Gender in Dirty Work: A systematic literature review
- Authors: Thabethe, Ayanda
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Psychology -- South Africa , Work -- Social aspects , Work -- Psychological aspects , Work -- Moral and ethical aspects , Work -- Physiological aspects , Quality of work life , Occupational segregation , Sex discrimination against women , Social constructionism , Dominance (Psychology) , Social influence , Discrimination , Systematic review
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Bachelor , BA(Honours)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/185609 , vital:44403
- Description: For most individuals work is an integral part of life that serves the dual purpose of safeguarding survival and contributing to their self-defining process. However, through the ages society has created a clear division of what constitutes good and bad work (dirty work). This paper aims to locate gender equality in the discourse of what has been termed dirty work. It will argue that whilst we have made formidable strides in the equality of the sexes in the workplace, we must undoubtedly acknowledge that we still have a lot of work cut out for us. Ultimately, it is my aim to produce a systematic literature review that argues that this rings particularly true in the context of dirty work. It will therefore attempt to formulate a comprehensive understanding of the effect of being a woman in occupations that are marginalized and looked down upon by society. It will identify the gaps that need to be addressed through reviewing literature regarding gender and dirty work.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Thabethe, Ayanda
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Psychology -- South Africa , Work -- Social aspects , Work -- Psychological aspects , Work -- Moral and ethical aspects , Work -- Physiological aspects , Quality of work life , Occupational segregation , Sex discrimination against women , Social constructionism , Dominance (Psychology) , Social influence , Discrimination , Systematic review
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Bachelor , BA(Honours)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/185609 , vital:44403
- Description: For most individuals work is an integral part of life that serves the dual purpose of safeguarding survival and contributing to their self-defining process. However, through the ages society has created a clear division of what constitutes good and bad work (dirty work). This paper aims to locate gender equality in the discourse of what has been termed dirty work. It will argue that whilst we have made formidable strides in the equality of the sexes in the workplace, we must undoubtedly acknowledge that we still have a lot of work cut out for us. Ultimately, it is my aim to produce a systematic literature review that argues that this rings particularly true in the context of dirty work. It will therefore attempt to formulate a comprehensive understanding of the effect of being a woman in occupations that are marginalized and looked down upon by society. It will identify the gaps that need to be addressed through reviewing literature regarding gender and dirty work.
- Full Text:
The origin of bedrock depression wetlands in the southern Cape of South Africa: a changing perspective
- Authors: Ellery, Steven
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Wetlands -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Geomorphology -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Physical geography -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Erosion -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Evolutionary paleoecology -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67833 , vital:29152
- Description: The predominant theory of the origin of depression wetlands in southern Africa was developed by Goudie and Thomas (1985) and focuses primarily on mechanisms relating to deflation and erosion as the main drivers of wetland formation. This theory is based on wind driven deflation of animal watering areas where heavy grazing and trampling of vegetation promotes removal of sediment over short periods of time by wind, to create local depressions and impoundment of water. However, this theory applies in arid and semi-arid areas where grazing can reduce vegetation sufficiently to lead to deflation but does not fully explain the origins of depression wetlands that have formed in moist climates or on ancient erosion surfaces such as the African Erosion Surface (AES). This study investigates the origin of a depression wetland that has formed on sandstone bedrock through weathering and dissolution on the AES in South Africa. Wetlands like this act as groundwater recharge zones such that water flows away from the centre of the depression, taking with it any dissolved solutes derived from weathering of the bed of the depression. Fluctuations between wet and dry periods create both highly reducing conditions (during wet phases) and highly oxidising conditions (during dry phases) beneath the margins of these depression wetlands. Some of the main constituents of the sandstone in this wetland are iron(III) oxides, which are highly sensitive to redox conditions and have therefore been transported to and trapped in the margins of the depression. The redistribution of iron(III) oxides from the centre towards the margins of the depression has caused a net volume loss in the centre of the depression, causing sagging, and a net volume gain at the margins of the depression associated with swelling. This process occurs over periods upwards of a million years and explains the presence of depression wetlands in moist climates.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Ellery, Steven
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Wetlands -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Geomorphology -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Physical geography -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Erosion -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Evolutionary paleoecology -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67833 , vital:29152
- Description: The predominant theory of the origin of depression wetlands in southern Africa was developed by Goudie and Thomas (1985) and focuses primarily on mechanisms relating to deflation and erosion as the main drivers of wetland formation. This theory is based on wind driven deflation of animal watering areas where heavy grazing and trampling of vegetation promotes removal of sediment over short periods of time by wind, to create local depressions and impoundment of water. However, this theory applies in arid and semi-arid areas where grazing can reduce vegetation sufficiently to lead to deflation but does not fully explain the origins of depression wetlands that have formed in moist climates or on ancient erosion surfaces such as the African Erosion Surface (AES). This study investigates the origin of a depression wetland that has formed on sandstone bedrock through weathering and dissolution on the AES in South Africa. Wetlands like this act as groundwater recharge zones such that water flows away from the centre of the depression, taking with it any dissolved solutes derived from weathering of the bed of the depression. Fluctuations between wet and dry periods create both highly reducing conditions (during wet phases) and highly oxidising conditions (during dry phases) beneath the margins of these depression wetlands. Some of the main constituents of the sandstone in this wetland are iron(III) oxides, which are highly sensitive to redox conditions and have therefore been transported to and trapped in the margins of the depression. The redistribution of iron(III) oxides from the centre towards the margins of the depression has caused a net volume loss in the centre of the depression, causing sagging, and a net volume gain at the margins of the depression associated with swelling. This process occurs over periods upwards of a million years and explains the presence of depression wetlands in moist climates.
- Full Text:
TiRiFiG, a graphical 3D kinematic modelling tool
- Authors: Twum, Samuel Nyarko
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Tilted Ring Fitting GUI , Astronomy -- Observations , Galaxies -- Observations , Galaxies -- Measurement , Galaxies -- Measurement -- Data processing , Kinematics
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/76409 , vital:30558
- Description: Galaxy kinematics is of crucial importance to understanding the structure, formation and evolution of galaxies. The studies of mass distributions giving rise to the missing mass problem, first raised by Zwicky (1933), give us an insight into dark matter distributions which are tightly linked to cosmology. Neutral hydrogen (H i) has been widely used as a tracer in the kinematic studies of galaxies. The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) and its precursors will produce large Hi datasets which will require kinematic modelling tools to extract kinematic parameters such as rotation curves. TiRiFiC (Józsa et al., 2007) is an example of such a tool for 3D kinematic modelling of resolved spectroscopic observations of rotating disks in terms of the tilted-ring model with varying complexities. TiRiFiC can be used to model a large number (20+) of parameters which are set in a configuration file (.def) for its execution. However, manually editing these parameters in a text editor is uncomfortable. In this work, we present TiRiFiG, Tilted Ring Fitting GUI, which is the graphical user interface that provides an easy way for parameter inputs to be modified in an interactive manner.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Twum, Samuel Nyarko
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Tilted Ring Fitting GUI , Astronomy -- Observations , Galaxies -- Observations , Galaxies -- Measurement , Galaxies -- Measurement -- Data processing , Kinematics
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/76409 , vital:30558
- Description: Galaxy kinematics is of crucial importance to understanding the structure, formation and evolution of galaxies. The studies of mass distributions giving rise to the missing mass problem, first raised by Zwicky (1933), give us an insight into dark matter distributions which are tightly linked to cosmology. Neutral hydrogen (H i) has been widely used as a tracer in the kinematic studies of galaxies. The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) and its precursors will produce large Hi datasets which will require kinematic modelling tools to extract kinematic parameters such as rotation curves. TiRiFiC (Józsa et al., 2007) is an example of such a tool for 3D kinematic modelling of resolved spectroscopic observations of rotating disks in terms of the tilted-ring model with varying complexities. TiRiFiC can be used to model a large number (20+) of parameters which are set in a configuration file (.def) for its execution. However, manually editing these parameters in a text editor is uncomfortable. In this work, we present TiRiFiG, Tilted Ring Fitting GUI, which is the graphical user interface that provides an easy way for parameter inputs to be modified in an interactive manner.
- Full Text:
Skewed interactions with evidence: a discussion of fixed sexually prejudiced beliefs
- Authors: Kirkaldy, Hannah Tshirukhwe
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Homophobia , Discrimination , Prejudices , Belief and doubt
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/7279 , vital:21238
- Description: In this thesis, I will argue that a challenge to the combatting of sexual prejudice (more commonly known as homophobia) through argument and evidence is that those on both sides of the issue are prone to a phenomenon known in psychology as confirmation bias. While the motivating concern of the thesis is sexual prejudice, and while I do discuss sexual prejudice throughout the thesis, I will focus mostly on confirmation bias, with the understanding that the picture I set out will have implications for combatting sexual prejudice at a later stage. The term confirmation bias refers either to the tendency to look for evidence which confirms one's already-held beliefs, or to engage differently with evidence based on whether or not you agree with its conclusion. After dissecting two paradigmatic experiments which explore these two kinds of confirmation bias, and arguing that they can be further broken down into sub-phenomena, I will focus on the latter kind, as I think it is the more relevant to sexual prejudice. Its essential effect on beliefs is to hold them steady in the face of evidence. In an attempt to explore the motivations we might have for engaging in this form of confirmation bias, I will argue that we can understand the tendency through a combination of a picture of beliefs as forming an interconnected web, and an understanding of the effect of affective elements on belief. Furthermore, given this motivational story, it is sometimes reasonable to hold beliefs steady. I will argue that finding the balance between giving up beliefs too easily in the face of contrary evidence, and holding onto them too rigidly, is an epistemic virtue. Finally, defending my picture from the objection that the mental states I discuss do not count as beliefs, I will argue that confirmation bias is a way of maintaining fixed beliefs.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Kirkaldy, Hannah Tshirukhwe
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Homophobia , Discrimination , Prejudices , Belief and doubt
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/7279 , vital:21238
- Description: In this thesis, I will argue that a challenge to the combatting of sexual prejudice (more commonly known as homophobia) through argument and evidence is that those on both sides of the issue are prone to a phenomenon known in psychology as confirmation bias. While the motivating concern of the thesis is sexual prejudice, and while I do discuss sexual prejudice throughout the thesis, I will focus mostly on confirmation bias, with the understanding that the picture I set out will have implications for combatting sexual prejudice at a later stage. The term confirmation bias refers either to the tendency to look for evidence which confirms one's already-held beliefs, or to engage differently with evidence based on whether or not you agree with its conclusion. After dissecting two paradigmatic experiments which explore these two kinds of confirmation bias, and arguing that they can be further broken down into sub-phenomena, I will focus on the latter kind, as I think it is the more relevant to sexual prejudice. Its essential effect on beliefs is to hold them steady in the face of evidence. In an attempt to explore the motivations we might have for engaging in this form of confirmation bias, I will argue that we can understand the tendency through a combination of a picture of beliefs as forming an interconnected web, and an understanding of the effect of affective elements on belief. Furthermore, given this motivational story, it is sometimes reasonable to hold beliefs steady. I will argue that finding the balance between giving up beliefs too easily in the face of contrary evidence, and holding onto them too rigidly, is an epistemic virtue. Finally, defending my picture from the objection that the mental states I discuss do not count as beliefs, I will argue that confirmation bias is a way of maintaining fixed beliefs.
- Full Text:
From 'here and now' to there and then : the evaluation of the effectiveness of Ehlers and Clark's model for treating PTSD in a rape survivor
- Authors: Davidow, Amy
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Post-traumatic stress disorder -- Treatment -- South Africa , Rape trauma syndrome -- Treatment -- South Africa , Psychotherapy -- South Africa , Cognitive therapy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2961 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002470 , Post-traumatic stress disorder -- Treatment -- South Africa , Rape trauma syndrome -- Treatment -- South Africa , Psychotherapy -- South Africa , Cognitive therapy
- Description: The purpose of this research is to document the response of a rape survivor to a treatment based on Ehlers and Clark's (2000) therapy model and to use the material to evaluate the effectiveness of this kind of therapy in the South African context. In so doing, the specific local cultural and contextual factors, which may affect the overall effectiveness of the treatment, will be highlighted and discussed.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Davidow, Amy
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Post-traumatic stress disorder -- Treatment -- South Africa , Rape trauma syndrome -- Treatment -- South Africa , Psychotherapy -- South Africa , Cognitive therapy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2961 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002470 , Post-traumatic stress disorder -- Treatment -- South Africa , Rape trauma syndrome -- Treatment -- South Africa , Psychotherapy -- South Africa , Cognitive therapy
- Description: The purpose of this research is to document the response of a rape survivor to a treatment based on Ehlers and Clark's (2000) therapy model and to use the material to evaluate the effectiveness of this kind of therapy in the South African context. In so doing, the specific local cultural and contextual factors, which may affect the overall effectiveness of the treatment, will be highlighted and discussed.
- Full Text:
Transforming ourselves to transform society, Report of the Organisational Review Commission to the Central Committee
- COSATU
- Authors: COSATU
- Date: Nov 2001
- Subjects: COSATU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/118674 , vital:34657
- Description: This report focuses on COSATU’s organisation in the 21st century in terms of organising and service strategies; organisational structures; and leadership, management and staff development. In each section, the proposals point to key directions for organisational renewal. The report will be discussed at the Central Committee meeting on November 19 to 22, 2001. It should be subjected to detailed debate and mandating in the run up to the Central Committee. The Seventh National Congress established the need for this organisational review. It noted the “need for a thorough organisational review,” in order to avoid a piecemeal and ad hoc approach. It therefore resolved, “A commission be established: to review structures of the Federation at all levels, including the substructures of the CEC, to propose policy changes and where appropriate propose constitutional amendments. The commission must report to the Central Committee in 2001, which will refer any proposed constitutional amendments to the next Congress.” In February 2001, the CEC established the Organisational Review Commission. At the time, it noted worrying trends in some unions’ ability to maintain services to members, and therefore decided to extend the review to include all aspects of organisational development. In April, the CEC approved terms of reference. The members of the Commission are listed in Appendix 1. They include NOBs of COSATU and affiliates, regional office bearers, some COSATU heads of department, representatives of NALEDI and DITSELA, and an (expert on organisational review. In preparing this report, the Commission held several workshops, and the extended September CEC discussed the draft in depth. Still, the Commission’s work was constrained by the lack of time and resources. Members have many other responsibilities, including mobilising for the strike against privatisation in August. The Commission itself did not have a dedicated budget.
- Full Text:
- Authors: COSATU
- Date: Nov 2001
- Subjects: COSATU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/118674 , vital:34657
- Description: This report focuses on COSATU’s organisation in the 21st century in terms of organising and service strategies; organisational structures; and leadership, management and staff development. In each section, the proposals point to key directions for organisational renewal. The report will be discussed at the Central Committee meeting on November 19 to 22, 2001. It should be subjected to detailed debate and mandating in the run up to the Central Committee. The Seventh National Congress established the need for this organisational review. It noted the “need for a thorough organisational review,” in order to avoid a piecemeal and ad hoc approach. It therefore resolved, “A commission be established: to review structures of the Federation at all levels, including the substructures of the CEC, to propose policy changes and where appropriate propose constitutional amendments. The commission must report to the Central Committee in 2001, which will refer any proposed constitutional amendments to the next Congress.” In February 2001, the CEC established the Organisational Review Commission. At the time, it noted worrying trends in some unions’ ability to maintain services to members, and therefore decided to extend the review to include all aspects of organisational development. In April, the CEC approved terms of reference. The members of the Commission are listed in Appendix 1. They include NOBs of COSATU and affiliates, regional office bearers, some COSATU heads of department, representatives of NALEDI and DITSELA, and an (expert on organisational review. In preparing this report, the Commission held several workshops, and the extended September CEC discussed the draft in depth. Still, the Commission’s work was constrained by the lack of time and resources. Members have many other responsibilities, including mobilising for the strike against privatisation in August. The Commission itself did not have a dedicated budget.
- Full Text:
Constitutional frameworks and democratization in Africa since independence
- Authors: Neirynck, Karim
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Democracy -- Africa , Constitutions -- Africa , Africa -- Politics and government -- 1960-
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2816 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003026 , Democracy -- Africa , Constitutions -- Africa , Africa -- Politics and government -- 1960-
- Description: The subject of this thesis is international studies, specifically a study of constitutional frameworks in Africa in the second half of the 20th century, focussing on a statistical correlation between constitutional frameworks, party systems, electoral systems and the Index of Democracy. The struggle to consolidate new democracies - especially those in Eastern Europe, Latin America and Asia - has given rise to a wide-ranging debate about the hard choices concerning democratic political institutions and political markets. According to Stepan and Skach " this literature has produced provocative hypotheses about the effects of institutions on democracy" (Stepan and Skach, 1993 : 1). It forms part of the' new institutionalism I literature in comparative politics that'holds as a premise that political democracy depends not only on economic and social conditions but also on the design of political institutions (Koelble, 1995 : 231-243). " One fundamental political-institutional question that has only received serious scholarly attention concerns the impact of different constitutional frameworks on democratic consolidation. Although the topic has been increasingly debated and discussed, little systematic cross-regional evidence [especially for our field of research: Africa] has been brought to bear on it " (Stepan and Skach, 1993 : 1-2). So far, only the book"on regime transitions in Africa written by Bratton and Van De Walle seeks to fill this empirical gap (Bratton and Van De Walle, 1997, preface xiii). In this thesis, we paid particular attention to the dichotomy between (pure) parliamentarism and (pure) presidentialism. Each type has fundamental characteristics, and for the purposes of classification these characteristics are necessary and sufficient. It was not our purpose to weigh the benefits and drawbacks of parliamentarism and presidentialism. Our intention was to report and analyse different sources of data, and we based our case exclusively on statistic correlatiohs between regime type and the record of democratic success and failure. We collected a data set about constitutional frameworks (matrix1), democracy indices (matrix2), party systems (matrix3) and election systems (matrix4). The basis for matrix 1 was the constitutions of the African countries (over time) and relevant literature. The basis for matrix 2 was the annual Freedom House ratings made by Raymond D. Gastil and others. The basis for matrix 3 and 4 was relevant literature. Once these matrices had been composed, we compared them and calculated statistic correlations. This long-dyration model allowed us to estimate whether African constitutional frameworks, party systems and electoral systems exhibit positive or negative correlation with the index of democracy.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Neirynck, Karim
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Democracy -- Africa , Constitutions -- Africa , Africa -- Politics and government -- 1960-
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2816 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003026 , Democracy -- Africa , Constitutions -- Africa , Africa -- Politics and government -- 1960-
- Description: The subject of this thesis is international studies, specifically a study of constitutional frameworks in Africa in the second half of the 20th century, focussing on a statistical correlation between constitutional frameworks, party systems, electoral systems and the Index of Democracy. The struggle to consolidate new democracies - especially those in Eastern Europe, Latin America and Asia - has given rise to a wide-ranging debate about the hard choices concerning democratic political institutions and political markets. According to Stepan and Skach " this literature has produced provocative hypotheses about the effects of institutions on democracy" (Stepan and Skach, 1993 : 1). It forms part of the' new institutionalism I literature in comparative politics that'holds as a premise that political democracy depends not only on economic and social conditions but also on the design of political institutions (Koelble, 1995 : 231-243). " One fundamental political-institutional question that has only received serious scholarly attention concerns the impact of different constitutional frameworks on democratic consolidation. Although the topic has been increasingly debated and discussed, little systematic cross-regional evidence [especially for our field of research: Africa] has been brought to bear on it " (Stepan and Skach, 1993 : 1-2). So far, only the book"on regime transitions in Africa written by Bratton and Van De Walle seeks to fill this empirical gap (Bratton and Van De Walle, 1997, preface xiii). In this thesis, we paid particular attention to the dichotomy between (pure) parliamentarism and (pure) presidentialism. Each type has fundamental characteristics, and for the purposes of classification these characteristics are necessary and sufficient. It was not our purpose to weigh the benefits and drawbacks of parliamentarism and presidentialism. Our intention was to report and analyse different sources of data, and we based our case exclusively on statistic correlatiohs between regime type and the record of democratic success and failure. We collected a data set about constitutional frameworks (matrix1), democracy indices (matrix2), party systems (matrix3) and election systems (matrix4). The basis for matrix 1 was the constitutions of the African countries (over time) and relevant literature. The basis for matrix 2 was the annual Freedom House ratings made by Raymond D. Gastil and others. The basis for matrix 3 and 4 was relevant literature. Once these matrices had been composed, we compared them and calculated statistic correlations. This long-dyration model allowed us to estimate whether African constitutional frameworks, party systems and electoral systems exhibit positive or negative correlation with the index of democracy.
- Full Text:
South African Typographical Union constitution as amended, reprinted and issued September 1982
- South African Typographical Union
- Authors: South African Typographical Union
- Date: 1982-09
- Subjects: South African Typographical Union -- Constitution , Labour unions rules -- South Africa
- Language: English , Afrikaans
- Type: text , pamphlet
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/110732 , vital:33327
- Full Text:
- Authors: South African Typographical Union
- Date: 1982-09
- Subjects: South African Typographical Union -- Constitution , Labour unions rules -- South Africa
- Language: English , Afrikaans
- Type: text , pamphlet
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/110732 , vital:33327
- Full Text:
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