Studies on the completely mixed activated sludge treatment of fellmongery and tannery lime-sulphide effluents
- Authors: Rawlings, Douglas Eric
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Tanneries -- Waste disposal , Sewage sludge -- South Africa -- Management , Sewage -- Purificiation -- Biological treatment , Water quality management -- South Africa , Water -- Purification -- Biological treatment -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4112 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013052
- Description: Industries producing highly polluted waste waters are having to purify their effluents to meet with ever increasing requirements laid down by water authorities. The South African Water Act of 1956 has prescribed a very high standard to which waste waters must conform before discharge into a South African water course. Enforcement of these standards falls under the jurisdiction of government authorities such as the Department of Water Affairs. Similarly, municipalities and other local authorities set standards with which trade effluents must comply before discharge into public sewers for treatment in a municipal sewage works. These local authorities are empowered to recover from the trader the additional costs incurred in treating trade effluents. Costs are usually levied in respect of volume, oxygen demand, settleable solids and the production of secondary sludge. In recent years, these standards have been enforced to an extent where the survival of several industries has become dependant on whether these industries are able to purify or dispose of their effluents in a manner acceptable to the water authorities. Chap. 1, p. 1.
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- Authors: Rawlings, Douglas Eric
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Tanneries -- Waste disposal , Sewage sludge -- South Africa -- Management , Sewage -- Purificiation -- Biological treatment , Water quality management -- South Africa , Water -- Purification -- Biological treatment -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4112 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013052
- Description: Industries producing highly polluted waste waters are having to purify their effluents to meet with ever increasing requirements laid down by water authorities. The South African Water Act of 1956 has prescribed a very high standard to which waste waters must conform before discharge into a South African water course. Enforcement of these standards falls under the jurisdiction of government authorities such as the Department of Water Affairs. Similarly, municipalities and other local authorities set standards with which trade effluents must comply before discharge into public sewers for treatment in a municipal sewage works. These local authorities are empowered to recover from the trader the additional costs incurred in treating trade effluents. Costs are usually levied in respect of volume, oxygen demand, settleable solids and the production of secondary sludge. In recent years, these standards have been enforced to an extent where the survival of several industries has become dependant on whether these industries are able to purify or dispose of their effluents in a manner acceptable to the water authorities. Chap. 1, p. 1.
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The life and work of Benjamin Tyamzashe: a contemporary Xhosa composer
- Authors: Hansen, Deirdre Doris
- Date: 1968
- Subjects: Tyamzashe, Benjamin, 1890 -- Criticism and interpretation Xhosa (African people) -- Music Hymns, Xhosa Composers, Black -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MMus
- Identifier: vital:2639 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002304
- Description: In this study I have tried to show what Tyamzashe has achieved without the solid musical training any composer worthy of the name should undergo. I have also tried to show the forming of his own musical style under the impact of outside influences. This study is therefore not to teach one anything new, but simply to communicate the results of three years research. In it I have attempted to set the scene in which Tyamzashe's life unfolded itself under the influences of people and circumstances. In doing so I have tried to bear in mind the main theme - Tyamzashe himself. My problem was not so much what to include but what to leave out; thus I have not provided the scene with a detailed background. The section on missionary contact is necessary for an understanding of the great changes brought about by culture contact, as well as for putting Tyamzashe into his historical background. I have also stressed Lovedale because musical change as exemplified in the music of early Bantu converts was centralized there. Finally, the thesis of this study is: despite the changes introduced into Bantu music by culture contact, one perceives, in the works of Tyamzashe, the beginnings of a new pattern of integration. p. 2-3.
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- Authors: Hansen, Deirdre Doris
- Date: 1968
- Subjects: Tyamzashe, Benjamin, 1890 -- Criticism and interpretation Xhosa (African people) -- Music Hymns, Xhosa Composers, Black -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MMus
- Identifier: vital:2639 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002304
- Description: In this study I have tried to show what Tyamzashe has achieved without the solid musical training any composer worthy of the name should undergo. I have also tried to show the forming of his own musical style under the impact of outside influences. This study is therefore not to teach one anything new, but simply to communicate the results of three years research. In it I have attempted to set the scene in which Tyamzashe's life unfolded itself under the influences of people and circumstances. In doing so I have tried to bear in mind the main theme - Tyamzashe himself. My problem was not so much what to include but what to leave out; thus I have not provided the scene with a detailed background. The section on missionary contact is necessary for an understanding of the great changes brought about by culture contact, as well as for putting Tyamzashe into his historical background. I have also stressed Lovedale because musical change as exemplified in the music of early Bantu converts was centralized there. Finally, the thesis of this study is: despite the changes introduced into Bantu music by culture contact, one perceives, in the works of Tyamzashe, the beginnings of a new pattern of integration. p. 2-3.
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