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The principle of complementarity and hybrid courts: the case of the Special Criminal Court for the Central African Republic

  • Authors: Juma, Laurence , Chigowe, Lloyd
  • Date: 2018
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/125219 , vital:35747 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC-110b0e557f
  • Description: This paper seeks to locate the place of hybrid courts in the Rome Statute’s complementarity model using the Central African Republic’s Special Courts as a case study. The introduction of the Special Courts when the International Criminal Court has already intervened in Central African Republic has raised some concern regarding the Special Courts relationship with the International Criminal Court, especially whether it may defeat the complementarity regime established under article 17 of the Rome Statute. This paper seeks to dispel this concern. It argues that the creation of the Special Criminal Court should never be perceived as an indictment to the Rome Statute principle of complementarity, but instead a useful attempt to close the impunity gap that has arisen as a result of the collapse or dysfunctionality of national criminal justice system.
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  • Date Issued: 2018

Waiting for happiness in Africa

  • Authors: Moller, Valerie , Roberts, Benjamin J , Tiliouine, Habib , Loschky, Jay
  • Date: 2017
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , book
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67225 , vital:29061 , https://s3.amazonaws.com/sdsn-whr2017/HR17-Ch4_lr.pdf
  • Description: publisher version , From Introduction: Are the people in Africa really among the least happy in the world? And if African countries do have a ‘happiness deficit’, what are the prospects of Africa achieving happiness in the near future? These are questions we shall try to address in this chapter. The World Happiness Report (WHR), published since 2012, has found that happiness is less evident in Africa than in other regions of the world. It reports Gallup World Poll (GWP) ratings of happiness, measured on the ‘ladder of life’, a scale of 0 to 10, with 10 indicating greatest happiness. On the map of the Geography of Happiness, published in an earlier World Happiness Report Update 2015, the happiest countries in the world are shaded green, the unhappiest red. Africa stands out as the unhappiest continent, being coloured almost entirely in shades of glaring red (See Fig. 4.1). In 2017, the WHR reports that average ladder scores for over four in five African countries are below the mid-point of the scale (see Fig. 4.2). And only two African countries have made significant gains in happiness over the past decade . There are also considerable inequalities in life evaluations in African countries, and this inequality in happiness has increased over the past years . In this chapter, we shall tentatively seek a number of explanations for the unhappiness on the African continent, which is home to about 16% of the world’s population. It will be no easy task to identify factors that may have shaped perceptions of well-being among the 1.2 billion African people who live in 54 nation states with different historical, cultural, and socio-economic backgrounds. Nonetheless, we shall attempt to describe some of the positive and negative experiences in the lives of people in African countries that likely impact on personal well-being. We shall also try to identify the prospects for change and development that could spell hope for increasing the happiness of African people in future.
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  • Date Issued: 2017

Advance rulings

  • Authors: Arendse, Jacqueline A , Clegg, David , Williams, Robert C
  • Date: 2016
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , book chapter
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/131195 , vital:36535 , https://store.lexisnexis.co.za/products/silke-on-tax-administration-skuZASKUPG1440
  • Description: Chapter 7 of the Tax Administration Act, namely ss 75–90, deals with the formal system and process of the advance tax ruling system. It therefore follows that SARS may now issue advance rulings in respect of all tax types and tax Acts administered by the Commissioner. Procedures and guidelines, in the form of ‘binding general rulings’, for implementation and operation of the ‘advance ruling’ system may be issued by the Commissioner to give effect to the advance tax ruling system.
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  • Date Issued: 2016

An APPRAISAL analysis of the discourse of student assistants' reports at an Eastern Cape girls' boarding school

  • Authors: Mpofu, Lindiwe , Adendorff, Ralph
  • Date: 2012
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/123052 , vital:35401 , https://doi.org/10.2989/16073614.2011.651943
  • Description: This article reports on a pilot investigation into the language of assessment in a bi-weekly report system of an urban South African all-girls boarding school. The data are drawn principally from four student assistants working in one of the school’s hostels and are analysed using the theoretical framework of APPRAISAL. The focus is on the APPRAISAL resources that the stooges use in writing their reports, specifically their choices from the ATTITUDE and GRADUATION subsystems. Analysis indicates that Judgement and Affect instantiations, augmented by the use of Force rather than Focus, are dominant. There is also individual variation within the overarching prosody, indicating a difference between the ‘newer’ and the ‘older’ student assistants’ reports. We argue that such choices reflect and reaffirm the school’s core values and vision, the reports functioning as monitors of behaviour and as a means of aligning the learners with the school’s standards. The matron’s feedback is suggested to be an added measure of ensuring alignment with the school’s values.
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  • Date Issued: 2012

Nothing but a mass of debris: urban evictions and the right of access to adequate housing in Kenya

  • Authors: Juma, Laurence
  • Date: 2012
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/128425 , vital:36108 , http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttextamp;pid=S1996-20962012000200008amp;lng=enamp;nrm=iso
  • Description: The article explores the opportunities that the new constitutional dispensation in Kenya has created for the protection against unlawful eviction of poor populations living in urban centres. It analyses the content of the right to accessible and adequate housing as provided for in article 43 of the Constitution of Kenya and articulated in various international instruments, and traces how this provision has been applied in the eviction cases that the Kenyan courts have decided. From this analysis, the article suggests that the new constitutional dispensation has opened up possibilities for rights enforcement that the courts as well as administrative organs should take advantage of. It also makes tangible suggestions on how to improve rights litigation in this regard, such as affirming the rights of access to courts and seeking further judicial oversight prior to any eviction and the promulgation of enabling legislation.
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  • Date Issued: 2012

APDUSA Views

Metallophthalocyanine-based molecular materials as catalysts for electrochemical reactions

  • Authors: Zagal, José H , Griveau, Sophie J , Silva, Francisco , Nyokong, Tebello , Bedioui, Fethi
  • Date: 2010
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Article
  • Identifier: vital:7239 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1019718
  • Description: Metallophthalocyanines confined on the surface of electrodes are active catalysts for a large variety of electrochemical reactions and electrode surfaces modified by these complexes can be obtained by simple adsorption on graphite and carbon. However, more stable electrodes can be achieved by coating their surfaces with electropolymerized layers of the complexes, that show similar activity than their monomer counterparts. In all cases, fundamental studies carried out with adsorbed layers of these complexes have shown that the redox potential is a very good reactivity index for predicting the catalytic activity of the complexes. Volcano-shaped correlations have been found between the electrocatalytic activity (as log I at constant E) versus the Co(II)/(I) formal potential (E°′) of Co-macrocyclics for the oxidation of several thiols, hydrazine and glucose. For the electroreduction of O2 only linear correlations between the electrocatalytic activity versus the M(III)/M(II) formal potential have been found using Cr, Mn, Fe and Co phthalocyanines but it is likely that these correlations are “incomplete volcano” correlations. The volcano correlations strongly suggest that E°′, the formal potential of the complex needs to be in a rather narrow potential window for achieving maximum activity, probably corresponding to surface coverages of an M-molecule adduct equal to 0.5 and to standard free energies of adsorption of the reacting molecule on the complex active site equal to zero. These results indicate that the catalytic activity of metallophthalocyanines for the oxidation of several molecules can be “tuned” by manipulating the E°′ formal potential, using proper groups on the macrocyclic ligand. This review emphasizes once more that metallophthalocyanines are extremely versatile materials with many applications in electrocatalysis, electroanalysis, just to mention a few, and they provide very good models for testing their catalytic activity for several reactions. Even though the earlier applications of these complexes were focused on providing active materials for electroreduction of O2, for making active cathodes for fuel cells, the main trend in the literature nowadays is to use these complexes for making active electrodes for electrochemical sensors. , Original publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2010.05.001
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  • Date Issued: 2010

Principals' interpretation of their role in implementing the national curriculum statement : a study of three KZN Vryheid principals

  • Authors: Msane, Sikhumbuzo Goodenough
  • Date: 2009
  • Subjects: Curriculum planning -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal , Teacher participation in curriculum planning , Educational change -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal , Education -- South Africa -- Curricula
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
  • Identifier: vital:9511 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1133 , Curriculum planning -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal , Teacher participation in curriculum planning , Educational change -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal , Education -- South Africa -- Curricula
  • Description: Principals were struggling with the interpretation of their roles in the implementation of the NCS in South African schools, parlty due to the huge change and complexity of the NCS. It was found that principals did not understand their roles in the implementation of the NCS, and as a result did not develop staff, were not familiar with the roles of educators as specified by policy and shifted the burden of developing educators to the Department of Education. A qualitative research approach was employed. A reputational case sampling was conducted on three secondary school principals in the KZN Vryheid District. A semi structured interview and a semi-structured questionaire were employed on these three principals to gather data. Theme analysis was used to determine how principals interpreted their roles in the implementation of the NCS. I found that principals did not have enough understanding of their roles in the implementation of the NCS. However, principals complained that the Department of Education was more concerned about expanding access to education than quality of education. They also lamented that teachers had a low self- esteem with the profession. I found that principals required detailed workshops on their roles in the implementation of the NCS, ongoing curriculum leadership training, and required LTSM resources and equipped laboratories.
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  • Date Issued: 2009

Teachers' talk regarding inclusion: a comparative discursive study

  • Authors: Bomela, Yolisa Faith
  • Date: 2006
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
  • Identifier: vital:3123 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006135
  • Description: Much research on the educators' perceptions of and attitudes towards inclusive education has been conducted both in South Africa and abroad. What is absent in this literature is an acknowledgement of the socially constructed nature of teachers' responses to inclusive education and its recipients. In this study, the talk of educators involved in piloting inclusive education is compared to that of educators who are not involved, in order to determine the discourses from which educators draw in their construction of inclusive education. It is a comparative study premised on the social constructionist perspective in which discourse analysis was employed. The sample was drawn from schools piloting inclusive education in the East London District of the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa and was compared with schools not involved in the pilot, but in the same area. Semi- structured interviews were conducted with eight educators spread across two piloting and two non piloting schools. The analysis revealed significant similarities and quite minimal differences in the manner in which educators across the two settings construct their experiences of inclusive education. Even though the educators draw on the rights driven anti-discriminatory discourse, they still embrace the special needs/medical/expertise and charity discourses. These discourses construct disability around notions of disputed degrees of impairment, feared status and perceptions of disability as a personal issue rather than a public responsibility, and they undermine the status of people with a disability while supporting notions of dependency. In this article, I will argue that the historical legacy within which these discourses were originally constructed, will essentially continue unless there is a change in how diversity is viewed.
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  • Date Issued: 2006

New Unity Movement Bulletin

Sedimentology of the upper Karoo fluvial strata in the Tuli Basin, South Africa

  • Authors: Bordy, Emese M , Catuneanu, O
  • Date: 2001
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: vital:6731 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007540
  • Description: The sedimentary rocks of the Karoo Supergroup in the Tuli Basin (South Africa) may be grouped in four stratigraphic units: the basal, middle and upper units, and the Clarens Formation. This paper presents the findings of the sedimentological investigation of the fluvial terrigenous clastic and chemical deposits of the upper unit. Evidence provided by primary sedimentary structures, palaeontological record, borehole data, palaeo-flow measurements and stratigraphic relations resulted in the palaeo-environmental reconstruction of the upper unit. The dominant facies assemblages are represented by sandstones and finer-grained sediments, which both can be interbedded with subordinate intraformational coarser facies. The facies assemblages of the upper unit are interpreted as deposits of a low-sinuosity, ephemeral stream system with calcretes and silcretes in the dinosaur-inhabited overbank area. During the deposition of the upper unit, the climate was semi-arid with sparse precipitation resulting in high-magnitude, low-frequency devastating flash floods. The current indicators of the palaeo-drainage system suggest flow direction from northwest to southeast, in a dominantly extensional tectonic setting. Based on sedimentologic and biostratigraphic evidence, the upper unit of the Tuli Basin correlates to the Elliot Formation in the main Karoo Basin to the south.
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  • Date Issued: 2001

LRA Trainers Course

  • Authors: FAWU
  • Date: 1997
  • Subjects: FAWU
  • Language: English
  • Type: text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/176123 , vital:42661
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  • Date Issued: 1997

Up Beat Issue Number 9 1992

  • Authors: SACHED
  • Date: 1992
  • Subjects: SACHED
  • Language: English
  • Type: text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/116678 , vital:34424
  • Description: Far away in Canada, young, disabled people 1 are getting together. Erinoak is a centre which helps young people with disabilities. A group of young people decided they wanted to speak for themselves. So they started the Youth Advisory Committee or YAC, as they call it. Upbeat spoke to Jennifer Thompson, a committee member of YAC. Jennifer is 19. 'I joined YAC two years ago,' said Jennifer.'YAC has made a big difference to my life. It helped me to make friends. People in the group gave me support and I got a chance to help others,' she said. YAC meets once a month. We asked Jennifer what they do. 'We organise social events for young people with disabilities. We show movies and help teenagers get together. We also have a newsletter. YAC has helped me to build self-confidence. It taught me what I am able to do. It has made me feel good about myself,' said Jennifer. Jennifer is not the only person who thinks that YAC is great. Annette Symanzik had this to say. 'YAC is a special group for me. It gives me a place where I feel I belong. At YAC I am able to talk to others who have different disabilities. I liked all the events YAC did this year, especially the fun fair, the dance and the panel discussion,' she said. GOING TO SCHOOL In South Africa disabled children attend special schools. But in Canada disabled children go to school with other children. Jennifer attended a local school from the time she started nursery school. 'I had no real difficulties at school,' Jennifer told us. 'The other kids at school were always great. I am glad I was integrated in the school system. But sometimes it is very hard to deal with people who have a negative attitude towards my disability,' she said.
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  • Date Issued: 1992

Ons leer mekaar

  • Date: 1991-08
  • Subjects: Community development -- South Africa -- Periodicals , South Africa -- Rural conditions -- Periodicals , Government, Resistance to -- South Africa -- Periodicals , South Africa -- Politics and government -- 1989-1994 -- Periodicals
  • Language: Afrikaans
  • Type: text , book
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/76958 , vital:30649
  • Description: Op ’n sonnige Saterdag- oggend op Montagu kom daar ’n gekap en geraas uit ’n groot skuur. In die agter- grond sing ’n vrou ’n op- gewekte deuntjie. Wie werk so hard en so vrolik op ’n Saterdag? En waarom? Toe Ons Leer Mekaar onder- soek gaan instel, het ons die Montagu Skrynwerkers Ko- operatief leer ken - ’n be- sonderse groep mense wat op ’n besondere manier werk. Hulle is ’n span van tien, waar- van vier vroue is. En almal in die span is saam eienaars van die skrynwerkers-besigheid. Maandag-oggende besluit die span wat hulle target vir die week is. "En as ons nie target slaan nie, dan moet ons sit, al is dit Saterdag", vertel Leon de Koker, die produksie- koordineerder. "Jy werk vir jouself, so aan die einde van die dag kan jy nie ’n baas blameer, of se baas waar is my loon nie. Hier moet almal saamtrek. Elke lid deel in die winste van die ko-operatief, maar ook omgekeerd: as ons verliese maak, deel elkeen daar in." Die ko-operatief maak futon- beddens en ses-hoekiae tafels, wat landwyd verkoop word. Futon beddens lyk soos harde plat matrasse wat op die grond oop gegooi word. Die tafels word veral in kantore gebruik, omdat baie tafels in- mekaar pas om ’n groter tafel te maak. Dit word ook trapazoidal tafels genoem. Baie council huise op Montagu het nie elektrisiteit me. Die skrynwerkers verkoop hulle afval-houtjies teen R1 ’n sak vir brandhout. Die semels verkoop hulle aan die boere wat hoenders en perde aanhou. "In die somer noem ons dit die Coke-fonds, die geldjies wat so inkom", se Leon.
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  • Date Issued: 1991-08

October elections: a recipe for conflict?

  • Authors: National Union of South African Students
  • Date: 1988
  • Subjects: Elections -- South Africa , Local elections -- South Africa , Local government -- South Africa , South Africa -- Politics and government -- 1978-1989
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , book
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/72773 , vital:30112
  • Description: On October 26 1988, for the first time in the country’s history, South Africans of all races will be expected to go to the polls to elect their local government representatives. Never before have these elections been held together on the same day. That is about all that is historically "new" about the coming local authority elections. Yet to the government, the forthcoming municipal elections are all-important. So much so, that it is now an offense to call on people to boycott the elections. This booklet will attempt to find some explanations for why the coming municipal elections are so important to the government. How do they fit into the National Party’s political plans for the country and, most importantly, how do the majority of politically unrepresented South Africans view the elections and the structures of local government?
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  • Date Issued: 1988

Rhodes University Graduation Ceremony 1988

  • Authors: Rhodes University
  • Date: 1988
  • Language: English
  • Type: text
  • Identifier: vital:8122 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005705
  • Description: Rhodes University Graduation Ceremonies on Friday, 8 April 1988 at 8 p.m. [and] on Friday, 9 April 1988 at 10 a.m. in the 1820 Settlers National Monument. , Rhodes University East London Graduation Ceremony Saturday; 7 May 1988 at 11.30 a.m. in the Guild Theatre.
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  • Date Issued: 1988

The ICU

A guide to social pensions

  • Authors: Barratt, Inez
  • Date: 1976-03
  • Subjects: Pensions -- South Africa , Social security -- South Africa , Older people -- Services for -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , book
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/65412 , vital:28785 , ISBN 086982130X
  • Description: In the Republic of South Africa (and in South West Africa) social pensions are non-contributory and are paid out of state revenue, the funds for the purpose being voted annually by Parliament. With minor exceptions, the pensions are granted subject to a means test: that is, income levels are laid down which fix the maximum allowable income including pension. If the total income exceeds this amount an applicant will not be awarded a pension. When these totals are being calculated a certain sum is permitted, called ‘free income’, which does not affect the amount of pension that may be granted. (This ‘free income’ might be made up of earnings, or interest from investments, or profits from agriculture, etc.)These different figures vary according to the kinds of pension and to the population group. They are revised from time to time. Changes are announced by the Minister of Finance in his budget speech to Parliament and usually become effective some months later when details have been worked out by the departments dealing with the respective population groups. Because the conditions under which pensions are granted are fairly frequently changed, and improved, an application which was not successful one year may well succeed a year or two later. Therefore any applicant whose circumstances may have changed, or who believes that new rules may help his case, is advised to apply again. , Revised Edition
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  • Date Issued: 1976-03

Local economic development: disseminating global best practices to affect futuristic thinking in SA

  • Authors: Perks, Sandra
  • Subjects: Economic development , Economic development -- South Africa , f-sa
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Lectures
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20966 , vital:29423
  • Description: The aim of Local Economic Development (LED) is to ensure that the economy of a community, region or country grows faster than the population, so that there can be surplus resources for future expansion (Rucker, Kinnett & Barbash 2012). This suggests that LED is more than economic development at local level. LED is often not viewed from an economic perspective but from a political perspective. Birkhölzer (2005:3) outlines four possible political LED viewpoints. The first perspective is “development from above” with an authoritarian state dictating to regional government and local authorities. This perspective has been proven flawed when political or economic turbulences occur. The second perspective is “development from outside” with reliance on outside investors to bring into the country the necessary resources, mostly funding. This perspective is risky from a sustainability point of view. The third perspective is the “wait and see” where migration occurs if there are problems. This perspective is equally flawed as it is becoming increasingly difficult to migrate because it is so costly, and also finding the right place to go can prove to be problematic. The last perspective is the “development from within” where people play a key role, and do not rely on government or the economy to serve their needs or solve their problems; this points to self-sufficiency.
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The ICU

  • Authors: Industrial and Commercial Union (I.C.U.)
  • Subjects: I.C.U
  • Language: English
  • Type: text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/250706 , vital:52041
  • Description: Black people live and work in very poor conditions in South Africa. They have always protested and resisted this. But at the beginning of this century, these protests were limited to a few groups of workers at any one time. There was no organisation for black workers. Then, soon after the First World War ended, a new movement appeared. It spread through the land like a veld fire. The people began to talk of their liberation, their new leaders and their organisation - the Industrial and Commercial Union (the I.C.U.). As a farm labourer from Standerton said:"Man we thought we were getting our country back through Kadalie."
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