Interrogating the specific challenges of teaching play texts in heterogeneous classrooms in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Hayes, Nicola
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:6022 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1021251
- Description: This study is an autoethnographic reflection, rooted in Action Research based on my teaching experience in a multicultural high school environment in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. It is an analysis, in particular, of teaching play texts in two classes, Dramatic Arts and English Home Language, at matric level. A combination of discourse analysis and autoethnography formed the theoretical basis for the interpretation of data drawn from lesson transcripts, group interviews, learners’ reflections and my own journalled reflections. This analysis has formed the foundation for a deeper reflection on culture, the colonist within, and the colonialism embedded with in my teaching, and in the education system more broadly. At a practical level, I suggest embracing student-led and co-led discussions of literature, as advocated by Mayer (2012), as well as transcultural readings (Keating, 2007), and Drama activities, as ideals in the teaching of play texts. These techniques are designed to encourage learners to develop intellectual authority as well as allowing them the space to enter discussions around culturally sensitive topics, while minimising the teacher’s hierarchical, dominant position. I also argue for the importance of making culture an overt topic of conversation. White English-speaking South African culture, in particular has been prone to “invisibility” and, through this, an unspoken normative position, particularly in multicultural school environments. I challenge myself and others to engage in ongoing efforts to articulate our particular perception of our cultures, dynamic and diverse though they may be.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Hayes, Nicola
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:6022 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1021251
- Description: This study is an autoethnographic reflection, rooted in Action Research based on my teaching experience in a multicultural high school environment in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. It is an analysis, in particular, of teaching play texts in two classes, Dramatic Arts and English Home Language, at matric level. A combination of discourse analysis and autoethnography formed the theoretical basis for the interpretation of data drawn from lesson transcripts, group interviews, learners’ reflections and my own journalled reflections. This analysis has formed the foundation for a deeper reflection on culture, the colonist within, and the colonialism embedded with in my teaching, and in the education system more broadly. At a practical level, I suggest embracing student-led and co-led discussions of literature, as advocated by Mayer (2012), as well as transcultural readings (Keating, 2007), and Drama activities, as ideals in the teaching of play texts. These techniques are designed to encourage learners to develop intellectual authority as well as allowing them the space to enter discussions around culturally sensitive topics, while minimising the teacher’s hierarchical, dominant position. I also argue for the importance of making culture an overt topic of conversation. White English-speaking South African culture, in particular has been prone to “invisibility” and, through this, an unspoken normative position, particularly in multicultural school environments. I challenge myself and others to engage in ongoing efforts to articulate our particular perception of our cultures, dynamic and diverse though they may be.
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Stories from forest, river and mountain : exploring children's cultural environmental narratives and their role in the transmission of cultural connection to and protection of biodiversity
- Authors: Alexander, Jamie Kim
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Children and the environment -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Conservation of natural resources -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Citizen participation , Environmental education -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Human ecology -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Oral tradition -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Social learning -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Traditional ecological knowledge -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:6061 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015267
- Description: Preservationist conservation created a legacy of national parks and protected areas that were surrounded by local people dispossessed of their land and denied the rights to use the resources they had previously relied upon. Although conservation is now shifting towards a more participatory approach, research gaps still exist in determining the meaning of 'the environment' and the role of local means of conservation in rural communities in South Africa. This study focused on children's cultural environmental narratives from two rural villages in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Children from grades 4, 7 and 10 were involved in the study, and adult family members, local experts and village elders were included in the study to allow for comparison between children's and adult's narratives and to realise what Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) was being passed on. This thesis considers children's use of the environment for play and their sense of place as key methods in ascertaining children's environmental narratives and perceptions. At both field sites, local experts and community elders possessed a wealth of cultural environmental narratives, but these narratives were not necessarily being passed on. Changing household structures and other socio-economic factors influence cultural environmental practices, which in turn have an impact on the cultural environmental narratives being passed down. In many cases, parents' safety fears strongly impacted upon children's access to the environment, resulting in gendered environmental knowledge. The study compared differing vegetation types and degrees of environmental access. The differing environments produced similar cultural environmental narratives, leading to new understandings in community environment relationships. Children living near the state administered forest had significantly less environmental knowledge, bringing about questions of sustainable bio-cultural diversity in the future. The recognition of cultural environmental values is especially important in the rural areas of South Africa, where unemployment and increased poverty levels have led to greater dependence on natural resources for social, economic and cultural purposes. It is proposed that local cultural environmental narratives and landscape perceptions be included into community conservation and environmental education policies and programmes to provide local solutions to the problem of biodiversity conservation in local contexts.
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- Authors: Alexander, Jamie Kim
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Children and the environment -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Conservation of natural resources -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Citizen participation , Environmental education -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Human ecology -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Oral tradition -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Social learning -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Traditional ecological knowledge -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:6061 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015267
- Description: Preservationist conservation created a legacy of national parks and protected areas that were surrounded by local people dispossessed of their land and denied the rights to use the resources they had previously relied upon. Although conservation is now shifting towards a more participatory approach, research gaps still exist in determining the meaning of 'the environment' and the role of local means of conservation in rural communities in South Africa. This study focused on children's cultural environmental narratives from two rural villages in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Children from grades 4, 7 and 10 were involved in the study, and adult family members, local experts and village elders were included in the study to allow for comparison between children's and adult's narratives and to realise what Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) was being passed on. This thesis considers children's use of the environment for play and their sense of place as key methods in ascertaining children's environmental narratives and perceptions. At both field sites, local experts and community elders possessed a wealth of cultural environmental narratives, but these narratives were not necessarily being passed on. Changing household structures and other socio-economic factors influence cultural environmental practices, which in turn have an impact on the cultural environmental narratives being passed down. In many cases, parents' safety fears strongly impacted upon children's access to the environment, resulting in gendered environmental knowledge. The study compared differing vegetation types and degrees of environmental access. The differing environments produced similar cultural environmental narratives, leading to new understandings in community environment relationships. Children living near the state administered forest had significantly less environmental knowledge, bringing about questions of sustainable bio-cultural diversity in the future. The recognition of cultural environmental values is especially important in the rural areas of South Africa, where unemployment and increased poverty levels have led to greater dependence on natural resources for social, economic and cultural purposes. It is proposed that local cultural environmental narratives and landscape perceptions be included into community conservation and environmental education policies and programmes to provide local solutions to the problem of biodiversity conservation in local contexts.
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Occult forces -- lived identities: witchcraft, spirit possession and cosmology amongst the Mayeyi of Namibia's Caprivi Strip
- Authors: Von Maltitz, Emil Arthur
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Yeye (African people) , Yeye (African people) -- Namibia -- History , Occultism -- Namibia , Witchcraft -- Namibia , Spirit possession -- Namibia , Cosmology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2121 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013279
- Description: Around Africa there seems to be an increasing disillusion with 'development', seen under the rubric of teleological 'progress', which is touted by post-colonial governments as being the cure for Africa's ailments and woes. Numerous authors have pointed out that this local disillusion, and the attempt to manage the inequities that arise through development and modernity, can be seen to be understood and acted upon by local peoples through the idiom of witchcraft beliefs and fears (see Geschiere & Fisiy 2001; Geschiere 1997; Nyamnjoh 2001; Comaroff & Comaroff 1993; Ashforth 2005) and spirit possession nanatives (see Luig 1999; Gezon 1999), or more simply, occult beliefs and praxis (Moore & Sanders 2001). The majority of the Mayeyi of Namibia's Eastern Caprivi perceive that development is the only way their regiOn and people can survive and succeed in a modernising world. At ~he same time there is also a seeming reluctance to move towards perceiving witchcraft as a means of accumulation (contra Geschiere 1997). This notion of the 'witchcraft of wealth' is emerging, but for the most part witches are seen as the enemies of development, while spirit possession narratives speak to the desire for development and of the identity of the group vis-a-vis the rest of the world. The thesis presented argues that, although modernity orientated analyses enable occult belief to be used as a lens through which to 1..mderstand 'modernity's malcontents' (Comaroff & Comaroff 1993), they can only go so far in explaining the intricacies of witchcraft and spirit possession beliefs themselves. The dissertation argues that one should return to the analysis of the cosmological underpinnings of witchcraft belief and spirit possession, taken together as complementary phenomena, in seeking to understand the domain of the occult. By doing so the thesis argues that a more comprehensive anthropological understanding is obtained of occult belief and practice, the ways in which the domain of the occult is constituted and the ways in which it is a reflection or commentary on a changing world.
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- Authors: Von Maltitz, Emil Arthur
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Yeye (African people) , Yeye (African people) -- Namibia -- History , Occultism -- Namibia , Witchcraft -- Namibia , Spirit possession -- Namibia , Cosmology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2121 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013279
- Description: Around Africa there seems to be an increasing disillusion with 'development', seen under the rubric of teleological 'progress', which is touted by post-colonial governments as being the cure for Africa's ailments and woes. Numerous authors have pointed out that this local disillusion, and the attempt to manage the inequities that arise through development and modernity, can be seen to be understood and acted upon by local peoples through the idiom of witchcraft beliefs and fears (see Geschiere & Fisiy 2001; Geschiere 1997; Nyamnjoh 2001; Comaroff & Comaroff 1993; Ashforth 2005) and spirit possession nanatives (see Luig 1999; Gezon 1999), or more simply, occult beliefs and praxis (Moore & Sanders 2001). The majority of the Mayeyi of Namibia's Eastern Caprivi perceive that development is the only way their regiOn and people can survive and succeed in a modernising world. At ~he same time there is also a seeming reluctance to move towards perceiving witchcraft as a means of accumulation (contra Geschiere 1997). This notion of the 'witchcraft of wealth' is emerging, but for the most part witches are seen as the enemies of development, while spirit possession narratives speak to the desire for development and of the identity of the group vis-a-vis the rest of the world. The thesis presented argues that, although modernity orientated analyses enable occult belief to be used as a lens through which to 1..mderstand 'modernity's malcontents' (Comaroff & Comaroff 1993), they can only go so far in explaining the intricacies of witchcraft and spirit possession beliefs themselves. The dissertation argues that one should return to the analysis of the cosmological underpinnings of witchcraft belief and spirit possession, taken together as complementary phenomena, in seeking to understand the domain of the occult. By doing so the thesis argues that a more comprehensive anthropological understanding is obtained of occult belief and practice, the ways in which the domain of the occult is constituted and the ways in which it is a reflection or commentary on a changing world.
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Case studies of second language learners who excel at writing in English
- Authors: Ntete, Susan
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: Second language acquisition English language -- Study and teaching -- Foreign speakers Language and languages -- Study and teaching English language -- Writing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1429 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003310
- Description: This study, which was carried out in Mdantsane township in the Eastern Cape, attempts to explain why some learners from the former Department of Education and Training, and whose mother-tongue is Xhosa, are more proficient English Second Language (ESL) writers than others. As one who grew up as an ESL learner, and has taught as an ESL teacher in this area, my interest in this field of study has been triggered by the concern of one who has experienced educational disadvantage. My understanding of what it means to be an ESL writer, given the status that English enjoys in South Africa presently, has been the motivating force behind this study. The study focuses on competent ESL writers. It is hoped that other researchers, teacher educators and teachers will learn something from the practices and strategies used by the learners in this study. In its investigation this study employs case studies. For purposes of triangulation, multiple sources of data collection have been used. The major areas of focus are on the learners and their ESL writing practices. Collection of data includes formal interviews with both ESL learners and their teachers, informal interviews with the learners' Xhosa teachers, observation as well as text analysis. The findings of the study suggest, among other things, that more often than not, it is learners who are motivated extroverts, ambitious go-getters and uninhibited survivors who become excellent ESL writers. Like any study, this has certain limitations. As a result the interpretation of data has been expressed in tentative terms. This does not mean that there is nothing to be gained from a study of this nature. Instead, the aim is to challenge more researchers to take up this issue, so that generalis ability across case studies can be achieved.
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- Authors: Ntete, Susan
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: Second language acquisition English language -- Study and teaching -- Foreign speakers Language and languages -- Study and teaching English language -- Writing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1429 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003310
- Description: This study, which was carried out in Mdantsane township in the Eastern Cape, attempts to explain why some learners from the former Department of Education and Training, and whose mother-tongue is Xhosa, are more proficient English Second Language (ESL) writers than others. As one who grew up as an ESL learner, and has taught as an ESL teacher in this area, my interest in this field of study has been triggered by the concern of one who has experienced educational disadvantage. My understanding of what it means to be an ESL writer, given the status that English enjoys in South Africa presently, has been the motivating force behind this study. The study focuses on competent ESL writers. It is hoped that other researchers, teacher educators and teachers will learn something from the practices and strategies used by the learners in this study. In its investigation this study employs case studies. For purposes of triangulation, multiple sources of data collection have been used. The major areas of focus are on the learners and their ESL writing practices. Collection of data includes formal interviews with both ESL learners and their teachers, informal interviews with the learners' Xhosa teachers, observation as well as text analysis. The findings of the study suggest, among other things, that more often than not, it is learners who are motivated extroverts, ambitious go-getters and uninhibited survivors who become excellent ESL writers. Like any study, this has certain limitations. As a result the interpretation of data has been expressed in tentative terms. This does not mean that there is nothing to be gained from a study of this nature. Instead, the aim is to challenge more researchers to take up this issue, so that generalis ability across case studies can be achieved.
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A hydrogeological investigation of the Grootegeluk mine
- Authors: Johnstone, Andrew Clifford
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Hydrogeology -- South Africa Coal mines and mining -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4795 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001895
- Description: The study concerns an assessment of the hydrogeological impact of an open cast coal mine in the North Western Transvaal Province of South Africa. The hydrogeological impact of the mine is assessed in terms of groundwater quality and levels. A monitoring system was installed to enable the present and future impact of mining operations on the hydrogeological regime to be assessed. Grootegeluk Mine is situated in the Waterberg Coal Field of South Africa and began production in 1980. The mine extracts fifteen million tons of mine material annually from a single open pit. Forty percent of the mined material is saleable product and the remaining sixty percent is stacked on discard dumps. The Daarby fault forms the northern boundary of the open pit and serves to bring the younger Letaba and Clarens Formations into contact with the older Beaufort and Ecca Groups. The mine discards are deposited north of the fault on a different hydrogeological environment from which they are mined. Dewatering of the mine open pit has resulted in a steady decline in water levels in the Ecca Group, south of the Daarby fault. In contrast, water levels north of the Daarby fault in the Letaba and Clarens Formations have risen. The short term hydrochemical impact of the mine discard dumps and slimes dams have resulted in a rise in the calcium, sulphate, chloride, fluoride and nitrate concentrations of the ambient groundwater . The longer term hydrochemical impact from the waste dumps, acid mine drainage, is not evident at present in the groundwater below the waste dumps. However, it is expected to manifest itself during the next ten years. A monitoring system was installed at the mine to allow groundwater levels and quality to be monitored. By measuring groundwater quality and levels the impact of the mine on the regional hydrogeology can be monitored and assessed presently, and during the next forty years of production. Monitoring will also enable the timeous implementation of remedial measures at an early stage and eliminate the need for large late stage "clean up" operations. Future monitoring of both water levels and quality will be crucial in evaluating the mine's impact on the regional groundwater regimes over the next forty years of production. The remedial measures recommended for leachate presently emanating from the waste dumps and slimes dams north of the Daarby fault, are a number of collector wells drilled into the basalts and sandstone north of the Daarby fault. The proposed positions of the wells (boreholes) are as close as possible to the dumps and slimes dams with expansion taken into consideration. The boreholes should be designed to lower the water level in the vicinity of the dumps in order to create a nett groundwater gradient towards the dumps and as a result, halt the spread of leachate away from the dumps. Grootegeluk plans to backfill the open pit with plant discards on completion of the mining of zone 2. The backfilled material will consist of the currently produced plant waste and will be covered with overburden and topsoil. It is expected that the backfilling will have a major impact on groundwater quantity if no remedial measures are implemented. The two remedial measures discussed are chemical treatment of the discard material before backfilling or the continual abstraction of water from the pit resulting in a nett groundwater inflow into the pit. No material from the present waste dumps and slimes dams will be transported into the open pit as backfill material
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- Authors: Johnstone, Andrew Clifford
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Hydrogeology -- South Africa Coal mines and mining -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4795 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001895
- Description: The study concerns an assessment of the hydrogeological impact of an open cast coal mine in the North Western Transvaal Province of South Africa. The hydrogeological impact of the mine is assessed in terms of groundwater quality and levels. A monitoring system was installed to enable the present and future impact of mining operations on the hydrogeological regime to be assessed. Grootegeluk Mine is situated in the Waterberg Coal Field of South Africa and began production in 1980. The mine extracts fifteen million tons of mine material annually from a single open pit. Forty percent of the mined material is saleable product and the remaining sixty percent is stacked on discard dumps. The Daarby fault forms the northern boundary of the open pit and serves to bring the younger Letaba and Clarens Formations into contact with the older Beaufort and Ecca Groups. The mine discards are deposited north of the fault on a different hydrogeological environment from which they are mined. Dewatering of the mine open pit has resulted in a steady decline in water levels in the Ecca Group, south of the Daarby fault. In contrast, water levels north of the Daarby fault in the Letaba and Clarens Formations have risen. The short term hydrochemical impact of the mine discard dumps and slimes dams have resulted in a rise in the calcium, sulphate, chloride, fluoride and nitrate concentrations of the ambient groundwater . The longer term hydrochemical impact from the waste dumps, acid mine drainage, is not evident at present in the groundwater below the waste dumps. However, it is expected to manifest itself during the next ten years. A monitoring system was installed at the mine to allow groundwater levels and quality to be monitored. By measuring groundwater quality and levels the impact of the mine on the regional hydrogeology can be monitored and assessed presently, and during the next forty years of production. Monitoring will also enable the timeous implementation of remedial measures at an early stage and eliminate the need for large late stage "clean up" operations. Future monitoring of both water levels and quality will be crucial in evaluating the mine's impact on the regional groundwater regimes over the next forty years of production. The remedial measures recommended for leachate presently emanating from the waste dumps and slimes dams north of the Daarby fault, are a number of collector wells drilled into the basalts and sandstone north of the Daarby fault. The proposed positions of the wells (boreholes) are as close as possible to the dumps and slimes dams with expansion taken into consideration. The boreholes should be designed to lower the water level in the vicinity of the dumps in order to create a nett groundwater gradient towards the dumps and as a result, halt the spread of leachate away from the dumps. Grootegeluk plans to backfill the open pit with plant discards on completion of the mining of zone 2. The backfilled material will consist of the currently produced plant waste and will be covered with overburden and topsoil. It is expected that the backfilling will have a major impact on groundwater quantity if no remedial measures are implemented. The two remedial measures discussed are chemical treatment of the discard material before backfilling or the continual abstraction of water from the pit resulting in a nett groundwater inflow into the pit. No material from the present waste dumps and slimes dams will be transported into the open pit as backfill material
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Vitalis en verteller: 'n ondersoek na aspekte van die romankuns van Gerard Walschap
- Authors: Vaughan, F E M
- Date: 1981
- Subjects: Walschap, Gerard, 1898-1989 , Walschap, Gerard, 1898-1989 -- Criticism and interpretation , Dutch fiction -- 20th century -- History and criticism
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3607 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003817 , Walschap, Gerard, 1898-1989 , Walschap, Gerard, 1898-1989 -- Criticism and interpretation , Dutch fiction -- 20th century -- History and criticism
- Description: In 'n hoofstuk getiteld In het teken van het persoonlijkheidsideaal in sy werk De Vlaamse Letterkunde van 1780 tot Heden bespreek R F Lissens die wegeb van die "expressionistische getij met die dood van Van Ostaijen, en die onvermoë van die roman om - op enkele min of meer geslaagde voorbeelde na - die tendense van die ekspressionisme te vertolk: verdere pogings in dié rigting loop dan ook teen die einde van die twintigerjare dood. Ook B F van Vlierden beskou die ekspressionisme as 'n in die grond ongeskikte voedingsbron vir die romangenre, met die gevolg dat die roman in dié jare - d.w.s. na die mln of meer naturalisties-impressionistiese romantradisie verteenwoordig deur Buysse, Streuvels, Timmermans, Claes - "in zijn eigen ontwikkeling op een kritiek keerpunt staat, waarbij men vooralsnog aIleen het kritieke van de situatie ziet ... Het decennium na de oorlog is in feite weinig gunstig voor de roman ... Ook P van Ostaijen heeft gepoogd een 'grote roman' te schrijven, maar deze werd nooit voltooid ... In de marge van het humanitair expressionisme ontstaan weI een aantal prozawerken, maar precies in het licht van de humanitaire poëzie is het vooralsnog duidelijk, dat deze uit een geestelijke kweeste bestaan, en dus een schakeI zijn in de ontwikkeling die van de werkelijkheid wegvoert naar een inwendig leven, naar een geestelijke ontwikkeling." Terselfdertyd, egter, is Lissens en Van Vlierden dit met J Weisgerber eens dat "het Jaar 1927 kan worden beschouwd als het begin van een nieuw tijdperk" en dat die leemte wat na die Eerste Wêreldoorlog onstaan het, weldra gevul sal word met 'n groot aantal romanwerke van 'n besondere gehalte. Die kritiek sien hierdie keerpunt met verloop van tyd al hoe duideliker in, maar erken nietemin óók dat die invloed van die modernisme, en met name die ekspressionisme, ''heilzame gevolgen heeft voor de roman. Niet vergeefs heeft deze beweging de ethische noot aangeslagen, de verantwoordelijkheidszin weer gewekt en al haar aandacht op de mens geconcentreerd. De nieuwe roman, die kort voor 1930 opkomt, kan men bezwaarlijk expressionistisch noemen, maar de grondige omkeer waar hij van blijk geeft, gebeurt ontegensprekelijk onder de invloed van het door het expressionisme gewijzigde klimaat." Anders gestel: "zij (gaan) akkoord met de veroordeling van de impressionistische en naturalistische opvattingen, maar tussen het individualisme van de 'estheten' en de humanitaire kunst van Ruimte, tussen de wetenschappelijke objectiviteit en de lyrische subjectiviteit kiezen zij doorgaans een middenweg. De nieuwe roman - en dat is de reden waarom hij deze benaming verdient - zal aan de individualiteit minder reliëf verlenen dan aan de 'persoonlijkheid', hetgeen wil zeggen dat het individu, dat zich op zichzelf bezint, aldus beseft dat het in morele of juridische zin met een gemeenschap verbonden is. Hij zal de mens tegelijkertijd in zijn individualiteit en in de eigenschappen van zijn soort beschouwen, en hoewel hij het Ik zal peilen, zal hij ook het zoeklicht richten op het onmetelijke terrein van de gemeenschappelijke waarden...". Dit is dus op die groeiende belang van 'n "persoonlijkheidsideaal, een modern humanisme dat sociaal solidair blijft doch de raadselen van de mens en het leven wil peilen" dat die klem tussen die jare 1930 en 1940 val: op "de mens op het voorplan", dus, maar óók op dié mens in gemeenskapsverband.
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- Authors: Vaughan, F E M
- Date: 1981
- Subjects: Walschap, Gerard, 1898-1989 , Walschap, Gerard, 1898-1989 -- Criticism and interpretation , Dutch fiction -- 20th century -- History and criticism
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3607 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003817 , Walschap, Gerard, 1898-1989 , Walschap, Gerard, 1898-1989 -- Criticism and interpretation , Dutch fiction -- 20th century -- History and criticism
- Description: In 'n hoofstuk getiteld In het teken van het persoonlijkheidsideaal in sy werk De Vlaamse Letterkunde van 1780 tot Heden bespreek R F Lissens die wegeb van die "expressionistische getij met die dood van Van Ostaijen, en die onvermoë van die roman om - op enkele min of meer geslaagde voorbeelde na - die tendense van die ekspressionisme te vertolk: verdere pogings in dié rigting loop dan ook teen die einde van die twintigerjare dood. Ook B F van Vlierden beskou die ekspressionisme as 'n in die grond ongeskikte voedingsbron vir die romangenre, met die gevolg dat die roman in dié jare - d.w.s. na die mln of meer naturalisties-impressionistiese romantradisie verteenwoordig deur Buysse, Streuvels, Timmermans, Claes - "in zijn eigen ontwikkeling op een kritiek keerpunt staat, waarbij men vooralsnog aIleen het kritieke van de situatie ziet ... Het decennium na de oorlog is in feite weinig gunstig voor de roman ... Ook P van Ostaijen heeft gepoogd een 'grote roman' te schrijven, maar deze werd nooit voltooid ... In de marge van het humanitair expressionisme ontstaan weI een aantal prozawerken, maar precies in het licht van de humanitaire poëzie is het vooralsnog duidelijk, dat deze uit een geestelijke kweeste bestaan, en dus een schakeI zijn in de ontwikkeling die van de werkelijkheid wegvoert naar een inwendig leven, naar een geestelijke ontwikkeling." Terselfdertyd, egter, is Lissens en Van Vlierden dit met J Weisgerber eens dat "het Jaar 1927 kan worden beschouwd als het begin van een nieuw tijdperk" en dat die leemte wat na die Eerste Wêreldoorlog onstaan het, weldra gevul sal word met 'n groot aantal romanwerke van 'n besondere gehalte. Die kritiek sien hierdie keerpunt met verloop van tyd al hoe duideliker in, maar erken nietemin óók dat die invloed van die modernisme, en met name die ekspressionisme, ''heilzame gevolgen heeft voor de roman. Niet vergeefs heeft deze beweging de ethische noot aangeslagen, de verantwoordelijkheidszin weer gewekt en al haar aandacht op de mens geconcentreerd. De nieuwe roman, die kort voor 1930 opkomt, kan men bezwaarlijk expressionistisch noemen, maar de grondige omkeer waar hij van blijk geeft, gebeurt ontegensprekelijk onder de invloed van het door het expressionisme gewijzigde klimaat." Anders gestel: "zij (gaan) akkoord met de veroordeling van de impressionistische en naturalistische opvattingen, maar tussen het individualisme van de 'estheten' en de humanitaire kunst van Ruimte, tussen de wetenschappelijke objectiviteit en de lyrische subjectiviteit kiezen zij doorgaans een middenweg. De nieuwe roman - en dat is de reden waarom hij deze benaming verdient - zal aan de individualiteit minder reliëf verlenen dan aan de 'persoonlijkheid', hetgeen wil zeggen dat het individu, dat zich op zichzelf bezint, aldus beseft dat het in morele of juridische zin met een gemeenschap verbonden is. Hij zal de mens tegelijkertijd in zijn individualiteit en in de eigenschappen van zijn soort beschouwen, en hoewel hij het Ik zal peilen, zal hij ook het zoeklicht richten op het onmetelijke terrein van de gemeenschappelijke waarden...". Dit is dus op die groeiende belang van 'n "persoonlijkheidsideaal, een modern humanisme dat sociaal solidair blijft doch de raadselen van de mens en het leven wil peilen" dat die klem tussen die jare 1930 en 1940 val: op "de mens op het voorplan", dus, maar óók op dié mens in gemeenskapsverband.
- Full Text:
An investigation into the loss of preservatives from opthalmic solutions, during filtration sterilization
- Authors: Naidoo, Nadasen T
- Date: 1970
- Subjects: Filters and filtration , Sterilization
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3851 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012931
- Description: Most eye drops are dispensed in multi-dose containers, hence protection should be given against microbial contamination during use. To remain sterile during it's use, the solution should contain a preservative in such concentration so that it kills micro-organisms in a short time. It has been stated in the literature that the instillation of contaminated eye drops constitutes a greater danger than the intravenous injection of a contaminated solution since the cornea is nonvascular and lacks the normal antimicrobial defences of the blood stream. Amongst the preservatives used, those included in the official formulations for eye drops are Chlorhexidine Acetate, Phenyl Mercuric Nitrate, Benzalkonium Chloride, and to some extent Phenylethanol, which may be used in combination with Benzalkonium Chloride. The main purpose of this investigation has been to determine the adsorption of these preservatives by different filters during sterilization by filtration. Part 1, p. 2.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Naidoo, Nadasen T
- Date: 1970
- Subjects: Filters and filtration , Sterilization
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3851 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012931
- Description: Most eye drops are dispensed in multi-dose containers, hence protection should be given against microbial contamination during use. To remain sterile during it's use, the solution should contain a preservative in such concentration so that it kills micro-organisms in a short time. It has been stated in the literature that the instillation of contaminated eye drops constitutes a greater danger than the intravenous injection of a contaminated solution since the cornea is nonvascular and lacks the normal antimicrobial defences of the blood stream. Amongst the preservatives used, those included in the official formulations for eye drops are Chlorhexidine Acetate, Phenyl Mercuric Nitrate, Benzalkonium Chloride, and to some extent Phenylethanol, which may be used in combination with Benzalkonium Chloride. The main purpose of this investigation has been to determine the adsorption of these preservatives by different filters during sterilization by filtration. Part 1, p. 2.
- Full Text:
Shakespeare's early comedies: studies in The comedy of errors, The taming of the shrew and The two gentlemen of Verona
- Authors: Bryant, Peter
- Date: 1970
- Subjects: Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Comedy of Errors Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Comedies Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Two gentlemen of Verona Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Taming of the shrew
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2291 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009964
- Description: This dissertation offers fairly full readings of three early Shakespearean comedies. Because these works are still partly misunderstood, it has seemed reasonable to lay the critical emphasis on explication, though a certain amount of judging has been inevitable. The aim has been to induce recognition of aspects of these plays to which much modern criticism has seemed opaque.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Bryant, Peter
- Date: 1970
- Subjects: Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Comedy of Errors Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Comedies Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Two gentlemen of Verona Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Taming of the shrew
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2291 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009964
- Description: This dissertation offers fairly full readings of three early Shakespearean comedies. Because these works are still partly misunderstood, it has seemed reasonable to lay the critical emphasis on explication, though a certain amount of judging has been inevitable. The aim has been to induce recognition of aspects of these plays to which much modern criticism has seemed opaque.
- Full Text:
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