A Review of policies for sustainable solid waste management service in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality
- Authors: Qhayi-Shweni, Nokuzola
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Refuse and refuse disposal -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Sewage disposal -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/3001 , vital:28231
- Description: Waste is not only harmful to the environment alone but it is also a threat to human health and as such its proper management becomes critical. This study which adopted a qualitative approach focused on the review of policies for sustainable solid waste management service in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality in an effort to seek what the municipality’s Solid Waste Department should consider in ensuring that all the communities live in a litter free, clean and healthy environment, and ensure that such a service is received by all communities within its jurisdiction. The most sustainable solid waste management strategy would be to adopt the solid waste hierarchy of promoting waste minimisation, re-use, recycling, waste treatment and disposal as the last resort.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Qhayi-Shweni, Nokuzola
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Refuse and refuse disposal -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Sewage disposal -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/3001 , vital:28231
- Description: Waste is not only harmful to the environment alone but it is also a threat to human health and as such its proper management becomes critical. This study which adopted a qualitative approach focused on the review of policies for sustainable solid waste management service in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality in an effort to seek what the municipality’s Solid Waste Department should consider in ensuring that all the communities live in a litter free, clean and healthy environment, and ensure that such a service is received by all communities within its jurisdiction. The most sustainable solid waste management strategy would be to adopt the solid waste hierarchy of promoting waste minimisation, re-use, recycling, waste treatment and disposal as the last resort.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Infant observation : the first year of life
- Authors: Gering, Jeanne
- Date: 2013-10-02
- Subjects: Infant psychology Parent and infant Interpersonal communication in infants Mother and infant
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3196 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009451
- Description: This research project is about infant-observation, that is looking at, observing, and studying parent-infant interactions and relationships within the first year of life. The principle intention of the study is to illustrate and shed light upon human infant development and how the newborn becomes a fully functioning member within the family. The study provides a context in which to consider parent-infant interaction beginning in utero, expanding to the birthing process, and continuing through the infant's first year. It focuses on specific themes of parent-infant interaction. The following situations are explored: the role of the mother; the mother as a container; the infant's experience of containment; the internalisation of experience; the symbolic meaning of food; dealing with distress and the development of concrete communication; the growth of a sense of ego; and, the infant's internal world. The study concludes by addressing various implications for further psychotherapy and compares the therapist-client relationship to the mother-infant relationship. The research outlines one particular psychoanalytic theoretical orientation of mental and emotional development. It is a model derived predominantly from The Developmental School Theorists and Object Relations Theorists, namely, Bowlby, Klein, Mahler and Winnicott. This model looks at the infant's earliest relationships and the processes these set up within the infant's developing mind. Infant observation, asa research method proposed by Bick and Sidoli, links method and theory, and serves as the methodological approach utilised in the present study. A video, based on the parent-infant interaction of three families, provides observational data and may be viewed in conjunction with this research. , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in
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- Authors: Gering, Jeanne
- Date: 2013-10-02
- Subjects: Infant psychology Parent and infant Interpersonal communication in infants Mother and infant
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3196 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009451
- Description: This research project is about infant-observation, that is looking at, observing, and studying parent-infant interactions and relationships within the first year of life. The principle intention of the study is to illustrate and shed light upon human infant development and how the newborn becomes a fully functioning member within the family. The study provides a context in which to consider parent-infant interaction beginning in utero, expanding to the birthing process, and continuing through the infant's first year. It focuses on specific themes of parent-infant interaction. The following situations are explored: the role of the mother; the mother as a container; the infant's experience of containment; the internalisation of experience; the symbolic meaning of food; dealing with distress and the development of concrete communication; the growth of a sense of ego; and, the infant's internal world. The study concludes by addressing various implications for further psychotherapy and compares the therapist-client relationship to the mother-infant relationship. The research outlines one particular psychoanalytic theoretical orientation of mental and emotional development. It is a model derived predominantly from The Developmental School Theorists and Object Relations Theorists, namely, Bowlby, Klein, Mahler and Winnicott. This model looks at the infant's earliest relationships and the processes these set up within the infant's developing mind. Infant observation, asa research method proposed by Bick and Sidoli, links method and theory, and serves as the methodological approach utilised in the present study. A video, based on the parent-infant interaction of three families, provides observational data and may be viewed in conjunction with this research. , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in
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Government debt levels and the systemic risks associated with post-crisis fiscal policies
- Authors: Koekemoer, Jonathan
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Finance, Public Debts, Public -- South Africa Fiscal policy Monetary policy -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:1031 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004168
- Description: The study analyses the concepts of intergenerational equity and fiscal sustainability in South Africa. The question raised is whether or not South Africa can adopt stimulatory fiscal measures, with a simultaneous increase in debt, so as to improve long-term growth potential in a sustainable manner without creating an excessive burden on future generations. The debate surrounding the use of stimulatory fiscal policy has come to the fore once again as monetary policy has become a restricted and ineffective macroeconomic policy tool in certain countries after the world-wide financial crisis and the Euro-debt crisis. Fiscal sustainability risks and high debt levels remain a source of concern in the United States and the Euro-zone, while South Africa presently seems to be at no great risk. With South Africa’s intention to become a developmental state, the use and appropriateness of fiscal policy is considered. An overlapping-generations model is used to determine whether or not future generations will be burdened due to current stimulatory policy. The use of fiscal rules in South Africa is discussed and considered in light of various political incentives and constraints. The conclusion given is that the possible use of a procedural fiscal rule, such as the ‘golden rule’, may add credibility to the current regime, while a numerical fiscal rule is seen as unnecessary given South Africa’s responsible use of fiscal policy thus far. As it stands, there is little possibility or risk that the public debt in South Africa will become too high in the near future. Although South Africa has been affected by the crisis, the developmental nature of the economy has been sustained through the use of responsible discretionary fiscal policy, putting South Africa in a positive position to meet its long-run growth potential.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Koekemoer, Jonathan
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Finance, Public Debts, Public -- South Africa Fiscal policy Monetary policy -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:1031 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004168
- Description: The study analyses the concepts of intergenerational equity and fiscal sustainability in South Africa. The question raised is whether or not South Africa can adopt stimulatory fiscal measures, with a simultaneous increase in debt, so as to improve long-term growth potential in a sustainable manner without creating an excessive burden on future generations. The debate surrounding the use of stimulatory fiscal policy has come to the fore once again as monetary policy has become a restricted and ineffective macroeconomic policy tool in certain countries after the world-wide financial crisis and the Euro-debt crisis. Fiscal sustainability risks and high debt levels remain a source of concern in the United States and the Euro-zone, while South Africa presently seems to be at no great risk. With South Africa’s intention to become a developmental state, the use and appropriateness of fiscal policy is considered. An overlapping-generations model is used to determine whether or not future generations will be burdened due to current stimulatory policy. The use of fiscal rules in South Africa is discussed and considered in light of various political incentives and constraints. The conclusion given is that the possible use of a procedural fiscal rule, such as the ‘golden rule’, may add credibility to the current regime, while a numerical fiscal rule is seen as unnecessary given South Africa’s responsible use of fiscal policy thus far. As it stands, there is little possibility or risk that the public debt in South Africa will become too high in the near future. Although South Africa has been affected by the crisis, the developmental nature of the economy has been sustained through the use of responsible discretionary fiscal policy, putting South Africa in a positive position to meet its long-run growth potential.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
The bank lending and balance sheet channels of monetary policy: a theoretical analysis
- Authors: Gumede, Nomdumiso Beryl
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Monetary policy Money Bank loans Financial sheets
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:933 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001864
- Description: The credit channel and its significance in the monetary policy transmission mechanism has been a point of contention among policy makers and economists for many years. In the early stages of this debate the monetarist view shaped thinking on the topic and cultivated the belief that the money supply is exogenously determined and that commercial banks playa minor role in the monetary transmission process. However, over the years, the credit view presented by Bernanke and Blinder (1988) has gained momentum. In contrast to the monetarist view, the credit view abandons the assumption of perfect substitutability and argues that due to their credit provision activities, financial institutions playa significant role in the transmission of monetary policy. The credit channel consists of two sub channels, the bank lending and balance sheet channels. In both, deposits drive loans and changes in monetary policy are effected through interest rates and their impact on borrowers' balance sheets, bank reserves, bank deposits and ultimately the quantity of bank loans supplied. Disyatat (2010) re-examines the conventional view and presents an argument against the foundation upon which the theories are based. Using this as a basis, and motivated by the vast amount of empirical literature that already exists on this topic, both in South Africa and abroad, this research provides a theoretical analysis of the credit channel and its relative importance in the monetary policy transmission mechanism. The exogenous/endogenous nature of money supply is considered and its implications for the existence and operation of the credit channel set out. It is found that, in order for a credit channel to operate efficiently in an economy, money supply should be endogenously determined. Moreover, a theoretical argument supporting Disyatat's (2010) revised credit channel is presented; it is concluded that, with a slight variation to Disyatat's proposed model, a single, unified channel exists.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Gumede, Nomdumiso Beryl
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Monetary policy Money Bank loans Financial sheets
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:933 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001864
- Description: The credit channel and its significance in the monetary policy transmission mechanism has been a point of contention among policy makers and economists for many years. In the early stages of this debate the monetarist view shaped thinking on the topic and cultivated the belief that the money supply is exogenously determined and that commercial banks playa minor role in the monetary transmission process. However, over the years, the credit view presented by Bernanke and Blinder (1988) has gained momentum. In contrast to the monetarist view, the credit view abandons the assumption of perfect substitutability and argues that due to their credit provision activities, financial institutions playa significant role in the transmission of monetary policy. The credit channel consists of two sub channels, the bank lending and balance sheet channels. In both, deposits drive loans and changes in monetary policy are effected through interest rates and their impact on borrowers' balance sheets, bank reserves, bank deposits and ultimately the quantity of bank loans supplied. Disyatat (2010) re-examines the conventional view and presents an argument against the foundation upon which the theories are based. Using this as a basis, and motivated by the vast amount of empirical literature that already exists on this topic, both in South Africa and abroad, this research provides a theoretical analysis of the credit channel and its relative importance in the monetary policy transmission mechanism. The exogenous/endogenous nature of money supply is considered and its implications for the existence and operation of the credit channel set out. It is found that, in order for a credit channel to operate efficiently in an economy, money supply should be endogenously determined. Moreover, a theoretical argument supporting Disyatat's (2010) revised credit channel is presented; it is concluded that, with a slight variation to Disyatat's proposed model, a single, unified channel exists.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
The impact of staff educational levels in ensuring effective health programmes implementation : a comparative study of NPO's in the City of Tshwane
- Authors: Msomi, Sweetness Mbalenhle
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Public health -- Evaluation , Public health personnel -- Education -- South Africa -- City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality , Nonprofit organizations -- South Africa -- City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9178 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020139
- Description: This research study investigated the impact of staff education levels in ensuring implementation of effective health programmes: A comparative study of NPOs in City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality. The literature that was consulted explains the current level of education, worldwide and South Africa, challenges and reasons for lack of critical skills among health professionals and social workers. An exploratory approach was used in the study; by conducting a case study on two selected Non Profit Orgaisations (NPOs) namely, Hope for Life and Bophelong Life Community Hospice, both receiving funding from the Department of Health and Social Development and from the National Lotteries Distribution Trust (NLDTF) through the National Lotteries Board (NLB). Three methods of data collection were used to triangulate data, i.e. questionnaires, interviews and documentation reviews. Data was collected from staff members, NPO management and documentation from NPOs and Grant Funding System of the NLB. At the end of the study and using acquired information, a number of recommendations are made for the effective implementation of programmes for both NPOs and funding organisations such as NLB.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Msomi, Sweetness Mbalenhle
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Public health -- Evaluation , Public health personnel -- Education -- South Africa -- City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality , Nonprofit organizations -- South Africa -- City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9178 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020139
- Description: This research study investigated the impact of staff education levels in ensuring implementation of effective health programmes: A comparative study of NPOs in City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality. The literature that was consulted explains the current level of education, worldwide and South Africa, challenges and reasons for lack of critical skills among health professionals and social workers. An exploratory approach was used in the study; by conducting a case study on two selected Non Profit Orgaisations (NPOs) namely, Hope for Life and Bophelong Life Community Hospice, both receiving funding from the Department of Health and Social Development and from the National Lotteries Distribution Trust (NLDTF) through the National Lotteries Board (NLB). Three methods of data collection were used to triangulate data, i.e. questionnaires, interviews and documentation reviews. Data was collected from staff members, NPO management and documentation from NPOs and Grant Funding System of the NLB. At the end of the study and using acquired information, a number of recommendations are made for the effective implementation of programmes for both NPOs and funding organisations such as NLB.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
What challenges are being faced by women entrepreneurs in accessing micro finance services in Zimbabwe
- Authors: Mushanguri, Mejury
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Self-employed women -- Zimbabwe , Women-owned business enterprises -- Finance -- Zimbabwe , Financial services industry -- Zimbabwe , Entrepreneurship -- Zimbabwe , Microfinance -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9094 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1011765 , Self-employed women -- Zimbabwe , Women-owned business enterprises -- Finance -- Zimbabwe , Financial services industry -- Zimbabwe , Entrepreneurship -- Zimbabwe , Microfinance -- Zimbabwe
- Description: The research seeks to explore why women in Zimbabwe still face hindrances in accessing micro finance services and what can be done to meet their needs in a more holistic and effective way. Women play a crucial role in the economic development of their families and communities but are faced with certain obstacles that hinder them from performing their role effectively. Such hindrances as poverty, unemployment, low household income and societal discrimination. UNIFEM (1992) confirms that the majority of the world‟s poor have a predominantly female face and argues that women earn only 10 percent of world‟s income and own less than 10 percent of the world‟s property. African women have been characterised by the lack of empowerment caused by societal perceptions and negative cultural practice. In many cases of women rights violation it has been noted that this has been exacerbated by the over reliance on the male counterpart. Development practitioners have noted that micro finance as one of the strategies needed for women empowerment. Despite the concept having been practiced for at least 15 years now, women still face challenges in accessing micro finance services. There is need for Micro Finance Institutions to recognise the position of women in relation to men as actors in society.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Mushanguri, Mejury
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Self-employed women -- Zimbabwe , Women-owned business enterprises -- Finance -- Zimbabwe , Financial services industry -- Zimbabwe , Entrepreneurship -- Zimbabwe , Microfinance -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9094 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1011765 , Self-employed women -- Zimbabwe , Women-owned business enterprises -- Finance -- Zimbabwe , Financial services industry -- Zimbabwe , Entrepreneurship -- Zimbabwe , Microfinance -- Zimbabwe
- Description: The research seeks to explore why women in Zimbabwe still face hindrances in accessing micro finance services and what can be done to meet their needs in a more holistic and effective way. Women play a crucial role in the economic development of their families and communities but are faced with certain obstacles that hinder them from performing their role effectively. Such hindrances as poverty, unemployment, low household income and societal discrimination. UNIFEM (1992) confirms that the majority of the world‟s poor have a predominantly female face and argues that women earn only 10 percent of world‟s income and own less than 10 percent of the world‟s property. African women have been characterised by the lack of empowerment caused by societal perceptions and negative cultural practice. In many cases of women rights violation it has been noted that this has been exacerbated by the over reliance on the male counterpart. Development practitioners have noted that micro finance as one of the strategies needed for women empowerment. Despite the concept having been practiced for at least 15 years now, women still face challenges in accessing micro finance services. There is need for Micro Finance Institutions to recognise the position of women in relation to men as actors in society.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
South African police service deploys its first peacekeepers to Darfur, Sudan : a descriptive study on the deployment preparations and the role of the South African police peacekeepers in African union mission in Sudan (AMIS)
- Authors: Mokhine, Ntime Samson
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Peacekeeping forces , Conflict management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: vital:8214 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1027 , Peacekeeping forces , Conflict management
- Description: The focus of this research will be on the question as to whether the South African Police Service adequately prepares its police officials for the functions they will be performing in Sudan: Darfur. This broad question leads to further questions that include the following: What are the peacekeeping recruitment and selection criteria for the South African Police Service members who need to be deployed in Sudan: Darfur? Is the South African Police Service peacekeeping training curriculum adequate enough to prepare its members for their deployment in Sudan: Darfur? Does the South African Police Service have any measures to evaluate the role played by its members in Sudan: Dafur? What measures have been introduced to utilise the new skills brought by members that have been deployed? Are there any properly posted members with mission experience, who are capable of presenting and further developing peacekeeping training in the South African Police Service? Does the South African Police Service senior management have knowledge of generic peacekeeping concepts?.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Mokhine, Ntime Samson
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Peacekeeping forces , Conflict management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: vital:8214 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1027 , Peacekeeping forces , Conflict management
- Description: The focus of this research will be on the question as to whether the South African Police Service adequately prepares its police officials for the functions they will be performing in Sudan: Darfur. This broad question leads to further questions that include the following: What are the peacekeeping recruitment and selection criteria for the South African Police Service members who need to be deployed in Sudan: Darfur? Is the South African Police Service peacekeeping training curriculum adequate enough to prepare its members for their deployment in Sudan: Darfur? Does the South African Police Service have any measures to evaluate the role played by its members in Sudan: Dafur? What measures have been introduced to utilise the new skills brought by members that have been deployed? Are there any properly posted members with mission experience, who are capable of presenting and further developing peacekeeping training in the South African Police Service? Does the South African Police Service senior management have knowledge of generic peacekeeping concepts?.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
Byvoeding van skape op aangeplante weiding in 'n mediterreense klimaat
- Authors: Aucamp, Barend Bernadus
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Sheep -- Feeding and feeds
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech (Agriculture)
- Identifier: vital:10949 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/44 , Sheep -- Feeding and feeds
- Description: Tydens embrio ontwikkeling groei weefsel deur selvermeedering, maar soos wat soogdiere volwassendheid nader vind groei net plaas deur sel vergroting. Volwassenheid word beskou as wanneer spiergroei ‘n maksimum bereik. Groei sluit die neerlegging van vet in, maar spiermassa is van primêre belang. Die groeikurwe (Fig 1) waarin massatoename teenoor ouderdom vergelyk word, volg ‘n sigmoidale kurwe (Owens et al, 1993). Onder ideale toestande is die groeitempo van lammers relatief konstant van kort na geboorte totdat die helfte van volwassemassa bereik word, waarna dit geleidelik afneem tot volwassenheid (Black, 1983). Die afname in groeitempo begin gewoonlik met die bereiking van puberteit (Owens et al, 1993).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
- Authors: Aucamp, Barend Bernadus
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Sheep -- Feeding and feeds
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech (Agriculture)
- Identifier: vital:10949 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/44 , Sheep -- Feeding and feeds
- Description: Tydens embrio ontwikkeling groei weefsel deur selvermeedering, maar soos wat soogdiere volwassendheid nader vind groei net plaas deur sel vergroting. Volwassenheid word beskou as wanneer spiergroei ‘n maksimum bereik. Groei sluit die neerlegging van vet in, maar spiermassa is van primêre belang. Die groeikurwe (Fig 1) waarin massatoename teenoor ouderdom vergelyk word, volg ‘n sigmoidale kurwe (Owens et al, 1993). Onder ideale toestande is die groeitempo van lammers relatief konstant van kort na geboorte totdat die helfte van volwassemassa bereik word, waarna dit geleidelik afneem tot volwassenheid (Black, 1983). Die afname in groeitempo begin gewoonlik met die bereiking van puberteit (Owens et al, 1993).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
The shaman and the artist: a personal enquiry
- Authors: Cull, Cleone
- Date: 1975
- Subjects: Art, Shamanistic Shamans Artists
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: vital:2478 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1010640
- Description: This inquiry incorporates anthropological surveys on the life and character of the shaman, some writings of the American Plains Indians, and artist's, whose life and work reflects the power/life force so integral to the beliefs of these so called primitive cultures. Since the artist cannot be separated from his environment, the actions and reactions of society have also been explored. The method of inquiry has been to establish, first, the way of the shaman, and then the way of the artist. Although each artist, reflects only certain aspects of the enquiry, there is a strong affinity in the life and works of them all.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1975
- Authors: Cull, Cleone
- Date: 1975
- Subjects: Art, Shamanistic Shamans Artists
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: vital:2478 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1010640
- Description: This inquiry incorporates anthropological surveys on the life and character of the shaman, some writings of the American Plains Indians, and artist's, whose life and work reflects the power/life force so integral to the beliefs of these so called primitive cultures. Since the artist cannot be separated from his environment, the actions and reactions of society have also been explored. The method of inquiry has been to establish, first, the way of the shaman, and then the way of the artist. Although each artist, reflects only certain aspects of the enquiry, there is a strong affinity in the life and works of them all.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1975