Photocatalytic desulfurization of dibenzothiophene using asymmetrical zinc (II) phthalocyanines conjugated to silver-magnetic nanoparticles
- Mgidlana, Sithi, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Mgidlana, Sithi , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/185953 , vital:44451 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2020.119970"
- Description: Asymmetrical Zn(II) phthalocyanines: mono (4-carboxy phenoxy) tris (phenylazo phenoxy) (1), mono (4-amino phenoxy) tris (phenylazo phenoxy) (2), mono (4-propanoic acid phenoxy) tris (phenylazo phenoxy) (3) zinc(II) phthalocyanines are synthesized and covalently linked to mercaptohexanol (mph) or mercaptopropionic acid (mpa) functionalized dimerized silver-magnetic nanoparticles (Ag-M). Complexes 1 and 3 are covalently linked to nanomaterials via ester bond whereas complex 2 is covalently linked to nanoparticles (NPs) via amide bond. The conjugates of complexes 1–3 with NPs gave higher singlet oxygen quantum than the Pcs alone. Electrospun fibers were fabricated from polystyrene (PS) solutions containing complexes 1 to 3 and their conjugates. The functionalized PS fibers were used for the phototransformation of dibenzothiophene. The increase in photocatalytic properties of phthalocyanines was observed in the presence of Ag-M with 3 alone and its conjugate with mph capped silver-magnetic nanoparticles showing the larger catalytic activity towards the transformation of dibenzothiophene.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Mgidlana, Sithi , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/185953 , vital:44451 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2020.119970"
- Description: Asymmetrical Zn(II) phthalocyanines: mono (4-carboxy phenoxy) tris (phenylazo phenoxy) (1), mono (4-amino phenoxy) tris (phenylazo phenoxy) (2), mono (4-propanoic acid phenoxy) tris (phenylazo phenoxy) (3) zinc(II) phthalocyanines are synthesized and covalently linked to mercaptohexanol (mph) or mercaptopropionic acid (mpa) functionalized dimerized silver-magnetic nanoparticles (Ag-M). Complexes 1 and 3 are covalently linked to nanomaterials via ester bond whereas complex 2 is covalently linked to nanoparticles (NPs) via amide bond. The conjugates of complexes 1–3 with NPs gave higher singlet oxygen quantum than the Pcs alone. Electrospun fibers were fabricated from polystyrene (PS) solutions containing complexes 1 to 3 and their conjugates. The functionalized PS fibers were used for the phototransformation of dibenzothiophene. The increase in photocatalytic properties of phthalocyanines was observed in the presence of Ag-M with 3 alone and its conjugate with mph capped silver-magnetic nanoparticles showing the larger catalytic activity towards the transformation of dibenzothiophene.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Photocatalytic desulfurization of dibenzothiophene using methoxy substituted asymmetrical zinc (II) phthalocyanines conjugated to metal tungstate nanomaterials
- Mgidlana, Sithi, Nwahara, Nnamdi, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Mgidlana, Sithi , Nwahara, Nnamdi , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/185760 , vital:44421 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2021.115053"
- Description: We report on the syntheses of three asymmetrical zinc(II) phthalocyanine endowed with benzoic acid, phenylpropanoic acid, and phenylacetic acid units: (1), (2), and (3), respectively. Metal tungstate nanoparticles, capped with glutathione were prepared and characterized using analytical techniques. Complexes were covalently linked to nickel tungstate (NiWO4) and bismuth tungstate (Bi2WO6) through an amide bond. The complexes and the conjugates with nanomaterial were evaluated for singlet oxygen generating ability. Complexes 1–2 and their conjugates generate higher singlet oxygen compared to 3 and its corresponding conjugates. The conjugates show degradation of dibenzothiophene (DBT) in fuel with shorter half-lives and greater initial rate values compared to phthalocyanines alone.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Mgidlana, Sithi , Nwahara, Nnamdi , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/185760 , vital:44421 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2021.115053"
- Description: We report on the syntheses of three asymmetrical zinc(II) phthalocyanine endowed with benzoic acid, phenylpropanoic acid, and phenylacetic acid units: (1), (2), and (3), respectively. Metal tungstate nanoparticles, capped with glutathione were prepared and characterized using analytical techniques. Complexes were covalently linked to nickel tungstate (NiWO4) and bismuth tungstate (Bi2WO6) through an amide bond. The complexes and the conjugates with nanomaterial were evaluated for singlet oxygen generating ability. Complexes 1–2 and their conjugates generate higher singlet oxygen compared to 3 and its corresponding conjugates. The conjugates show degradation of dibenzothiophene (DBT) in fuel with shorter half-lives and greater initial rate values compared to phthalocyanines alone.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Photocytotoxicity of heavy-atom-free thiobarbituric acid functionalized pyrene derivatives against MCF-7 cancer cells
- Babu, Balaji, Ali, Thaslima A, Ochappan, Thivagar, Mack, John, Nyokong, Tebello, Sethuraman, Mathur G
- Authors: Babu, Balaji , Ali, Thaslima A , Ochappan, Thivagar , Mack, John , Nyokong, Tebello , Sethuraman, Mathur G
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/190556 , vital:45005 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102102"
- Description: Two thiobarbituric acid-functionalized pyrene derivatives (P1, P2) have been synthesized to explore the photophysical properties and photodynamic activity of dyes of this type. Both compounds exhibit an intense intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) band at ca. 470 nm, which is absent in the spectra of the precursor. P1 and P2 exhibit singlet oxygen generation on irradiation with light with moderate singlet oxygen yields of 0.36 and 0.32, respectively, in DMSO. P1 showed better photodynamic activity against MCF-7 cells with an IC50 value of 18.3 μM under illumination at 455 nm for 60 min with a Thorlabs M455L3 LED (330 mW.cm−2).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Babu, Balaji , Ali, Thaslima A , Ochappan, Thivagar , Mack, John , Nyokong, Tebello , Sethuraman, Mathur G
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/190556 , vital:45005 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102102"
- Description: Two thiobarbituric acid-functionalized pyrene derivatives (P1, P2) have been synthesized to explore the photophysical properties and photodynamic activity of dyes of this type. Both compounds exhibit an intense intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) band at ca. 470 nm, which is absent in the spectra of the precursor. P1 and P2 exhibit singlet oxygen generation on irradiation with light with moderate singlet oxygen yields of 0.36 and 0.32, respectively, in DMSO. P1 showed better photodynamic activity against MCF-7 cells with an IC50 value of 18.3 μM under illumination at 455 nm for 60 min with a Thorlabs M455L3 LED (330 mW.cm−2).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Photodynamic activity of 2, 6-dibrominated dimethylaminophenylbuta-1, 3-dienylBODIPY dyes
- Khubeka, Gugu, Babu, Balaji, Prinsloo, Earl, Kobayashi, Nagao, Mack, John, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Khubeka, Gugu , Babu, Balaji , Prinsloo, Earl , Kobayashi, Nagao , Mack, John , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/190804 , vital:45030 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S1088424620500509"
- Description: Mono- and disubstituted 2,6-dibromo-dimethylaminophenylbuta-1,3-dienylBODIPY dyes were successfully prepared, and their in vitro photodynamic activities against MCF-7 breast cancer cells were evaluated with a Thorlabs M660L4 660 nm LED (336 J · cm−2)−2). The IC5050 value of the monophenylbuta-1,3-dienylBODIPY was ca. 2.1 μμM, while that of the diphenylbuta-1,3-dienylBODIPY was > 50 μμM. Both dyes exhibited minimal dark toxicity. The results demonstrate that monosubstituted 2,6-dibromo-dimethylaminophenylbuta-1,3-dienylBODIPY dyes merit further in-depth study for use as photosensitizer dyes in photodynamic therapy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Khubeka, Gugu , Babu, Balaji , Prinsloo, Earl , Kobayashi, Nagao , Mack, John , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/190804 , vital:45030 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S1088424620500509"
- Description: Mono- and disubstituted 2,6-dibromo-dimethylaminophenylbuta-1,3-dienylBODIPY dyes were successfully prepared, and their in vitro photodynamic activities against MCF-7 breast cancer cells were evaluated with a Thorlabs M660L4 660 nm LED (336 J · cm−2)−2). The IC5050 value of the monophenylbuta-1,3-dienylBODIPY was ca. 2.1 μμM, while that of the diphenylbuta-1,3-dienylBODIPY was > 50 μμM. Both dyes exhibited minimal dark toxicity. The results demonstrate that monosubstituted 2,6-dibromo-dimethylaminophenylbuta-1,3-dienylBODIPY dyes merit further in-depth study for use as photosensitizer dyes in photodynamic therapy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Photodynamic activity of Sn (IV) tetrathien-2-ylchlorin against MCF-7 breast cancer cells
- Babu, Balaji, Mack, John, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Babu, Balaji , Mack, John , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/185920 , vital:44448 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1039/d0dt03958f"
- Description: A new readily-synthesized Sn(IV) tetraarylchlorin with thien-2-yl substituents (SnC) has been prepared and fully characterized by various spectroscopic techniques and its photophysical and photochemical properties, such as the singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ), fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF), triplet lifetime (τT) and photostability, have been evaluated. SnC has an unusually high ΦΔ value of 0.89 in DMF. Studies on the photodynamic activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells exhibited a very low IC50 value of 0.9 μM and high phototoxicity (dark versus light) indices of >27.8 after irradiation with a 660 nm Thorlabs LED (280 mW cm−2). The results demonstrate that Sn(IV) tetraarylchlorins of this type are suitable candidates for further in-depth PDT studies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Babu, Balaji , Mack, John , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/185920 , vital:44448 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1039/d0dt03958f"
- Description: A new readily-synthesized Sn(IV) tetraarylchlorin with thien-2-yl substituents (SnC) has been prepared and fully characterized by various spectroscopic techniques and its photophysical and photochemical properties, such as the singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ), fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF), triplet lifetime (τT) and photostability, have been evaluated. SnC has an unusually high ΦΔ value of 0.89 in DMF. Studies on the photodynamic activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells exhibited a very low IC50 value of 0.9 μM and high phototoxicity (dark versus light) indices of >27.8 after irradiation with a 660 nm Thorlabs LED (280 mW cm−2). The results demonstrate that Sn(IV) tetraarylchlorins of this type are suitable candidates for further in-depth PDT studies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Photodynamic antimicrobial action of asymmetrical porphyrins functionalized silver-detonation nanodiamonds nanoplatforms for the suppression of Staphylococcus aureus planktonic cells and biofilms
- Openda, Yolande I, Ngoy, Bokolombe P, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Openda, Yolande I , Ngoy, Bokolombe P , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/190544 , vital:45004 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2021.628316"
- Description: New asymmetrical porphyrin derivatives containing a p-hydroxyphenyl moiety and p-acetylphenyl moieties along with their functionalized silver-detonation nanodiamonds nanohybrids were characterized and their photophysicochemical properties were established. The study provides evidence that the metalated porphyrin derivatives were red-shifted in absorption wavelength and possessed high singlet oxygen quantum yield comparative to the unmetalated core, thus making them suitable agents for photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy. As a result of conjugation to detonation nanodiamonds and silver nanoparticles, these compounds proved to be more effective as they exhibited stronger antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities on the multi-drug resistant S. aureus strain due to synergetic effect, compared to Ps alone. This suggests that the newly prepared nanohybrids could be used as a potential antimicrobial agent in the treatment of biofilms caused by S. aureus strain.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Openda, Yolande I , Ngoy, Bokolombe P , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/190544 , vital:45004 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2021.628316"
- Description: New asymmetrical porphyrin derivatives containing a p-hydroxyphenyl moiety and p-acetylphenyl moieties along with their functionalized silver-detonation nanodiamonds nanohybrids were characterized and their photophysicochemical properties were established. The study provides evidence that the metalated porphyrin derivatives were red-shifted in absorption wavelength and possessed high singlet oxygen quantum yield comparative to the unmetalated core, thus making them suitable agents for photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy. As a result of conjugation to detonation nanodiamonds and silver nanoparticles, these compounds proved to be more effective as they exhibited stronger antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities on the multi-drug resistant S. aureus strain due to synergetic effect, compared to Ps alone. This suggests that the newly prepared nanohybrids could be used as a potential antimicrobial agent in the treatment of biofilms caused by S. aureus strain.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Photodynamic inactivation of Staphylococcus Aureus with Schiff base substituted Zinc phthalocyanines through conjugation to silver nanoparticles
- Sen, Pinar, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Sen, Pinar , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/185688 , vital:44415 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130012"
- Description: We present the preparation of Schiff base substituted neutral phthalocyanines derived from aldehyde-substituted phthalocyanine which are conjugated to silver nanoparticles through covalent-like strong interactions. The photophysicochemical properties of the nanoconjugates and the Pcs alone were studied comparatively. The photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) activities. of prepared photosensitizers was investigated against Gram-positive bacterium (Staphylococcus aureus). Unlike Pcs alone, conjugated phthalocyanines to silver nanoparticles showed excellent photodynamic antimicrobial activity with the 100% reduction percentage upon illumination.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Sen, Pinar , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/185688 , vital:44415 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130012"
- Description: We present the preparation of Schiff base substituted neutral phthalocyanines derived from aldehyde-substituted phthalocyanine which are conjugated to silver nanoparticles through covalent-like strong interactions. The photophysicochemical properties of the nanoconjugates and the Pcs alone were studied comparatively. The photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) activities. of prepared photosensitizers was investigated against Gram-positive bacterium (Staphylococcus aureus). Unlike Pcs alone, conjugated phthalocyanines to silver nanoparticles showed excellent photodynamic antimicrobial activity with the 100% reduction percentage upon illumination.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Photodynamic therapy activities of phthalocyanine-based macromolecular photosensitizers on MCF-7 breast cancer cells
- Ahmetali, Erem, Sen, Pinar, Süer, N Ceren, Nyokong, Tebello, Erin, Tarik, Sener, M Kasim
- Authors: Ahmetali, Erem , Sen, Pinar , Süer, N Ceren , Nyokong, Tebello , Erin, Tarik , Sener, M Kasim
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/185655 , vital:44407 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10601325.2021.1934012"
- Description: Poly(oxanorbornene)s with zinc(II) phthalocyanine side chains have been synthesized by ring-opening metathesis polymerization. The incorporation of zinc(II) phthalocyanine into cationic polymer has given poly(oxanorbornene)s noteworthy photophysicochemical properties and the capacity to generate singlet oxygen under light irradiation. To investigate photosensitizer’s properties of the newly synthesized polymers P6 and P7: fluorescence (ΦF), singlet oxygen (ΦΔ) and triplet (ΦT) quantum yields of polymers have been measured in dimethyl sulfoxide and aqueous medium. Singlet oxygen quantum yields of P6 and P7 have been found to be 0.22 and 0.20 in dimethyl sulfoxide, respectively. Then, photodynamic therapy activities of polymers (P1-P7) against human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7 cells) have been investigated. The copolymer P5 bearing pendant zinc(II) phthalocyanine and triethyl phosphonium functionalities has showed enhanced PDT activity with less than 10% viable cells at 60 μg/mL.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Ahmetali, Erem , Sen, Pinar , Süer, N Ceren , Nyokong, Tebello , Erin, Tarik , Sener, M Kasim
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/185655 , vital:44407 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10601325.2021.1934012"
- Description: Poly(oxanorbornene)s with zinc(II) phthalocyanine side chains have been synthesized by ring-opening metathesis polymerization. The incorporation of zinc(II) phthalocyanine into cationic polymer has given poly(oxanorbornene)s noteworthy photophysicochemical properties and the capacity to generate singlet oxygen under light irradiation. To investigate photosensitizer’s properties of the newly synthesized polymers P6 and P7: fluorescence (ΦF), singlet oxygen (ΦΔ) and triplet (ΦT) quantum yields of polymers have been measured in dimethyl sulfoxide and aqueous medium. Singlet oxygen quantum yields of P6 and P7 have been found to be 0.22 and 0.20 in dimethyl sulfoxide, respectively. Then, photodynamic therapy activities of polymers (P1-P7) against human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7 cells) have been investigated. The copolymer P5 bearing pendant zinc(II) phthalocyanine and triethyl phosphonium functionalities has showed enhanced PDT activity with less than 10% viable cells at 60 μg/mL.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Photophysicochemical behaviour of phenoxy propanoic acid functionalised zinc phthalocyanines when grafted onto iron oxide and silica nanoparticles: Effects in photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy
- Dube, Edith, Soy, Rodath, Shumba, Mumyaradzi, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Dube, Edith , Soy, Rodath , Shumba, Mumyaradzi , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/185465 , vital:44389 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2021.117939"
- Description: This work reports on the covalent linkage of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) functionalised iron oxide (IONPs–APTES) and silica (SiNPs–APTES) nanoparticles with zinc(II) tetra–([3–(4–phenoxy) propanoic acid) phthalocyanine] (1) and zinc(II) mono–([3–(4–phenoxy) propanoic acid) phthalocyanine (2) via an amide bond to form the conjugates, 1–IONPs-APTES, 1–SiNPs–APTES, 2-IONPs-APTES and 2-SiNPs-APTES). The photophysicochemical behaviour of the conjugates was investigated. These were characterized by a decrease in the fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes, and an increase in the triplet quantum yield and singlet oxygen quantum yield when compared to complex 1 and 2 alone. The conjugates to IONPs-APTES displayed higher ΦT than those of SiNPs-APTES probably due to the heavy atom effect of iron compared to silica and the high loading capacity of the relatively smaller iron oxide NPs, however, there was no significant difference in the ΦΔ values of 2-IONPs-APTES (ΦΔ=0.59) and 2-SiNPs-APTES (ΦΔ=0.58), suggesting that the energy transfer process between the excited triplet state of 2-IONPs-APTES and ground state molecular oxygen was not effective. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) studies showed that linkage of Pcs to NPs improves their photoinactivation capability against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. IONPs-APTES and its conjugates generally displayed the highest log reductions than SiNPs-APTES and its conjugates except for studies after 75 min of irradiation for S. Aureus where the log reductions are the same. 2-IONP-APTES was recovered using a magnet after each photodegradation cycle and its stability after 3 cycles confirmed re-usability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Dube, Edith , Soy, Rodath , Shumba, Mumyaradzi , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/185465 , vital:44389 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2021.117939"
- Description: This work reports on the covalent linkage of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) functionalised iron oxide (IONPs–APTES) and silica (SiNPs–APTES) nanoparticles with zinc(II) tetra–([3–(4–phenoxy) propanoic acid) phthalocyanine] (1) and zinc(II) mono–([3–(4–phenoxy) propanoic acid) phthalocyanine (2) via an amide bond to form the conjugates, 1–IONPs-APTES, 1–SiNPs–APTES, 2-IONPs-APTES and 2-SiNPs-APTES). The photophysicochemical behaviour of the conjugates was investigated. These were characterized by a decrease in the fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes, and an increase in the triplet quantum yield and singlet oxygen quantum yield when compared to complex 1 and 2 alone. The conjugates to IONPs-APTES displayed higher ΦT than those of SiNPs-APTES probably due to the heavy atom effect of iron compared to silica and the high loading capacity of the relatively smaller iron oxide NPs, however, there was no significant difference in the ΦΔ values of 2-IONPs-APTES (ΦΔ=0.59) and 2-SiNPs-APTES (ΦΔ=0.58), suggesting that the energy transfer process between the excited triplet state of 2-IONPs-APTES and ground state molecular oxygen was not effective. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) studies showed that linkage of Pcs to NPs improves their photoinactivation capability against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. IONPs-APTES and its conjugates generally displayed the highest log reductions than SiNPs-APTES and its conjugates except for studies after 75 min of irradiation for S. Aureus where the log reductions are the same. 2-IONP-APTES was recovered using a magnet after each photodegradation cycle and its stability after 3 cycles confirmed re-usability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Population genetics of invasive and native Nymphaea mexicana Zuccarini: Taking the first steps to initiate a biological control programme in South Africa
- Reid, Megan K, Naidu, Prinavin, Paterson, Iain D, Mangan, Rosie, Coetzee, Julie A
- Authors: Reid, Megan K , Naidu, Prinavin , Paterson, Iain D , Mangan, Rosie , Coetzee, Julie A
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/419375 , vital:71638 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2021.103372"
- Description: Nymphaea mexicana Zuccarini (Nympheaceae) (Mexican waterlily) is a rooted floating-leaved aquatic plant native to southern USA and Mexico that has become a problematic invasive alien plant in South Africa. Biological control is considered a desirable management strategy for the plant in South Africa. A good understanding of the genetic structure of invasive populations has been useful in other biological control programmes because taxonomic uncertainty about the target plant can result in natural enemies that are not adapted to the invasive populations being considered as potential agents. For N. mexicana, hybrids exist in the wild and horticultural trade, but identification is difficult, so understanding the genetic structure of populations is required to ensure that potential agents are collected off plants similar to invasive populations in South Africa. ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeats) analysis was used to determine whether invasive N. mexicana populations from South Africa were genetically similar to native range populations from USA or whether they were hybrids. Results from these analyses were matched with the morphotypes of each population based on petal colour, shape, and size. The genotypes suggested by the ISSR analyses corroborated the presence of both hybrid and pure forms of N. mexicana in South Africa. Populations of N. mexicana in the invaded range that are genetically similar to native range populations are more likely to be suitable for biological control, while other populations are likely to be hybrids formed by crossing of parents from the native range or within the horticultural trade, which may present difficulties for management using biocontrol.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Reid, Megan K , Naidu, Prinavin , Paterson, Iain D , Mangan, Rosie , Coetzee, Julie A
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/419375 , vital:71638 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2021.103372"
- Description: Nymphaea mexicana Zuccarini (Nympheaceae) (Mexican waterlily) is a rooted floating-leaved aquatic plant native to southern USA and Mexico that has become a problematic invasive alien plant in South Africa. Biological control is considered a desirable management strategy for the plant in South Africa. A good understanding of the genetic structure of invasive populations has been useful in other biological control programmes because taxonomic uncertainty about the target plant can result in natural enemies that are not adapted to the invasive populations being considered as potential agents. For N. mexicana, hybrids exist in the wild and horticultural trade, but identification is difficult, so understanding the genetic structure of populations is required to ensure that potential agents are collected off plants similar to invasive populations in South Africa. ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeats) analysis was used to determine whether invasive N. mexicana populations from South Africa were genetically similar to native range populations from USA or whether they were hybrids. Results from these analyses were matched with the morphotypes of each population based on petal colour, shape, and size. The genotypes suggested by the ISSR analyses corroborated the presence of both hybrid and pure forms of N. mexicana in South Africa. Populations of N. mexicana in the invaded range that are genetically similar to native range populations are more likely to be suitable for biological control, while other populations are likely to be hybrids formed by crossing of parents from the native range or within the horticultural trade, which may present difficulties for management using biocontrol.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Positively charged styryl pyridine substituted Zn (II) Phthalocyanines for Photodynamic Therapy and Photoantimicrobial Chemotherapy
- Magadla, Aviwe, Babu, Balaji, Mack, John, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Magadla, Aviwe , Babu, Balaji , Mack, John , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/190600 , vital:45009 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1039/D1DT01047F"
- Description: Cationic Zn phthalocyanine complexes were synthesized using Knoevenagel reaction starting from a Zn(II) tetrakis(2-formylphenoxy)phthalocyanine (1) to form Zn(II) tetrakis(1-butyl-4-(4-(tetraphenoxy)styryl)pyridin-1-ium) phthalocyanine (2) and Zn(II) tetrakis(4-(4-(tetraphenoxy)styryl)-1-(4-(triphenylphosphonio)butyl)pyridin-1-ium)phthalocyanine (3). The photophysicochemical behaviours of the Pc complexes were assessed. The cationic complexes display high water-solubility and gave moderate singlet oxygen quantum yield in water. The cationic Pcs demonstrate good cellular uptake and photodynamic activity against MCF-7 cells with IC50 values of 8.2 and 4.9 μM for 2 and 3, respectively. The cationic Pcs also demonstrate high photoantimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli with log reductions of 5.3 and 6.0 for 2 and 3, respectively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Magadla, Aviwe , Babu, Balaji , Mack, John , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/190600 , vital:45009 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1039/D1DT01047F"
- Description: Cationic Zn phthalocyanine complexes were synthesized using Knoevenagel reaction starting from a Zn(II) tetrakis(2-formylphenoxy)phthalocyanine (1) to form Zn(II) tetrakis(1-butyl-4-(4-(tetraphenoxy)styryl)pyridin-1-ium) phthalocyanine (2) and Zn(II) tetrakis(4-(4-(tetraphenoxy)styryl)-1-(4-(triphenylphosphonio)butyl)pyridin-1-ium)phthalocyanine (3). The photophysicochemical behaviours of the Pc complexes were assessed. The cationic complexes display high water-solubility and gave moderate singlet oxygen quantum yield in water. The cationic Pcs demonstrate good cellular uptake and photodynamic activity against MCF-7 cells with IC50 values of 8.2 and 4.9 μM for 2 and 3, respectively. The cationic Pcs also demonstrate high photoantimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli with log reductions of 5.3 and 6.0 for 2 and 3, respectively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Power, Powerlessness and Radical Protest in Contemporary Cameroonian Popular Music
- Authors: Sone, Enongene Mirabeau
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Popular music Marginal society Power (Social sciences) Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6896 , vital:52474 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/18125980.2021.1947154"
- Description: The fraught relationship between popular music and the various kinds of power in Africa has stimulated intensive scholarship and encouraged heated discussions on the topic. Of special interest seems to be the multifaceted character of that interrelationship. It is generally agreed that artistic expression is influenced by political power and that the two mutually inform and shape each other. This article examines the themes of power, powerlessness, and protest as they affect political governance in Cameroon, Central Africa, and as they are reflected in Cameroonian popular music. It further shows how popular songs are used to examine fundamental issues of national concern and to criticise the political leadership. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate how popular music can open a window of understanding into the current political process in Cameroon with a view to drawing implications for positive change. Written against the background of new historicism and postcolonial theories, the article is built on the assumption that popular music is a vibrant and dynamic form of oral literature which is shaped by social, economic, and political forces in present-day Cameroon. As a result, popular music has the potential to play a role in influencing a society’s perception and sense of direction. The article concludes by recommending that if the issues of power and marginality in Cameroon are to be addressed more successfully, and if the politically fraught conditions are to be ameliorated, then Cameroonians must be prepared to undergo a radical change of mentality. Keywords: Cameroon; marginalisation; popular music; power; powerlessness; radical protest
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Sone, Enongene Mirabeau
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Popular music Marginal society Power (Social sciences) Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6896 , vital:52474 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/18125980.2021.1947154"
- Description: The fraught relationship between popular music and the various kinds of power in Africa has stimulated intensive scholarship and encouraged heated discussions on the topic. Of special interest seems to be the multifaceted character of that interrelationship. It is generally agreed that artistic expression is influenced by political power and that the two mutually inform and shape each other. This article examines the themes of power, powerlessness, and protest as they affect political governance in Cameroon, Central Africa, and as they are reflected in Cameroonian popular music. It further shows how popular songs are used to examine fundamental issues of national concern and to criticise the political leadership. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate how popular music can open a window of understanding into the current political process in Cameroon with a view to drawing implications for positive change. Written against the background of new historicism and postcolonial theories, the article is built on the assumption that popular music is a vibrant and dynamic form of oral literature which is shaped by social, economic, and political forces in present-day Cameroon. As a result, popular music has the potential to play a role in influencing a society’s perception and sense of direction. The article concludes by recommending that if the issues of power and marginality in Cameroon are to be addressed more successfully, and if the politically fraught conditions are to be ameliorated, then Cameroonians must be prepared to undergo a radical change of mentality. Keywords: Cameroon; marginalisation; popular music; power; powerlessness; radical protest
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Preformulation characterization and identification of excipients for nevirapine loaded niosomes
- Witika, Bwalya A, Walker, Roderick B
- Authors: Witika, Bwalya A , Walker, Roderick B
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/183126 , vital:43914 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1691/ph.2021.0137"
- Description: Nevirapine (NVP) is used for the management of HIV/AIDS but must be dosed frequently, exhibits unpredictable bioavailability and a side effect profile that includes hepato- and dermo-toxicity. Niosomes are a colloidal drug delivery system that may be used to overcome the low bioavailability, side effect profile and frequent dosing needed when using conventional drug delivery systems. The compatibility of NVP with sorbitan esters, polysorbate, cholesterol and dihexadecyl phosphate (DCP) was investigated using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD). Screening studies were undertaken to identify potential excipients that would produce niosomes with target critical quality attributes (CQA) viz, a particle size (PS) less than 1000 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) less than 0.500 and an entrapment efficiency greater than 90%. The results revealed that sorbitan esters in combination with cholesterol and 5 μmol DCP produced niosomes with the best CQA and Zeta potential (ZP) less than -30 mV which suggests good stability of the niosomes on storage. Sorbitan esters produced the smallest niosomes of less than 400 nm diameter with a PDI less than 0.400 and an entrapment efficiency of more than 78% without cholesterol. The addition of cholesterol and DCP was essential to form niosomes with target CQA.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Witika, Bwalya A , Walker, Roderick B
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/183126 , vital:43914 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1691/ph.2021.0137"
- Description: Nevirapine (NVP) is used for the management of HIV/AIDS but must be dosed frequently, exhibits unpredictable bioavailability and a side effect profile that includes hepato- and dermo-toxicity. Niosomes are a colloidal drug delivery system that may be used to overcome the low bioavailability, side effect profile and frequent dosing needed when using conventional drug delivery systems. The compatibility of NVP with sorbitan esters, polysorbate, cholesterol and dihexadecyl phosphate (DCP) was investigated using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD). Screening studies were undertaken to identify potential excipients that would produce niosomes with target critical quality attributes (CQA) viz, a particle size (PS) less than 1000 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) less than 0.500 and an entrapment efficiency greater than 90%. The results revealed that sorbitan esters in combination with cholesterol and 5 μmol DCP produced niosomes with the best CQA and Zeta potential (ZP) less than -30 mV which suggests good stability of the niosomes on storage. Sorbitan esters produced the smallest niosomes of less than 400 nm diameter with a PDI less than 0.400 and an entrapment efficiency of more than 78% without cholesterol. The addition of cholesterol and DCP was essential to form niosomes with target CQA.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Preliminary effectiveness of brief prolonged exposure therapy for ptsd: expanding access to effective therapies
- Booysen, Duane D, Kagee, Ashraf
- Authors: Booysen, Duane D , Kagee, Ashraf
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/454121 , vital:75311 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1177/15346501211017989"
- Description: Over the last three decades, several empirically supported trauma therapies have been developed to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Yet issues such as access to treatments and dropout are ongoing barriers to adequate dissemination and implementation, especially in low resource settings. To this end, we present results on the preliminary effectiveness of a brief prolonged exposure therapy (PE) for PTSD in South Africa, a low resource setting. Based on a case-series design, seven participants (n = 7) from diverse socio-cultural backgrounds were recruited and started a six-session brief PE for PTSD and co-morbid depression and anxiety. To examine the treatment outcomes, participants were assessed at baseline, during treatment, post-intervention, and at 3-month follow-up. Overall, brief PE reduced symptoms of PTSD, depression, and anxiety from baseline to post-intervention, and at 3-month follow-up. A downward trend in symptoms was evident during treatment, with slight symptom variations during exposure sessions. In conclusion, a six-session brief PE intervention produced positive outcomes for PTSD, depression, and anxiety at two community counseling centers in South Africa. We reflect on the implementation of brief PE in a South African context.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Booysen, Duane D , Kagee, Ashraf
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/454121 , vital:75311 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1177/15346501211017989"
- Description: Over the last three decades, several empirically supported trauma therapies have been developed to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Yet issues such as access to treatments and dropout are ongoing barriers to adequate dissemination and implementation, especially in low resource settings. To this end, we present results on the preliminary effectiveness of a brief prolonged exposure therapy (PE) for PTSD in South Africa, a low resource setting. Based on a case-series design, seven participants (n = 7) from diverse socio-cultural backgrounds were recruited and started a six-session brief PE for PTSD and co-morbid depression and anxiety. To examine the treatment outcomes, participants were assessed at baseline, during treatment, post-intervention, and at 3-month follow-up. Overall, brief PE reduced symptoms of PTSD, depression, and anxiety from baseline to post-intervention, and at 3-month follow-up. A downward trend in symptoms was evident during treatment, with slight symptom variations during exposure sessions. In conclusion, a six-session brief PE intervention produced positive outcomes for PTSD, depression, and anxiety at two community counseling centers in South Africa. We reflect on the implementation of brief PE in a South African context.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Prevalence and clinical correlates of substance use disorders in South African Xhosa patients with schizophrenia
- Temmingh, Henk, Susser, Ezra, Mall, Sumaya, Campbell, Megan M, Sibeko, Goodman, Stein, Dan J
- Authors: Temmingh, Henk , Susser, Ezra , Mall, Sumaya , Campbell, Megan M , Sibeko, Goodman , Stein, Dan J
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/302509 , vital:58203 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-020-01942-5"
- Description: Purpose: To determine the prevalence of substance use disorders (SUDs) in patients with schizophrenia in a sample from South Africa and compare the clinical and demographic correlates in those with and without co-occurring SUDs. Methods: Patients with schizophrenia were interviewed using the Xhosa version SCID-I for DSM-IV. We used logistic regression to determine the predictors of SUDs. Results: In the total sample of 1420 participants, SUDs occurred in 47.8%, with the most prevalent SUD being cannabis use disorders (39.6%), followed by alcohol (20.5%), methaqualone (6.2%), methamphetamine (4.8%) and other SUDs (cocaine, ecstasy, opioids, 0.6%). Polydrug use occurred in 40%, abuse occurred in 13.5%, and 39.6% had at least one substance dependence diagnosis. Signifcant predictors of any SUD were younger age (41–55 vs. 21–30: OR=0.7, 95% CI=0.5–0.9), male sex (OR=8.6, 95% CI=5.1–14.6), inpatient status (OR=1.7, 95% CI=1.3–2.1), post-traumatic stress symptoms (OR=4.6, 95% CI=1.6–13.3), legal (OR=3.4, 95% CI=2.0–5.5) and economic problems (OR=1.4, 95% CI=1.0–2.0). Methamphetamine use disorders occurred signifcantly less often in the Eastern compared to the Western Cape provinces. Inpatient status and higher levels of prior admissions were signifcantly associated with cannabis and methamphetamine use disorders. Post-traumatic stress symptoms were signifcantly associated with alcohol use disorders. Anxiety disorders were associated with other SUDs. Conclusion: SUDs occurred in almost half of the sample. It is important for clinicians to identify the presence of SUDs as their presence is associated with characteristics, such as male sex, younger age, inpatient status, more prior hospitalisations, legal and economic problems, PTSD symptoms and anxiety.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Temmingh, Henk , Susser, Ezra , Mall, Sumaya , Campbell, Megan M , Sibeko, Goodman , Stein, Dan J
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/302509 , vital:58203 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-020-01942-5"
- Description: Purpose: To determine the prevalence of substance use disorders (SUDs) in patients with schizophrenia in a sample from South Africa and compare the clinical and demographic correlates in those with and without co-occurring SUDs. Methods: Patients with schizophrenia were interviewed using the Xhosa version SCID-I for DSM-IV. We used logistic regression to determine the predictors of SUDs. Results: In the total sample of 1420 participants, SUDs occurred in 47.8%, with the most prevalent SUD being cannabis use disorders (39.6%), followed by alcohol (20.5%), methaqualone (6.2%), methamphetamine (4.8%) and other SUDs (cocaine, ecstasy, opioids, 0.6%). Polydrug use occurred in 40%, abuse occurred in 13.5%, and 39.6% had at least one substance dependence diagnosis. Signifcant predictors of any SUD were younger age (41–55 vs. 21–30: OR=0.7, 95% CI=0.5–0.9), male sex (OR=8.6, 95% CI=5.1–14.6), inpatient status (OR=1.7, 95% CI=1.3–2.1), post-traumatic stress symptoms (OR=4.6, 95% CI=1.6–13.3), legal (OR=3.4, 95% CI=2.0–5.5) and economic problems (OR=1.4, 95% CI=1.0–2.0). Methamphetamine use disorders occurred signifcantly less often in the Eastern compared to the Western Cape provinces. Inpatient status and higher levels of prior admissions were signifcantly associated with cannabis and methamphetamine use disorders. Post-traumatic stress symptoms were signifcantly associated with alcohol use disorders. Anxiety disorders were associated with other SUDs. Conclusion: SUDs occurred in almost half of the sample. It is important for clinicians to identify the presence of SUDs as their presence is associated with characteristics, such as male sex, younger age, inpatient status, more prior hospitalisations, legal and economic problems, PTSD symptoms and anxiety.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Prevalence and determinants of tobacco use amongst South African adults with mental illness in the Eastern Cape
- Tindimwebwa, Linda K, Ajayi, Anthony I, Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent
- Authors: Tindimwebwa, Linda K , Ajayi, Anthony I , Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: mental health mental illiness tobacco use Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7278 , vital:53109 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v27i0.1637"
- Description: Background: Given the physical and mental health consequences of tobacco use amongst individuals with mental illness, it was imperative to assess the burden of tobacco use in this population. Aim: This study examined the patterns and factors associated with tobacco use in individuals attending the outpatient unit. Setting: Cecilia Makiwane Hospital Mental Health Department in Eastern Cape province, South Africa. Methods: Lifetime (ever use) use and current use of any tobacco products were examined in a cross-sectional study of 390 individuals between March and June 2020. A logistic regression was fitted to determine the correlates of lifetime and current use of any tobacco products. Results: The rates of ever use and current use of tobacco products were 59.4% and 44.6%, respectively. Of the participants interviewed, lifetime tobacco use was more prevalent amongst individuals with schizophrenia (67.9%) and cannabis-induced disorders (97.3%) and lower in those with major depressive disorders (36.1%) and bipolar and related disorders (43.5%). Men were six times more likely to have ever used or currently use tobacco products in comparison to women. Also, those who had a salaried job or owned a business were over three times more likely to have ever used or currently use tobacco products compared with those receiving government social grants. Conclusions: The prevalence of tobacco use in this study was significantly higher than the general population in the Eastern Cape. Therefore, smoking prevention and cessation interventions targeted at the general population should target this often neglected sub-population in the region. Keywords: Eastern Cape province; mental health users; mental illness; South Africa; tobacco use.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Tindimwebwa, Linda K , Ajayi, Anthony I , Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: mental health mental illiness tobacco use Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7278 , vital:53109 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v27i0.1637"
- Description: Background: Given the physical and mental health consequences of tobacco use amongst individuals with mental illness, it was imperative to assess the burden of tobacco use in this population. Aim: This study examined the patterns and factors associated with tobacco use in individuals attending the outpatient unit. Setting: Cecilia Makiwane Hospital Mental Health Department in Eastern Cape province, South Africa. Methods: Lifetime (ever use) use and current use of any tobacco products were examined in a cross-sectional study of 390 individuals between March and June 2020. A logistic regression was fitted to determine the correlates of lifetime and current use of any tobacco products. Results: The rates of ever use and current use of tobacco products were 59.4% and 44.6%, respectively. Of the participants interviewed, lifetime tobacco use was more prevalent amongst individuals with schizophrenia (67.9%) and cannabis-induced disorders (97.3%) and lower in those with major depressive disorders (36.1%) and bipolar and related disorders (43.5%). Men were six times more likely to have ever used or currently use tobacco products in comparison to women. Also, those who had a salaried job or owned a business were over three times more likely to have ever used or currently use tobacco products compared with those receiving government social grants. Conclusions: The prevalence of tobacco use in this study was significantly higher than the general population in the Eastern Cape. Therefore, smoking prevention and cessation interventions targeted at the general population should target this often neglected sub-population in the region. Keywords: Eastern Cape province; mental health users; mental illness; South Africa; tobacco use.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Prevalence and factors associated with suicidal ideation amongst college students in the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality, South Africa
- Alabi, Adeyinka A, Oladimeji, Olawumi K, Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent
- Authors: Alabi, Adeyinka A , Oladimeji, Olawumi K , Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Suicidal behaviour Education (Higher) Students Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7235 , vital:53093 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.4102/safp.v63i1.5195"
- Description: Background: Suicidal behaviour amongst college students constitutes a significant social and public health problem globally. This study determined the prevalence and associated factors of suicidal ideation amongst students of higher education in the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (NMBM), South Africa. Methods: In this institution-based cross-sectional study, a multistage cluster sampling of 826 participants, drawn from a college in NMBM, was conducted from January to March 2020. Data were collected with a standardised self-administered questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with suicidal ideation. Results: Participants’ ages ranged from 18 to 24 years, with a mean age of 20.49 years (standard deviation, 1.88 years). The lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation and plans in the preceding 12 months were 24.5% and 9.6%, respectively. The odds of suicidal ideation were higher in students who experienced bullying (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35–2.65), mental illness (AOR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.35–2.65), a history of sexual assault (AOR, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.20–5.21) and experience of sexual assault by or to a close family member (AOR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.01–2.82). Underlying chronic illness was associated with a twofold risk for suicidal ideation in both sexes. Conclusion: About a quarter of the students sampled at the college had experienced suicidal ideation and some had had suicidal plans in the preceding 12 months. Screening for the identified risk factors amongst the student population coupled with prompt interventions would mitigate the risk of suicide in the study population. Keywords: suicidal behaviour; suicidal plans; higher education; students; South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Alabi, Adeyinka A , Oladimeji, Olawumi K , Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Suicidal behaviour Education (Higher) Students Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7235 , vital:53093 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.4102/safp.v63i1.5195"
- Description: Background: Suicidal behaviour amongst college students constitutes a significant social and public health problem globally. This study determined the prevalence and associated factors of suicidal ideation amongst students of higher education in the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (NMBM), South Africa. Methods: In this institution-based cross-sectional study, a multistage cluster sampling of 826 participants, drawn from a college in NMBM, was conducted from January to March 2020. Data were collected with a standardised self-administered questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with suicidal ideation. Results: Participants’ ages ranged from 18 to 24 years, with a mean age of 20.49 years (standard deviation, 1.88 years). The lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation and plans in the preceding 12 months were 24.5% and 9.6%, respectively. The odds of suicidal ideation were higher in students who experienced bullying (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35–2.65), mental illness (AOR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.35–2.65), a history of sexual assault (AOR, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.20–5.21) and experience of sexual assault by or to a close family member (AOR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.01–2.82). Underlying chronic illness was associated with a twofold risk for suicidal ideation in both sexes. Conclusion: About a quarter of the students sampled at the college had experienced suicidal ideation and some had had suicidal plans in the preceding 12 months. Screening for the identified risk factors amongst the student population coupled with prompt interventions would mitigate the risk of suicide in the study population. Keywords: suicidal behaviour; suicidal plans; higher education; students; South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Prevalence and Implications of Telecommunication Counselling
- Authors: Lusiba, Sinazo.
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Counseling
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7554 , vital:54349
- Description: ABSTRACT The purpose of the present study was to explore prevalence and implications of telecommunication counselling. Available literature suggests that telecommunication counselling may have far-reaching implications in the mental health practice in general, and particularly in psychology. This study was guided by the social information processing theoretical framework. A total number of 26 mental health practitioners aged from 22 to 45 were selected using purposive sampling. In this study questionnaires were distributed to respondents through email, email was also used to collect the research data. Research ethics, such as confidentiality, anonymity, and voluntary participation, were strictly observed. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23 was used to analyse the data. The analysed data are presented in frequency tables and graphs. This study found that there are effectiveness and efficiency factors associated with the use telecommunication counselling. Furthermore, the findings imply that the popularity of this type of counselling has been growing steadily in the past few years, especially in urban areas. Furthermore, despite the increase and growing popularity in the use of telecommunication counselling, the results suggest the presence of ethical dilemmas that confront the practitioners. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculy of Humanities, Social Sciences and Law, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Lusiba, Sinazo.
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Counseling
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7554 , vital:54349
- Description: ABSTRACT The purpose of the present study was to explore prevalence and implications of telecommunication counselling. Available literature suggests that telecommunication counselling may have far-reaching implications in the mental health practice in general, and particularly in psychology. This study was guided by the social information processing theoretical framework. A total number of 26 mental health practitioners aged from 22 to 45 were selected using purposive sampling. In this study questionnaires were distributed to respondents through email, email was also used to collect the research data. Research ethics, such as confidentiality, anonymity, and voluntary participation, were strictly observed. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23 was used to analyse the data. The analysed data are presented in frequency tables and graphs. This study found that there are effectiveness and efficiency factors associated with the use telecommunication counselling. Furthermore, the findings imply that the popularity of this type of counselling has been growing steadily in the past few years, especially in urban areas. Furthermore, despite the increase and growing popularity in the use of telecommunication counselling, the results suggest the presence of ethical dilemmas that confront the practitioners. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculy of Humanities, Social Sciences and Law, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Primary healthcare approach to substance abuse management
- Authors: Kaswa, Ramprakash
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Substance abuse Diseases Primary health care Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7259 , vital:53104 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.4102/safp.v63i1.5307"
- Description: Substance abuse is common amongst patients attending primary healthcare settings. Despite the substantial impact on one’s health, substance abuse is often underdiagnosed by primary care providers owing to a lack of training and time for screening. Self-reported screening tools are easy to administer and efficient to make a substance abuse diagnosis in primary care settings. Comorbid mental illness and intimate partner violence are common amongst patients presenting with substance abuse in primary care. An early diagnosis and a brief behavioural change counselling are effective in managing substance abuse before it develops into dependency. A brief motivational communication rather than a confrontation during substance abuse screening, counselling and treatment is important to achieve optimum patient outcomes. Keywords: substance abuse; primary healthcare setting; screening tools; brief behavioural change counselling; co-morbidity
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Kaswa, Ramprakash
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Substance abuse Diseases Primary health care Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7259 , vital:53104 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.4102/safp.v63i1.5307"
- Description: Substance abuse is common amongst patients attending primary healthcare settings. Despite the substantial impact on one’s health, substance abuse is often underdiagnosed by primary care providers owing to a lack of training and time for screening. Self-reported screening tools are easy to administer and efficient to make a substance abuse diagnosis in primary care settings. Comorbid mental illness and intimate partner violence are common amongst patients presenting with substance abuse in primary care. An early diagnosis and a brief behavioural change counselling are effective in managing substance abuse before it develops into dependency. A brief motivational communication rather than a confrontation during substance abuse screening, counselling and treatment is important to achieve optimum patient outcomes. Keywords: substance abuse; primary healthcare setting; screening tools; brief behavioural change counselling; co-morbidity
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Prioritisation of targets for weed biological control I: a review of existing prioritisation schemes and development of a system for South Africa
- Downey, Paul O, Paterson, Iain D, Canavan, Kim N, Hill, Martin P
- Authors: Downey, Paul O , Paterson, Iain D , Canavan, Kim N , Hill, Martin P
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/417763 , vital:71484 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2021.1918636"
- Description: Biological control is widely utilised for the management of invasive alien plants (IAP). With the ever-increasing number of IAPs, it is important to prioritise targets for biocontrol in order to maximise the use of resources and the chances of success. This paper reviewed 12 previous systems developed to prioritise plant targets for biocontrol. The review underpins the selection of attributes and methodologies for the prioritisation of targets for biocontrol in South Africa. All of the previous systems are purpose-built and context-specific, so a new system is required for the South African setting. Previous prioritisation systems were assessed based on the attributes and methodology adopted. The attributes of previous systems were grouped into three sections, being (1) impact/importance of the target plant, (2) likelihood of achieving success, and (3) investment required. Nineteen attributes from previous systems are included in the new system, while nine were excluded due to a requirement for legislation and/or research, or because they conflicted with objectives of the new system in some way. Two methodological approaches were identified for how systems sourced information, either sourcing information through expert knowledge or the use of available literature and data. This information was then applied through either a quantitative or qualitative scoring method. A quantitative scoring method, with information sourced from available resources, was selected as the most appropriate methodology in the context of the new system for South Africa. This review streamlined the development and testing of the South African Biological Control Target Selection system.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Downey, Paul O , Paterson, Iain D , Canavan, Kim N , Hill, Martin P
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/417763 , vital:71484 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2021.1918636"
- Description: Biological control is widely utilised for the management of invasive alien plants (IAP). With the ever-increasing number of IAPs, it is important to prioritise targets for biocontrol in order to maximise the use of resources and the chances of success. This paper reviewed 12 previous systems developed to prioritise plant targets for biocontrol. The review underpins the selection of attributes and methodologies for the prioritisation of targets for biocontrol in South Africa. All of the previous systems are purpose-built and context-specific, so a new system is required for the South African setting. Previous prioritisation systems were assessed based on the attributes and methodology adopted. The attributes of previous systems were grouped into three sections, being (1) impact/importance of the target plant, (2) likelihood of achieving success, and (3) investment required. Nineteen attributes from previous systems are included in the new system, while nine were excluded due to a requirement for legislation and/or research, or because they conflicted with objectives of the new system in some way. Two methodological approaches were identified for how systems sourced information, either sourcing information through expert knowledge or the use of available literature and data. This information was then applied through either a quantitative or qualitative scoring method. A quantitative scoring method, with information sourced from available resources, was selected as the most appropriate methodology in the context of the new system for South Africa. This review streamlined the development and testing of the South African Biological Control Target Selection system.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021