Economic Community countries
- Description: On 10 May 1994 the European Union offeredSouth Africa a package of measures to ... send a strong political signal to the incoming govemment and to the South African population, thus proving its firm determination to support the transition towards democracy and its willingness to contribute to the reconstruction and economic development of South Africa after the elections. This package consisted of two parts: 1. A series of short term implementations to take place with immediate effect to help South Africa's development and transition, and 2. An offer to negotiate a comprehensive long-term relationship with South Africa should the new government so request. South Africa accepted the European Union's offer to negotiate a long-term relationship, and in response requested membership of the structure governing the Union's relations with the rest of the countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in the Caribbean and Pacific, namely the Lomé Convention. Due to various incompatibilities South Africa was not allowed to join this organisation. In its place the European Union offered to negotiate an agreement with South Africa that would lead to a Free Trade Area. This agreement was in keeping with the rules as laid down by the World Trade Organisation. It envisaged the lowering of tariffs and trade barriers between the Union and South Africa over a period not exceeding 12 years, allowing for asymmetry in terms of time constraints in implementation only. South Africa saw this type of agreement as inconsistent with the desire expressed by the European Union to support the countries development and the integration of the Southern African region. In its place South Africa proposed a new concept in trade agreement, this concept, known as the Trade and Development Agreement, embodied both trade liberalisation and support for development. This agreement would introduce a new paradigm of thought to govern trade between developed countries and developing countries within the World Trade Organisation's rules. This paper explores the events that unfolded in these negotiations. It attempts to discover whether, in the current global environment, it is possible, or beneficial, for the developed world to act in an altruistic manner towards another state in order to assist its development.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Cross, Peter John
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Economic development -- South Africa -- 1994- , European Economic Community , European Economic Community countries -- Foreign economic relations -- South Africa , South Africa -- Foreign relations -- European Economic Community countries
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2768 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002978 , Economic development -- South Africa -- 1994- , European Economic Community , European Economic Community countries -- Foreign economic relations -- South Africa , South Africa -- Foreign relations -- European Economic Community countries
- Description: On 10 May 1994 the European Union offeredSouth Africa a package of measures to ... send a strong political signal to the incoming govemment and to the South African population, thus proving its firm determination to support the transition towards democracy and its willingness to contribute to the reconstruction and economic development of South Africa after the elections. This package consisted of two parts: 1. A series of short term implementations to take place with immediate effect to help South Africa's development and transition, and 2. An offer to negotiate a comprehensive long-term relationship with South Africa should the new government so request. South Africa accepted the European Union's offer to negotiate a long-term relationship, and in response requested membership of the structure governing the Union's relations with the rest of the countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in the Caribbean and Pacific, namely the Lomé Convention. Due to various incompatibilities South Africa was not allowed to join this organisation. In its place the European Union offered to negotiate an agreement with South Africa that would lead to a Free Trade Area. This agreement was in keeping with the rules as laid down by the World Trade Organisation. It envisaged the lowering of tariffs and trade barriers between the Union and South Africa over a period not exceeding 12 years, allowing for asymmetry in terms of time constraints in implementation only. South Africa saw this type of agreement as inconsistent with the desire expressed by the European Union to support the countries development and the integration of the Southern African region. In its place South Africa proposed a new concept in trade agreement, this concept, known as the Trade and Development Agreement, embodied both trade liberalisation and support for development. This agreement would introduce a new paradigm of thought to govern trade between developed countries and developing countries within the World Trade Organisation's rules. This paper explores the events that unfolded in these negotiations. It attempts to discover whether, in the current global environment, it is possible, or beneficial, for the developed world to act in an altruistic manner towards another state in order to assist its development.
- Full Text:
Structural studies on the capsular antigens of some Escherichia coli serotypes
- Authors: Leslie, Margaret Ruth
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Escherichia Polysaccharides Antigens Enterobacteriaceae
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3767 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003245
- Description: The research presented in this thesis forms part of an on-going collaborative programme concerned with the determination of the chemical structures of the surface antigens of bacteria belonging to genera within the family Enterobacteriaceae. Bacteria of this family are opportunistic pathogens and are frequently responsible for serious infections in animals and man. Surface antigens produced by virulent strains are largely polysaccharides and occur as lipopolysaccharides (the O-antigens) and capsular polysaccharides (the K-antigens) respectively. The extracellular polysaccharide antigens expressed by strains of the species Escherichia coli are of considerable . interest due to their effect on immunological processes and the relationship which exists between their chemical structure and virulence. To date, some seventy-four K-antigens have been distinguished serologically within the species E. coli and structures have been determined for most of these. The K-antigens of E. coli are structurally diverse and exhibit serological cross-reactivity with other pathogenic bacteria. The structures of five previously unstudied E. coli K-antigens, viz. those produced by serotypes 020:K1 01 :H-, 08:K45:H9, 08:K50:H-, 0101 :K1 03:H-, and 08:K43:H11, are presented in this thesis. A variety of chemical techniques has been employed in the structural analysis, and these are discussed. Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic techniques proved invaluable for the structural elucidation of these complex carbohydrates, and high-field NMR spectroscopy alone was used in the analysis of the K43 antigen. Structural analysis of the K1 03 antigen was facilitated by specific enzymatic degradation, using a bacteriophage-borne endoglycanase. The K45 antigen was found to contain the unusual sugar 3-acetamido-3,6-dideoxygalactopyranose, while the K50 and K103 antigens join a minority group of polysaccharides which contain pyruvate as their only acidic component.
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- Authors: Leslie, Margaret Ruth
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Escherichia Polysaccharides Antigens Enterobacteriaceae
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3767 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003245
- Description: The research presented in this thesis forms part of an on-going collaborative programme concerned with the determination of the chemical structures of the surface antigens of bacteria belonging to genera within the family Enterobacteriaceae. Bacteria of this family are opportunistic pathogens and are frequently responsible for serious infections in animals and man. Surface antigens produced by virulent strains are largely polysaccharides and occur as lipopolysaccharides (the O-antigens) and capsular polysaccharides (the K-antigens) respectively. The extracellular polysaccharide antigens expressed by strains of the species Escherichia coli are of considerable . interest due to their effect on immunological processes and the relationship which exists between their chemical structure and virulence. To date, some seventy-four K-antigens have been distinguished serologically within the species E. coli and structures have been determined for most of these. The K-antigens of E. coli are structurally diverse and exhibit serological cross-reactivity with other pathogenic bacteria. The structures of five previously unstudied E. coli K-antigens, viz. those produced by serotypes 020:K1 01 :H-, 08:K45:H9, 08:K50:H-, 0101 :K1 03:H-, and 08:K43:H11, are presented in this thesis. A variety of chemical techniques has been employed in the structural analysis, and these are discussed. Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic techniques proved invaluable for the structural elucidation of these complex carbohydrates, and high-field NMR spectroscopy alone was used in the analysis of the K43 antigen. Structural analysis of the K1 03 antigen was facilitated by specific enzymatic degradation, using a bacteriophage-borne endoglycanase. The K45 antigen was found to contain the unusual sugar 3-acetamido-3,6-dideoxygalactopyranose, while the K50 and K103 antigens join a minority group of polysaccharides which contain pyruvate as their only acidic component.
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Family planning : an evaluative study on the attitudes and use of contraceptives by black males in Umtata
- Authors: Madikizela, Nosinodi Alicia
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Birth control -- South Africa -- Transkei , Transkei (South Africa) -- Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:3278 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006454 , Birth control -- South Africa -- Transkei , Transkei (South Africa) -- Social conditions
- Description: The purpose of this study is to identify, observe and record the attitudes and use to of contraceptives by black males in Umtata and to investigate the effect of education, urbanisation and age on fertility control. Data was gathered from a sample of adult males who were past the school going age and were employed or working in Umtata and its surburbs, which are Ngangelizwe, Ikwezi, Southernwood, Northcrest, Norwood, Ncambedlana, Nduli Crescent, Fortgale and Hill Crest. Information was also gathered from Nursing officers in charge of family planning service centres in the areas mentioned above. Findings reveal that, although black urbanised educated males in Umtata seem to have accepted the use of contraceptives by themselves and their sexual partners, their patterns of behaviour in relation to fertility control and the value of children to families remains traditional. This contributes to the relatively high fertility rate in the country. Children are an investment for old age. They are also regarded as a security factor against divorce. It is the duty of legally married couples to raise a family with children who will continue to bear the family name. It appears that men are either suspicious of modern contraception if not totally opposed to it. Many still prefer the use of natural methods of contraception. There is thus need for social workers and health planners to recognise and educate males on the use and benefits of modern contraceptives to limit the number of children borne and control periods when they would like to have children. This study will be of value to social welfare services and to family planning nurses who are in direct contact with clients in hospitals and clinics, in their family planning campaigns, when they motivate couples and individuals on the importance of family planning, and also in mother-and-child health services. Educationists, sociologists, psychologists and persons in other fields of study will also benefit from information attained in this survey.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Madikizela, Nosinodi Alicia
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Birth control -- South Africa -- Transkei , Transkei (South Africa) -- Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:3278 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006454 , Birth control -- South Africa -- Transkei , Transkei (South Africa) -- Social conditions
- Description: The purpose of this study is to identify, observe and record the attitudes and use to of contraceptives by black males in Umtata and to investigate the effect of education, urbanisation and age on fertility control. Data was gathered from a sample of adult males who were past the school going age and were employed or working in Umtata and its surburbs, which are Ngangelizwe, Ikwezi, Southernwood, Northcrest, Norwood, Ncambedlana, Nduli Crescent, Fortgale and Hill Crest. Information was also gathered from Nursing officers in charge of family planning service centres in the areas mentioned above. Findings reveal that, although black urbanised educated males in Umtata seem to have accepted the use of contraceptives by themselves and their sexual partners, their patterns of behaviour in relation to fertility control and the value of children to families remains traditional. This contributes to the relatively high fertility rate in the country. Children are an investment for old age. They are also regarded as a security factor against divorce. It is the duty of legally married couples to raise a family with children who will continue to bear the family name. It appears that men are either suspicious of modern contraception if not totally opposed to it. Many still prefer the use of natural methods of contraception. There is thus need for social workers and health planners to recognise and educate males on the use and benefits of modern contraceptives to limit the number of children borne and control periods when they would like to have children. This study will be of value to social welfare services and to family planning nurses who are in direct contact with clients in hospitals and clinics, in their family planning campaigns, when they motivate couples and individuals on the importance of family planning, and also in mother-and-child health services. Educationists, sociologists, psychologists and persons in other fields of study will also benefit from information attained in this survey.
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An automatic programming system to generate payroll programs
- Fielding, Elizabeth Vera Catherine
- Authors: Fielding, Elizabeth Vera Catherine
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Computer software -- Development , Programming (computers) , Software architecture
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4695 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011829 , Computer software -- Development , Programming (computers) , Software architecture
- Description: The purpose of this project was to try to investigate one approach to the problem of automatically generating programs from some specification. Rather than following the approach which requires the user to define his problem using some formulation, it was decided to look at a class of problems that have similar solutions, but have many variations, and to try to design a system capable of obtaining user requirements and generating solutions tailored to these requirements. The aim was to design the system in such a way that it could be extended to cater for other classes of problems, so that eventually a system which could automatically generate program solutions for a range of problems might be developed. Intro. p. 1.
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- Authors: Fielding, Elizabeth Vera Catherine
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Computer software -- Development , Programming (computers) , Software architecture
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4695 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011829 , Computer software -- Development , Programming (computers) , Software architecture
- Description: The purpose of this project was to try to investigate one approach to the problem of automatically generating programs from some specification. Rather than following the approach which requires the user to define his problem using some formulation, it was decided to look at a class of problems that have similar solutions, but have many variations, and to try to design a system capable of obtaining user requirements and generating solutions tailored to these requirements. The aim was to design the system in such a way that it could be extended to cater for other classes of problems, so that eventually a system which could automatically generate program solutions for a range of problems might be developed. Intro. p. 1.
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The geology of the Vaal Reefs Gold Mine, Western Transvaal
- Authors: Jacob, Roger E
- Date: 1966
- Subjects: Vaal reefs gold mine , Gold ores -- Geology -- South Africa -- Transvaal. , Geology -- South Africa -- Transvaal
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5078 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015171
- Description: Rocks forming part of the Main-Bird Series and the Kimberley-Elsburg Series of the Upper Division of the Witwatersrand System are found in the mine. The sequence studied starts with the Middle or MB 6 Zone of the Livingstone Stage followed by the Upper or MB 5 Zone. The Vaal Roof, forming the base of the Vaal Stage, rests disconformably on the older rocks. The Stage is subdivided into the Vaal Reef Zone, the Lower Vaal Zone, the Argillaceous Zone and the Upper Vaal Zone. The lower and upper contacts of the Argillaceous Zone are gradational. The Kimberley Stage follows unconformably and comprises the basal Gold Estates Conglomerate Zone, the Denny's Zone and the Gold Estates Zone. The overlying Elsburg Stage may be subdivided into the Bastard Zone and the Upper Elsburg Zone on lithological grounds. Most of the rocks are indurated quartz wackes with only a few orthoquartzite horizons such as the Denny's Zone and the immediate hangingwall of the Vaal Reef. Microscopically the rocks consist of detrital quartz and chert grains in a fine-grained sericitic to partly siliceous matrix which may constitute more than 50 per cent of the rock. Heavy minerals, such as zircon, chromite, rutile, leucoxone, pyrite, tourmaline, epidete, apetite and magnetite, occur in most of the zones. The Vaal Reef, the economic horizon, is of small-pebble, oligomictic conglomerate, often containing thucholite seams and granules, and varying in thickness from a mere parting to more than five feet. There appears to be a correlation between greater pebble size and higher ore grade but no correlation of sorting coefficients and gold value. The mineralogy of the Vaal Reef was studied by means of polished sections and heavy mineral concentrates. The minerals identified include gold, pyrite of several ages, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, uraninite, galena, brannerite, gersdorffite or cobaltite, skutterudite, linnacite, danaite, niccolite, pentlandite, magnotite, zircon, chromite, rutile, leucoxine, monazite, sphalerite, tourmaline, and fluorite. From a study of the silver content of gold in the Vaal Roof it is concluded that the variations in apparent fineness are a reflection of the composition of the gold in the original source rocks. There is a definite uranium-gold relationship in the Vaal Roof. With increase in grade the amount of U₃O₈ increases but the U₃O₈:AU ratio decreases. Use of these reations may indciate the payability in cases of incomplete core recovery.The intrusive rocks were studies in detail. Six types of intrusive rocks were found. From oldest to youngest those are quartz diabase (of three varieties), amygdaloidal diabase, ilmenite mela-microdiorite, mottled microdiorite, olivine lamprophyre and ankeritic beforsite, ranging in age from Lower Ventersdorp to post-Karroo. Most of the intrusives are highly altered due to the effects of regional metamorphism and deuteric alteration. Later formations, such as the Langgeleven and Allanridge Formations of the Ventersdorp System and the Black Roof and Dolomite Series of the Transvaal System, occur on the property. The various formations have been subjected to faulting and folding.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Jacob, Roger E
- Date: 1966
- Subjects: Vaal reefs gold mine , Gold ores -- Geology -- South Africa -- Transvaal. , Geology -- South Africa -- Transvaal
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5078 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015171
- Description: Rocks forming part of the Main-Bird Series and the Kimberley-Elsburg Series of the Upper Division of the Witwatersrand System are found in the mine. The sequence studied starts with the Middle or MB 6 Zone of the Livingstone Stage followed by the Upper or MB 5 Zone. The Vaal Roof, forming the base of the Vaal Stage, rests disconformably on the older rocks. The Stage is subdivided into the Vaal Reef Zone, the Lower Vaal Zone, the Argillaceous Zone and the Upper Vaal Zone. The lower and upper contacts of the Argillaceous Zone are gradational. The Kimberley Stage follows unconformably and comprises the basal Gold Estates Conglomerate Zone, the Denny's Zone and the Gold Estates Zone. The overlying Elsburg Stage may be subdivided into the Bastard Zone and the Upper Elsburg Zone on lithological grounds. Most of the rocks are indurated quartz wackes with only a few orthoquartzite horizons such as the Denny's Zone and the immediate hangingwall of the Vaal Reef. Microscopically the rocks consist of detrital quartz and chert grains in a fine-grained sericitic to partly siliceous matrix which may constitute more than 50 per cent of the rock. Heavy minerals, such as zircon, chromite, rutile, leucoxone, pyrite, tourmaline, epidete, apetite and magnetite, occur in most of the zones. The Vaal Reef, the economic horizon, is of small-pebble, oligomictic conglomerate, often containing thucholite seams and granules, and varying in thickness from a mere parting to more than five feet. There appears to be a correlation between greater pebble size and higher ore grade but no correlation of sorting coefficients and gold value. The mineralogy of the Vaal Reef was studied by means of polished sections and heavy mineral concentrates. The minerals identified include gold, pyrite of several ages, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, uraninite, galena, brannerite, gersdorffite or cobaltite, skutterudite, linnacite, danaite, niccolite, pentlandite, magnotite, zircon, chromite, rutile, leucoxine, monazite, sphalerite, tourmaline, and fluorite. From a study of the silver content of gold in the Vaal Roof it is concluded that the variations in apparent fineness are a reflection of the composition of the gold in the original source rocks. There is a definite uranium-gold relationship in the Vaal Roof. With increase in grade the amount of U₃O₈ increases but the U₃O₈:AU ratio decreases. Use of these reations may indciate the payability in cases of incomplete core recovery.The intrusive rocks were studies in detail. Six types of intrusive rocks were found. From oldest to youngest those are quartz diabase (of three varieties), amygdaloidal diabase, ilmenite mela-microdiorite, mottled microdiorite, olivine lamprophyre and ankeritic beforsite, ranging in age from Lower Ventersdorp to post-Karroo. Most of the intrusives are highly altered due to the effects of regional metamorphism and deuteric alteration. Later formations, such as the Langgeleven and Allanridge Formations of the Ventersdorp System and the Black Roof and Dolomite Series of the Transvaal System, occur on the property. The various formations have been subjected to faulting and folding.
- Full Text:
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