10 Years of IEASA history
- International Education Association of South Africa (IEASA), Jooste, Nico
- Authors: International Education Association of South Africa (IEASA) , Jooste, Nico
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: International Education Association of South Africa -- History , Education, Higher -- South Africa , Education and globalization -- South Africa Student mobility -- Africa International education -- South Africa Education, Higher -- International cooperation , Universities and colleges -- South Africa , Technical Institutes -- South Africa , Vocational guidance -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/65356 , vital:28752 , ISBN 1920176004
- Description: [Preface - Nico Jooste]: For more than ten years, we have been involved in implementing internationalisation of South African Higher Education. The we I am referring too, are those who are both visionaries and passionately dedicated to the process of internationalisation. A small group of South African Higher Education administrators, academics and senior managers involved themselves in the process of internationalisation of their institutions, and collectively the South African system. This process of internationalisation started as an uncoordinated response to the demands of a South African higher education system that was determined to break with the past, and re-connect with global higher education, it was left to a few dedicated visionaries to create the support structure that would not only assist the higher education institutions, but also the system. The other bodies that were supposed to pay attention to this very important aspect of Higher Education in the 21st century were too busy with other, equally important, matters. It became clear that the priorities of organisations like SAUVCA were not internationalisation, and IEASA was established as the vehicle to promote it. This story of IEASA needed to be told. This book is not aimed at IEASA members only, but also at the broader higher education public. This is the story of an organisation that touched all parts of South African Higher Education society as well as the broader society. It is partly the ‘corporate memory’ of Internationalisation, as well as a reflection on achievements. Ten years looked like a short period to reflect on an organisations history, I am however of the opinion that in a society that is changing so rapidly, we need to reflect more frequently on the past so that we can plan a better future. For any historian operating in the modem era of electronic communication, access to sources of information has become a major challenge. IEASA, Thilor Manikam in particular, needs to be commended for the accurate record keeping of events over the past ten years. Kirstin Nussgruber very diligently captured the efforts of the forces driving the establishment of IEASA for the first two years. This book was mainly based on evidence gathered from minutes, reports and letters that are in the possession of the IEASA Office. I also had the privilege, and advantage, to be a member of the Executive Committee for the past five years. This book cannot be the last word on IEASA, as it is only the view of a member. The bias is thus toward IEASA and focusses mainly on its achievements. Chapter 3 focusses mainly on the achievements of a voluntary organisation. The efforts over the ten years of three persons namely. Roshen Kishun as President, Derek Swemmer as Treasurer, and Thilor Manikam as the Administrator stood out, and was the stabilising factor during the foundation years. The role of Roshen Kishun in the publication of Study South African cannot be underestimated. Without his vision, drive and effort, this publication would not be preparing for the launch of the seventh edition. It is a unique source of information about South African Higher Education. Very few other systems, if any. produce such a publication. Although the author was requested by the IEASA Executive Committee to write this book, the views expressed in this publication is not the views of the Executive Committee, but that of the author.
- Full Text:
- Authors: International Education Association of South Africa (IEASA) , Jooste, Nico
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: International Education Association of South Africa -- History , Education, Higher -- South Africa , Education and globalization -- South Africa Student mobility -- Africa International education -- South Africa Education, Higher -- International cooperation , Universities and colleges -- South Africa , Technical Institutes -- South Africa , Vocational guidance -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/65356 , vital:28752 , ISBN 1920176004
- Description: [Preface - Nico Jooste]: For more than ten years, we have been involved in implementing internationalisation of South African Higher Education. The we I am referring too, are those who are both visionaries and passionately dedicated to the process of internationalisation. A small group of South African Higher Education administrators, academics and senior managers involved themselves in the process of internationalisation of their institutions, and collectively the South African system. This process of internationalisation started as an uncoordinated response to the demands of a South African higher education system that was determined to break with the past, and re-connect with global higher education, it was left to a few dedicated visionaries to create the support structure that would not only assist the higher education institutions, but also the system. The other bodies that were supposed to pay attention to this very important aspect of Higher Education in the 21st century were too busy with other, equally important, matters. It became clear that the priorities of organisations like SAUVCA were not internationalisation, and IEASA was established as the vehicle to promote it. This story of IEASA needed to be told. This book is not aimed at IEASA members only, but also at the broader higher education public. This is the story of an organisation that touched all parts of South African Higher Education society as well as the broader society. It is partly the ‘corporate memory’ of Internationalisation, as well as a reflection on achievements. Ten years looked like a short period to reflect on an organisations history, I am however of the opinion that in a society that is changing so rapidly, we need to reflect more frequently on the past so that we can plan a better future. For any historian operating in the modem era of electronic communication, access to sources of information has become a major challenge. IEASA, Thilor Manikam in particular, needs to be commended for the accurate record keeping of events over the past ten years. Kirstin Nussgruber very diligently captured the efforts of the forces driving the establishment of IEASA for the first two years. This book was mainly based on evidence gathered from minutes, reports and letters that are in the possession of the IEASA Office. I also had the privilege, and advantage, to be a member of the Executive Committee for the past five years. This book cannot be the last word on IEASA, as it is only the view of a member. The bias is thus toward IEASA and focusses mainly on its achievements. Chapter 3 focusses mainly on the achievements of a voluntary organisation. The efforts over the ten years of three persons namely. Roshen Kishun as President, Derek Swemmer as Treasurer, and Thilor Manikam as the Administrator stood out, and was the stabilising factor during the foundation years. The role of Roshen Kishun in the publication of Study South African cannot be underestimated. Without his vision, drive and effort, this publication would not be preparing for the launch of the seventh edition. It is a unique source of information about South African Higher Education. Very few other systems, if any. produce such a publication. Although the author was requested by the IEASA Executive Committee to write this book, the views expressed in this publication is not the views of the Executive Committee, but that of the author.
- Full Text:
Assessing the effects of invasive alien species on rural livelihoods: Case examples and a framework from South Africa
- Shackleton, Charlie M, McGarry, Dylan K, Fourie, Saskia, Gambiza, James, Shackleton, Sheona E, Fabricius, Christo
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M , McGarry, Dylan K , Fourie, Saskia , Gambiza, James , Shackleton, Sheona E , Fabricius, Christo
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181279 , vital:43715 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-006-9095-0"
- Description: The detrimental impacts of invasive alien species (IAS) on ecosystem goods and services and local and regional economies are well documented. However, the use of IAS by rural communities is little understood, and rarely factored into IAS control programmes. Understanding the use of IAS by rural communities and factoring these into cost-benefit models is complex, depending upon a range of local-level attributes such as the time since invasion, abundance, and local-level costs and benefits. This paper reports on two case studies examining the role of IAS in rural livelihoods in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. In both cases, rural communities made widespread consumptive use of the IAS and generally would prefer higher densities, except in certain key localities. Several households traded in IAS products to generate supplementary income. We present a conceptual framework to guide interpretation of these and future case studies, considering attributes such as time since invasion, the competitiveness of the species, and the relative costs and benefits.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M , McGarry, Dylan K , Fourie, Saskia , Gambiza, James , Shackleton, Sheona E , Fabricius, Christo
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181279 , vital:43715 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-006-9095-0"
- Description: The detrimental impacts of invasive alien species (IAS) on ecosystem goods and services and local and regional economies are well documented. However, the use of IAS by rural communities is little understood, and rarely factored into IAS control programmes. Understanding the use of IAS by rural communities and factoring these into cost-benefit models is complex, depending upon a range of local-level attributes such as the time since invasion, abundance, and local-level costs and benefits. This paper reports on two case studies examining the role of IAS in rural livelihoods in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. In both cases, rural communities made widespread consumptive use of the IAS and generally would prefer higher densities, except in certain key localities. Several households traded in IAS products to generate supplementary income. We present a conceptual framework to guide interpretation of these and future case studies, considering attributes such as time since invasion, the competitiveness of the species, and the relative costs and benefits.
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Characterization of self-assembled monolayers of iron and cobalt octaalkylthiosubstituted phthalocyanines and their use in nitrite electrocatalytic oxidation
- Matemadombo, Fungisai, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Matemadombo, Fungisai , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/271182 , vital:54519 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2007.05.002"
- Description: Cobalt and iron phenylthiosubstituted phthalocyanines have been deposited on Au electrode surfaces through the self-assembled monolayer (SAM) technique. The so formed layers were studied using voltammetric and impedance techniques. These SAMs blocked a number of Faradic processes and electrocatalyzed the oxidation of nitrite. The electrocatalytic parameters of the cobalt and iron phenylthiosubstituted phthalocyanines deposited on Au electrodes in nitrite solution were studied. Nitrite overpotentials which are lower than ever reported were obtained in this work for the iron phenylthiosubstituted phthalocyanines with very high stability.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Matemadombo, Fungisai , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/271182 , vital:54519 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2007.05.002"
- Description: Cobalt and iron phenylthiosubstituted phthalocyanines have been deposited on Au electrode surfaces through the self-assembled monolayer (SAM) technique. The so formed layers were studied using voltammetric and impedance techniques. These SAMs blocked a number of Faradic processes and electrocatalyzed the oxidation of nitrite. The electrocatalytic parameters of the cobalt and iron phenylthiosubstituted phthalocyanines deposited on Au electrodes in nitrite solution were studied. Nitrite overpotentials which are lower than ever reported were obtained in this work for the iron phenylthiosubstituted phthalocyanines with very high stability.
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Cobalt Phthalocyanine Molecular Electrode for the Electrochemical Investigation of the Release of Glutathione upon Copper-Catalyzed Decomposition of S-Nitrosoglutathione
- Sehlotho, Nthapo, Griveau, Sophie, Nyokong, Tebello, Bedioui, Fethi
- Authors: Sehlotho, Nthapo , Griveau, Sophie , Nyokong, Tebello , Bedioui, Fethi
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/281201 , vital:55701 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.200603656"
- Description: Decomposition of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) in phosphate buffer solution at physiological pH 7.4 in the presence of cuprous ion as a catalyst and sodium borohydride as a reducing agent is analyzed by observing the transient apparition of reduced glutathione GSH through its electrooxidation. Transient formation of GSH, upon decomposition of 1 mM GSNO in presence of 0.025 mM Cu(NO3)2 and 1 mM NaBH4 was detected by using an ordinary pyrolytic graphite electrode modified with an adsorbed monolayer of cobalt phthalocyanine at 0 V vs. SCE.
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- Authors: Sehlotho, Nthapo , Griveau, Sophie , Nyokong, Tebello , Bedioui, Fethi
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/281201 , vital:55701 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.200603656"
- Description: Decomposition of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) in phosphate buffer solution at physiological pH 7.4 in the presence of cuprous ion as a catalyst and sodium borohydride as a reducing agent is analyzed by observing the transient apparition of reduced glutathione GSH through its electrooxidation. Transient formation of GSH, upon decomposition of 1 mM GSNO in presence of 0.025 mM Cu(NO3)2 and 1 mM NaBH4 was detected by using an ordinary pyrolytic graphite electrode modified with an adsorbed monolayer of cobalt phthalocyanine at 0 V vs. SCE.
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Comparative electrooxidation of nitrite by electrodeposited Co (II), Fe (II) and Mn (III) tetrakis (benzylmercapto) and tetrakis (dodecylmercapto) phthalocyanines on gold electrodes
- Agboola, Bolade, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Agboola, Bolade , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/281212 , vital:55702 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2007.01.031"
- Description: This work reports on the electrooxidation of nitrite using Co(II), Fe(II) and Mn(III) tetrakis (benzylmercapto) and tetrakis (dodecylmercapto) phthalocyanines electrodeposited onto a gold electrode. Good catalytic activity (in terms of lowering overpotential) was obtained for these molecules when compared to previously reported MPc catalysts. The catalytic current was found to vary linearly with nitrite concentration in the range employed in this work (0.1–1 mM) and high sensitivities ranging from 6.9 to 9.9 μA mM−1 were observed for all the modified electrodes.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Agboola, Bolade , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/281212 , vital:55702 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2007.01.031"
- Description: This work reports on the electrooxidation of nitrite using Co(II), Fe(II) and Mn(III) tetrakis (benzylmercapto) and tetrakis (dodecylmercapto) phthalocyanines electrodeposited onto a gold electrode. Good catalytic activity (in terms of lowering overpotential) was obtained for these molecules when compared to previously reported MPc catalysts. The catalytic current was found to vary linearly with nitrite concentration in the range employed in this work (0.1–1 mM) and high sensitivities ranging from 6.9 to 9.9 μA mM−1 were observed for all the modified electrodes.
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Comparative electrooxidation of sulphite by self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of Co (II), Fe (II), Ni (II) and Mn (III) tetrakis benzylmercapto and dodecylmercapto metallophthalocyanines complexes on gold electrodes
- Agboola, Bolade, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Agboola, Bolade , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/281223 , vital:55703 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2006.11.042"
- Description: This work reports on the use of Co(II), Fe(II), Mn(III) and Ni(II) tetrakis benzylmercapto and dodecylmercapto phthalocyanine complexes for gold electrode modification for electrooxidation of sulphite ions. The complexes were successfully used to modify gold electrodes by self-assembled monolayer (SAM) technique. The self-assembled films are stable and showed blocking characteristics towards the following Faradaic processes; gold surface oxidation, underpotential deposition (UPD) of copper and solution redox chemistry of [Fe(H2O)63+]/[Fe(H2O)62+]. All the modified electrodes showed improved catalytic activities than the unmodified gold electrode towards sulphite ion electrooxidation with all the modified electrodes exhibiting high resistance to electrode surface passivation. Better catalytic performance were obtained for the CoPcs, FePcs and MnPcs which have metal based redox processes within the range of the sulphite electrooxidation peak, while the NiPcs which did not show metal based redox reaction performed less. The catalytic current was found to be linear with sulphite ion concentration in the concentration range employed in this work (0.1–1 mM) and sensitivities ranging from 1.68 to 2.96 μA/mM were observed for all the modified electrodes. Mechanisms of the catalytic oxidation of sulphite ions are proposed.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Agboola, Bolade , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/281223 , vital:55703 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2006.11.042"
- Description: This work reports on the use of Co(II), Fe(II), Mn(III) and Ni(II) tetrakis benzylmercapto and dodecylmercapto phthalocyanine complexes for gold electrode modification for electrooxidation of sulphite ions. The complexes were successfully used to modify gold electrodes by self-assembled monolayer (SAM) technique. The self-assembled films are stable and showed blocking characteristics towards the following Faradaic processes; gold surface oxidation, underpotential deposition (UPD) of copper and solution redox chemistry of [Fe(H2O)63+]/[Fe(H2O)62+]. All the modified electrodes showed improved catalytic activities than the unmodified gold electrode towards sulphite ion electrooxidation with all the modified electrodes exhibiting high resistance to electrode surface passivation. Better catalytic performance were obtained for the CoPcs, FePcs and MnPcs which have metal based redox processes within the range of the sulphite electrooxidation peak, while the NiPcs which did not show metal based redox reaction performed less. The catalytic current was found to be linear with sulphite ion concentration in the concentration range employed in this work (0.1–1 mM) and sensitivities ranging from 1.68 to 2.96 μA/mM were observed for all the modified electrodes. Mechanisms of the catalytic oxidation of sulphite ions are proposed.
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Comparative photocatalytic efficiency of oxotitanium (IV) phthalocyanines for the oxidation of 1-hexene
- Tau, Prudence, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Tau, Prudence , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/271193 , vital:54520 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2007.04.005"
- Description: The comparative photocatalytic activities of aryloxy and arylthio tetrasubstituted oxotitanium(IV) phthalocyanine complexes for the oxidation of 1-hexene in DCM are reported for the first time. The singlet oxygen quantum yield, photostability and photocatalytic properties are investigated. The catalysts effectively catalyse 1-hexene to 1,2-epoxyhexane and 1-hexen-3-ol as major and minor products respectively. The photooxidation products are formed via two reaction mechanisms, namely via singlet oxygen (Type II) and radical (Type I) reaction pathways. These are also dependent on the singlet oxygen quantum yields and photostabilities of the phthalocyanines. Complex 1a that is peripherally substituted with phenoxy groups exhibited the best activity in terms of overall performance.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Tau, Prudence , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/271193 , vital:54520 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2007.04.005"
- Description: The comparative photocatalytic activities of aryloxy and arylthio tetrasubstituted oxotitanium(IV) phthalocyanine complexes for the oxidation of 1-hexene in DCM are reported for the first time. The singlet oxygen quantum yield, photostability and photocatalytic properties are investigated. The catalysts effectively catalyse 1-hexene to 1,2-epoxyhexane and 1-hexen-3-ol as major and minor products respectively. The photooxidation products are formed via two reaction mechanisms, namely via singlet oxygen (Type II) and radical (Type I) reaction pathways. These are also dependent on the singlet oxygen quantum yields and photostabilities of the phthalocyanines. Complex 1a that is peripherally substituted with phenoxy groups exhibited the best activity in terms of overall performance.
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Composition portfolio
- Authors: Moss, Keith
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/193724 , vital:45390
- Description: Whitacre's music is primarily diatonic with subtle modulations, where the new key is always preserved diatonicaliy as well. I refer to this style as expanded diatonicism. Examples in my work of expanded diatonicism within this portfolio are to be found in navem ad somnium, Wynken, Blynken and Nod, as well as Hymn for Brass. My applications of expanded diatonic practices within each of these works are discussed in a separate appendix within the body of this portfolio. That these works are vocal or have a vocal inspiration (Hymn for Brass) reveals the extent of my initial reaction to Whitacre's music during a choral rehearsal. Furthermore, in my vocal compositions especially I chose texts which frequently gravitate towards ideas related to water, the ocean and ships. Whilst water has a soothing and inspiring influence upon me, presumably evidenced in my expanded diatonicism, it also represents my journey and investigation into the sound work of Whitacre in particular. It may be noticed that many of my works in this portfolio have religious orientated themes. I am a Christian, and belong to a Berean 2 Congregational Church. Whilst I am not Catholic or Anglican, I nonetheless have made use of texts from the liturgy of these denominations, as they emphasise the basis of my Christian faith. Why I chose Hymn for Brass as a title could possibly be construed as a religious reference, however it was named after the piece was written, and had no theological connotations in its inception save for the hymnody style of the orchestration. Providence and The Eventide both have a Christian philosophical foundation which is explored in depth in the accompanying appendix. The latter work explores an extension of my expanded diatonic style through incorporating aspects of chromaticism. The rationale for this is dealt with in my discussion of this work. This portfolio represents an overview of my compositional activities to date and displays my growing confidence with the technical aspects of composition as well as my yearning for experimentation with new ideas and manners of expression. , Thesis (MMus) -- Faculty of Humanities, Music and Musicology, 2007
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- Authors: Moss, Keith
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/193724 , vital:45390
- Description: Whitacre's music is primarily diatonic with subtle modulations, where the new key is always preserved diatonicaliy as well. I refer to this style as expanded diatonicism. Examples in my work of expanded diatonicism within this portfolio are to be found in navem ad somnium, Wynken, Blynken and Nod, as well as Hymn for Brass. My applications of expanded diatonic practices within each of these works are discussed in a separate appendix within the body of this portfolio. That these works are vocal or have a vocal inspiration (Hymn for Brass) reveals the extent of my initial reaction to Whitacre's music during a choral rehearsal. Furthermore, in my vocal compositions especially I chose texts which frequently gravitate towards ideas related to water, the ocean and ships. Whilst water has a soothing and inspiring influence upon me, presumably evidenced in my expanded diatonicism, it also represents my journey and investigation into the sound work of Whitacre in particular. It may be noticed that many of my works in this portfolio have religious orientated themes. I am a Christian, and belong to a Berean 2 Congregational Church. Whilst I am not Catholic or Anglican, I nonetheless have made use of texts from the liturgy of these denominations, as they emphasise the basis of my Christian faith. Why I chose Hymn for Brass as a title could possibly be construed as a religious reference, however it was named after the piece was written, and had no theological connotations in its inception save for the hymnody style of the orchestration. Providence and The Eventide both have a Christian philosophical foundation which is explored in depth in the accompanying appendix. The latter work explores an extension of my expanded diatonic style through incorporating aspects of chromaticism. The rationale for this is dealt with in my discussion of this work. This portfolio represents an overview of my compositional activities to date and displays my growing confidence with the technical aspects of composition as well as my yearning for experimentation with new ideas and manners of expression. , Thesis (MMus) -- Faculty of Humanities, Music and Musicology, 2007
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Critical assessment of the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation as an analytical tool for biosensor development and fundamental studies
- Fogel, Ronen, Mashazi, Philani N, Nyokong, Tebello, Limson, Janice L
- Authors: Fogel, Ronen , Mashazi, Philani N , Nyokong, Tebello , Limson, Janice L
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/271204 , vital:54521 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2007.03.012"
- Description: One of the challenges in electrochemical biosensor design is gaining a fundamental knowledge of the processes underlying immobilisation of the molecules onto the electrode surface. This is of particular importance in biocomposite sensors where concerns have arisen as to the nature of the interaction between the biological and synthetic molecules immobilised. We examined the use of the Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation (QCM-D) as a tool for fundamental analyses of a model sensor constructed by the immobilisation of cobalt(II) phthalocyanine (TCACoPc) and glucose oxidase (GOx) onto a gold-quartz electrode (electrode surface) for the enhanced detection of glucose. The model sensor was constructed in aqueous phase and covalently linked the gold surface to the TCACoPc, and the TCACoPc to the GOx, using the QCM-D. The aqueous metallophthalocyanine (MPc) formed a multi-layer over the surface of the electrode, which could be removed to leave a monolayer with a mass loading that compared favourably to the theoretical value expected. Analysis of frequency and dissipation plots indicated covalent attachment of glucose oxidase onto the metallophthalocyanine layer. The amount of GOx bound using the model system compared favourably to calculations derived from the maximal amperometric functioning of the electrochemical sensor (examined in previously-published literature, Mashazi, P.N., Ozoemena, K.I., Nyokong, T., 2006. Electrochim. Acta 52, 177–186), but not to theoretical values derived from dimensions of GOx as established by crystallography. The strength of the binding of the GOx film with the TCACoPc layer was tested by using 2% SDS as a denaturant/surfactant, and the GOx film was not found to be significantly affected by exposure to this. This paper thus showed that QCM-D can be used in order to model essential processes and interactions that dictate the functional parameters of a biosensor.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Fogel, Ronen , Mashazi, Philani N , Nyokong, Tebello , Limson, Janice L
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/271204 , vital:54521 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2007.03.012"
- Description: One of the challenges in electrochemical biosensor design is gaining a fundamental knowledge of the processes underlying immobilisation of the molecules onto the electrode surface. This is of particular importance in biocomposite sensors where concerns have arisen as to the nature of the interaction between the biological and synthetic molecules immobilised. We examined the use of the Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation (QCM-D) as a tool for fundamental analyses of a model sensor constructed by the immobilisation of cobalt(II) phthalocyanine (TCACoPc) and glucose oxidase (GOx) onto a gold-quartz electrode (electrode surface) for the enhanced detection of glucose. The model sensor was constructed in aqueous phase and covalently linked the gold surface to the TCACoPc, and the TCACoPc to the GOx, using the QCM-D. The aqueous metallophthalocyanine (MPc) formed a multi-layer over the surface of the electrode, which could be removed to leave a monolayer with a mass loading that compared favourably to the theoretical value expected. Analysis of frequency and dissipation plots indicated covalent attachment of glucose oxidase onto the metallophthalocyanine layer. The amount of GOx bound using the model system compared favourably to calculations derived from the maximal amperometric functioning of the electrochemical sensor (examined in previously-published literature, Mashazi, P.N., Ozoemena, K.I., Nyokong, T., 2006. Electrochim. Acta 52, 177–186), but not to theoretical values derived from dimensions of GOx as established by crystallography. The strength of the binding of the GOx film with the TCACoPc layer was tested by using 2% SDS as a denaturant/surfactant, and the GOx film was not found to be significantly affected by exposure to this. This paper thus showed that QCM-D can be used in order to model essential processes and interactions that dictate the functional parameters of a biosensor.
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Direct-use values of non-timber forest products from two areas on the Transkei Wild Coast
- Shackleton, Charlie M, Timmermans, Herman G, Nongwe, N, Hamer, Nicholas G, Palmer, N R
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M , Timmermans, Herman G , Nongwe, N , Hamer, Nicholas G , Palmer, N R
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181268 , vital:43714 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2007.9523764"
- Description: It is now widely appreciated internationally that rural communities make extensive use of wild resources, and that this use has significant direct use value. The number of case studies in South Africa that have valued the use of such resources are small, albeit growing. Yet none of them have been from coastal sites, which would include use of marine resources, nor have previous studies included the non-biological resources of sand and clay for building purposes. This paper addresses this gap, through examination of the role and value of wild resources in rural livelihoods of households in the Ntubeni and Cwebe areas of the Transkei Wild Coast in the Eastern Cape. Households used a wide range of resources collected from the surrounding communal lands and the Dwesa Cwebe Nature Reserve. Major differences between the sites were the widespread use of bushmeat, shellfish and building sand at Ntubeni compared with relatively small use of these three resources at Cwebe. These differences resulted in a markedly higher, gross, annual, direct-use value at Ntubeni than at Cwebe. The gross, annual, direct-use value averaged across all resources (excluding medicinal plants) and all households (user and non-users) was over R12 000 at Ntubeni, compared to R4 858 at Cwebe. At Ntubeni over half of the total annual direct-use value was contributed by fish and shellfish, indicating the need for more studies in coastal areas. A similar pattern was not evident at Cwebe, because residents did not have access to a rocky shoreline outside of the marine reserve. Local trade was highly variable, both between resources and between households. Averaging the value of trade across all households (i.e. traders and non-traders), gave a total gross, annual value of R1 660 and R600 at Ntubeni and Cwebe, respectively.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M , Timmermans, Herman G , Nongwe, N , Hamer, Nicholas G , Palmer, N R
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181268 , vital:43714 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2007.9523764"
- Description: It is now widely appreciated internationally that rural communities make extensive use of wild resources, and that this use has significant direct use value. The number of case studies in South Africa that have valued the use of such resources are small, albeit growing. Yet none of them have been from coastal sites, which would include use of marine resources, nor have previous studies included the non-biological resources of sand and clay for building purposes. This paper addresses this gap, through examination of the role and value of wild resources in rural livelihoods of households in the Ntubeni and Cwebe areas of the Transkei Wild Coast in the Eastern Cape. Households used a wide range of resources collected from the surrounding communal lands and the Dwesa Cwebe Nature Reserve. Major differences between the sites were the widespread use of bushmeat, shellfish and building sand at Ntubeni compared with relatively small use of these three resources at Cwebe. These differences resulted in a markedly higher, gross, annual, direct-use value at Ntubeni than at Cwebe. The gross, annual, direct-use value averaged across all resources (excluding medicinal plants) and all households (user and non-users) was over R12 000 at Ntubeni, compared to R4 858 at Cwebe. At Ntubeni over half of the total annual direct-use value was contributed by fish and shellfish, indicating the need for more studies in coastal areas. A similar pattern was not evident at Cwebe, because residents did not have access to a rocky shoreline outside of the marine reserve. Local trade was highly variable, both between resources and between households. Averaging the value of trade across all households (i.e. traders and non-traders), gave a total gross, annual value of R1 660 and R600 at Ntubeni and Cwebe, respectively.
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Electroanalysis of thiocyanate using a novel glassy carbon electrode modified by aryl radicals and cobalt tetracarboxyphthalocyanine
- Matemadombo, Fungisai, Westbroek, Philippe, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Matemadombo, Fungisai , Westbroek, Philippe , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/268750 , vital:54228 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2007.06.064"
- Description: Electrochemical grafting of 4-nitrobenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) results in the formation of a nitrophenyl radical, which reacts with the surface to form a covalent bond (grafting) and results in a nitrophenyl modified electrode. The nitro group is electrochemically reduced to a NH2 group. Cobalt tetracarboxyphthalocyanine (CoTCPc) complex is then attached to the NH2 group using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) as coupling agents. The new CoTCPc modified electrode was characterized using cyclic voltammetry and then employed for the catalytic oxidation of thiocyanate.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Matemadombo, Fungisai , Westbroek, Philippe , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/268750 , vital:54228 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2007.06.064"
- Description: Electrochemical grafting of 4-nitrobenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) results in the formation of a nitrophenyl radical, which reacts with the surface to form a covalent bond (grafting) and results in a nitrophenyl modified electrode. The nitro group is electrochemically reduced to a NH2 group. Cobalt tetracarboxyphthalocyanine (CoTCPc) complex is then attached to the NH2 group using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) as coupling agents. The new CoTCPc modified electrode was characterized using cyclic voltammetry and then employed for the catalytic oxidation of thiocyanate.
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Electrocatalytic activity of arylthio tetra-substituted oxotitanium (IV) phthalocyanines towards the oxidation of nitrite
- Tau, Prudence, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Tau, Prudence , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/281234 , vital:55704 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2006.12.059"
- Description: This paper investigates the catalytic activities of arylthio substituted oxotitanium phthalocyanine (OTiPc) complexes that are immobilized on the glassy carbon electrode by electropolymerization, towards the oxidation of nitrite. The complexes are peripherally and non-peripherally substituted with phenylthio and benzylthio groups, namely 1a, 1b, 2a and 2b. All the modified electrodes exhibited improved electrocatalytic oxidation of nitrite than the unmodified electrodes by a two-electron mechanism producing nitrate ions. Catalytic currents are enhanced and nitrite overpotential reduced to ∼0.60 V. Kinetic parameters are determined for all complexes and a mechanism is proposed.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Tau, Prudence , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/281234 , vital:55704 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2006.12.059"
- Description: This paper investigates the catalytic activities of arylthio substituted oxotitanium phthalocyanine (OTiPc) complexes that are immobilized on the glassy carbon electrode by electropolymerization, towards the oxidation of nitrite. The complexes are peripherally and non-peripherally substituted with phenylthio and benzylthio groups, namely 1a, 1b, 2a and 2b. All the modified electrodes exhibited improved electrocatalytic oxidation of nitrite than the unmodified electrodes by a two-electron mechanism producing nitrate ions. Catalytic currents are enhanced and nitrite overpotential reduced to ∼0.60 V. Kinetic parameters are determined for all complexes and a mechanism is proposed.
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Electrocatalytic oxidation of chlorophenols by electropolymerised nickel (II) tetrakis benzylmercapto and dodecylmercapto metallophthalocyanines complexes on gold electrodes
- Agboola, Bolade, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Agboola, Bolade , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/281247 , vital:55705 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2007.02.017"
- Description: This work reports on the use of nickel(II) tetrakis benzylmercapto (NiTBMPc) and dodecylmercapto (NiTDMPc) metallophthalocyanine complexes films on gold electrodes for the electrochemical oxidation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (TCP). Both NiTBMPc and NiTDMPc complexes were successfully deposited on gold electrodes by electropolymerisation. The films were electro-transformed in aqueous 0.1 M NaOH solution to the ‘O–Ni–O oxo’ bridged form. For both complexes, films with different thickness were prepared and characterised by electrochemical impedance and UV–vis (on indium tin oxide) spectroscopies and the results showed typical behaviour for modified electrodes with increasing charge transfer resistance values (Rp) with polymer thickness. The poly-Ni(OH)NiPcs showed better catalytic activity than their poly-NiPcs counterparts.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Agboola, Bolade , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/281247 , vital:55705 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2007.02.017"
- Description: This work reports on the use of nickel(II) tetrakis benzylmercapto (NiTBMPc) and dodecylmercapto (NiTDMPc) metallophthalocyanine complexes films on gold electrodes for the electrochemical oxidation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (TCP). Both NiTBMPc and NiTDMPc complexes were successfully deposited on gold electrodes by electropolymerisation. The films were electro-transformed in aqueous 0.1 M NaOH solution to the ‘O–Ni–O oxo’ bridged form. For both complexes, films with different thickness were prepared and characterised by electrochemical impedance and UV–vis (on indium tin oxide) spectroscopies and the results showed typical behaviour for modified electrodes with increasing charge transfer resistance values (Rp) with polymer thickness. The poly-Ni(OH)NiPcs showed better catalytic activity than their poly-NiPcs counterparts.
- Full Text:
Electrocatalytic oxidation of nitrite by tetra-substituted oxotitanium (IV) phthalocyanines adsorbed or polymerised on glassy carbon electrode
- Tau, Prudence, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Tau, Prudence , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/268762 , vital:54230 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2007.07.019"
- Description: Comparative electrocatalytic oxidation of nitrite by tetra aryloxy-substituted oxotitanium(IV) and tetraamino phthalocyanine complexes is investigated in this work. The aryloxy complexes are substituted at the peripheral (4) and non-peripheral (5) positions with phenoxy (complexes a), 4-tert-butylphenoxy (complexes b), benzyloxy (complexes c) and 4-(benzyloxy)phenoxy (complexes d) groups. The glassy carbon electrode was employed and modified with the tetra aryloxy-substituted titanium phthalocyanine complexes (4 and 5) by adsorption, and with titanium tetraamino phthalocyanine (TiTAPc) by polymerisation. All complexes reduced the overpotential of the nitrite electrooxidation as well as enhanced the catalytic current by a 2 electron process.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Tau, Prudence , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/268762 , vital:54230 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2007.07.019"
- Description: Comparative electrocatalytic oxidation of nitrite by tetra aryloxy-substituted oxotitanium(IV) and tetraamino phthalocyanine complexes is investigated in this work. The aryloxy complexes are substituted at the peripheral (4) and non-peripheral (5) positions with phenoxy (complexes a), 4-tert-butylphenoxy (complexes b), benzyloxy (complexes c) and 4-(benzyloxy)phenoxy (complexes d) groups. The glassy carbon electrode was employed and modified with the tetra aryloxy-substituted titanium phthalocyanine complexes (4 and 5) by adsorption, and with titanium tetraamino phthalocyanine (TiTAPc) by polymerisation. All complexes reduced the overpotential of the nitrite electrooxidation as well as enhanced the catalytic current by a 2 electron process.
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Electrochemical and photophysical characterization of non-peripherally-octaalkyl substituted dichlorotin (IV) phthalocyanine and tetrabenzotriazaporphyrin compounds
- Khene, Samson M, Cammidge, Andrew N, Cook, Michael J, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Khene, Samson M , Cammidge, Andrew N , Cook, Michael J , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/271216 , vital:54522 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S1088424607000886"
- Description: Three non-peripherally substituted tin(IV) macrocylic compounds, octahexylphthalocyaninato dichlorotin(IV) (3a), octahexyltetrabenzo-5,10,15- triazaporphyrinato dichlorotin(IV) (3b) and octadecylphthalocyaninato dichlorotin(IV) (3c) were synthesized and their photophysical and electrochemical behavior studied. Complex 3b, containing a CH group in place of one of the aza nitrogen atoms of the phthalocyanine core, shows a split Q-band due to its lower symmetry. The triplet state quantum yields were found to be lower than would be expected on the basis of the heavy atom effect of tin as the central metal for phthalocyanine derivatives (3a and 3c). In contrast, 3b shows a triplet quantum yield ΦT = 0.78. The triplet state lifetimes were solvent dependent, and were higher in tetrahydrofuran than in toluene. Cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemistry of the complexes revealed only ring-based redox processes.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Khene, Samson M , Cammidge, Andrew N , Cook, Michael J , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/271216 , vital:54522 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S1088424607000886"
- Description: Three non-peripherally substituted tin(IV) macrocylic compounds, octahexylphthalocyaninato dichlorotin(IV) (3a), octahexyltetrabenzo-5,10,15- triazaporphyrinato dichlorotin(IV) (3b) and octadecylphthalocyaninato dichlorotin(IV) (3c) were synthesized and their photophysical and electrochemical behavior studied. Complex 3b, containing a CH group in place of one of the aza nitrogen atoms of the phthalocyanine core, shows a split Q-band due to its lower symmetry. The triplet state quantum yields were found to be lower than would be expected on the basis of the heavy atom effect of tin as the central metal for phthalocyanine derivatives (3a and 3c). In contrast, 3b shows a triplet quantum yield ΦT = 0.78. The triplet state lifetimes were solvent dependent, and were higher in tetrahydrofuran than in toluene. Cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemistry of the complexes revealed only ring-based redox processes.
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Environment and sustainability education in a changing South Africa: A critical historical analysis of outline schemes for defining and guiding learning interactions
- Authors: O'Donoghue, Rob B
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/373634 , vital:66708 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/122749"
- Description: This paper examines how, in response to emerging risk, methodological narratives for conservation (CE), environmental (EE) and now sustainability education (ESD) were constituted in diverse settings within a changing South African state. After documenting an awareness creation perspective underpinning early extension and experiential activities, the study examines shaping social processes and changing outline schemes for defining and guiding planned learning interactions (methodology) within the broadening field into the present day. The critical historical analysis developed in the study reflects a well-documented shift from early topdown (intervention/extension) to more participatory approaches (collaborative engagement/stewardship). A situated process-mapping of changing orientations also reveals characterising methodological features across the contours of an increasingly diverse field of conservation, environment and sustainability education.
- Full Text:
- Authors: O'Donoghue, Rob B
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/373634 , vital:66708 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/122749"
- Description: This paper examines how, in response to emerging risk, methodological narratives for conservation (CE), environmental (EE) and now sustainability education (ESD) were constituted in diverse settings within a changing South African state. After documenting an awareness creation perspective underpinning early extension and experiential activities, the study examines shaping social processes and changing outline schemes for defining and guiding planned learning interactions (methodology) within the broadening field into the present day. The critical historical analysis developed in the study reflects a well-documented shift from early topdown (intervention/extension) to more participatory approaches (collaborative engagement/stewardship). A situated process-mapping of changing orientations also reveals characterising methodological features across the contours of an increasingly diverse field of conservation, environment and sustainability education.
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Excited state dynamics of zinc and aluminum phthalocyanine carboxylates
- Idowu, Mopelola, Ogunsipe, Abimbola, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Idowu, Mopelola , Ogunsipe, Abimbola , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/271228 , vital:54523 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2007.01.025"
- Description: Photophysical parameters for zinc and aluminium tetracarboxylphthalocyanines (ZnTCPc and AlTCPc, respectively) and their octacarboxy substituted counterparts (ZnOCPc and AlOCPc) were studied. Data for the fluorescence quenching of the complexes by benzoquinone (BQ) were treated using the Stern–Volmer analysis, and the quenching was found to follow a diffusion-controlled (dynamic) bimolecular mechanism. Theoretical values of bimolecular rate constant for complex-BQ interactions were determined using the Stokes–Einstein–Smoluchowski model; and the values, together with the Stern–Volmer quenching constants were used in calculating the fluorescence lifetimes of the complexes. The thermodynamics of the MPc-BQ interaction, in terms of solvent reorientation energy is also discussed.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Idowu, Mopelola , Ogunsipe, Abimbola , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/271228 , vital:54523 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2007.01.025"
- Description: Photophysical parameters for zinc and aluminium tetracarboxylphthalocyanines (ZnTCPc and AlTCPc, respectively) and their octacarboxy substituted counterparts (ZnOCPc and AlOCPc) were studied. Data for the fluorescence quenching of the complexes by benzoquinone (BQ) were treated using the Stern–Volmer analysis, and the quenching was found to follow a diffusion-controlled (dynamic) bimolecular mechanism. Theoretical values of bimolecular rate constant for complex-BQ interactions were determined using the Stokes–Einstein–Smoluchowski model; and the values, together with the Stern–Volmer quenching constants were used in calculating the fluorescence lifetimes of the complexes. The thermodynamics of the MPc-BQ interaction, in terms of solvent reorientation energy is also discussed.
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Exploring the options for fuelwood policies to support poverty alleviation policies: Evolving dimensions in South Africa
- Shackleton, Charlie M, Buiten, Erik, Annecke, W, Banks, D, Bester, J, Everson, T, Fabricius, Christo, Ham, C, Kees, M, Modise, M, Phago, M, Prasad, Gisela, Twine, Wayne, Underwood, Michael, von Maltitz, Graham P, Wentzel, P
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M , Buiten, Erik , Annecke, W , Banks, D , Bester, J , Everson, T , Fabricius, Christo , Ham, C , Kees, M , Modise, M , Phago, M , Prasad, Gisela , Twine, Wayne , Underwood, Michael , von Maltitz, Graham P , Wentzel, P
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181213 , vital:43709 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2007.9752604"
- Description: Access to secure and affordable energy supplies is widely acknowledged as a critical foundation for sustainable development; inadequate access exacerbates household poverty. In the developing world poor households are frequently reliant upon fuel wood for all or most of their energy needs. However, national poverty alleviation policies commonly do not consider fuelwood within their strategies, and similarly, energy policies rarely consider the poverty alleviation potential of a comprehensive fuelwood strategy. Consequently, synergies between poverty alleviation and energy policies—with fuelwood (and its derivates) as the bridge—are needed. This paper discusses this potential using South Africa as a case example. The current policy environment that either favours or hinders a linkage between the poverty and energy sectors and policy options and strategies available to develop such links, are discussed.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M , Buiten, Erik , Annecke, W , Banks, D , Bester, J , Everson, T , Fabricius, Christo , Ham, C , Kees, M , Modise, M , Phago, M , Prasad, Gisela , Twine, Wayne , Underwood, Michael , von Maltitz, Graham P , Wentzel, P
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181213 , vital:43709 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2007.9752604"
- Description: Access to secure and affordable energy supplies is widely acknowledged as a critical foundation for sustainable development; inadequate access exacerbates household poverty. In the developing world poor households are frequently reliant upon fuel wood for all or most of their energy needs. However, national poverty alleviation policies commonly do not consider fuelwood within their strategies, and similarly, energy policies rarely consider the poverty alleviation potential of a comprehensive fuelwood strategy. Consequently, synergies between poverty alleviation and energy policies—with fuelwood (and its derivates) as the bridge—are needed. This paper discusses this potential using South Africa as a case example. The current policy environment that either favours or hinders a linkage between the poverty and energy sectors and policy options and strategies available to develop such links, are discussed.
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Exploring the practical adequacy of the normative framework guiding South Africa’s National Curriculum Statement
- Lotz-Sisitka, Heila, Schudel, Ingrid J
- Authors: Lotz-Sisitka, Heila , Schudel, Ingrid J
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/294386 , vital:57217 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13504620701284860"
- Description: This article examines the practical adequacy of the recent defining of a normative framework for the South African National Curriculum Statement that focuses on the relationship between human rights, social justice and a healthy environment. This politically framed and socially critical normative framework has developed in response to socio‐political and socio‐ecological histories in post‐apartheid curriculum transformation processes. The article critically considers the process of working with a normative framework in the defining of environmental education teaching and learning interactions, and seeks not only to explore the policy discourse critically, but also to explore what it is about the world that makes it work in different ways. Drawing on Sayer’s perspectives on the possibilities of enabling ‘situated universalism’ as a form of normative theory, and case‐based data from a teacher professional development programme in the Makana District (where the authors live and work), the article probes the relationship between the establishment of a ‘universalising’ normative framework to guide national curriculum, and situated engagements with this framework in/as democratic process. In this process it questions whether educators should adopt the ‘norms’ as presented by society and simply universalize and implement them as prescribed by curriculum statements, or whether educators should adopt the strategies of postmodernists and reduce normative frameworks to relations of power situated in particular contexts.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Lotz-Sisitka, Heila , Schudel, Ingrid J
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/294386 , vital:57217 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13504620701284860"
- Description: This article examines the practical adequacy of the recent defining of a normative framework for the South African National Curriculum Statement that focuses on the relationship between human rights, social justice and a healthy environment. This politically framed and socially critical normative framework has developed in response to socio‐political and socio‐ecological histories in post‐apartheid curriculum transformation processes. The article critically considers the process of working with a normative framework in the defining of environmental education teaching and learning interactions, and seeks not only to explore the policy discourse critically, but also to explore what it is about the world that makes it work in different ways. Drawing on Sayer’s perspectives on the possibilities of enabling ‘situated universalism’ as a form of normative theory, and case‐based data from a teacher professional development programme in the Makana District (where the authors live and work), the article probes the relationship between the establishment of a ‘universalising’ normative framework to guide national curriculum, and situated engagements with this framework in/as democratic process. In this process it questions whether educators should adopt the ‘norms’ as presented by society and simply universalize and implement them as prescribed by curriculum statements, or whether educators should adopt the strategies of postmodernists and reduce normative frameworks to relations of power situated in particular contexts.
- Full Text:
Factors influencing prices of medicinal plants traded in the Lowveld, South Africa
- Botha, Jenny, Witkowski, Ed T F, Shackleton, Charlie M
- Authors: Botha, Jenny , Witkowski, Ed T F , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181257 , vital:43713 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13504500709469745"
- Description: There has been limited research into pricing and consumer behaviour in the informal sector, an understanding of which is critical to effective management of extensively traded wildlife resources. This paper explores factors influencing prices of wild-collected medicinal plants traded in the Lowveld, South Africa. Resource management decisions relating to medicinal plants are often based on the high price/kg values of certain species, and the assumption that there is an inverse relationship between the availability of products and prices. Despite the high-utility value of these plants, subsistence consumers have historically paid low prices for products. In this study, price/kg fluctuated widely, as did market players' perceptions of species availability and consumer demand. Unit prices were low, with a few exceptions. There was no relationship between prices and perceptions of species availability. No relationship was found between prices and consumer demand in one study area, although there was a non-significant relationship in the other. The size of products was the main determinant of price. Consumers were prepared to pay higher prices for certain species, e.g.those used to treat children, those considered highly dangerous (culturally) to collect, or those used for anti-social purposes.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Botha, Jenny , Witkowski, Ed T F , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181257 , vital:43713 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13504500709469745"
- Description: There has been limited research into pricing and consumer behaviour in the informal sector, an understanding of which is critical to effective management of extensively traded wildlife resources. This paper explores factors influencing prices of wild-collected medicinal plants traded in the Lowveld, South Africa. Resource management decisions relating to medicinal plants are often based on the high price/kg values of certain species, and the assumption that there is an inverse relationship between the availability of products and prices. Despite the high-utility value of these plants, subsistence consumers have historically paid low prices for products. In this study, price/kg fluctuated widely, as did market players' perceptions of species availability and consumer demand. Unit prices were low, with a few exceptions. There was no relationship between prices and perceptions of species availability. No relationship was found between prices and consumer demand in one study area, although there was a non-significant relationship in the other. The size of products was the main determinant of price. Consumers were prepared to pay higher prices for certain species, e.g.those used to treat children, those considered highly dangerous (culturally) to collect, or those used for anti-social purposes.
- Full Text: