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Postgraduate student experience and retention at South African public higher education institutions

  • Authors: Smith, Carly Kim
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Education, Higher -- South Africa , College dropouts -- South Africa , Academic achievement -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/66005 , vital:74296
  • Description: A country’s economic growth and global competitiveness as a knowledge-based economy can be enhanced by an educated workforce. Therefore, the completion of postgraduate qualifications is of high importance to any country. In South Africa, according to the Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET), it is necessary to improve postgraduate (PG) output and practice skills to promote socioeconomic development. Despite an increase in PG enrolments at public higher education institutions (PHEIs), South Africa reported an increase in PG student dropouts and therefore it is evident that student retention is a challenge. To foster student retention, the interactions between PHEIs and students on their student journeys are important since positive experiences can contribute to the retaining of students. The positive experiences of students depend on different aspects, challenges and dispositions during the student journey. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the variables that influence PG student experience for PG student retention at South African PHEIs. Based on an extensive review of the South African higher education landscape, marketing literature, also in the context of the study, a hypothesised model of the variables possibly influencing PG student experience for PG student retention was proposed. The four independent variables identified were higher education service quality, service design, student engagement and student satisfaction. The hypothesised model presented student experience as the intervening variable and student retention as the dependent variable. This positivistic study followed a deductive approach and a quantitative research methodology. During the empirical investigation, a survey strategy using a self-administered questionnaire collected data from a convenience sample of PG students registered at 15 South African PHEIs. A total of 435 usable questionnaires were returned and analysed statistically. Both descriptive and inferential statistics, including a Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), Cronbach’s alpha, Pearson’s correlations, regression analyses, SEM for mediation as well as t-tests and ANOVAs, were employed in the data analysis. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Management Sciences, 2023 , A country’s economic growth and global competitiveness as a knowledge-based economy can be enhanced by an educated workforce. Therefore, the completion of postgraduate qualifications is of high importance to any country. In South Africa, according to the Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET), it is necessary to improve postgraduate (PG) output and practice skills to promote socioeconomic development. Despite an increase in PG enrolments at public higher education institutions (PHEIs), South Africa reported an increase in PG student dropouts and therefore it is evident that student retention is a challenge. To foster student retention, the interactions between PHEIs and students on their student journeys are important since positive experiences can contribute to the retaining of students. The positive experiences of students depend on different aspects, challenges and dispositions during the student journey. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the variables that influence PG student experience for PG student retention at South African PHEIs. Based on an extensive review of the South African higher education landscape, marketing literature, also in the context of the study, a hypothesised model of the variables possibly influencing PG student experience for PG student retention was proposed. The four independent variables identified were higher education service quality, service design, student engagement and student satisfaction. The hypothesised model presented student experience as the intervening variable and student retention as the dependent variable. This positivistic study followed a deductive approach and a quantitative research methodology. During the empirical investigation, a survey strategy using a self-administered questionnaire collected data from a convenience sample of PG students registered at 15 South African PHEIs. A total of 435 usable questionnaires were returned and analysed statistically. Both descriptive and inferential statistics, including a Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), Cronbach’s alpha, Pearson’s correlations, regression analyses, SEM for mediation as well as t-tests and ANOVAs, were employed in the data analysis. The validity and reliability of the measuring instrument were confirmed. The main empirical results of the regression analyses revealed that statistically significant relationships exist between the independent variables (higher education service quality, service design, student engagement and student satisfaction) and the intervening variable (student experience). A significant relationship was also found between the intervening variable (student experience) and the dependent variable (student retention). Therefore, all the formulated hypotheses were accepted. The SEM analysis revealed that an indirect-only mediation exists, implying that student experience mediates the relationships between the independent variables and student retention. No model modification was required since the goodness-of-fit indices showed that the hypothesised model is a good fit. Finally, the differences in mean scores across biographic and demographic variables revealed significant differences in how males and females perceive both student experience and student retention. In addition, the ANOVAs indicated that research doctorate, course work master’s and honours students (level of education) had different perceptions regarding only student experience. The study contributed on a theoretical level since it added to the body of knowledge on the retention of PG students through student experience within the South African PHEI context. The study also contributed on national innovation, human capital, national budgetary, PHEI budgetary and individual PG student levels. The final contribution of the research was at a practical level through the study’s recommendations and the development of a PHEI student experience for student retention implementation framework. Therefore, should this study’s recommendations and framework be implemented, it may assist to reduce the student dropout at PHEIs and this may positively contribute to South Africa’s socioeconomic development.
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  • Date Issued: 2023-12

Psychobiographical study of Daisy De Melker

  • Authors: Moodley, Kerisha
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Psychobiographical study , Antisocial , Personality dynamics
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62913 , vital:73067
  • Description: Daisy Louisa C. de Melker, born on 1 June 1886, was a qualified nurse who is famously known to have poisoned two husbands with strychnine in order to receive life insurance money while living in Turffontein, Johannesburg. Later on, she poisoned her only son with arsenic for reasons which are still unclear, and he passed away soon after. She is notoriously known in history to be the second woman to have been hanged in South Africa due to receiving the death penalty. The primary aim of the study is to explore the life of de Melker to gain an understanding of her personality development, with the aim of acquiring insight into the motivation behind her behaviour. The secondary aim includes exploring apparent Cluster B personality traits. The study is exploratory-descriptive in nature and the subject was chosen through purposive sampling. The study uses a qualitative, psycho-biographical, single-case research design to study De Melker, in order to explore and describe the personality development of her from the theoretical perspectives of Kernberg’s Object Relations Theory. This specific theory was chosen as it allowed the researcher to explore Daisy de Melker’s early childhood and upbringing that impacted the formation of ‘internal representations’ of herself and other people. The theory suggests that when there is a lack of integration of object relations, which is made up of internal and external representations, it may result in the development of a personality disorder, as it places a focus on relationships being more crucial to personality development than individual drives and abilities. Data was collected by triangulating multiple sources of information. Miles and Huberman’s (1994) strategy were used to analyse the data according to three steps, which include data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. The significance of doing a psychobiography study lies in merging of personality psychology and historical evidence which represents a growing field in the realm of biography and provides insight into personality development through a theoretical framework. , Thesis (Ma) -- Faculty of Health Science. 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-12

Pyrolysis of algal biomass and coal in a rotary kiln reactor: Pyrolysis behaviour, product distribution and kinetic analysis

  • Authors: Nyoni, Bothwell
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Algal biofuels , Biomass energy , Coal -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctorate theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62550 , vital:72823
  • Description: There are two primary reasons why the global economy is gradually reducing its dependence on coal as an energy source. Firstly, coal reserves are finite, and while some argue that current reserves will last for generations, the reality is that coal is a non-renewable resource. Secondly, the emissions associated with coal usage have adverse effects on both the environment and human health. While European countries have adopted seemingly aggressive strategies to replace coal and other fossil fuels, South Africa and other developing nations face economic constraints that limit such actions. Fortunately, there are more conservative approaches that can be employed, one of which involves a gradual introduction of renewable energy sources into the energy grid. Wind, solar, and biomass currently stand as the major renewable energy sources under consideration. However, it's worth noting that the intermittent nature of wind and solar energy production poses a significant challenge. Biomass holds the potential to replace coal in retrofitted coal-fired plants. However, the unchecked utilisation of biomass can lead to deforestation and have adverse effects on the human and animal food supply chain, as many essential food items are derived from plants. The debate over using biomass as a fuel source, especially when some types of biomasses can serve as food for humans and animals, has been a subject of ongoing discussion. Furthermore, biomass exhibits a lower energy density when compared to coal. Combustion stands as the primary technology for converting coal into energy and is widely used in most coal-based power plants. Gasification, on the other hand, has been employed for years in South Africa as a coal-to-liquids technology to supplement transportation fuel requirements and reduce reliance on crude oil imports. Pyrolysis, too, has found application as a key method for obtaining high-energy coal char, serving both as an energy source and a reducing agent in blast furnaces for the steelmaking industry. Pyrolysis technologies are gaining popularity in biomass-to-liquids processes due to their simplicity. Currently, there is growing research interest in simultaneous pyrolysis of coal and biomass. The study presented in this thesis focuses on investigating the pyrolysis of Scenedesmus algae biomass and low-grade coal in a small-scale rotary kiln, with particular emphasis on the synthesised liquid products. Algae represent a unique type of biomass that can be cultivated in photo-bioreactors with minimal use of agricultural land. This suggests significant potential for large-scale cultivation of algae, and ongoing efforts are exploring strategies for the mass production of algal biomass.Firstly, pyrolysis studies were carried out via thermogravimetric analysis instruments. It was revealed that because of algae’s considerably higher volatile content and lower carbon content when compared to coal, the pyrolysis process of algal biomass occurred at a faster rate. The highest pyrolytic reactivity of algae was 0.41 mg/min occurring at approximately 290 ᵒC in comparison with coal’s 0.06 mg/min occurring in the approximate temperature range of 550 – 600 ᵒC. The magnitude of the reactivity of the blends depended on the coal/algae ratios used. Furthermore, kinetics analysis revealed that the overall pyrolytic decomposition of coal followed 2nd order kinetics with an activation energy of 81.8 kJ/mol. The decomposition of algae and coal-algae blends occurred in two stages; the first stage decomposition followed 2nd order kinetics with activation energies in the range 130.3 – 145.5 kJ/mol. The second stage decomposition of algae followed 1st order kinetics with an activation energy of 27.3 kJ/mol, whilst coal-algae blends followed 2nd order decomposition with an activation energy range of 69.4 – 74.2 kJ/mol. Secondly, pyrolysis studies were carried out in a rotary kiln reactor wherefrom the char products were collected, and pyrolytic gases condensed to obtain pyroligneous liquid. It was found that the composition of oils synthesised from the pyrolysis of coal was rich in paraffins (52.6 % at 550 ᵒC), however the yield of oil from the pyrolysis of coal was low (6.9 %). Oils from algae and coal-algae blends were dominated by alcohols, fatty acids, fatty acid esters and poly-cyclic aromatic compounds. For example, the most abundant compounds in algae oil produced at 550 ᵒC were fatty acid esters (28.8 %), alcohols (17.6 %), fatty acids (10.8 %) and unsaturated aliphatics (10.7 %); the oil yield obtained from pyrolysis of algae was 40 %. The yields and composition of oils obtained from coal-algae blends were linked to individual contributions from coal and algae, especially at 550 ᵒC; however, the contributions were not proportional due to synergistic effects. This kind of study will contribute to the already existing but limited literature on coal-algae pyrolysis. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the potential of using low-grade coals (an abundant resource in Southern Africa) in conjunction with algal biomass (a renewable resource), in large-scale synthesis of liquid fuels and valuable chemicals via a simple pyrolysis process. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Biomolecular & Chemical Sciences, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-12

Screening medical plants for potential immunomodulatory action on macrophages in the fight against mycobacterium tuberculosis.

  • Authors: Shauli, Mathulo Mthabiso
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/12744 , vital:76161
  • Description: Pulmonary tuberculosis remains the leading cause of death in developing countries, it is an ancient disease that was discovered in the eighteenth centuries. The World Health Organization (WHO) tuberculosis (TB) regimen entails the first line drugs, rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. These drugs are taken for long periods and the load is high, they carry some side effects like liver damage and peripheral neuropathies, hence pyridoxine that is administered with TB treatment to mitigate the toxic effects to peripheral nerves. Drug resistance has emerged because of unbearable side effects of TB treatment in TB patients. In view of all these collective challenges of TB drugs, this study draws its motivation towards exploring natural products in the form of medicinal plants toward inventing new therapies that could be easily available and safer, and the macrophages were considered the therapeutic target for this study as they are the primary cells that get infected by Mycobacterium in the lung. Therefore, the study aimed at screening medicinal plants used by traditional healers and herbalists for the management and control of signs and symptoms related to pulmonary tuberculosis, for potential immunomodulatory activity on RAW 264.7 cells, and the objectives were; to obtain information on indigenous plants used to treat pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) from traditional healers and herbalist, to test the cytotoxicity of crude extracts on macrophages and hepatocytes (C3A cells), to determine the polarizing effects of crude extracts on macrophages, to determine the polarizing effect of the crude extract fractions on macrophages and to finally isolate and characterize the compounds in active fraction. vii All medicinal plants investigated in this study were collected through ethnobotanical survey, authenticated in Botany Department, dried, and extracted in 70% ethanol solvent. The dried crude extracts were screened for toxicity using 3-4,5-dimethylthiazole-24-25 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) technique on RAW264.7 macrophages and dual fluorescence staining technique on C3A cells at concentration 50, 100 and 200μg/ml in cell culture system. Seven medicinal plants displayed dose dependency toxicity, while three plants did not show any signs of toxicity with cell viability maintained at 100%. The three medicinal plants (Anthrixia phylicoides, Lippia javanica and Sanicula elata) were further investigated for immunomodulatory activity (Griess method) and antioxidant activity (CellROX® Orange and Hoechst 33342). Lippia and Anthrixia were found to be anti-inflammatory with low amounts of nitric oxide (NO) production, while Sanicula displayed a considerable amount of nitric oxide when compared to the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) control. NO was the biological marker measured that demonstrated the immunomodulatory effect of plants on macrophages. Furthermore, the two plants showed antioxidant activity on liver cells at higher concentration (100 and 200μM) while Sanicula exhibited antioxidant activity across all tested concentrations. Compound profiling for Sanicula was therefore determined by UPLC-MS hyphenation technique and the major compounds profiled were phenolic compounds. The crude extracts of Sanicula were further partitioned into five fractions using partition solvent technique (n-hexane, Dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, N-butanol, and water). Anti-inflammatory activity was repeated on the five fractions, and Dichloromethane fraction and water fraction drove the macrophage switching towards the M1 phenotype viii with considerable amount of NO produced. Compound isolation and identification was conducted through chromatography techniques, and ten samples (S1-S10) were isolated. The samples were further subjected to NMR-Spectrometry analysis for elucidation and characterization of isolated compounds, and S1, S7, S9, S10 were final compounds. RAW 264.7 cells were again treated with the four compounds and results indicated absence of NO production, the opposite of the two previous outcomes where there was clear evidence of immunomodulation. The results obtained from the compounds has indicated that drugs work in synergy, and in combination, like TB treatment which is taken as combination of all drugs. We therefore conclude that indeed Sanicula immunomodulated RAW264.7 macrophages, and we present a strong observation of macrophage polarization from M0 phenotype to M1 phenotype which is capable of degrading and destroying Mycobacterium, and the antioxidant activity of the crude extracts of this medicinal plant. We therefore recommend further studies in the animal disease model. , Thesis (D.Ed) -- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-12

South Africa’s international competitiveness and the 4th Industrial Revolution

  • Authors: Mchunu, Siyabonga Raymond
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Industry 4.0. , Technological innovations --21st century , Economic growth, development, planning
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65718 , vital:74231
  • Description: Economic growth and development are of major concern for the economy of many countries around the globe including South Africa. The production function predicts that economic growth and development are determined by the quality and quantity of inputs. Economic theory recognizes that there is a positive relationship between productivity, economic growth, and development. Industry 4.0 is predicted to be a major enhancer of productivity. In recent years, the 4th Industrial Revolution has been considered as influential for industrial growth and development. South Africa’s growth in manufactured products requires elements that are characterized by the 4th industrial revolution given the growing but relatively low manufacturing output over the recent period. The adoption of new technologies in the production processes requires structural changes in production requirements and this has implications for the factor market. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of competitiveness on South Africa’s industrial development over the past 20 years (1998 - 2018), in the context of the 4th industrial revolution. A quantitative approach was used to examine the relationship between industry 4.0 and competitiveness and ultimately between competitiveness and industrial development. This study focused on the manufacturing sector and a sample of three industries were randomly selected and they are, the chemicals, the automotive, and the iron and steel industries. The countries of focus are South Africa relative to Germany, China, and the US. A panel data regression analysis technique was employed, and the study utilizes fixed and random effects methods. This analysis method was used to answer the research questions and to address the research aim and objectives. Two models were used to address the aim of the study. The first model determines the relationship between industry 4.0 and competitiveness controlling for capital intensities and labour productivity. The second model determines the relationship between competitiveness and industrial development controlling for trade finance, the real effective exchange rate, trade agreements, and distance. The study found that for South Africa relative to Germany, the fixed effects estimation (estimation 3) shows a positive and significant effect of relative investment on relative total factor productivity controlling for capital intensities, labour productivity, and fixed effects. The random effects estimation (estimation 4) showed a significant and positive effect of relative total factor productivity on the export ratio. The relative real effective exchange rate and the trade agreement dummy were insignificant, but they had the correct signs which are positive. With regards to the findings for South Africa relative to China, the random effects estimation (estimation 3) shows that relative investment has a positive effect on total factor productivity, on average ceteris paribus. The fixed effects estimation (estimation 2) shows that relative total factor productivity is positively correlated to the export ratio, but it is insignificant. The relative interest rate is positively correlated to the export ratio, on average ceteris paribus and this variable is significant. Estimation 3 shows that the relative total factor productivity is positively correlated to the export ratio, but it is insignificant. The relative interest rate variable is positively related to the export ratio, on average ceteris paribus and this variable is highly significant. The relative real effective exchange rate shows insignificant results with regards to its effect on the export ratio for all the estimations with the exception of the pooled OLS estimation. The findings for South Africa relative to the US show that there is a positive and significant relationship between relative total factor productivity and the relative investment in the fixed effects estimation. In the fixed effects estimation (estimation 1), relative investment is positively related to relative total factor productivity, on average ceteris paribus. In the fixed effects estimation (estimation 2), relative investment is positively related to relative total factor productivity, on average ceteris paribus. The relative capital intensity and relative labour productivity variables are insignificant, and the direction of correlation is contrary to expectations. The random effects estimation (estimation 3) shows a negative correlation between relative investment and relative total factor productivity. The estimate is insignificant, and this is contrary to the expectations. On the other hand, the correlation between the relative capital intensity and the relative labour productivity has the expected signs even though both variables are insignificant. The random effects estimation shows that there is a positive and significant relationship between the export ratio and the relative total factor productivity for estimations 2 and 3. The random effects estimation (estimation 2) shows that relative total factor productivity is positively related to the export ratio, on average ceteris paribus. The random effects estimation (estimation 3) shows that an increase in relative total factor productivity also results in an increase in the export ratio, on average ceteris paribus. The relative interest rate and the relative real effective exchange rate variable are insignificant in estimations 2 and 3 but both variables had the expected positive signs in terms of correlation. The recommendations of this study which are informed by the empirical literature discussed and findings are that trade and industry policymakers should provide a policy that directs the investment of resources to new technologies that are being used in the production process of goods and services by the firms/investors to achieve industrial development in the modern day and age. Clarity is required with regards to returns from industry 4.0 investment which may be expected over time since there may be a need for capital budgeting. Provide incentives for the use of labour enhancing industry 4.0 technologies for manufacturers to encourage the employment of labour since labour productivity is important for competitiveness. To complement industrial policy with other relevant policies such as labour and environmental policies. Labour policies are vital for sustainable accommodative industrial policy for Industry 4.0. Factor in a provision for trade finance to further facilitate and stimulate the movement of goods into international markets since trade finance was an important factor for industrial development. Mitigate the barriers that hinder the movement of industry 4.0 technologies locally and internationally. The positive contributions of Industry 4.0 that were determined by this study echo the need for investment into education and training to provide the necessary skilled labour for smart production since this is regarded as a prerequisite for a wholistic implementation of Industry 4.0 and finally outline the necessary standards and regulations for the safe and sustainable use of digital technologies. Suggested future research is to investigate the effect of Industry 4.0 on competitiveness and industrial development in the primary and tertiary sectors to provide the literature which sets out insights on these sectors and informs policy. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-12

Spatial patterns of human-elephant conflict and elephant space-use in Liwonde National Park, Malawi

  • Authors: Voges, Mignon
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Human-animal relationships , Wildlife management -- Malawi , Wildlife conservation -- Malawi
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62721 , vital:72933
  • Description: Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) is a prevailing issue worldwide, threatening the livelihood of the affected human communities, and the persistence of wildlife populations and habitat. Human-elephant conflict (HEC) is particularly challenging, given the damage or harm these large animals can cause to human communities. Moreover, HEC threatens the safety of elephant populations as elephants can be injured or killed when people retaliate. Several studies have therefore been conducted to investigate HEC spatiotemporal patterns in order to better understand it and to develop mitigation measures. These studies predominantly used non-spatial statistics or global regressions to investigate HEC patterns and drivers. The general understanding of HEC patterns and drivers are therefore based on general predictions derived from global regressions that assume stationarity of the relationship between HEC and its drivers across the landscape. Previous studies using global regressions may therefore have missed or misidentified important drivers of the spatial patterns, making the resultant global regression models misleading. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the spatiotemporal patterns and drivers of HEC adjacent to Liwonde National Park using spatial analytical tools that account for the spatial nature of the data and the spatial variation in conflict drivers across a landscape. Using a Geographically Weighted Regression, I identified vegetation quality, season, and distance to seasonal water as drivers of HEC hotspots adjacent to Liwonde. HEC was more intense in areas with higher quality vegetation (compared to vegetation quality inside the Park) and areas that were closer to seasonal water. The relationship between HEC hotspots and these drivers varied at the patch-level and according to season. My findings suggest that HEC is more complex than the general patterns described with global regressions. The localized patterns and drivers of HEC hotspots identified, reflect trade-off between elephants securing rewards (crops), while reducing risks (encountering humans), as expected under forage optimality models. The understanding of elephant adaptation and trade-offs in human landscapes gained from my study, along with the approach I have adopted, can be applied to other HEC study sites, and help guide HEC management in Liwonde. This approach can also be applied to analysis of other forms of HWC, greatly improving HWC mitigation. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Natural Resource Management, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-12

Statistical analysis of hydrogeochemical data from fractured rock aquifers around Beaufort West, South Africa

  • Authors: Berkland, James
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Groundwater -- South Africa -- Beaufort West , Hydrogeology -- South Africa -- Beaufort West , Aquifers -- South Africa -- Beaufort West
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62442 , vital:72736
  • Description: Knowledge surrounding the procedures and protocols related to groundwater sampling are currently limited. In particular, the sampling of radioactive elements from fractured rock aquifers is poorly understood and in need of further research. The aim of this study is to provide a comparative insight into groundwater sampling methods used for the sampling of major and minor elements as well as trace elements within fractured rock aquifers in the immediate vicinity of Beaufort West. The influence of sampling source, seasonality, and vertical flows on sample results are observed. Furthermore, the importance of historical datasets is raised. Aims of this study were achieved by making use of historical data from numerous studies that were conducted near the Karoo town of Beaufort West. Potential profitable uranium deposits saw a great influx of research into the geology, topography, climate and hydrogeology. Synthesising data from these historical research papers has provided valuable information regarding the influences of sampling procedures on the results. A total of 695 well data samples were analysed from four studies collected from farms around Beaufort West. The importance of adequately purging a well prior to sampling cannot be stressed enough. There are minimal chemical differences between sampling boreholes and wind pumps, however there was a noticeable difference in the inter-relationships between major chemical elements. Groundwater samplers were found to be contaminated with Zinc and Copper attributed to wind pump fittings. Boreholes were also analysed to observe any changes in depth. Sodium, temperature and uranium had little to no changes with depth due to the homogenous nature of the borehole water. Principal component analysis was conducted on 159 groundwater samples comprised of 13 variables. These samples were reduced to four principal components (PC) which explained a total of 91.09% of the total variance. Factor one explained 61.99% of the total variance and was strongly associated with water-type and lithology while factor two (13.57%) shows the potential relationship between molybdenum and uranium as well as possible copper contamination as a result of wind pump and borehole fittings. Further research should be conducted by carrying out multiple sampling procedures on a selection of controlled wells to determine the best applicable sampling procedures. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-12

Strategies to promote skills development of technicians for the automotive retail industry

  • Authors: Sirayi, Siyabonga
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Automobile industry and trade -- South Africa , Automobiles -- Marketing -- South Africa , South Africa0 Occupational training -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65968 , vital:74292
  • Description: The automotive retail industry in South Africa is a significant contributor to the country's economy, and the role of technicians in the industry is critical for the industry's growth and sustainability. However, the industry is faced with a shortage of skilled technicians, resulting in a skills gap that threatens the industry's progress. This study therefore aimed to identify the strategies that can be used to promote the skills development of technicians for the automotive retail industry. A qualitative research design was used, and data was collected through semi-structured interviews with stakeholders in the automotive retail industry. The data was analysed using thematic analysis. The findings of the study revealed that the industry faces several challenges, including the lack of funding for skills development programmes, inadequate training facilities, and an outdated curriculum. To address these challenges, the study recommends that the industry should adopt a multi-stakeholder approach that involves government, industry and training institutions. The study also recommends that the government needs to provide funding for skills development programmes and create policies that promote the training of technicians. The industry should work with institutions such as technical and non-technical high schools, TVET colleges, and universities to develop a relevant curriculum that is aligned with industry needs. The study further recommends that the industry should create partnerships with Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) to provide training opportunities for technicians. In conclusion, the automotive retail industry in South Africa needs to invest in the skills development of technicians to address the skills gap and promote the industry's growth and sustainability. The adoption of a multi-stakeholder approach involving government, industry, and training institutions is essential for the success of skills development programmes in the industry. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Management Sciences, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-12

Strategies used by the female principals to manage learner discipline in selected primary schools in the Buffalo City Education District

  • Authors: Manyika, T
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Women school principals , Complex organizations , School management and organization -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/28277 , vital:74098
  • Description: School safety is regarded as one of the key drivers of quality teaching and learning. There is however evidence that schools worldwide experience violence and learner disruptive behaviours. The South African education system is amongst other areas, focusing on gender equity in leadership and management positions. Hence this paper explored the strategies used by female principals to manage learner discipline in selected primary schools in the Buffalo City Education District. The Complexity Leadership Theory underpinned the study in conjunction with the Intersectionality theory. Complexity Leadership Theory emphasises the identification and exploration of strategies and behaviour that nurture creativity, learning, and adaptability in the organisation. Data were collected from fourteen participants ranging from female principals, HOD and Vice Principals. Interpretive qualitative and descriptive case study design was used. Data were collected through the use of one-on-one semi-structured interviews, and document review was the second research instrument used in this study. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data and all ethical issues were observed. The participation of participants was voluntary, and anonymity was guaranteed. Some of the major findings were the participants’ use of their gender (female) as a resource in administering discipline, and their awareness and consciousness of the vulnerability of the school context. Parental involvement, community involvement and closed-circuit television (CCTV) camera systems aided the participants in maintaining learner discipline. Rewarding learners for good behaviour or good work habits (behaviourism) was discouraged due to its inability to intrinsically motivate learners to behave and accomplish goals. Instead, it was reported to be a form of a bribery system which teaches learners to work hard to receive something. The findings suggested that tertiary institutions introduce mandatory counselling courses to equip prospective teachers with necessary skills to effectively deal with issues of learner discipline in schools. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-12

Study of bias within CCMA Commissioners decision making processes

  • Authors: Gregersen, Peter
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: South Africa. -- Commission for Conciliation, Mediation, and Arbitration , Mediation and conciliation, Industrial -- South Africa , Ethics , Decision making
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65622 , vital:74206
  • Description: The South African law places a duty on judicial officers; to “protect the Constitution and the human rights entrenched in it, and will administer justice to all persons alike without fear, favour or prejudice, in accordance with the Constitution and the law. CCMA rulings have consistently come under review for “gross irregularities”, “misconduct” and bias as set out in section 145 of the Labour Relations Act. The Engen and Monare cases confirm that Commissioners’ decisions are prone to personal bias regardless of legal process designed to ensure the contrary. The linkage of bias, prejudice and discrimination has not been fully explored in a quasi-judicial sphere within South Africa. The key objective of the research was to determine the prevalence of bias and identify legal and psycho-social factors impacting Commissioners’ decision-making within the quasi-judicial body of the CCMA. A secondary objective includes the development of a mechanism for reducing bias decision-making. There are primarily two aspects at play when one considers bias within the ambit of commissioners’ decision-making. Firstly, the legal judicial side, section 145 of the Labour Relations Act and secondly, a psycho-social side of bias that effects all people. The formulation of decision making in a psychological sphere is fraught with many obstacles such as framing effects, heuristics, forecasting and indeed decoding or understanding of the problem and solution to be found. The relevance is that bias can be defined by a rationally explained theory that has been irrationally applied. A biased outcome causes a reaction. Due to the reciprocal nature of the reaction of the prejudice, bias can be seen as centred on an event or practice which would give it an ontological value based on biasness being an event. One would then classify bias as a sub-group of a form of discrimination which is in itself a sub-group of prejudice that directly effects social justice and is impacted by stereotypical attitudes and social dominance. The purpose of this research was to show the prevalence of bias in a semi-judicial state sanctioned body and the impact that ineffective, contradictory rules and laws have on the business community at large. In addition, a mechanism to be implemented that would reduce the bias phenomena from the CCMA and business organisations. This research was undertaken to uncover trends and provide insights into bias. During the conciliation/arbitration process various rules are ignored. Therefore, the gleaned insights from experts assisted in identifying whether the systems that are in place need to be improved upon and if manipulation of the processes does take place. As this research was the study of bias within the legislative framework of the CCMA the primary method of research was a deductive survey supported by a literature review and an archival research. In addition to the quantitative research a qualitative research approach using a semi structured interview was used for the study. Non-probability purposive expert sampling including six legal practitioners, au fait with CCMA procedures, were interviewed to determine their experience and views on Bias within the CCMA. Due to the technical expertise required in various Labour Laws, incorporated into the research problem, a qualitative research approach with inductive rather than deductive reasoning was preferred to facilitate understanding of the prevalence of bias. With the gap being a lack of properly qualified Commissioners. It is evident when a standard application of the same rules for all the people are not applied. In addition, with case management in regard to the referral of matters to weed out frivolous and vexatious disputes. The circumstances that result in biased decision making by Commissioner’s are numerous, corruption, racism, gender bias, ineptitude, lack of knowledge of the law, pressure to settle matters, a language component, an economic component, and lack of training to evaluate facts and evidence objectively. Additionally, a lack of consequences for taking biased decisions, rather than a decision that is necessarily right in law. Furthermore, a poor understanding of social justice is evident. The findings of which were that bias does exist and does have an impact on social justice. The CCMA can improve on their performance by managing their caseloads more effectively, with rejecting frivolous cases, employing commissioners with a formal legal qualification and improved training in the reduction of bias decision making. HR practitioners and labour practitioners leading cases at the CCMA can benefit by the psycho-social and legal (procedural) influences identified in the study. This study contributes to the understanding of Bias within a quasi-judicial system and explores the various contradicting laws and systems in use that expose Bias and the views from legal experts on ways to mitigate Bias. This study contributes to the literature of Bias within these systems and further research must explore the underlying causes of overt and covert Bias within the CCMA. , Thesis (DBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-12

Study on the Isixhosa elder’s perspective on mental illness in buffalo city municipality, Eastern Cape, South Africa

  • Authors: Bam, Zimkhitha Yolisa Nokubulela
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Xhosa language -- Eastern Cape , Mental illness
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62827 , vital:73046
  • Description: Generally, the elders in the family are usually responsible for their families, including the care and socialisation of younger members. With the increasing number of mental illness cases being reported, not only in South Africa but the rest of the world, it is imperative to explore what the elderly understand about mental illnesses, given that they may have insights that might be useful. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of elderly members in the isiXhosa community of the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality in the Eastern Cape province, regarding their understanding of mental illnesses. The researcher employed an exploratory-descriptive, qualitative design and adopted Lincoln and Guba’s model of trustworthiness. Participants were recruited through the use of snowball and purposive sampling and the data was gathered through one-on-one interviews conducted with elderly isiXhosa individuals. Thematic analysis was used as a means of data analysis, by following data analysis method by Braun and Clarke. The following themes were identified during the study; Limited understanding about mental illness, varied causes of mental illness and a generationally linked understanding of mental illness. The findings reflected the participants understanding of what mental illness is and the causes of it and suggest that more research is required to understand the cultural influences on perceptions of mental illness. , Thesis (Ma) -- Faculty of Health Science, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-12

Sustainable conservation practices in Tigray, Ethiopia

  • Authors: Assefa, Mulat Zinabu
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Nature conservation -- Economic aspects , Biodiversity conservation -- Economic aspects , Sustainable development -- Ethiopia
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65532 , vital:74185
  • Description: After the short-lived Derg regime's land reform in 1975, Ethiopia's smallholder farmers were granted equitable tenure and ownership rights for the first time in history. Furthermore, since 1991 there was a growing desire for better living conditions among smallholder farmers. As a result of the involvement of smallholder farmers, Sustainable Conservation Practices (SCP) was regarded as an effective symbol of government land and rural development policy in Ethiopia in the last two decades. SCP in Tigray, Ethiopia has been hailed as a model of conservation practices impacting the livelihoods of smallholder farmers and sustainable development. It has, however, been accompanied by both criticism and acclaim. Contrary to the success narratives of the SCP, Tigray's smallholder farmers continue to face livelihood challenges and climate threats. The primary aim of this study was to critically assess and explain the livelihood impact of SCPs and ongoing participation in soil and water conservation practices (SWCPs) among Tigrayan smallholder farmers. Previously, studies on the issue have focused on SWC techniques or local watershed management. There has been a lack of adequate research on the historical and political interactions between smallholder farmers and the state regarding land conservation in the past two decades. A mixed method approach was used to address this knowledge gap in four tabiyas through multiple sampling methods, using purposive sampling methods to select two reported models of conservation and random sampling methods to select two average tabiyas, in three different woredas. Mixed methods research was used to combine quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis techniques. The study revealed that Ethiopia's land use laws and policies under previous regimes have led to current challenges in sustainable land conservation and poverty reduction. As a result of land tenure laws and rights imposed by previous regimes, the challenges for the sustainable land use rights and land conservation practices continue to impact the livelihood of smallholder farmers. To demonstrate the success of land reform and conservation efforts, the government has been promoting the continued use of SWC practices by smallholder farmers in the last two decades. As part of SWC practices, political mobilisation and incentives such as safety-net programmes and agricultural inputs are used to encourage participation. Despite admirable advances in land degradation management, there were no appreciable differences between the results from the model and the average tabiya categories in terms of livelihood improvements. The success of the model tabiyas has proven difficult to replicate and it is still too early to judge whether the success of model tabiyas will be sustainable if they do not continue to receive extensive support from government and external stakeholders. The integration of local knowledge is crucial for the success of SCP, and the cumulative effect of the ‗one size fits all‘ approach in Tigray contributed to the failure to see substantial changes in the rural households. Thus, this study recommends the transformation of the rural and agricultural sector requires comprehensive, reliable, indigenous, and scientific paths that are informed by the local and lived experience of the rural households, rather than telling the success stories of conservation over again. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-12

The contribution of generic coaching to self-leadership

  • Authors: Govindjee, Kavita
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Employees -- Coaching of -- Research , Mentoring in business , Leadership -- South Africa , Organizational behavior
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65610 , vital:74204
  • Description: The working landscape underwent significant changes due to the Covid-19 pandemic, leading to an increased need for employees to enhance their self-leadership skills. The advancement of these skills could assist individuals to adapt and thrive in the face of relentless change. While self-leadership skills have traditionally been cultivated through training, coaching research has typically not considered it as a process of contributing to the growth of self-leadership. This study aims to explore the contribution of generic coaching to self-leadership. A qualitative research design using a purposive sampling method was applied to a sample group consisting of nine coachees. Coaches from the researcher’s network in South Africa had referred coachees who had previously been engaged in an individual generic coaching process, such as life, health, career, business or executive coaching. This exploratory study involved conducting semi-structured online interviews to collect data. An interpretative phenomenological analysis was adopted to learn about the lived coaching experiences of the participants. A thematic analysis approach was applied to the data to extract repeated themes that could provide answers to the research questions. The themes that emerged from the data included (1) the generic coaching process, (2) the factors that facilitate effective coaching, (3) the impact of coaching, and (4) the understanding of self-leadership. The findings of the research had, to a large extent, indicated that generic coaching contributed to self-leadership. The connection between the three self-leadership strategies, the coaching process and the tools that were used made this apparent. Coaching is another method of development that can enhance employees’ self-leadership skills, accelerate growth and facilitate learning. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Industrial Psychology and Human Resources, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-12

The contribution of women to household food security in Makholokeong Village and Diyatalawa village, Free State Province

  • Authors: Sihlangu, Nkhensani
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Food security , Sustainable agriculture , Women -- family heads -- Developing countries
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65957 , vital:74291
  • Description: The study investigated the contribution of women to household food security in Makholokoeng village and Diyatalawa village, Free State Province. Women’s contribution to household food security is poorly documented and misunderstood. Most often women’s contribution is considered as part of the duties of women as a wife and mother than as an occupation to be vaunted for both the household and national economy. Women play crucial roles in household food security as food producers, processors, and food providers for their families. Despite these crucial roles women remain unrecognised as main contributors of household food security. The study was guided by pragmatic research philosophy that used Participatory Rural Appraisal tool amongst other data collection tools to answer the objectives of the study. The study findings show that there is a clear-cut of the agricultural roles men and women perform in agriculture but the involvement of women in decision-making varies with crops and the type of household. The contribution of women to household food security is evident. However, women continue to face challenges which are limiting the role of women in household food security. The study recommends that further studies should be conducted to investigate gender roles in agriculture; and the effectiveness of gender equality policy implementation in agricultural initiatives. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-12

The coping experiences of healthcare workers during covid-19 pandemic in the Nelson Mandela Bay health district

  • Authors: Matsolo, Vuyiswa
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Medical personnel -- Nelson Mandela Bay , COVID-19 pandemic
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62871 , vital:73061
  • Description: COVID-19 increased in prevalence in 2019 and was declared a pandemic in 2020 by the World Health Organisation (WHO). The pandemic arrived in South Africa in March 2020, and drastically impacted the country. One such impact was to healthcare workers, who had contact with COVID-19 patients on an ongoing basis. Increasing pressure was placed on healthcare workers, and they needed to cope with the demands placed on them during the pandemic. The study aimed to explore and describe the coping experiences of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Nelson Mandela Bay Health District. To meet this aim, a qualitative explorative descriptive research design was used. Data was collected using individual, semi-structured interviews, with a sample of 10 healthcare workers in the Nelson Mandela Bay Health District. The data was analysed using Braun and Clarke’s (2006) Reflexive Thematic Analysis and the trustworthiness of the study was ensured through Guba’s (1985) model of data verification. Social Constructionism was used as a theoretical framework to conceptualise the findings that emerged from the participants within their socio-historical context. Participants shared their coping experiences which were different from the other but shared particular themes. Participants made use a combination of problem, emotion and meaning focused coping strategies during the peaks while utilising predominantly problem focused coping strategies during the lulls. It became apparent that there were differences in coping in terms of the lulls and the peaks with peaks producing fear and anxiety, while lulls bringing a sense of relief. , Thesis (Ma) -- Faculty of Health Science, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-12

The COVID-19 PANDEMIC’S long-term impact on the future of work in South Africa

  • Authors: Van Heerden, Barbara Antoinette
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020- , Job stress , Burn out (Psychology) , Work -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/66080 , vital:74333
  • Description: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the global economy and work methods, highlighting Human Resources limitations. This study explores its lasting impact on the future of work in South Africa, focusing on employee engagement, mental health, burnout, work quality, and future of work expectations. To provide a comprehensive understanding of the subject, an extensive literature review was conducted, including academic articles, industry reports, and publications, to examine pandemic effects on work practices, remote work, HR strategies, employee engagement, mental health, burnout, and future work expectations. Building upon the insights that were gained from the literature review, an online survey was designed, consisting of 70 closed-ended questions. The survey sought to capture respondents’ perceptions of work before and during the pandemic, as well as their expectations for the future of work considering the observed emerging trends during the crisis. The survey link was distributed to a sample of 130 respondents using a web-based survey approach. Of the targeted population, 51% completed the survey, thereby resulting in a final study sample of 66 respondents. Subsequently, a conceptual model was developed to illustrate the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the future of work in South Africa. The collected data was subjected to rigorous statistical analysis by employing various techniques such as the data spread analysis, summary statistics, data variation measures, internal consistency analysis, linear correlation, and factor analysis. The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was employed to ensure the validity of the measurement constructs and to ascertain the items that required removal. These statistical analyses provided an empirical evaluation of the impact of COVID-19 on employee engagement, mental health, burnout, and future work expectations. The results of the data analysis confirmed the hypothesised model, thereby indicating that all the four independent variables exerted a significant influence on the future of work in South Africa. The factors such as work engagement, work immersion, personal and professional burnout, client-related burnout, work environment, relations and cooperation, autonomy, facilities, work-life balance, work flexibility, leadership, and remote well-being were measured to assess this influence. Work burnout during the COVID-19 period was omitted from the analysis due to its failure to meet the minimum EFA loading criteria for the factor. In addition to the empirical findings, a framework for managing the future of work was designed based on the research outcomes. The study also discussed the encountered limitations, as well as called for further research in the field. It also provided recommendations for the HR professionals, the leaders, and the employees. Implementing these recommendations would enable the organisations to navigate the future world of work more successfully, which would foster greater agility and sustainability. These measures are fundamental in creating adaptable workplace models, strategies, and policies that respond adeptly to the dynamic shifts in the internal and the external contexts. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-12

The determinants of manufacturing sector growth among East African Community countries

  • Authors: Musiita Benjamin
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Economic development -- East African Community , Industrial productivity -- East African Community , Gross domestic product -- East African Community
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65876 , vital:74279
  • Description: Given the concern of the meagre contribution of the manufacturing sector output in total GDP within the East African Community (EAC) member states, the purpose of this study was to in-vestigate whether growth rates in the manufacturing sector output of the five East African Com-munity member states can be explained by variations in the factors of input, productivity and governance. The study benchmarks the growth frameworks of neoclassical growth and its exten-sions, as well as the institutionalist growth theory, which guided the formulation of empirical growth models. Estimation is achieved by implementing first difference generalised method of moments (D-GMM) on a linear dynamic panel model through the specific-to-general modelling technique. Among the factors motivated by the neoclassical growth paradigm and its extensions, estimates from this study indicate that human capital and the gross capital formation input factors can help in predicting variations in manufacturing sector output growth in EAC member countries. Among the productivity factors, estimates show that higher lending rates and increased openness had a significant negative effect on the growth of the manufacturing sector among EAC member states. The productivity variables of foreign direct investment, inflation, domestic credit and financial deepening showed no ability to influence manufacturing sector growth in the EAC member states. Estimates further indicate that among the governance factors, control of corrupt-ion could help boost manufacturing sector output growth among EAC member states. Results from this study show that the governance variables of voice and accountability, and of regulatory quality, had an insignificant effect on the growth of manufacturing sector output among EAC member states. So the study shows that manufacturing sector output variations in EAC member states can partially be explained by the neoclassical and endogenous growth models, with little efficacy in the institutional growth model, suggesting the incompleteness of the growth frame-works adopted in assessing the sources of growth in manufacturing sector output in EAC mem-ber states. The study results suggest that the EAC member states can boost their manufacturing sector output growth by implementing policies and programmes that create incentives for more additions to capital stocks and improving the quality of human resources while equipping people with skills, establishng financial instituitions which offer access to cheap capital, like the East African Development Bank, and adopting import substitution growth strategies which could re-duce the quantity of imports and limit outflows of foreign exchange. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-12

The determinants of manufacturing sector growth among East African Community countries

  • Authors: Musiita, Benjamin
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Economic development , Industrial productivity -- East African Community , Supply and demand
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65874 , vital:74280
  • Description: Given the concern of the meagre contribution of the manufacturing sector output in total GDP within the East African Community (EAC) member states, the purpose of this study was to in-vestigate whether growth rates in the manufacturing sector output of the five East African Com-munity member states can be explained by variations in the factors of input, productivity and governance. The study benchmarks the growth frameworks of neoclassical growth and its exten-sions, as well as the institutionalist growth theory, which guided the formulation of empirical growth models. Estimation is achieved by implementing first difference generalised method of moments (D-GMM) on a linear dynamic panel model through the specific-to-general modelling technique. Among the factors motivated by the neoclassical growth paradigm and its extensions, estimates from this study indicate that human capital and the gross capital formation input factors can help in predicting variations in manufacturing sector output growth in EAC member countries. Among the productivity factors, estimates show that higher lending rates and increased openness had a significant negative effect on the growth of the manufacturing sector among EAC member states. The productivity variables of foreign direct investment, inflation, domestic credit and financial deepening showed no ability to influence manufacturing sector growth in the EAC member states. Estimates further indicate that among the governance factors, control of corrupt-ion could help boost manufacturing sector output growth among EAC member states. Results from this study show that the governance variables of voice and accountability, and of regulatory quality, had an insignificant effect on the growth of manufacturing sector output among EAC member states. So the study shows that manufacturing sector output variations in EAC member states can partially be explained by the neoclassical and endogenous growth models, with little efficacy in the institutional growth model, suggesting the incompleteness of the growth frame-works adopted in assessing the sources of growth in manufacturing sector output in EAC mem-ber states. The study results suggest that the EAC member states can boost their manufacturing sector output growth by implementing policies and programmes that create incentives for more additions to capital stocks and improving the quality of human resources while equipping people with skills, establishng financial instituitions which offer access to cheap capital, like the East African Development Bank, and adopting import substitution growth strategies which could re-duce the quantity of imports and limit outflows of foreign exchange. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-12

The determinants of renewable energy in South Africa

  • Authors: Adeniyi, Bamidele Ojo
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Renewable energy sources -- South Africa , Power resources -- South Africa , Sustainable development -- Research -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65503 , vital:74163
  • Description: The South African energy system to date has been dominated by the high consumption of fossil fuels and the resultant greenhouse gas emissions. Aside from this, the country has continued to witness incessant power outages, a shortfall in electricity supply, and high electricity prices due to the ageing infrastructure of coal-powered plant. Meanwhile, the United Nations’s Sustainable Development Agenda mandates countries to ensure a sustainable environment by embracing affordable and clean energy in order to mitigate unfavourable climate action by 2030. The attainment of most Sustainable Development Goals depends on renewable energy development which includes solar, wind, hydro, geothermal and biomass energy among others. Therefore, an empirical study of the socio-economic and environmental determinants of renewable energy consumption in South Africa is imperative. Based on Environmental Kuznetz curve and Khan’s sustainable development theories, this study employed the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Vector Autoregressive (VAR) causality methods to analyse the long-run relationship between economic, environmental and social determinants of renewable energy. The quantile regression method examined the relationship between environmental degradation and economic growth in South Africa between 1985 to 2021. The study shows a long-run relationship between renewable energy and economic factors such as gross domestic product, energy imports, and exchange rate, while gross capital formation and average electricity prices indirectly impact renewable energy consumption. Moreover, there exists a unidirectional influence between gross domestic product and real effective exchange rate to renewable energy consumption. The study suggests that more investment in renewable infrastructures and technology would improve renewable energy consumption in South Africa. The long-run result between environmental factors and renewable energy shows that fossil fuels, deforestation, and carbon dioxide emission indirectly influence renewable energy, while energy depletion increases as renewable energy consumption increases. Meanwhile, a unidirectional causality runs from renewable energy consumption to fossil fuels and carbon dioxide emissions. This suggests that renewable energy consumption would improve environmental quality in South Africa.On the relationship between social factors and renewable energy consumption, the long-run result shows that educational spending and employment rate positively increases renewable energy consumption, while per capita income and urban growth is yet to positively influence renewable energy. Moreover, a bidirectional causal relationship exists between employment rate and renewable energy consumption. This suggests that renewable energy would create job opportunity or the other way round vice versa in South Africa. There is a positive relationship between environmental degradation and economic growth between quantile 10th to 75th, with a quick negative turning seen higher, at quantile 90th. The growth of per capita income also shows a positive relationship at the lower quantile, while an inverse relationship was seen at the higher quantile of 50th to 99th. Non-renewable energy shows a significant and positive relationship to carbon dioxide emission across the quantile curve, while renewable energy shows an inverse relationship to carbon dioxide emissions across the quantile curve; and a quick turn from 25th quantile showing that urban growth does not positively influence renewable energy. This suggests that non-renewable energy use damages the environment, while renewable energy consumption improves the quality of the environment in South Africa. The study recommends that a direct alteration of renewable energy consumption by government is a necessary condition to diffuse clean energy technology across the country. Also, increasing investment in renewable energy infrastructure through public, private and government participation is a necessary move to actualise the achievement of self-sufficiency in the renewable energy sector. Furthermore, since research is an engine room for technological innovation, government should prioritise learning in the form of research, formal and informal training, and short-term courses to equip citizens with the necessary renewable technology skills. It is hoped that the findings of this study would be beneficial to the policymakers in South Africa and also any country where renewable energy consumption is yet to be explored. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-12

The effect of entrepreneurial competencies on the performance of small micro and medium enterprises in or Tambo District, Eastern Cape

  • Authors: Senzeni, Phumlani
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: New business enterprises -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Small business -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Performance -- Management
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/28960 , vital:75577
  • Description: The Small Micro and Medium Enterprises (SMMEs) remain the key competitor in the development of the economy growth of the country. The SMME sector is the key driver to the national economy of countries, as it creates job opportunities, reduce poverty, supports household income, and improve the people’s standard of living. However, the rate at which SMMEs fail to succeed results in non-performance and business closure, and this is alarming and require attention. The reasons for this failure can emanate from a number of reasons, such as lack of entrepreneurial competencies, managerial skills, lack of intellectual personnel, low entrepreneurial culture and obstacles that hinder access to resources and market. Therefore, in this study the researcher examined the effect of entrepreneurial competencies on the performance of SMMEs in OR Tambo District, Eastern Cape. The researcher adopted quantitative research approach. The research data was collected using Google Forms survey method. The emails containing the link to access the instrument were sent to a sample of 399 SMMEs in the OR Tambo District. The response rate of 74%, which is 294 was attained. Thus, the findings of the study discovered that entrepreneurial competencies have significant effect on the performance of SMMEs. The study further found that entrepreneurial competencies “opportunity recognition, creative-problem solving, resource leveraging, and business networking” had a low degree of association with business performance although they are statistically significant to business performance. The self-efficacy was found with a high degree of association with business performance and statistically significant with the achievement of positive beta and low p-value which indicated a strong association to performance. The study made conclusions that entrepreneurial competencies have positive effect on the performance of SMMEs. Therefore, it was concluded that performing and successful SMMEs in the regions means employment opportunities in the country because they require human resources to do operational services and render services. The government and policymakers are encouraged to work together to form and strengthen development programs to assist SMMEs to grow the production capacity, operations and become productive. The SMMEs owners/managers and practitioners on skills development are encouraged to relook and strengthen entrepreneurial competencies that contribute to productivity and performance. , Thesis (DBA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-12
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