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Constraints in attainment of sustainable human settlements at Kwamaphumulo Local Municipality

  • Authors: Sikhosana, Phindokuhle
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Human settlements , Sustainable development
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/47181 , vital:39829
  • Description: This study sought to investigate the constraints in the attainment of sustainable human settlement in KwaMaphumulo Local Municipality at iLembe District in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The aim of this study was to investigate the constraints that limit the achievement of the ideal of sustainable human settlement development in the KwaMaphumulo Local Municipality. Furthermore, the study sought to determine the impact of these constraints on sustainable development and to proffer measures that can be taken to combat stagnant or underdevelopment in the area. A mixed-method approach is followed in this study, which considers a triangulation of quantitative and qualitative data collection, analysis and interpretation techniques. It is important to note that in the past years since South Africa became a democratic country, there have been countless efforts with regard to overcoming the problems created during the apartheid era. These problems stemmed from a distorted spatial, social, economic and political background that was advocated by both segregationist public policies and the planning systems of the Apartheid Regime. In recent years, South African cities have also been faced with environmental issues, which are imperative to the future development of the country. With all these issues in mind, we see that the many efforts that are put in place by government always fall short of solving the problems. This research report looked at the constraints that affect the KwaMaphumulo Local Municipality in attaining sustainable human settlements and whether the efforts of redistribution and equality have been enough to overcome the problems. The key findings of the study were that constraints in attaining sustainable human settlements in the KwaMaphumulo Local Municipality negatively impacts on the development in the area. The level of services being provided is poor. There is an apparent disconnect between traditional leaders and the municipality councillor as development management and vision are concerned. Furthermore, the development programmes and projects do not seem to address the critical needs of the community. Housing development is narrow minded with a focus on the top structure and a failure to include basic services and infrastructure. Houses built that are financed by subsidies are of poor quality. The latter situation results in more able‐ bodied, skilled and capable people emigrating to developed areas.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2020

Constraints in attainment of sustainable human settlements at Kwamaphumulo Local Municipality

  • Authors: Sikhosana, Phindokuhle
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Human settlements -- South Africa -- Kwamaphumulo Local Municipality , Land settlement -- South Africa -- Kwamaphumulo Local Municipality
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/48808 , vital:41141
  • Description: This study sought to investigate the constraints in the attainment of sustainable human settlement in KwaMaphumulo Local Municipality at iLembe District in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The aim of this study was to investigate the constraints that limit the achievement of the ideal of sustainable human settlement development in the KwaMaphumulo Local Municipality. Furthermore, the study sought to determine the impact of these constraints on sustainable development and to proffer measures that can be taken to combat stagnant or underdevelopment in the area. A mixed-method approach is followed in this study, which considers a triangulation of quantitative and qualitative data collection, analysis and interpretation techniques. It is important to note that in the past years since South Africa became a democratic country, there have been countless efforts with regard to overcoming the problems created during the apartheid era. These problems stemmed from a distorted spatial, social, economic and political background that was advocated by both segregationist public policies and the planning systems of the Apartheid Regime. In recent years, South African cities have also been faced with environmental issues, which are imperative to the future development of the country. With all these issues in mind, we see that the many efforts that are put in place by government always fall short of solving the problems. This research report looked at the constraints that affect the KwaMaphumulo Local Municipality in attaining sustainable human settlements and whether the efforts of redistribution and equality have been enough to overcome the problems. The key findings of the study were that constraints in attaining sustainable human settlements in the KwaMaphumulo Local Municipality negatively impacts on the development in the area. The level of services being provided is poor. There is an apparent disconnect between traditional leaders and the municipality councillor as development management and vision are concerned. Furthermore, the development programmes and projects do not seem to address the critical needs of the community. Housing development is narrow minded with a focus on the top structure and a failure to include basic services and infrastructure. Houses built that are 6 financed by subsidies are of poor quality. The latter situation results in more able‐ bodied, skilled and capable people emigrating to developed areas.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2020

Towards a reconstruction of Marion Island’s glacial history

  • Authors: Rudolph, Elizabeth
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Glacial landforms Geomorphological mapping
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD (Geography)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18531 , vital:42581
  • Description: Southern Hemisphere glacial chronologies can provide valuable insights into interactions between glaciation and past climate changes. The sub-Antarctic Islands provide a valuable terrestrial record of glacial chronologies for the Southern Hemisphere, since they are unique, not only in size and topography, but also in oceanic situation when compared to other continental landmasses (e.g. Antarctica or Patagonia). On sub-Antarctic Marion Island, southern Indian Ocean, the exact timing and extent of the local Last Glacial Maximum is not yet known as glacial reconstructions have mostly been based on palynological proxies and relative-age dating techniques. This study presents 29 cosmogenic 36Cl exposure ages of deglaciated bedrock surfaces and moraine deposits from Marion Island. In addition, a comprehensive glacial-geomorphological map, which in conjunction with exposure ages provide improved temporal and spatial constraints for the island’s glacial history. Results show that the ice reached a local Last Glacial Maximum before 56 ka ago and retreated, with minor stillstands, until ~17 ka. This early deglaciation left island surfaces below 850 m a.s.l. ice-free after ~19 ka, and any subsequent advances during the Late Glacial or Holocene cooling periods would have been restricted to the interior. This glacial chronology is similar to that of some other sub-Antarctic Islands (e.g. the Kerguelen archipelago, Auckland and Campbell islands, and possibly South Georgia) and a number of other Southern Hemisphere glaciers (e.g. in Patagonia and New Zealand) and adds to evidence that suggest the Southern Hemisphere was in a glacial maximum earlier than the global LGM. A combination of climatic drivers such as declining temperatures, a northward migration of oceanic fronts and the Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds (causing precipitation changes), as well as the physiography of Marion Island, created optimal conditions for glacier growth during Marine Isotope Stage 4 (MIS 4; ~65 ka ago) instead of the global LGM in MIS 2 (~18 ka). These findings redefine the glacial history of Marion Island, and have implications for future investigations on post-glacial landscape development and ecological succession.
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  • Date Issued: 2020

Customary marriage and family practices that discriminate against amaXhosa women: a critical study of selected isixhosa literary text

  • Authors: Mbatyoti, Pheliwe Yvonne
  • Date: 2019
  • Subjects: Forced marriage -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Customary law -- South Africa Xhosa (African people) -- Social life and customs
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Doctoral , D Litt et Phil (African Studies)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/10736 , vital:35731
  • Description: In many parts of Africa, the cultural practices and customs that were in use over the ages are still largely in place today. Many of these practices discriminate against individuals and compromise their human rights, particularly the rights of African women. The aim of this investigation is to study customary marital practices among the amaXhosa in order to establish their effect on modern amaXhosa society. In addition, this includes other discriminatory practices, such as the diminished status of wedded women. Within the study, the social status of women before and after 1994 is dealt with as depicted in the selected texts. The study further determines the current social status of married women under the current dispensation and finds out whether the rights of married women are sufficiently recognised in the texts under discussion. It is clear therefore that whilst Africa has made good progress on the political front, the same cannot be said for some of the cultural values that are still adhered to in the present age. This applies in particular to the rights of women in an African society. Globally, women and girls suffer the harmful and life-threatening effects of discriminatory traditional and cultural practices that continue under the guise of social, cultural and religious ceremonies. In the democratic South Africa, there is growing concern and awareness that some cultural practices are harmful to women and girls. The study analyses a number of texts namely, novels and drama, that were published before and after the 1994 era in South Africa with aims and objectives being outlined in Chapter 1. Chapter 2 is devoted to the theoretical framework, which includes the general theory pertaining to the status of women, feminism and human rights. Secondly, it deals with African theory pertaining to the status of African women as well as their rights; finally, it reflects on the role of women in societies where traditional marriage custom is still in use. Chapter 3 analyses the depiction of customary marriage as a theme in isiXhosa prose before and after 1994. Chapter 4 examines the depiction of customary marriage in v isiXhosa drama before and after 1994 and focuses more on human rights elements. Chapter 5 summarises the arguments distilled from the analysed works. The researcher came to the conclusion that the practice of forced marriage does not occur in amaXhosa society only but it is also found on a wider scale on the rest of the African continent and beyond. The study was concluded with a set of recommendations that were made to combat the scourge of anti-feminism that is found in modern society.
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  • Date Issued: 2019

Electrocatalytic detection of pesticides with electrodes modified with nanoparticles of phthalocyanines and multiwalled carbon nanotubes

  • Authors: Siswana, Msimelelo Patrick
  • Date: 2013
  • Subjects: Phthalocyanines Pesticides Electrocatalysis Electrochemistry Nanotubes Nanoparticles Transmission electron microscopy Scanning electron microscopy
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
  • Identifier: vital:4282 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002613
  • Description: Three types of electrodes: carbon paste electrodes modified with nanoparticles of metallophthalocyanines (MPcNP-CPEs, M = Mn, Fe, Ni, Co), basal plane pyrolytic graphite electrodes modified with iron or nickel phthalocyanine nanoparticles and multiwalled carbon nanotube composites (FePcNP/MWCNT-BPPGE or NiPcNP/MWCNT-BPPGE),and basal plane pyrolytic graphite electrodes modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes and electropolymerized metal tetra-aminophthalocyanines (poly-MTAPc-MWCNT-BPPGE), where M is Mn, Fe, Ni or Co, were prepared. Electrochemical characterizations showed that faster electron transfer kinetics occurred at the NiPcNP/MWCNT-BPPGE than at the FePcNP/MWCNT-BPPGE surface. SEM and electrochemical characterizations of poly-MTAPc-MWCNT-BPPGE showed that MTAPc had been deposited on the MWCNTBPPGE surface, and that the poly-CoTAPc-MWCNT-BPPGE exhibited the fastest electron transfer kinetics of all the poly-MTAPc-MWCNT-BPPGEs. Using amitrole and asulam as test analytes, electrochemical experiments showed that, amongst the CPEs, the FePcNP-CPE and NiPcNP-CPE displayed the most electrocatalytic behavior towards amitrole and asulam oxidation, respectively, and further experiments were done to obtain the electrochemical parameters associated with these electrodes and the corresponding analytes. Although, the FePcNP/MWCNT- BPPGE displayed electrocatalytic behavior towards amitrole oxidation in comparison with the bare BPPGE, it was less electrocatalytic than the FePcNP-CPE in terms of detection potential. The NiPcNP/MWCNT-BPPGE displayed the same detection potential as the NiPcNP-CPE. The poly-FeTAPc-MWCNT-BPPGE exhibited the most electrocatalytic behavior towards amitrole, of all the electrodes investigated, and the poly-CoTAPc-MWCNT-BPPGE displayed the best electrocatalytic behavior towards asulam, amongst the poly-MTAPc-MWCNT-BPPGEs.
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  • Date Issued: 2013

Development of a hydraulic sub-model as part of a desktop environmental flow assessment method

  • Authors: Desai, Ahmed Yacoob
  • Date: 2012
  • Subjects: Hydrologic models -- Research -- South Africa Hydraulic engineering -- South Africa Rivers -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
  • Identifier: vital:6041 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006200
  • Description: Countries around the world have been developing ecological policies to protect their water resources and minimise the impacts of development on their river systems. The concept of ‘minimum flows’ was initially established as a solution but it did not provide sufficient protection as all elements of a flow regime were found to be important for the protection of the river ecosystem. “Environmental flows” were developed to determine these flow regimes to maintain a river in some defined ecological condition. Rapid, initial estimates of the quantity component of environmental flows may be determined using the Desktop Reserve Model in South Africa. However, the Desktop Reserve Model is dependent upon the characteristics of the reference natural hydrology used. The advancements in hydraulic and ecological relationships from the past decade have prompted the development of a Revised Desktop Reserve Model (RDRM) that would incorporate these relationships. The research in this thesis presents the development of the hydraulic sub-model for the RDRM. The hydraulic sub-model was designed to produce a realistic representation of the hydraulic conditions using hydraulic parameters/characteristics from readily available information for any part of South Africa. Hydraulic data from past EWR studies were used to estimate the hydraulic parameters. These estimated hydraulic parameters were used to develop hydraulic estimation relationships and these relationships were developed based on a combination of regression and rule-based procedures. The estimation relationships were incorporated into the hydraulic sub-model of the integrated RDRM and assessments of the hydraulic outputs and EWR results were undertaken to assess the ‘applicability’ of the hydraulic sub-model. The hydraulic sub-model was assessed to be at a stage where it can satisfactorily be incorporated in the RDRM and that it is adequately robust in many situations. Recommendations for future work include the refinement of estimation of the channel forming discharge or the use of spatial imagery to check the maximum channel width estimation. It is also proposed that a future version of the hydraulic sub-model could include flow regime change impacts on channel geomorphology and sedimentology so that flow management scenarios can be more effectively assessed.
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  • Date Issued: 2012

Factors enabling and constraining ICT implementation in schools: a multiple case study of three secondary schools in Lesotho

  • Authors: Kalake, Matsitso
  • Date: 2009
  • Subjects: Education -- Lesotho Computer-assisted instruction -- Lesotho Information technology -- Lesotho Educational technology -- Lesotho Education, Secondary -- Lesotho -- Data processing Education -- Lesotho -- Computer network resources Educational innovations -- Lesotho Educational change -- Lesotho
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
  • Identifier: vital:1858 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004539
  • Description: This study focused on the implementation of ICTs in secondary schools in Lesotho. The main question addressed was: What are the enabling and constraining factors in the implementation of ICTs in schools? The work was undertaken in recognition of the fact that schools in the country were autonomously acquiring computers and using a variety of curricula without much coordination and policies from the government. There were factors encouraging schools to delve into this educational change: and challenges were already evident. This required further investigation. The research approach commenced with a critical review of the literature. Literature was drawn from developed and developing countries in order to understand the process of ICT implementation from a variety of contexts. The enquiry about the implementation process in all the countries focused on the rationale behind the use of ICTs in schools. ICT policies guiding implementation, principal leadership, teacher professional development and ICT resources. The literature review was followed by case studies of three secondary schools in Mafeteng district in Lesotho. Using both qualitative and quantitative methods of research, the study sought to determine from key people in three case study schools their overall understanding of how the process of implementation was carried out and what they perceived as enablers and constraints. The findings revealed that planning, access arrangements, training, support and to a lesser extent resources played a role in either impeding or encouraging the key ICT implementers at school and classroom level. Additionally, the key role of the principal and the MoE were highlighted in the study.
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  • Date Issued: 2009

Asymmetric induction in reactions of chiral carboxylic esters and silyl enol ethers

  • Authors: Evans, Melanie Daryl
  • Date: 1998
  • Subjects: Ethers -- Synthesis Esters -- Synthesis Chirality Asymmetric synthesis Organic compounds -- Synthesis
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
  • Identifier: vital:4409 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006762
  • Description: Several camphor and pinane derivatives have been synthesised and evaluated for use as chiral auxiliaries in asymmetric synthesis. Various blocking groups have been attached to the camphor skeleton in attempts to improve stereofacial selectivity; these include α-methoxybenzyl and xylyl groups, and novel stereoisomeric ketal moieties derived from meso- and (R,R)-(-)-2,3-butanediol. Benzylation reactions carried out on the lithium enolates of ester derivatives of the camphor-derived chiral auxiliaries afforded α-benzylated products in 5-60% diastereomeric excess. Stereochemical aspects have been explored using high resolution NMR, X-ray crystallographic and computer modelling techniques, and hydrolysis of selected α-benzylated products has permitted the diasteroselective bias to be confirmed. Opposite configurations at the new stereogenic centre are clearly favoured by the xylyl and ketal blocking groups - an observation rationalised in terms of the presence or absence of chelating potential in the blocking group. Baylis-Hillman reactions carried out on a series of specially prepared camphor-derived acrylic esters containing the ketal blocking group exhibited both low diastereoselectivities (0-30% d.e.) and very long reaction times. Chiral silyl enol ethers, synthesised using both pinane and camphor derivatives as chiral auxiliaries, showed up to 20% diastereomeric excess in MCPBA oxidation, alkylation and Mukaiyama reactions. Attempts to bring the prochiral centre in the silyl enol ether substrates closer to the chiral auxiliary, and thus improve the stereofacial selectivity, proved unsuccessful. The silyl enol ether derivatives, however, display interesting fragmentation patterns in their electron impact mass spectra, which were investigated using a combination of high resolution MS, comparative low resolution MS and metastable peak analysis.
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  • Date Issued: 1998

The dynamics of space use in some Lake Malawi fishes

  • Authors: Robinson, Rosanna Lesley
  • Date: 1996
  • Subjects: Cichlids -- Nyasa, Lake Fishes -- Malawi Fishes -- Nyasa, Lake
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
  • Identifier: vital:5264 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005108
  • Description: Behaviour and space utilisation of rock-dwelling cichlids were observed at Thumbi East Island, Lake Malawi. 1. Males of five species of the mbuna complex held long-term territories. Pseudotropheus elongatus "aggressive" vigorously defended a feeding area and sometimes a spawning site interspecifically, but did not feed in the peripheral part of their territory. Spawning sites of Pseudotropheus zebra, Pseudotropheus tropheops "orange chest", Labeotropheus fuelleborni, and Petrotilapia nigra were interspecifically-defended, while larger mating territories were defended against conspecific neighbours. Feeding areas were shared with many fish and often extended beyond the defended area. There was considerable variation in behaviour and space use within and between species and between times of day. 2. Non-territorial P. zebra used larger ranges than territorial conspecifics, and fed more on plankton, but individuals had preferred benthic feeding areas, often in conspecific territories. These 'floaters' were often aggressive. Both size and relative brightness independently predicted the outcome of aggressive interactions between floaters, and a site-specific dominance hierarchy was suggested, with some individuals appearing to be semi-territorial. 3. Males and females of 21 and 13 species respectively were found to establish temporary breeding territories. Overall breeding seasonality was bimodal, but reproductive timing and territory characteristics differed among species. Temporary territories had a considerable impact on the behaviour and habitat use of all resident mbuna species, even causing abandonment of territories. 4. Non-breeding Protomelas taeniolatus had limited home ranges, and showed little aggression. During the highly-synchronised reproductive season, males defended spawning sites and females fry-guarding territories. Most chases were directed towards the commonest fish, but predators were chased further and faster. Female behaviour changed over the guarding period. Females generally continued territorial defence after the brood had disappeared. Most broods contained fry of different sizes and species. Significant benefits were found for guarding females with clustered territories, but females did not appear to choose sites adjacent to conspecific parental females. 5. Territoriality in fish is taxonomically widespread and may serve several functions according to species, sex and developmental stage. It also varies according to genotype- and phenotype-limited strategies and short term costs and benefits. Territories may be simultaneously multifunctional.
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  • Date Issued: 1996

The effects of a personal growth programme on self esteem, loneliness and other indicators of divorce adjustment in a group of divorced women

  • Authors: Harms-Smith, Linda
  • Date: 1990
  • Subjects: Divorced women -- Psychological aspects
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
  • Identifier: vital:687 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002012
  • Description: Divorce is a major personal and social phenomenon, having a profound effect on those involved both directly or indirectly. The social work profession is faced with a large and vulnerable population at risk, and needs to take cognizance of the effects of divorce as well as the process of divorce adjustment in order to make a contribution in this area. Due to the significantly high divorce statistics, families and individuals are increasingly having to reorganise and adjust to the divorced status. This adjustment is a process which, if successfully negotiated, may ultimately lead to positive personal growth. Divorce, although extremely painful, may therefore paradoxically lead to growth and wholeness. It is during the stage of divorce adjustment that the social worker has a particular role to fulfil. Divorce adjustment may be assessed in terms of the attainment of positive functioning, making use of specific indicators for divorce adjustment. These indicators include self esteem; autonomy vs attachment; loneliness; parenting; social skills; and resolution of feelings around the divorce. Not only is there a need for the development of a clear measure for these indicators and therefore for divorce adjustment, but also for the development of a treatment approach specifically suited to the needs of divorcees in the process of post-divorce adjustment. The present researcher has aimed to address these issues by designing, implementing and then evaluating a personal growth programme and its effects on indicators of divorce adjustment. An extensive review of the literature was done. This covered the impact of divorce, the process of divorce adjustment, indicators of divorce adjustment, social work treatment approaches, and group work in divorce. An empirical study was then conducted whereby an experimental group was exposed to the group work treatment programme and a control group was not. A quasi-experimental design was used to measure the significance of changes in scores on various indicators of divorce adjustment. standardised measuring scales were used for the measurement of self esteem and loneliness, while a measure for indicators of divorce adjustment was especially designed for the purposes of this study. Both the experimental and control groups completed the measurements before and after the period of treatment. The present researcher designed a group work programme related to the needs of divorcees generally, and the needs identified by the participants in the study specifically. It was conducted over a period of ten weeks, consisting of ten one-and-a-half hour sessions. Eight divorced women attended the group. All had children and all had custody of their children. The programme included sessions on self esteem and self awareness; social skills (assertiveness and conflict resolution); loneliness; depression; and parenting. The sessions were structured and learning was based on experiential learning principles with brief didactic inputs. An eclectic approach was used by the researcher, drawing on theoretical models such as cognitive restructuring, gestalt techniques, psycho-drama, the client-centred approach and behaviourist techniques. An atmosphere of mutual support and feedback was encouraged and conscious use was made of self esteem/self-awareness building techniques. The main findings of the study showed that the personal growth programme (using a structured, skills training, self esteem/self awareness building, and experiential learning approach) had a significantly positive effect on self esteem and other indicators of divorce adjustment, but not on loneliness. The programme may therefore successfully be implemented in work towards divorce adjustment among divorced clients.
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  • Date Issued: 1990

Competition and segmentation : an analysis of wage determination and labour adjustments in manufacturing industry

  • Authors: McCartan, Patrick John
  • Date: 1986
  • Subjects: Labour supply , Labour market , Competition , South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
  • Identifier: vital:927 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001453
  • Description: The thesis itself proceeds according to the following outline. Chapter One is concerned with the neoclassical theory of the labour market. Three particular models are surveyed all of which attempt to explain wage differentials and labour adjustments within a competitive equilibrium framework. The basic model of the labour market which rests upon the marginal productivity theory of labour demand, the utility-maximising approach to labour supply and the competitive theory of market equilibrium is dealt with first.This is followed by an outline of human capital theory which emphasises the crucial role played by education and training in determining individual earnings . Finally, attention is focused on disequilibrium wage models of adjustment which account for wage dispersion in terms of the amount and quality of information available to transactors in the labour market.(Introduction, p. 3-4)
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 1986

The novels of André Malraux : a restatement of man's tragic dilemma in contemporary terms

  • Authors: Greshoff, C J
  • Date: 1971
  • Subjects: Malraux, André, 1901-1976 -- Criticism and interpretation
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
  • Identifier: vital:2299 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012092
  • Description: Writing about Eighteenth Century England, and more particularly about the age of Johnson, Trevelyan gives us an admirable definition of a classical age: It is a "classical age, that is an age of unchallenged assumptions, when the philosophers of the streets such as Dr. Johnson, have ample leisure to moralise on the human scene, in the happy belief that the state of society and the modes of thought to which they are accustomed are not mere passing aspects of an ever shifting kaleidoscope, but permanent habitations, the final outcome of reason and experience. Such an age does not aspire to progress, though it may in fact be progressing; it regards itself not as setting out but as having arrived." To apply this definition of a classical age to the protean Nineteenth Century might, at first glance, seem impossible or at least dangerous. Yet it is only when we see this century - and more particularly the period 1871-1914 - as a truly classical age, as the classical age of the Bourgeoisie, that we can understand the direction and meaning of the revolt during the Twenties and Thirties of which Malraux' work is so representative. Introduction, page 1.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 1971

Calendar of the Rhodes University College, 1908

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