Bringing river health into being with citizen science: River commons co-learning and practice
- Mickelsson, Martin, Thifhulufhelwi, Reuben, Mvulane, Paulose, Brownell, Faye, Russell, Charlene, Lotz-Sisitka, Heila
- Authors: Mickelsson, Martin , Thifhulufhelwi, Reuben , Mvulane, Paulose , Brownell, Faye , Russell, Charlene , Lotz-Sisitka, Heila
- Date: 2024
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/480383 , vital:78437 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/ejc-sajsci-v120-n9-a16
- Description: Human health and well-being are directly and indirectly dependent on the life of river systems. Life in river systems is increasingly dependent on human actions that bring river health into being. Rather than describing river health as thing, problem or management challenge, this paper explores how river health is brought into being, through the citizen science practices of the Amanzi Ethu Nobuntu project in the upper uMngeni catchment in South Africa. The study draws on focal data produced by citizen science practitioners, as interpreted by them in collaboration with par tners in the catchment, and their reflections on the meaning(s) of river health and how it came into being. Drawing on the concepts of citizen science as a co-learning process, integrative views of One Health, and commoning as activity, the study offers a rich interpretation on how river health comes into being. The study shows the complex interrelated practices involved, including practices of resolving leaks and pollution challenges, social and community engagement, and the co-learning involved in citizen science practices itself. It offers insight into the socialecological and ethical-political ontological dynamics of river health commoning activity, thus offering alternatives to reductionist approaches to bringing river health into being, potentially also enriching tools for river health reporting.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mickelsson, Martin , Thifhulufhelwi, Reuben , Mvulane, Paulose , Brownell, Faye , Russell, Charlene , Lotz-Sisitka, Heila
- Date: 2024
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/480383 , vital:78437 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/ejc-sajsci-v120-n9-a16
- Description: Human health and well-being are directly and indirectly dependent on the life of river systems. Life in river systems is increasingly dependent on human actions that bring river health into being. Rather than describing river health as thing, problem or management challenge, this paper explores how river health is brought into being, through the citizen science practices of the Amanzi Ethu Nobuntu project in the upper uMngeni catchment in South Africa. The study draws on focal data produced by citizen science practitioners, as interpreted by them in collaboration with par tners in the catchment, and their reflections on the meaning(s) of river health and how it came into being. Drawing on the concepts of citizen science as a co-learning process, integrative views of One Health, and commoning as activity, the study offers a rich interpretation on how river health comes into being. The study shows the complex interrelated practices involved, including practices of resolving leaks and pollution challenges, social and community engagement, and the co-learning involved in citizen science practices itself. It offers insight into the socialecological and ethical-political ontological dynamics of river health commoning activity, thus offering alternatives to reductionist approaches to bringing river health into being, potentially also enriching tools for river health reporting.
- Full Text:
Counting Common Starlings: is Sturnus vulgaris invasive in rural South Africa?
- Craig, Adrian J F K, Edwards, Shelley
- Authors: Craig, Adrian J F K , Edwards, Shelley
- Date: 2024
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/449344 , vital:74813 , https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2024.2304359
- Description: The numbers of Common Starlings Sturnus vulgaris and indigenous starling species, as well as a subset of other common birds, were recorded from October 2006 to January 2020 at 72 point-count sites along four routes (two urban and two rural) in the Eastern Cape Province of South African. In the rural habitat, Common Starlings were localised at buildings; in the urban habitat, there was no clear indication that their presence influenced the occurrence or abundance of the Red-winged Starling Onychognathus morio, a native species which has colonised towns and nests on buildings. In this region there is little evidence that Common Starlings invade areas that have not been heavily modified by human activities.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Craig, Adrian J F K , Edwards, Shelley
- Date: 2024
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/449344 , vital:74813 , https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2024.2304359
- Description: The numbers of Common Starlings Sturnus vulgaris and indigenous starling species, as well as a subset of other common birds, were recorded from October 2006 to January 2020 at 72 point-count sites along four routes (two urban and two rural) in the Eastern Cape Province of South African. In the rural habitat, Common Starlings were localised at buildings; in the urban habitat, there was no clear indication that their presence influenced the occurrence or abundance of the Red-winged Starling Onychognathus morio, a native species which has colonised towns and nests on buildings. In this region there is little evidence that Common Starlings invade areas that have not been heavily modified by human activities.
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Developing an approach for balancing water use and protecting water quality of an urban river ecosystem
- Sani, Zouera, Tshimanga, Raphael M, Odume, Oghenekaro N, Basamba, Twaha A, Katshiatshia, Haddy M
- Authors: Sani, Zouera , Tshimanga, Raphael M , Odume, Oghenekaro N , Basamba, Twaha A , Katshiatshia, Haddy M
- Date: 2024
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/484529 , vital:78930 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2024.103687
- Description: Urban stream syndrome is a growing phenomenon in tropical part of the world. Urban rivers face significant challenges due to pollution induce by anthropogenic activities, exacerbated by population growth and industrialization. The main objective of this study is to develop a generic approach to balance water use and the protection of water quality in urban rivers. Water quality physico-chemical assessments were conducted during the dry and rainy seasons at various points along the N'Djili River and its tributaries. Anthropogenic activities in the surrounding areas were also analyzed to determine water uses from each sampling site. Sites were classified based on their pollution level using multivariate analysis and hierarchical classification into management classes.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Sani, Zouera , Tshimanga, Raphael M , Odume, Oghenekaro N , Basamba, Twaha A , Katshiatshia, Haddy M
- Date: 2024
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/484529 , vital:78930 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2024.103687
- Description: Urban stream syndrome is a growing phenomenon in tropical part of the world. Urban rivers face significant challenges due to pollution induce by anthropogenic activities, exacerbated by population growth and industrialization. The main objective of this study is to develop a generic approach to balance water use and the protection of water quality in urban rivers. Water quality physico-chemical assessments were conducted during the dry and rainy seasons at various points along the N'Djili River and its tributaries. Anthropogenic activities in the surrounding areas were also analyzed to determine water uses from each sampling site. Sites were classified based on their pollution level using multivariate analysis and hierarchical classification into management classes.
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Perceptions and knowledge of ecosystem services in urban river systems, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Mack, Elizabeth A, Akamagwuna, Frank C, Murata, Chenai, Materechera-Mitochi, Fenji, Nnadozie, Chika F, Odume, Oghenekaro N
- Authors: Mack, Elizabeth A , Akamagwuna, Frank C , Murata, Chenai , Materechera-Mitochi, Fenji , Nnadozie, Chika F , Odume, Oghenekaro N
- Date: 2024
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/484496 , vital:78918 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-024-01562-w
- Description: The ecosystem services concept has been studied in rural contexts but not as much in urban landscapes, particularly for aquatic ecosystems in Africa. There is little knowledge of how people perceive ecosystem services (ES) supplied by rivers in urban centres and the factors influencing their perceptions. To fill this gap, the research presented here addresses two objectives: 1) to assess local communities’ perception and knowledge of different types of ecosystem services of an urban river in South Africa, 2) to assess the influence of particular demographic characteristics (age and gender), socio-economic characteristics (education, housing type, income, and years of residence), and prior knowledge of the ecosystem services concept on people’s perception of the ecosystem services provided by the Swartkops River in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. To address these objectives, a team of ten trained field staff collected 181 surveys between May–June 2021 in communities within the river catchment. We used multinomial logit models to analyse the relationships between demographic and socio-economic variables, and people’s perception of ecosystem services.
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- Authors: Mack, Elizabeth A , Akamagwuna, Frank C , Murata, Chenai , Materechera-Mitochi, Fenji , Nnadozie, Chika F , Odume, Oghenekaro N
- Date: 2024
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/484496 , vital:78918 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-024-01562-w
- Description: The ecosystem services concept has been studied in rural contexts but not as much in urban landscapes, particularly for aquatic ecosystems in Africa. There is little knowledge of how people perceive ecosystem services (ES) supplied by rivers in urban centres and the factors influencing their perceptions. To fill this gap, the research presented here addresses two objectives: 1) to assess local communities’ perception and knowledge of different types of ecosystem services of an urban river in South Africa, 2) to assess the influence of particular demographic characteristics (age and gender), socio-economic characteristics (education, housing type, income, and years of residence), and prior knowledge of the ecosystem services concept on people’s perception of the ecosystem services provided by the Swartkops River in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. To address these objectives, a team of ten trained field staff collected 181 surveys between May–June 2021 in communities within the river catchment. We used multinomial logit models to analyse the relationships between demographic and socio-economic variables, and people’s perception of ecosystem services.
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The effect of permanent protective netting on insect pest prevalence in citrus orchards in South Africa
- Marsberg, Tamryn, Peyper, Mellissa, Kirkman, Wayne, Moore, Sean D, Sutton, Guy F
- Authors: Marsberg, Tamryn , Peyper, Mellissa , Kirkman, Wayne , Moore, Sean D , Sutton, Guy F
- Date: 2024
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/452240 , vital:75114 , http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2254-8854/2024/a17244
- Description: The use of protective netting is becoming an increasingly popular practice in the citrus industry in South Africa. However, data on its effects on biotic factors, particularly insect pests, are limited. This study focused on the effect nets have on key citrus pests in the Eastern Cape province. Orchards under nets and open orchards, of similar cultivars, ages and management practices, were monitored at several sites over two seasons for pest infestation and damage. Weekly monitoring was conducted for Thaumatotibia leucotreta infestation. Other pests were monitored either monthly or once a season.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Marsberg, Tamryn , Peyper, Mellissa , Kirkman, Wayne , Moore, Sean D , Sutton, Guy F
- Date: 2024
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/452240 , vital:75114 , http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2254-8854/2024/a17244
- Description: The use of protective netting is becoming an increasingly popular practice in the citrus industry in South Africa. However, data on its effects on biotic factors, particularly insect pests, are limited. This study focused on the effect nets have on key citrus pests in the Eastern Cape province. Orchards under nets and open orchards, of similar cultivars, ages and management practices, were monitored at several sites over two seasons for pest infestation and damage. Weekly monitoring was conducted for Thaumatotibia leucotreta infestation. Other pests were monitored either monthly or once a season.
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# SideHustle: Jason GH Londt’s contribution to holdings of the South African Cicadidae (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha) in the KwaZulu-Natal Museum
- Authors: Villet, Martin H
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/440598 , vital:73796 , 10.3897/afrinvertebr.64.100851
- Description: Jason GH Londt contributed almost a quarter of the KwaZulu-Natal Museum’s specimens of Cicadidae, including a strong sample of females, and probably the best set to date of African records of predation on cicadas by robber flies. The collection provides evidence that robber flies catch more male cicadas; speculatively, because attacks on the heavier-bodied female fail more often. The metadata derived from these specimens also provide a small gazetteer of Londt’s collecting sites.
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- Authors: Villet, Martin H
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/440598 , vital:73796 , 10.3897/afrinvertebr.64.100851
- Description: Jason GH Londt contributed almost a quarter of the KwaZulu-Natal Museum’s specimens of Cicadidae, including a strong sample of females, and probably the best set to date of African records of predation on cicadas by robber flies. The collection provides evidence that robber flies catch more male cicadas; speculatively, because attacks on the heavier-bodied female fail more often. The metadata derived from these specimens also provide a small gazetteer of Londt’s collecting sites.
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Check for updates Assessing the Impact of DNS Configuration
- Okuthe, J A, Terzoli, Alfredo
- Authors: Okuthe, J A , Terzoli, Alfredo
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/430917 , vital:72727 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34896-9
- Description: Domain name system (DNS) is an essential enabler for connecting us-ers and services on the Internet. DNS translates human readable do-main names into IP addresses and precedes client connection to a server via a domain name. DNS service is therefore expected to con-sume network bandwidth even though it offers no direct benefit to the user. Having observed the large component of DNS traffic on the com-munity network local loop in our previous study, we migrated the DNS service from a server on the LAN to the gateway router and reconfig-ured the cache time-to-live. Results from the analysis of network traffic captured from the gateway router interface show a 26% decrease in the downlink bandwidth utilization and 46% decline in the uplink bandwidth utilization. The DNS component of the local loop traffic reduces from 45.28% to 4.11%. On the other hand, the Web component of the local loop traffic increases from 49.42% to 95.49%. Data collected from a mirroring port on the LAN switch indicate a decrease in the DNS portion of the internal traffic from 0.38% to 0.18%. Although the DNS reconfigu-ration helps alleviate network bandwidth constraints and reduces DNS component of the traffic, the Web portion increases. The implementa-tion of effective, efficient and sustainable Web traffic management is therefore required.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Okuthe, J A , Terzoli, Alfredo
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/430917 , vital:72727 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34896-9
- Description: Domain name system (DNS) is an essential enabler for connecting us-ers and services on the Internet. DNS translates human readable do-main names into IP addresses and precedes client connection to a server via a domain name. DNS service is therefore expected to con-sume network bandwidth even though it offers no direct benefit to the user. Having observed the large component of DNS traffic on the com-munity network local loop in our previous study, we migrated the DNS service from a server on the LAN to the gateway router and reconfig-ured the cache time-to-live. Results from the analysis of network traffic captured from the gateway router interface show a 26% decrease in the downlink bandwidth utilization and 46% decline in the uplink bandwidth utilization. The DNS component of the local loop traffic reduces from 45.28% to 4.11%. On the other hand, the Web component of the local loop traffic increases from 49.42% to 95.49%. Data collected from a mirroring port on the LAN switch indicate a decrease in the DNS portion of the internal traffic from 0.38% to 0.18%. Although the DNS reconfigu-ration helps alleviate network bandwidth constraints and reduces DNS component of the traffic, the Web portion increases. The implementa-tion of effective, efficient and sustainable Web traffic management is therefore required.
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Community Engagement as Publishable Scholarship
- Authors: Clayton, Peter G
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/481436 , vital:78551 , https://doi.org/10.21504/ajhece.v1i1.2481
- Description: The structures that evaluate what counts as novel and fundable knowledge have evolved over a long timeline, primarily driven by traditional forms of explorative, descriptive and critical analysis research. Community Based Participatory Research does not always fit evaluation and funding structures as comfortably as these models of research which are more established in the global academy, and requires careful navigation of, and some further fine-tuning to, review and accreditation processes, to stand beside more traditionally accepted scholarly practices in being readily recognised as producing original scholarly knowledge.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Clayton, Peter G
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/481436 , vital:78551 , https://doi.org/10.21504/ajhece.v1i1.2481
- Description: The structures that evaluate what counts as novel and fundable knowledge have evolved over a long timeline, primarily driven by traditional forms of explorative, descriptive and critical analysis research. Community Based Participatory Research does not always fit evaluation and funding structures as comfortably as these models of research which are more established in the global academy, and requires careful navigation of, and some further fine-tuning to, review and accreditation processes, to stand beside more traditionally accepted scholarly practices in being readily recognised as producing original scholarly knowledge.
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Lifting the ‘knee on the neck’ through virtual collaboration within creative and therapeutic art methodologies
- Mokuku, Selloane, Molefe, Butana, Magagula, Noluvuyo
- Authors: Mokuku, Selloane , Molefe, Butana , Magagula, Noluvuyo
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/469111 , vital:77210 , https://doi.org/10.1386/dtr_00118_1
- Description: Police brutality towards Black people and People of Colour (POC) has been a thorn for centuries in South Africa and the world. The advent of COVID-19 escalated this struggle to unimaginable heights, illuminating, amongst other things, the epistemological and ontological limitations underpinning modernity . Nevertheless, the killing of George Floyd moved masses across the globe to reflect critically on the injustices that Black people endure. Equally, social media shone a spotlight to mobilize consciousness amidst the pandemic restrictions. Moved by the mood of the time, we (a group of primarily arts practitioners and thinkers) organized virtual ‘intergenerational and intercontinental dialogues’ to explore how the dialogic approaches informed by the principles of applied theatre may catalyse drama therapy approaches. Through conversations that we named ‘epistemological injustice’, we made discoveries that included noticing how the biases we all carry may serve as enablers or constraints in embracing therapeutic encounters across disciplines. This article shares insights from the ‘#Talks’ and generates reflective material for creative arts therapies and applied theatre methodologies.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mokuku, Selloane , Molefe, Butana , Magagula, Noluvuyo
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/469111 , vital:77210 , https://doi.org/10.1386/dtr_00118_1
- Description: Police brutality towards Black people and People of Colour (POC) has been a thorn for centuries in South Africa and the world. The advent of COVID-19 escalated this struggle to unimaginable heights, illuminating, amongst other things, the epistemological and ontological limitations underpinning modernity . Nevertheless, the killing of George Floyd moved masses across the globe to reflect critically on the injustices that Black people endure. Equally, social media shone a spotlight to mobilize consciousness amidst the pandemic restrictions. Moved by the mood of the time, we (a group of primarily arts practitioners and thinkers) organized virtual ‘intergenerational and intercontinental dialogues’ to explore how the dialogic approaches informed by the principles of applied theatre may catalyse drama therapy approaches. Through conversations that we named ‘epistemological injustice’, we made discoveries that included noticing how the biases we all carry may serve as enablers or constraints in embracing therapeutic encounters across disciplines. This article shares insights from the ‘#Talks’ and generates reflective material for creative arts therapies and applied theatre methodologies.
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Microplastics as vectors of chemical contaminants and biological agents in freshwater ecosystems: Current knowledge status and future perspectives
- Tumwesigye, Edgar, Nnadozie, Chika F, Akamagwuna, Frank C, Noundou, Xavier S, Nyakairu, George W A, Odume, Oghenekaro N
- Authors: Tumwesigye, Edgar , Nnadozie, Chika F , Akamagwuna, Frank C , Noundou, Xavier S , Nyakairu, George W A , Odume, Oghenekaro N
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/484484 , vital:78917 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121829
- Description: Microplastics (MPs) are becoming ubiquitous, and their environmental fate is becoming an issue of concern. Our review aims to synthesize current knowledge status and provide future perspectives regarding the vector effect of MPs for chemical contaminants and biological agents. The evidence in the literature indicates that MPs are a vector for persistent organic pollutants (POPs), metals and pharmaceuticals. Concentrations of chemical contaminant in orders of six-fold higher on MPs surfaces than in the surrounding environmental waters have been reported. Chemical pollutants such as perfluoroalkyl substances (PAFSs), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCHs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), exhibiting polarities in the range of 3.3–9 are the commonest chemicals reported on MP surfaces. Regarding metals on MPs including chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), cobalt (Co), the presence of C–O and N–H in MPs promote a relatively high adsorption of these metals onto MP surfaces. Regarding pharmaceuticals, not much has been done, but a few studies indicate that commonly used drugs such as ibuprofen, ibuprofen, diclofenac, and naproxen have been associated with MPs. There is sufficient evidence supporting the claim that MPs can act as vectors for viruses, bacterial and antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes, and MPs act to accelerate horizontal and vertical gene transfer. An area that deserves urgent attention is whether MPs can act as vectors for invertebrates and vertebrates, mainly non-native, invasive freshwater species. Despite the ecological significance of invasive biology, little research has been done in this regard. Overall, our review summarises the state of the current knowledge, identifies critical research gaps and provides perspectives for future research.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Tumwesigye, Edgar , Nnadozie, Chika F , Akamagwuna, Frank C , Noundou, Xavier S , Nyakairu, George W A , Odume, Oghenekaro N
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/484484 , vital:78917 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121829
- Description: Microplastics (MPs) are becoming ubiquitous, and their environmental fate is becoming an issue of concern. Our review aims to synthesize current knowledge status and provide future perspectives regarding the vector effect of MPs for chemical contaminants and biological agents. The evidence in the literature indicates that MPs are a vector for persistent organic pollutants (POPs), metals and pharmaceuticals. Concentrations of chemical contaminant in orders of six-fold higher on MPs surfaces than in the surrounding environmental waters have been reported. Chemical pollutants such as perfluoroalkyl substances (PAFSs), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCHs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), exhibiting polarities in the range of 3.3–9 are the commonest chemicals reported on MP surfaces. Regarding metals on MPs including chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), cobalt (Co), the presence of C–O and N–H in MPs promote a relatively high adsorption of these metals onto MP surfaces. Regarding pharmaceuticals, not much has been done, but a few studies indicate that commonly used drugs such as ibuprofen, ibuprofen, diclofenac, and naproxen have been associated with MPs. There is sufficient evidence supporting the claim that MPs can act as vectors for viruses, bacterial and antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes, and MPs act to accelerate horizontal and vertical gene transfer. An area that deserves urgent attention is whether MPs can act as vectors for invertebrates and vertebrates, mainly non-native, invasive freshwater species. Despite the ecological significance of invasive biology, little research has been done in this regard. Overall, our review summarises the state of the current knowledge, identifies critical research gaps and provides perspectives for future research.
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Sample size assessments for thermal physiology studies: An R package and R Shiny application
- van Steenderen, Clarke J M, Sutton, Guy F, Owen, Candice A, Martin, Grant D, Coetzee, Julie A
- Authors: van Steenderen, Clarke J M , Sutton, Guy F , Owen, Candice A , Martin, Grant D , Coetzee, Julie A
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/444455 , vital:74242 , https://doi.org/10.1111/phen.12416
- Description: Required sample sizes for a study need to be carefully assessed to account for logistics, cost, ethics and statistical rigour. For example, many studies have shown that methodological variations can impact the critical thermal limits (CTLs) recorded for a species, although studies on the impact of sample size on these measures are lacking. Here, we present ThermalSampleR; an R CRAN package and Shiny application that can assist researchers in determining when adequate sample sizes have been reached for their data. The method is particularly useful because it is not taxon specific. The Shiny application offers a user‐friendly interface equivalent to the package for users not familiar with R programming. ThermalSampleR is accompanied by an in‐built example dataset, which we use to guide the user through the workflow with a fully worked tutorial.
- Full Text:
- Authors: van Steenderen, Clarke J M , Sutton, Guy F , Owen, Candice A , Martin, Grant D , Coetzee, Julie A
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/444455 , vital:74242 , https://doi.org/10.1111/phen.12416
- Description: Required sample sizes for a study need to be carefully assessed to account for logistics, cost, ethics and statistical rigour. For example, many studies have shown that methodological variations can impact the critical thermal limits (CTLs) recorded for a species, although studies on the impact of sample size on these measures are lacking. Here, we present ThermalSampleR; an R CRAN package and Shiny application that can assist researchers in determining when adequate sample sizes have been reached for their data. The method is particularly useful because it is not taxon specific. The Shiny application offers a user‐friendly interface equivalent to the package for users not familiar with R programming. ThermalSampleR is accompanied by an in‐built example dataset, which we use to guide the user through the workflow with a fully worked tutorial.
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Stakeholders’ Perceptions of Participation in Science Expos: A South African Case Study
- Ngcoza, Kenneth M, Sewry, Joyce D, Chikunda, Charles, Khenge, Wendy
- Authors: Ngcoza, Kenneth M , Sewry, Joyce D , Chikunda, Charles , Khenge, Wendy
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/484346 , vital:78898 , https://doi.org/10.1080/18117295.2016.1192238
- Description: Science Expos are intended to develop and empower learners to identify local problems and hence find solutions thereof using scientific processes. Science Expos are perceived as spaces for sharing experiences of science which engender love for science so that learners may ultimately pursue science-related careers. Despite these ideals, there is still poor participation in Science Expos by teachers and learners alike, especially from historically disadvantaged schools in South Africa. A qualitative case study underpinned by a community of practice theory was conducted in four disadvantaged schools in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. The purpose of the study was to understand stakeholders’ perceptions of participation in Science Expos. The data were generated using individual semi-structured interviews with two Expo organisers, three teachers and five learners from disadvantaged schools. Additionally, two focus group interviews were conducted with learners. The data were analysed inductively. The findings of the study revealed that following their participation in the Science Expo, learners were more motivated to study science at school. Although teachers with Science Expo experience encouraged their learners to participate, the support provided by several other teachers was seen as inadequate. It emerged that there were some challenges encountered such as lack of resources and travel opportunities.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Ngcoza, Kenneth M , Sewry, Joyce D , Chikunda, Charles , Khenge, Wendy
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/484346 , vital:78898 , https://doi.org/10.1080/18117295.2016.1192238
- Description: Science Expos are intended to develop and empower learners to identify local problems and hence find solutions thereof using scientific processes. Science Expos are perceived as spaces for sharing experiences of science which engender love for science so that learners may ultimately pursue science-related careers. Despite these ideals, there is still poor participation in Science Expos by teachers and learners alike, especially from historically disadvantaged schools in South Africa. A qualitative case study underpinned by a community of practice theory was conducted in four disadvantaged schools in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. The purpose of the study was to understand stakeholders’ perceptions of participation in Science Expos. The data were generated using individual semi-structured interviews with two Expo organisers, three teachers and five learners from disadvantaged schools. Additionally, two focus group interviews were conducted with learners. The data were analysed inductively. The findings of the study revealed that following their participation in the Science Expo, learners were more motivated to study science at school. Although teachers with Science Expo experience encouraged their learners to participate, the support provided by several other teachers was seen as inadequate. It emerged that there were some challenges encountered such as lack of resources and travel opportunities.
- Full Text:
The effect of salinity on the egg production rate of the sac-spawning calanoid copepod, Pseudodiaptomus hessei, in a temporarily openclosed Southern African estuary
- Authors: Froneman, P William
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/479385 , vital:78296 , https://doi.org/10.3390/d15020263
- Description: Global climate change is anticipated to be associated with changes in the salinity regimes of southern African estuaries as a result of the increased frequency of occurrences of extreme weather events (droughts and coastal storms) and the rise in sea level. The current investigation assessed the impact of salinity on the egg production rate (EPR) of the numerically important sac-spawning calanoid copepod, Pseudodiaptomus hessei, in a temporarily open/closed southern African estuary. The EPR of the copepod was determined using in vitro incubations during three distinct salinity regimes corresponding to the freshwater-deprived (hypersaline-salinity 38 PSU), freshwater-dominated (mesohaline-salinity 5 PSU), and polyhaline water phase (salinity 24 PSU).
- Full Text:
- Authors: Froneman, P William
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/479385 , vital:78296 , https://doi.org/10.3390/d15020263
- Description: Global climate change is anticipated to be associated with changes in the salinity regimes of southern African estuaries as a result of the increased frequency of occurrences of extreme weather events (droughts and coastal storms) and the rise in sea level. The current investigation assessed the impact of salinity on the egg production rate (EPR) of the numerically important sac-spawning calanoid copepod, Pseudodiaptomus hessei, in a temporarily open/closed southern African estuary. The EPR of the copepod was determined using in vitro incubations during three distinct salinity regimes corresponding to the freshwater-deprived (hypersaline-salinity 38 PSU), freshwater-dominated (mesohaline-salinity 5 PSU), and polyhaline water phase (salinity 24 PSU).
- Full Text:
Twelve (Queer) Labours: The mundane as catalyst for the archiving of queer transgressive joy
- Authors: Parker, Alan
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/469140 , vital:77213 , https://doi.org/10.1080/13528165.2023.2295727
- Description: In the first six months of 2022, the small South African town of Makhanda became the location for a series of queer public performance interventions. These interventions were framed as acts of civic labour and involved a diverse group of queer artists, students and allies labouring alongside local artisans and citizens. The project, entitled 12 Labours, was conceived by performance artist Gavin Krastin, and created in collaboration with the collective of labourers, who appeared, guerrilla-style, dressed as garden gnomes in brightly coloured overalls and with pointed hats, in several public places throughout the town. During these once-off interventions, the gnomes would work together, often for several hours, performing a range of mundane tasks for an incidental audience of passers-by. This paper positions the project as a departure point for wider consideration of some of the ways in which mundane acts of public labour, when approached as opportunities for queer performance, can become spaces for the expression of queer transgressive joy. The discussion critically reflects on three of the twelve labours: the communal repainting of a bus stop, the planting of a public garden and the laying of flowers in a derelict cemetery, as a means to consider how the public performance of mundane tasks by queer artists presents an intriguing opportunity for the performance of queer joy, and Black queer joy in particular, in contexts and spaces not typically associated with queerness and with queer bodies. The discussion also considers how the archiving of these labours, as a public exhibition of filmed documentation, constitutes an ‘archive of feelings’ (Cvetkovich 2003) that seeks to document experiences conjured through the performance of mundane labour, rather than merely archiving the act itself.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Parker, Alan
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/469140 , vital:77213 , https://doi.org/10.1080/13528165.2023.2295727
- Description: In the first six months of 2022, the small South African town of Makhanda became the location for a series of queer public performance interventions. These interventions were framed as acts of civic labour and involved a diverse group of queer artists, students and allies labouring alongside local artisans and citizens. The project, entitled 12 Labours, was conceived by performance artist Gavin Krastin, and created in collaboration with the collective of labourers, who appeared, guerrilla-style, dressed as garden gnomes in brightly coloured overalls and with pointed hats, in several public places throughout the town. During these once-off interventions, the gnomes would work together, often for several hours, performing a range of mundane tasks for an incidental audience of passers-by. This paper positions the project as a departure point for wider consideration of some of the ways in which mundane acts of public labour, when approached as opportunities for queer performance, can become spaces for the expression of queer transgressive joy. The discussion critically reflects on three of the twelve labours: the communal repainting of a bus stop, the planting of a public garden and the laying of flowers in a derelict cemetery, as a means to consider how the public performance of mundane tasks by queer artists presents an intriguing opportunity for the performance of queer joy, and Black queer joy in particular, in contexts and spaces not typically associated with queerness and with queer bodies. The discussion also considers how the archiving of these labours, as a public exhibition of filmed documentation, constitutes an ‘archive of feelings’ (Cvetkovich 2003) that seeks to document experiences conjured through the performance of mundane labour, rather than merely archiving the act itself.
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African birds as army ant followers
- Authors: Craig, Adrian J F K
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/448772 , vital:74759 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-022-01987-0
- Description: Ant-following birds have been studied extensively in the Neotropics, but much less information is currently available for the Afrotropics. There are published records of 168 African bird species from 37 families foraging in association with driver ants (Dorylus, sub-family Dorylinae). However, of 52 bird species assessed as regular ant-followers, 38 belong to three families, which are disproportionately represented compared to other large Afrotropical bird families: Muscicapidae (18 spp.), Pycnonotidae (13 spp.) and Turdidae (7 spp.). The extent to which these birds are dependent on ants through their annual cycle is not known. African driver ants forage primarily under shaded, humid conditions by day, and may spend a month or longer underground. Conservation assessments of African forest habitats suggest that both driver ants and ant-following birds may be especially sensitive to the loss of forest cover.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Craig, Adrian J F K
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/448772 , vital:74759 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-022-01987-0
- Description: Ant-following birds have been studied extensively in the Neotropics, but much less information is currently available for the Afrotropics. There are published records of 168 African bird species from 37 families foraging in association with driver ants (Dorylus, sub-family Dorylinae). However, of 52 bird species assessed as regular ant-followers, 38 belong to three families, which are disproportionately represented compared to other large Afrotropical bird families: Muscicapidae (18 spp.), Pycnonotidae (13 spp.) and Turdidae (7 spp.). The extent to which these birds are dependent on ants through their annual cycle is not known. African driver ants forage primarily under shaded, humid conditions by day, and may spend a month or longer underground. Conservation assessments of African forest habitats suggest that both driver ants and ant-following birds may be especially sensitive to the loss of forest cover.
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Assessing the Impact of DNS Configuration on Low Bandwidth Networks
- Okuthe, J A, Terzoli, Alfredo
- Authors: Okuthe, J A , Terzoli, Alfredo
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/430903 , vital:72726 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34896-9_6
- Description: Domain name system (DNS) is an essential enabler for connecting us-ers and services on the Internet. DNS translates human readable do-main names into IP addresses and precedes client connection to a server via a domain name. DNS service is therefore expected to con-sume network bandwidth even though it offers no direct benefit to the user. Having observed the large component of DNS traffic on the com-munity network local loop in our previous study, we migrated the DNS service from a server on the LAN to the gateway router and reconfig-ured the cache time-to-live. Results from the analysis of network traffic captured from the gateway router interface show a 26% decrease in the downlink bandwidth utilization and 46% decline in the uplink bandwidth utilization. The DNS component of the local loop traffic reduces from 45.28% to 4.11%. On the other hand, the Web component of the local loop traffic increases from 49.42% to 95.49%. Data collected from a mirroring port on the LAN switch indicate a decrease in the DNS portion of the internal traffic from 0.38% to 0.18%. Although the DNS reconfigu-ration helps alleviate network bandwidth constraints and reduces DNS component of the traffic, the Web portion increases. The implementa-tion of effective, efficient and sustainable Web traffic management is therefore required.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Okuthe, J A , Terzoli, Alfredo
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/430903 , vital:72726 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34896-9_6
- Description: Domain name system (DNS) is an essential enabler for connecting us-ers and services on the Internet. DNS translates human readable do-main names into IP addresses and precedes client connection to a server via a domain name. DNS service is therefore expected to con-sume network bandwidth even though it offers no direct benefit to the user. Having observed the large component of DNS traffic on the com-munity network local loop in our previous study, we migrated the DNS service from a server on the LAN to the gateway router and reconfig-ured the cache time-to-live. Results from the analysis of network traffic captured from the gateway router interface show a 26% decrease in the downlink bandwidth utilization and 46% decline in the uplink bandwidth utilization. The DNS component of the local loop traffic reduces from 45.28% to 4.11%. On the other hand, the Web component of the local loop traffic increases from 49.42% to 95.49%. Data collected from a mirroring port on the LAN switch indicate a decrease in the DNS portion of the internal traffic from 0.38% to 0.18%. Although the DNS reconfigu-ration helps alleviate network bandwidth constraints and reduces DNS component of the traffic, the Web portion increases. The implementa-tion of effective, efficient and sustainable Web traffic management is therefore required.
- Full Text:
Austral birds offer insightful complementary models in ecology and evolution
- Theuerkauf, Jörn, Villavicencio, Camilla P, Adreani, Nicholas M, Attisano, Alfredo, Craig, Adrian J F K, D’Amelio, Pietro B, Gula, Roman, Lee, Alan T K, Mentesana, Lucia, Quillfeldt, Petra, Quirici, Veronica, Quispe, René, Vásquez, Rodrigo A, Wingfield, John C, Masello, Juan F
- Authors: Theuerkauf, Jörn , Villavicencio, Camilla P , Adreani, Nicholas M , Attisano, Alfredo , Craig, Adrian J F K , D’Amelio, Pietro B , Gula, Roman , Lee, Alan T K , Mentesana, Lucia , Quillfeldt, Petra , Quirici, Veronica , Quispe, René , Vásquez, Rodrigo A , Wingfield, John C , Masello, Juan F
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/449097 , vital:74788 , https://www.cell.com/trends/ecology-evolution/fulltext/S0169-5347(22)00114-8
- Description: The Southern Hemisphere differs from the Northern Hemisphere in many aspects. However, most ecological and evolutionary research is conducted in the Northern Hemisphere and its conclusions are extrapolated to the entire globe. Therefore, unique organismal and evolutionary characteristics of the south are overlooked. We use ornithology to show the importance of including a southern perspective. We present examples of plumage pigmentation, brood-parasitic nestling ejection, flightlessness, female song, and female aggression modulated by progesterone as complementary models for investigating fundamental biological questions. More research in the Southern Hemisphere, together with increased cooperation among researchers across the hemispheres and within the Southern Hemisphere, will provide a greater global outlook into ecology and evolution.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Theuerkauf, Jörn , Villavicencio, Camilla P , Adreani, Nicholas M , Attisano, Alfredo , Craig, Adrian J F K , D’Amelio, Pietro B , Gula, Roman , Lee, Alan T K , Mentesana, Lucia , Quillfeldt, Petra , Quirici, Veronica , Quispe, René , Vásquez, Rodrigo A , Wingfield, John C , Masello, Juan F
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/449097 , vital:74788 , https://www.cell.com/trends/ecology-evolution/fulltext/S0169-5347(22)00114-8
- Description: The Southern Hemisphere differs from the Northern Hemisphere in many aspects. However, most ecological and evolutionary research is conducted in the Northern Hemisphere and its conclusions are extrapolated to the entire globe. Therefore, unique organismal and evolutionary characteristics of the south are overlooked. We use ornithology to show the importance of including a southern perspective. We present examples of plumage pigmentation, brood-parasitic nestling ejection, flightlessness, female song, and female aggression modulated by progesterone as complementary models for investigating fundamental biological questions. More research in the Southern Hemisphere, together with increased cooperation among researchers across the hemispheres and within the Southern Hemisphere, will provide a greater global outlook into ecology and evolution.
- Full Text:
Cultural Seascapes in the ‘Sea of Calms’ and La Restinga Coast
- De la Cruz-Modino, Raquel, Piñeiro-Corbeira, Cristina, Aswani, Shankar, González-Cruz, Carla, Domínguez, David, Ordóñez García, Paula, Santana-Talavera, Agustín, Pascual-Fernández, José
- Authors: De la Cruz-Modino, Raquel , Piñeiro-Corbeira, Cristina , Aswani, Shankar , González-Cruz, Carla , Domínguez, David , Ordóñez García, Paula , Santana-Talavera, Agustín , Pascual-Fernández, José
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/391319 , vital:68641 , ISBN 978-3-031-07289-5 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07289-5
- Description: El Hierro has been characterized by the balance between human development and environmental sustainability. The island was historically far from the mass tourism developments dominant on the other Canary Islands. Tourism accommodations in El Hierro are few compared to more developed coastal areas in the Archipelago, and recreational activities are mainly linked to cultural and natural sites and resources. This chapter focuses on La Restinga fishing village and its coasts, where the ‘Sea of Calms’ and one multiple-use Marine Reserve (MR) are located, both of which became popular over the last decade. The tourist development experience has promoted a new way of looking at the sea and conceptualizing its habitats and populations. In 2014, after the submarine volcano eruption occurred in 2011, we estimated that at least 25,391 dives had been carried out in the diving spots established by the MR and other diving sites close to La Restinga. Despite the difficulties experienced after the volcano eruption, a unique imaginaire has been consolidated, thanks to the image of the island's exclusive nature and iconic elements. In addition, the rapid recovery of the destination is an excellent example of how the tourism system can adapt and incorporate unexpected events such as volcanic eruptions.
- Full Text:
- Authors: De la Cruz-Modino, Raquel , Piñeiro-Corbeira, Cristina , Aswani, Shankar , González-Cruz, Carla , Domínguez, David , Ordóñez García, Paula , Santana-Talavera, Agustín , Pascual-Fernández, José
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/391319 , vital:68641 , ISBN 978-3-031-07289-5 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07289-5
- Description: El Hierro has been characterized by the balance between human development and environmental sustainability. The island was historically far from the mass tourism developments dominant on the other Canary Islands. Tourism accommodations in El Hierro are few compared to more developed coastal areas in the Archipelago, and recreational activities are mainly linked to cultural and natural sites and resources. This chapter focuses on La Restinga fishing village and its coasts, where the ‘Sea of Calms’ and one multiple-use Marine Reserve (MR) are located, both of which became popular over the last decade. The tourist development experience has promoted a new way of looking at the sea and conceptualizing its habitats and populations. In 2014, after the submarine volcano eruption occurred in 2011, we estimated that at least 25,391 dives had been carried out in the diving spots established by the MR and other diving sites close to La Restinga. Despite the difficulties experienced after the volcano eruption, a unique imaginaire has been consolidated, thanks to the image of the island's exclusive nature and iconic elements. In addition, the rapid recovery of the destination is an excellent example of how the tourism system can adapt and incorporate unexpected events such as volcanic eruptions.
- Full Text:
From PowerPoint to Zoom: Interrogating the Gaze in Teaching at a Small South African University
- Authors: Dalvit, Lorenzo
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/468184 , vital:77028 , ISBN 9781003275060 , https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003275060-4/powerpoint-zoom-lorenzo-dalvit
- Description: I teach Digital Media and Cultural Studies at a small residential university in South Africa. Due to retinal degeneration, I had to progressively move away from paper documents and increasingly rely on electronic tools and resources as well as a student assistant. In this chapter, I draw on the concept of the gaze as understood within the critical tradition to reflect on my journey with a specific focus on teaching. The departing and arrival stations of such a journey are PowerPoint presentations (which students have come to expect as part of a lecture) and Zoom meetings (which have become part of our new normal as a result of emergency remote teaching). Using PowerPoint reverses the power dynamics in the classroom. Rather than each student facing the all-seeing lecturer, I am placed under scrutiny as I try to memorise my presentation and rely on my assistant to keep up with the slides and alert me of questions. In our context, virtual lectures via Zoom are audio-only due to bandwidth constraints. My screen reader notifies me when students raise their hand and tells me who they are. I can also use earphones to listen to my own notes on a second device, which I found very empowering
- Full Text:
- Authors: Dalvit, Lorenzo
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/468184 , vital:77028 , ISBN 9781003275060 , https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003275060-4/powerpoint-zoom-lorenzo-dalvit
- Description: I teach Digital Media and Cultural Studies at a small residential university in South Africa. Due to retinal degeneration, I had to progressively move away from paper documents and increasingly rely on electronic tools and resources as well as a student assistant. In this chapter, I draw on the concept of the gaze as understood within the critical tradition to reflect on my journey with a specific focus on teaching. The departing and arrival stations of such a journey are PowerPoint presentations (which students have come to expect as part of a lecture) and Zoom meetings (which have become part of our new normal as a result of emergency remote teaching). Using PowerPoint reverses the power dynamics in the classroom. Rather than each student facing the all-seeing lecturer, I am placed under scrutiny as I try to memorise my presentation and rely on my assistant to keep up with the slides and alert me of questions. In our context, virtual lectures via Zoom are audio-only due to bandwidth constraints. My screen reader notifies me when students raise their hand and tells me who they are. I can also use earphones to listen to my own notes on a second device, which I found very empowering
- Full Text:
Key for the identification of third instar larvae of African blowflies (Diptera Calliphoridae) of forensic importance in death investigations
- Szpila, Krzysztof, Williams, Kirstin A, Soszyńska, Agnieszka, Ekanem, Mfon, Heyns, Marise, Dinka, Mergi D, Villet, Martin H
- Authors: Szpila, Krzysztof , Williams, Kirstin A , Soszyńska, Agnieszka , Ekanem, Mfon , Heyns, Marise , Dinka, Mergi D , Villet, Martin H
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/440761 , vital:73810 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111889
- Description: Blowfly larvae are the insects primarily responsible for the active stage of decomposition of exposed vertebrate remains and are the most frequently collected entomological evidence during forensic investigations of death. The necrophagous calliphorids in continental Africa that consistently develop on large vertebrate carrion include 11 species belonging to four genera: Calliphora, Chrysomya, Hemipyrellia and Lucilia. Most of these species are widespread in Africa and frequently reported on large animal carcasses and carrion and human corpses. A few keys have been compiled for identification of their third instar larvae, but none of them covers the complete set of taxa. Therefore, we provide a new comprehensive key with original illustrations of all taxonomically significant characters. The key is based on characters that should be easily observable even in poorly equipped local laboratories and is a reliable taxonomic tool for material collected in either urban or rural areas where synanthropic species predominate. However, it should be used with some caution in areas with relatively pristine natural habitats, where additional carrion-breeding species may occur. The publication of the key will significantly facilitate both medical and forensic entomological research and practice in Africa.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Szpila, Krzysztof , Williams, Kirstin A , Soszyńska, Agnieszka , Ekanem, Mfon , Heyns, Marise , Dinka, Mergi D , Villet, Martin H
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/440761 , vital:73810 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111889
- Description: Blowfly larvae are the insects primarily responsible for the active stage of decomposition of exposed vertebrate remains and are the most frequently collected entomological evidence during forensic investigations of death. The necrophagous calliphorids in continental Africa that consistently develop on large vertebrate carrion include 11 species belonging to four genera: Calliphora, Chrysomya, Hemipyrellia and Lucilia. Most of these species are widespread in Africa and frequently reported on large animal carcasses and carrion and human corpses. A few keys have been compiled for identification of their third instar larvae, but none of them covers the complete set of taxa. Therefore, we provide a new comprehensive key with original illustrations of all taxonomically significant characters. The key is based on characters that should be easily observable even in poorly equipped local laboratories and is a reliable taxonomic tool for material collected in either urban or rural areas where synanthropic species predominate. However, it should be used with some caution in areas with relatively pristine natural habitats, where additional carrion-breeding species may occur. The publication of the key will significantly facilitate both medical and forensic entomological research and practice in Africa.
- Full Text: