Showing items 1 - 20 of 120

Your selections:

Directive counselling undermines “safe” abortion

  • Authors: Mavuso, Jabulile M-J J , Macleod, Catriona I , du Toit, Ryan
  • Date: 2023
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , book chapter
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/434096 , vital:73031 , ISBN 97817936442138 , https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781793644213/Sexual-and-Reproductive-Justice-From-the-Margins-to-the-Centre
  • Description: Sexual and Reproductive Justice: From the Margins to the Centre offers new insights and perspectives on sexual and reproductive justice. The thought-provoking and diverse contributions in this volume — which range from indigenous approaches to sexual violence to gender-affirming primary and mental healthcare — extend sexual and reproductive justice scholarship, and spark critical questions, novel thinking, and ongoing dialogue in this field.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2023

Historical diversification of Pseudonympha Wallengren, 1857 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae).

  • Authors: van Steenderen, Clarke J M , Pringle, Ernest L , Villet, Martin H
  • Date: 2023
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/442182 , vital:73965 , https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2257373
  • Description: The butterfly genus Pseudonympha and several related genera are endemic to southern Africa. Although many of the species are montane, some inhabit the arid interior of South Africa, offering an opportunity to study the palaeobiogeography of this biome. Morphological data (for all species of Pseudonympha and allied African and Asian genera) and molecular data (WG and COI genes for nine of the 15 species of Pseudonympha and all of the southern African endemic genera of Ypthimina) were compiled. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Pseudonympha apparently originated in the Cape Fold Mountains about 15 Mya ago and spread steadily eastwards and northwards along the Great Escarpment during the aridification of the region, perhaps assisted by orogeny in the east and oceanic cooling in the west. Aridification cycles seem to have intermittently isolated some early lineages in elevated habitats in the interior, so that those lineages show lower speciation rates (or perhaps higher extinction rates) than those in the east. Four species delineation techniques indicated that some species are taxonomically oversplit. Based on genetic polyphyly and morphological similarity, we propose that the status of P. swanepoeli be reduced to that of a subspecies of P. varii, such that all the north-eastern populations from Harrismith to Tzaneen fall under P. varii swanepoeli van Son stat. n., and all the southern populations fall under P. varii varii van Son stat. n. Ultimately, the diversification of both of these lineages seems tied to their host plants’ response to aridification brought on by continental drift and orogeny. Sympatric organisms (eg cicadas) with biologies focused around different resources (eg savanna trees) show other patterns of diversification. The phylogenetic analysis of the subtribe Ypthimina also supports the monophyly of Paternympha, paraphyly of Ypthima, recognition of Thymipa Moore stat. rev. as a phylogenetic independent genus, and new relationships for Strabena.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2023

The Role of the University as Mediator in a Skills Ecosystem Approach to VET

  • Authors: Lotz-Sisitka, Heila , Openjuru, George , Zeelen, Jacques
  • Date: 2023
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , book chapter
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/434907 , vital:73115 , ISBN 978-1529224634 , https://bristoluniversitypress.co.uk/transitioning-vocational-education-and-training-in-africa
  • Description: In this chapter, we focus particularly on the mediating role of the university, in close connection with vocational institutions and informal community actors, in developing an inclusive approach to vocational education and training (VET) through an expanded social ecosystem for skills model. Here we draw upon lessons learnt from the Alice and Gulu cases on communitybased approaches to establishing an expanded skills ecosystem approach to VET in Africa. The main ques-tion guiding this chapter relates to the possible mediating role of the university to enhance a regional expanded ecosystem for supporting quality vocational education that is also rele-vant to its context, including emergent possibilities to build skills and livelihoods linked to just transitions. Universities are not VET centres as conventionally understood, but they can contribute to VET in various ways. Most often, universities are identified as contributing to the qualifications and training of VET educators. In this chapter, we take a different angle and consider the role of engaged research and community engagement as two approaches that can contribute to the advancement of an expanded social ecosystem model with positive benefits for VET institutions. Drawing on insights gained in the earlier chapters of this book requires us to take into account several important realities as previously dis-cussed, as well as key ingredients for the development of a regional skills ecosystem of vocational education, as demon-strated by the two cases considered in this chapter.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2023

Analysing the Impact of Extended Curriculum Programmes: Implications for Theory, Design and Practice

  • Authors: Boughey, Chrissie
  • Date: 2022
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , book chapter
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/434453 , vital:73063 , ISBN 9781991201737 , https://africansunmedia.store.it.si/ZA/book/extended-curriculum-programmes-challenges-and-opportunities/1199327
  • Description: The introduction of ECPs in South African Universities is seen by many as South Africa’s key strategy for addressing the problem of poor patterns of student success and has its basis on the uncontested acceptance that an extended study duration may be necessary to bring some categories of learners to a level of parity with the readiness expectations of their course of study. Even so, this transformative strategic imperative has been plagued by a range of challenges that include poor systems readiness; poor selection mechanisms in the identification of ECP students; poor numeracy and literacy amongst students, and indifferent teacher involvement in ECPs. This volume offers a rare insight into many of the above-recognised challenges and in so doing provides critical matter for thought for educators within the higher education sector.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2022

Household dietary patterns and food security challenges in Peri-Urban South Africa: A reflection of high unemployment in the wake of rising food prices

  • Authors: Chakona, Gamuchirai
  • Date: 2022
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , book chapter
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/433943 , vital:73013 , ISBN 978-3-030-93072-1 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93072-1_11
  • Description: Urbanization is one of the major social changes sweeping the globe, with rapid growth of the urban population and stagnating growth of the rural population, especially in developing regions (UN-Habitat, 2020). In subSaharan Africa, rapid urbanization and poverty are the major fundamental development challenges that are perpetuating and deepening the crisis of food and nutrition insecurity in urban areas (Battersby, 2012). Many people living in urban areas face under-nutrition, mainly due to their lack of income rather than to a lack of capacity to produce food (Satterthwaite et al., 2010). The health and nutritional status of urban populations with very low incomes are at risk from rising prices in staple foods. This became evident with the rising hunger among urban populations after the food price rises in 2007 and the first half of 2008 (Cohen and Garrett, 2009). In South Africa, poverty, unemployment and high food prices are dominant and influence dietary change, which subsequently increases urban food insecurity and malnutrition (Battersby, 2012).
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2022

Postgraduate education in a globalised world

  • Authors: Boughey, Chrissie
  • Date: 2022
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , book chapter
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/434469 , vital:73066 , ISBN 9781991201225 , https://www.google.co.za/books/edition/The_Global_Scholar/KvQ3EAAAQBAJ?hl=enandgbpv=0
  • Description: Interest in postgraduate education and the supervision of postgraduate research has developed in recent years, largely as a result of the impact of the so-called ‘knowledge economy’. South Africa’s National Plan 20301 draws on globalised discourses in holding that increases in the number of graduates, particularly at doctoral level, will contribute to economic prosperity because of the potential of postgraduate education to contribute to the processes of reinvention that drive the economic system itself. Even a brief glance at the mission and vision statements of a small sample of universities shows how this idea has been taken up within the higher education sector. In the context of high levels of unemployment, the idea that a postgraduate degree can lead to better work prospects also means that students who might never have considered doing a postgraduate degree previously, have now come forward to study at this level. All this then means that academics are being called upon to take on heavier supervision loads with a diverse array of students.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2022

The Okavango Delta Peatlands

  • Authors: Ellery, William N , Ellery, Karen S
  • Date: 2022
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , book chapter
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/434557 , vital:73077 , ISBN 978-3-030-86101-8 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86102-5_3
  • Description: The presence of a large (approximately 2000 km2) peatland in a semi-arid climatic setting such as the Kalahari is unusual. Peat forms in permanently flooded areas in the Okavango Delta primarily due to the perennial input of large volumes of water from a distant catchment in the highlands of Angola, into a valley formed by rifting. Peat deposits form in three distinct settings in the Okavango: backswamp settings where open water is converted into homogeneous emergent peatlands, lake and channel margins where the peatland is patchy, and the inlets to lakes that connect to the primary distributary channel, which presently is the Okavango-Nqoga-Maunachira River system. An unusual feature of peat formation in backswamp areas, as well as in lake and channel margin settings, is that frequently mats of fine organic detritus on the bed rise to the water surface and are colonised by emergent plants.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2022

Covid-19 as a catalyst for digital transformation in higher education: insights for rural-based universities in South Africa

  • Authors: Kativhu, Simbarashe
  • Date: 2021-12-02
  • Subjects: Covid-19 (Disease) , Blended Learning , Education (Higher)
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7456 , vital:53959 , https://doi.org/10.31920/2516-5305/2021/18n4a14
  • Description: The Covid-19 pandemic and the associated lockdown regulations suddenly elevated the importance of blended learning in South Africa and worldwide. This has prompted various international and national institutions into action, providing various support services to enhance fast digital adoption in higher education and facilitate out of classroom learning. In this regard, this paper views the pandemic as a necessary evil that can catalyse the adoption of digital learning, particularly, in rural-based universities of South Africa that have been lagging in the digital education front. The paper reviews recent literature and document opportunities that are emerging from the Covid-19 pandemic. These opportunities can assist rural-based universities to sustainably adopt blended learning, catch up with the elite universities, and bridge the digital divide that is still apparent in South Africa. The paper is based on a review of articles, educational policy documents, and government gazettes. The Atlasti version 8 software was utilised to synthesise the literature. It was concluded that various opportunities exist for rural-based universities. To enhance effective digital transformation in rural-based universities, there is a need for alignment of national policy with realities in different institutions, improve human digital apprehension capacity, and increase collaborations between education technologists and education institutions as well as behavioural change among higher education managers. These changes can enable rural-based universities to build on the opportunities presented by the pandemic and digitalise their education programs to align with the inevitable demands of the 4th industrial revolution.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2021-12-02

Addressing the Twin Challenges of Poverty and Unemployment through Community Work Programmes in South Africa :

  • Authors: Tshishonga, Ndwakhulu , Matsiliza, Noluthando S
  • Date: 2021-06
  • Subjects: South Africa Poverty Equality Community organization Livelihoods Public Works Article
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7424 , vital:53961 , https://doi.org/10.31920/2634-3649/2021/v11n2a12
  • Description: This paper interrogates gaps in the implementing community work programmes in South Africa using the case of the Expanded Public Works Programme (EPWP) and Community Work Programmes (CWP). The EPWP and CWPs were adopted by government as strategies aimed at uprooting poverty and unemployment in South Africa. The intention was to respond to high levels of poverty and structural unemployment compounded by gross inequity which renders South Africa the most unequal society in the world. South Africa is characterised by inequality, poverty and unemployment, and this has created an uneven allocation of resources to society at large. The interface of poverty, unemployment and inequality undermines South Africa’s policies to become a developmental state. This paper argues that the legacy of apartheid and the adoption of neo-liberal policies in the post-apartheid era has not only contributed to socio-economic exclusion and marginalisation, but also relegate the poor and disadvantaged people into the deprivation trap. The paper evaluates the potential and challenges faced by EPWP, and the CWP to address the twin problems of poverty and unemployment in the country. Authors of this paper adopted a qualitative research approach to review literature from various sources such as books, articles from accredited journals and online credible publications. To respond to the aim, this paper argues that, although community-based work programmes such as the Expanded Public Works Programme and Community Work do not sustain employment opportunities in South Africa, they provide short-term safety nets for the unemployed, semi-skilled and unskilled citizens. Findings from this study revealed that community development work is not successful in achieving all the goals that are directly linked to poverty alleviation at programme level. Challenges found to be stifling the effective implementation of community work programmes included the implementation of the programmes at small scale, lack of active participation by unemployed and host communities, poor coordination and inadequate adequate infrastructure and resources to run the programmes effectively as we as well limited access to resources, assets and skills that can be jointly used to sustain the economy. The paper recommends the adoption of pluralistic approach in promoting active participation among community work programmes’ stakeholders. This a literature review paper hence secondary sources of data were used.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2021-06

Development and education that sustain: Expanding value chains in agriculture, mining and higher education in southern Africa

  • Authors: Rosenberg, Eureta , Shumba, Overson , Ngoma, Justine , Cobban, Leigh
  • Date: 2021
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , book chapter
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/435811 , vital:73203 , ISBN 978-3-030-74693-3 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74693-3_16
  • Description: Deep sustainability, as defined in this chapter, requires a rad-ical conceptual shift, and aligned practical strategies for cre-ating livelihoods and value in new ways. This chapter ex-plores an expanded value chain approach through which in-dustries, communities and higher education institutions in Af-rica can transition towards development that sustains eco-systems and society. An analysis is presented, based on ex-amples from agriculture and mining, two of the most signifi-cant industries on the continent, as well as higher education. The analysis is done by applying key concepts to existing case studies from Zambia and South Africa, and then explor-ing implications for higher education institutions. The chapter concludes that possibilities for more sustainable and shared value creation are already evident in the selected industries, but achieving the shifts required is challenging. Higher edu-cation emerges as having a very significant role to play, through new curriculum and research directions, with greater local relevance, to enable graduates and industries to critical-ly and creatively engage with the challenges on the road to greater sustainability. In this way, higher education institu-tions would become partners in expanded, shared value cre-ation towards deep sustainability.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2021

Engaging Education for Sustainable Development as Quality Education in the Fundisa for Change Programme

  • Authors: Schudel, Ingrid J , Lotz-Sisitka, Heila , Songqwaru, Zintle , Tshiningayamwe, Sirkka
  • Date: 2021
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , book chapter
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/435031 , vital:73125 , ISBN 9781928502241 , https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/64082
  • Description: Since the Industrial Revolution began in the late 18th century, development has provided humankind with numerous benefits, such as modern medicine, housing, transport and communication systems. However, progress and the contemporary model of development has also brought its problems, as non-renewable resources have been overextracted, and large volumes of waste created, resulting in pollution that has impacted on the health of people and the environment. Most people are now aware that human actions are changing the climate in unpredictable ways. Massive over-consumption of resources and continued environmental degradation are undermining the natural systems we depend on, impacting most severely on the poor and marginalised people in our society. Societies around the world must adapt and change their practices for a low-carbon, more sustainable future.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2021

Inclusion as social justice: Nancy Fraser’s theory in the South African context

  • Authors: Musara, Ellison , Grant, Carolyn , Vorster, Jo-Anne E
  • Date: 2021
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , book chapter
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/453493 , vital:75258 , ISBN 978-3-030-35858-7 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35858-7_107
  • Description: Current research suggests that the meaning of inclusion and social justice is still widely contested despite the seeming global acceptance of these educational reforms in most nations. While inclusion and social justice policies are now prevalent in many countries, these concepts bear discussion because they remain elusive and thus subject to numerous interpretations. This chapter reports on conceptualizations of inclusion and social justice in the South African context by authors who live and work in South Africa. They critically examine the concept of inclusion using American critical theorist-feminist Nancy Fraser’s social justice framework. The authors demonstrate how this substantive theory of justice usefully provides conceptual tools for understanding inequalities and inequities in education. An analysis is presented of inclusion as social justice and demonstrates what it looks like in the real-life practice of a South African case. Educators will find conceptual tools aimed at creating meaningful interventions in the areas of inclusion, equity, and social justice that support diverse learners with wide-ranging needs.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2021

AMBER force field parameters for the Zn (II) ions of the tunneling-fold enzymes GTP cyclohydrolase I and 6-pyruvoyl tetrahydropterin synthase:

  • Authors: Khairallah, Afrah , Tastan Bishop, Özlem , Moses, Vuyani
  • Date: 2020
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/163068 , vital:41009 , DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1796800
  • Description: The folate biosynthesis pathway is an essential pathway for cell growth and survival. Folate derivatives serve as a source of the one-carbon units in several intracellular metabolic reactions. Rapidly dividing cells rely heavily on the availability of folate derivatives for their proliferation. As a result, drugs targeting this pathway have shown to be effective against tumor cells and pathogens, but drug resistance against the available antifolate drugs emerged quickly. Therefore, there is a need to develop new treatment strategies and identify alternative metabolic targets. The two de novo folate biosynthesis pathway enzymes, GTP cyclohydrolase I (GCH1) and 6-pyruvoyl tetrahydropterin synthase (PTPS), can provide an alternative strategy to overcome the drug resistance that emerged in the two primary targeted enzymes dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthase.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2020

Creating learning and action space in South Africa’s post-apartheid land redistribution program:

  • Authors: Kepe, Thembela , Hall, Ruth
  • Date: 2020
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/163842 , vital:41075 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1177/1476750317705966
  • Description: This paper uses the case of South Africa’s latest land redistribution strategy known as the Proactive Land Acquisition Strategy, to explore whether, and how, research can have direct and positive impacts on beneficiaries of land reform. The study is situated within the practice of action research: to explore how it can generate knowledge that can be shared back and forth between stakeholders, as well as how it may ignite changes that the participants desire.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2020

Determining the unbinding events and conserved motions associated with the pyrazinamide release due to resistance mutations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis pyrazinamidase:

  • Authors: Amamuddy, Olivier S , Musyoka, Thommas M , Boateng, Rita A , Zabo, Sophakama , Tastan Bishop, Özlem
  • Date: 2020
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148869 , vital:38781 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csbj.2020.05.0099
  • Description: Pyrazinamide (PZA) is the only first-line antitubercular drug active against latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). It is activated to pyrazinoic acid by the pncA-encoded pyrazinamidase enzyme (PZase). Despite the emergence of PZA drug resistance, the underlying mechanisms of resistance remain unclear. This study investigated part of these mechanisms by modelling a PZA-bound wild type and 82 mutant PZase structures before applying molecular dynamics (MD) with an accurate Fe2+ cofactor coordination geometry.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2020

Electricity use behaviour in a high-income neighbourhood in Johannesburg, South Africa:

  • Authors: Williams, Stephanie P , Thondhlana, Gladman , Kua, Harn W
  • Date: 2020
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149725 , vital:38878 , https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114571
  • Description: Worldwide, households’ consumption of electricity contributes to a substantial proportion of total national energy demand. Thus, the residential sector is a major entity in efforts to define and achieve global sustainability goals. Understanding electricity use behaviour and factors underlying behaviour is critical for designing behaviour change interventions, particularly in contexts characterised by fast-growing economies, burgeoning number of high-income households, and consumption growth. However, relative to developed economies, very little is known on this subject in South Africa. Using structured questionnaires, this study examines electricity use behaviour among high-income households in Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2020

Foraging wild food in urban spaces: The contribution of wild foods to urban dietary diversity in South Africa

  • Authors: Garekae, Hesekia , Shackleton, Charlie M
  • Date: 2020
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/176368 , vital:42688 , https://doi.org/10.3390/su12020678
  • Description: Globally, approximately one billion people benefit from contributions of wild foods to their food security and dietary diversity. Wild foods are known to be important in rural communities in terms of food and micronutrient provision, diversifying diets, reducing vulnerability to non-communicable diseases and overall health. However, the potential contribution of wild foods towards food security and dietary diversity in urban food systems has been largely overlooked. This study examined the contribution of wild foods to household dietary diversity in two towns in South Africa, based on a survey of 137 households.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2020

STIP1/HOP regulates the actin cytoskeleton through interactions with actin and changes in actin-binding proteins cofilin and profilin:

  • Authors: Beckley, Samantha Joy , Hunter, Morgan C , Kituyi, Sarah N , Wingate, Ianthe , Chakraborty, Abantika , Schwarz, Kelly , Makhubu, Matodzi P , Rousseau, Robert P , Ruck, Duncan K , de la Mare, Jo-Anne , Blatch, Gregory L , Edkins, Adrienne L
  • Date: 2020
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/165373 , vital:41238 , https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21093152
  • Description: Cell migration plays a vital role in both health and disease. It is driven by reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, which is regulated by actin-binding proteins cofilin and profilin. Stress-inducible phosphoprotein 1 (STIP1) is a well-described co-chaperone of the Hsp90 chaperone system, and our findings identify a potential regulatory role of STIP1 in actin dynamics. We show that STIP1 can be isolated in complex with actin and Hsp90 from HEK293T cells and directly interacts with actin in vitro via the C-terminal TPR2AB-DP2 domain of STIP1, potentially due to a region spanning two putative actin-binding motifs. We found that STIP1 could stimulate the in vitro ATPase activity of actin, suggesting a potential role in the modulation of F-actin formation. Interestingly, while STIP1 depletion in HEK293T cells had no major effect on total actin levels, it led to increased nuclear accumulation of actin, disorganization of F-actin structures, and an increase and decrease in cofilin and profilin levels, respectively. This study suggests that STIP1 regulates the cytoskeleton by interacting with actin, or via regulating the ratio of proteins known to affect actin dynamics.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2020

The small pelagic fishery of the Pemba Channel, Tanzania: what we know and what we need to know for management under climate change

Transitions from rural contexts to and through higher education in South Africa: negotiating misrecognition

  • Authors: Mgqwashu, Emmanuel M , Timmis, Sue , de Wet, Thea , Madondo, Nkosinathi Emmanuel
  • Date: 2020
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148435 , vital:38739 , DOI:10.1080/03057925.2020.1763165
  • Description: This paper reports on an international collaborative study that investigated how students from rural contexts negotiate the transition to university, and how prior cultural and educational experiences influence their higher education trajectories. A qualitative, participatory methodology was adopted, centred on co-researcher narratives, digital artefacts and discussions. Findings demonstrate how family and community, including religious, study, and self-help groups, influenced their transitions into higher education and journey through university and to their identities, agency and sense of belonging. The paper argues that university practices, values and norms need to acknowledge and incorporate all students’ prior experiences and histories and recognise their powerful contribution in working towards a decolonial higher education.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2020
  • Disclaimer
  • Privacy
  • Copyright
  • Contact