Synthesis and photophysical behavior of axially substituted phthalocyanine, tetrabenzotriazaporphyrin, and triazatetrabenzcorrole phosphorous complexes
- Antunes, Edith M, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Antunes, Edith M , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/264518 , vital:53741 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S1088424609000048"
- Description: The synthesis of phosphorous phthalocyanines, triazatetrabenzcorroles, and tetrabenzotriazaporphyrins with a variety of axial ligands is reported. The new complexes are: phosphorous dihydroxy tetrabenzotriazaporphyrin (5, PV(OH)2TBTAP), diphenyl phosphorous phthalocyanine (6, [PV(Ph)2Pc](OH)), diphenyl phosphorous triazatetrabenzcorrole (7, PV(Ph)2TBC), and dioctyl phosphorous triazatetrabenzcorrole (8, PV(C8H17)2TBC). The complexes are not aggregated in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and pyridine. Upon axial coordination of a phenyl or octyl group, the complexes are soluble (and not aggregated) in dichloromethane (DCM) and tetrahydrofuran (THF). The triplet lifetimes range from 395 to 546 μs (for complexes 5 to 8), with the P(Ph)2TBC (7) complex showing the longest triplet lifetime (546 μs), while the smallest triplet quantum yield (ΦT = 0.27) was obtained for the [P(Ph)2Pc](OH) (6) complex. [P(OH)2Pc](OH) (3) showed the shortest triplet lifetime (113 μs) and the largest triplet quantum yield (ΦT = 0.52).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Antunes, Edith M , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/264518 , vital:53741 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S1088424609000048"
- Description: The synthesis of phosphorous phthalocyanines, triazatetrabenzcorroles, and tetrabenzotriazaporphyrins with a variety of axial ligands is reported. The new complexes are: phosphorous dihydroxy tetrabenzotriazaporphyrin (5, PV(OH)2TBTAP), diphenyl phosphorous phthalocyanine (6, [PV(Ph)2Pc](OH)), diphenyl phosphorous triazatetrabenzcorrole (7, PV(Ph)2TBC), and dioctyl phosphorous triazatetrabenzcorrole (8, PV(C8H17)2TBC). The complexes are not aggregated in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and pyridine. Upon axial coordination of a phenyl or octyl group, the complexes are soluble (and not aggregated) in dichloromethane (DCM) and tetrahydrofuran (THF). The triplet lifetimes range from 395 to 546 μs (for complexes 5 to 8), with the P(Ph)2TBC (7) complex showing the longest triplet lifetime (546 μs), while the smallest triplet quantum yield (ΦT = 0.27) was obtained for the [P(Ph)2Pc](OH) (6) complex. [P(OH)2Pc](OH) (3) showed the shortest triplet lifetime (113 μs) and the largest triplet quantum yield (ΦT = 0.52).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Synthesis and photophysical properties of antimony and lead phthalocyanines
- Modibane, Kwena Desmond, Guest
- Authors: Modibane, Kwena Desmond , Guest
- Date: 2009 , 2009-02-27
- Subjects: Phthalocyanines , Photochemistry , Antimony compounds , Lead compounds
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4370 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005035 , Phthalocyanines , Photochemistry , Antimony compounds , Lead compounds
- Description: This work hereby presents the synthesis, spectroscopic and photophysical properties of newly synthesized lead (PbPc) and antimony (SbPc) phthalocyanines. The complexes are either unsubstituted or substituted at the peripheral and non-peripheral positions with phenoxy, 4-t-butylphenoxy and 4-benzyloxyphenoxy groups. The photophysical properties of these complexes were studied in dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide, toluene, tetrahydrofuran and chloroform as solvents. The fluorescence spectra for PbPc complexes were different to that of the excitation spectra due to demetallation upon excitation. On the other hand, the excitation spectra of oxidized antimony (Sb(V)Pc) derivatives were found to be similar to absorption spectra. High triplet quantum yields for PbPc and SbPc complexes ranging from 0.70 to 0.86, low triplet lifetimes (20–60 μs in DMSO, while they were <10 μs in the rest of the solvents) and low fluorescence quantum yields were observed and is attributed to the presence of heavy atoms (Pb and Sb ions). The nonlinear optical properties of PbPc complexes were studied in dimethylsulfoxide. The optical limiting threshold intensity (Ilim) for the PbPc derivatives were calculated and ranged from 2.1 to 6.8 W/cm2. The photodegradation studies of the PbPc and SbPc complexes synthesized showed that then are stable.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Modibane, Kwena Desmond , Guest
- Date: 2009 , 2009-02-27
- Subjects: Phthalocyanines , Photochemistry , Antimony compounds , Lead compounds
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4370 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005035 , Phthalocyanines , Photochemistry , Antimony compounds , Lead compounds
- Description: This work hereby presents the synthesis, spectroscopic and photophysical properties of newly synthesized lead (PbPc) and antimony (SbPc) phthalocyanines. The complexes are either unsubstituted or substituted at the peripheral and non-peripheral positions with phenoxy, 4-t-butylphenoxy and 4-benzyloxyphenoxy groups. The photophysical properties of these complexes were studied in dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide, toluene, tetrahydrofuran and chloroform as solvents. The fluorescence spectra for PbPc complexes were different to that of the excitation spectra due to demetallation upon excitation. On the other hand, the excitation spectra of oxidized antimony (Sb(V)Pc) derivatives were found to be similar to absorption spectra. High triplet quantum yields for PbPc and SbPc complexes ranging from 0.70 to 0.86, low triplet lifetimes (20–60 μs in DMSO, while they were <10 μs in the rest of the solvents) and low fluorescence quantum yields were observed and is attributed to the presence of heavy atoms (Pb and Sb ions). The nonlinear optical properties of PbPc complexes were studied in dimethylsulfoxide. The optical limiting threshold intensity (Ilim) for the PbPc derivatives were calculated and ranged from 2.1 to 6.8 W/cm2. The photodegradation studies of the PbPc and SbPc complexes synthesized showed that then are stable.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymer for selective solid-phase extraction of Salbutamol from urine samples
- Mohammadi, Ali, Alizadeh, Taher, Dinarvand, Rassoul, Ganjali, Mohammed M, Walker, Roderick B
- Authors: Mohammadi, Ali , Alizadeh, Taher , Dinarvand, Rassoul , Ganjali, Mohammed M , Walker, Roderick B
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6410 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006496
- Description: A highly selective methacrylic based molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized and applied for the separation and the pre-concentration of salbutamol in urine samples. Spectrophotometric determination of salbutamol was achieved using 2,6-dichloroquinone chlorimide as colorimetric reagent. The detection limit of the method was ca. 13 ng/mL in urine after pre-concentration of the samples by MIP-SPE andanalysis with an optimized and sensitive spectrophotometric method. The linear dynamic range for salbutamol determination in urine was 0.04-0.75 μg mL-1. The recovery for the affinity based solid-phase extraction (SPE) with the MIP was more than 96 %.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Mohammadi, Ali , Alizadeh, Taher , Dinarvand, Rassoul , Ganjali, Mohammed M , Walker, Roderick B
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6410 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006496
- Description: A highly selective methacrylic based molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized and applied for the separation and the pre-concentration of salbutamol in urine samples. Spectrophotometric determination of salbutamol was achieved using 2,6-dichloroquinone chlorimide as colorimetric reagent. The detection limit of the method was ca. 13 ng/mL in urine after pre-concentration of the samples by MIP-SPE andanalysis with an optimized and sensitive spectrophotometric method. The linear dynamic range for salbutamol determination in urine was 0.04-0.75 μg mL-1. The recovery for the affinity based solid-phase extraction (SPE) with the MIP was more than 96 %.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Synthesis, photophysical and nonlinear optical properties of microwave synthesized 4-tetra and octa-substituted lead phthalocyanines
- Modibane, Desmond K, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Modibane, Desmond K , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/263452 , vital:53629 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2009.03.013"
- Description: This work presents the photophysical and nonlinear optical behaviour of newly synthesized complexes: 2,(3)-tetrakis(4-benzyloxyphenoxyphthalocyaninato) lead (5a) and 2,3-octakis(4-benzyloxyphenoxyphthalocyaninato) lead (6a). The nonlinear optical behaviour of complexes 5a and 6a are compared with those of 2,(3)-tetraphenoxyphthalocyaninato lead (5b), 2,(3)-tetrakis(4-t-butylphenoxyphthalocyaninato) lead (5c), 2,3-octaphenoxyphthalocyaninato lead (6b) and 2,3-octakis(4-t-butylphenoxyphthalocyaninato) lead (6c). The synthesis of 5a and 6a was performed using microwave irradiation. Photophysical properties were studied for these complexes in dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide, toluene, tetrahydrofuran and chloroform. The fluorescence spectra were different from excitation spectra due to demetallation upon excitation. High triplet quantum yields ranging from 0.80 to 0.86 (in DMSO, DMF and toluene) and low triplet lifetimes (20–50 μs in DMSO, and more than 10 μs in the rest of the solvents) were observed due to the presence of heavy atom. Nonlinear optical properties were studied in dimethylsulfoxide. The optical limiting threshold intensity (Ilim) for the PbPc derivatives were calculated and ranged from 2.1 to 6.6 W/cm2.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Modibane, Desmond K , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/263452 , vital:53629 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2009.03.013"
- Description: This work presents the photophysical and nonlinear optical behaviour of newly synthesized complexes: 2,(3)-tetrakis(4-benzyloxyphenoxyphthalocyaninato) lead (5a) and 2,3-octakis(4-benzyloxyphenoxyphthalocyaninato) lead (6a). The nonlinear optical behaviour of complexes 5a and 6a are compared with those of 2,(3)-tetraphenoxyphthalocyaninato lead (5b), 2,(3)-tetrakis(4-t-butylphenoxyphthalocyaninato) lead (5c), 2,3-octaphenoxyphthalocyaninato lead (6b) and 2,3-octakis(4-t-butylphenoxyphthalocyaninato) lead (6c). The synthesis of 5a and 6a was performed using microwave irradiation. Photophysical properties were studied for these complexes in dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide, toluene, tetrahydrofuran and chloroform. The fluorescence spectra were different from excitation spectra due to demetallation upon excitation. High triplet quantum yields ranging from 0.80 to 0.86 (in DMSO, DMF and toluene) and low triplet lifetimes (20–50 μs in DMSO, and more than 10 μs in the rest of the solvents) were observed due to the presence of heavy atom. Nonlinear optical properties were studied in dimethylsulfoxide. The optical limiting threshold intensity (Ilim) for the PbPc derivatives were calculated and ranged from 2.1 to 6.6 W/cm2.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Synthesis, photophysical and photochemical properties of novel soluble tetra [4-(thiophen-3yl)-phenoxy] phthalocyaninato zinc (II) and Ti (IV) O complexes
- Erdoğmuş, Ali, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Erdoğmuş, Ali , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/263318 , vital:53617 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2009.07.015"
- Description: The synthesis, photophysical and photochemical properties of zinc and oxo-titanium phthalocyanine derivatives 4-(tetra[4-(thiophen-3yl)-phenoxy]phthalocyaninato)zinc(II), (2); and 4-(tetra[4-(thiophen-3yl)-phenoxy]phthalocyaninato)oxo-titanium(IV), (3), are described for the first time. These peripherally substituted complexes (2 and 3) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR and electronic spectroscopy. The compounds (2 and 3) have good solubility in organic solvents such as CHCl3, DCM, DMSO, DMF, THF and toluene and are not aggregated within a wide concentration range. General trends are described for singlet oxygen, photodegradation, fluorescence quantum yields, triplet quantum yields and triplet life times of these complexes in DMSO, DMF and THF. Compound 2 has higher fluorescence quantum yields, triplet quantum yields and triplet life times than 3, however, the former has lower singlet oxygen quantum yields and photodegradation quantum yields than the latter.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Erdoğmuş, Ali , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/263318 , vital:53617 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2009.07.015"
- Description: The synthesis, photophysical and photochemical properties of zinc and oxo-titanium phthalocyanine derivatives 4-(tetra[4-(thiophen-3yl)-phenoxy]phthalocyaninato)zinc(II), (2); and 4-(tetra[4-(thiophen-3yl)-phenoxy]phthalocyaninato)oxo-titanium(IV), (3), are described for the first time. These peripherally substituted complexes (2 and 3) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR and electronic spectroscopy. The compounds (2 and 3) have good solubility in organic solvents such as CHCl3, DCM, DMSO, DMF, THF and toluene and are not aggregated within a wide concentration range. General trends are described for singlet oxygen, photodegradation, fluorescence quantum yields, triplet quantum yields and triplet life times of these complexes in DMSO, DMF and THF. Compound 2 has higher fluorescence quantum yields, triplet quantum yields and triplet life times than 3, however, the former has lower singlet oxygen quantum yields and photodegradation quantum yields than the latter.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Synthesis, photophysical and photochemical properties of octa-substituted antimony phthalocyanines
- Modibane, Desmond Kwena, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Modibane, Desmond Kwena , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/264226 , vital:53711 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2008.11.052"
- Description: This work reports on the synthesis and photophysicochemical parameters of unsubstituted [SbIIIPc]+I3- and octa-phenoxy ([SbIIIOPPc]+I3-) and -4-t-butylphenoxy ([SbIIIOTBPPc]+I3-) substituted antimony phthalocyanines. Photophysical and photochemical properties were studied for these complexes in dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide and toluene. The excitation spectra of oxidized antimony (Sb(V)Pc) derivates were similar to absorption spectra. Low fluorescence quantum yields, high triplet quantum yields and low triplet lifetimes were observed as the result of heavy atom (antimony ion).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Modibane, Desmond Kwena , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/264226 , vital:53711 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2008.11.052"
- Description: This work reports on the synthesis and photophysicochemical parameters of unsubstituted [SbIIIPc]+I3- and octa-phenoxy ([SbIIIOPPc]+I3-) and -4-t-butylphenoxy ([SbIIIOTBPPc]+I3-) substituted antimony phthalocyanines. Photophysical and photochemical properties were studied for these complexes in dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide and toluene. The excitation spectra of oxidized antimony (Sb(V)Pc) derivates were similar to absorption spectra. Low fluorescence quantum yields, high triplet quantum yields and low triplet lifetimes were observed as the result of heavy atom (antimony ion).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Synthesis, photophysical and photochemical studies of water soluble cationic zinc phthalocyanine derivatives
- Idowu, Mopelola, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Idowu, Mopelola , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/264245 , vital:53712 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2008.11.021"
- Description: Peripherally and non-peripherally 2-diethylaminoethanethiol tetra-substituted zinc phthalocyanine (5a and 6a) and their quaternized derivatives (5b and 6b) have been synthesized and characterized. The quaternized derivatives (5b and 6b) show excellent solubility in aqueous medium. The photophysical and photochemical properties of the 2-diethylaminoethanethiol appended zinc phthalocyanine in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) for the non-ionic (5a and 6a) and in both DMSO and aqueous medium (phosphate buffered saline solution PBS, pH 7.4) (in the presence and absence of cremophore EL (CEL)) for the quaternized (5b and 6b) derivatives were studied and compared with that of the peripherally octa-substituted derivatives (7a and 7b). The complexes have intense absorption in the visible/near-IR region though the quaternized forms (5b, 6b and 7b) were slightly blue shifted and highly aggregate in aqueous solution. The triplet state quantum yields (ΦT) and the triplet lifetimes (τT) were found to be higher in DMSO (ΦT values ranged from 0.57 to 0.75 while τT values ranged from 190 to 220 μs in DMSO for all complexes) compared to aqueous medium (ΦT values ranged from 0.15 to 0.17 while τT values ranged from 20 to 70 μs in pH 7.4 buffer). Addition of cremophore EL in aqueous solution resulted in induced disaggregation leading to increased ΦT and τT.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Idowu, Mopelola , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/264245 , vital:53712 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2008.11.021"
- Description: Peripherally and non-peripherally 2-diethylaminoethanethiol tetra-substituted zinc phthalocyanine (5a and 6a) and their quaternized derivatives (5b and 6b) have been synthesized and characterized. The quaternized derivatives (5b and 6b) show excellent solubility in aqueous medium. The photophysical and photochemical properties of the 2-diethylaminoethanethiol appended zinc phthalocyanine in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) for the non-ionic (5a and 6a) and in both DMSO and aqueous medium (phosphate buffered saline solution PBS, pH 7.4) (in the presence and absence of cremophore EL (CEL)) for the quaternized (5b and 6b) derivatives were studied and compared with that of the peripherally octa-substituted derivatives (7a and 7b). The complexes have intense absorption in the visible/near-IR region though the quaternized forms (5b, 6b and 7b) were slightly blue shifted and highly aggregate in aqueous solution. The triplet state quantum yields (ΦT) and the triplet lifetimes (τT) were found to be higher in DMSO (ΦT values ranged from 0.57 to 0.75 while τT values ranged from 190 to 220 μs in DMSO for all complexes) compared to aqueous medium (ΦT values ranged from 0.15 to 0.17 while τT values ranged from 20 to 70 μs in pH 7.4 buffer). Addition of cremophore EL in aqueous solution resulted in induced disaggregation leading to increased ΦT and τT.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Synthesis, photophysics and photochemistry of novel tetra (quinoxalinyl) phthalocyaninato zinc (II) complexes
- Erdoğmuş, Ali, Ogunsipe, Abimbola, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Erdoğmuş, Ali , Ogunsipe, Abimbola , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/263441 , vital:53628 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2009.04.007"
- Description: The syntheses and spectral, photophysical and photochemical properties of some zinc phthalocyanine derivatives – {2, (3)-tetra(quinoxalinyl)phthalocyaninato zinc(II), (β-ZnPc) and 1, (4)-tetra(quinoxalinyl)phthalocyaninato zinc(II), (α-ZnPc)} – are presented. The β-substituted complex is more fluorescent and exhibits lower tendencies to undergo intersystem crossing than its α-substituted counterpart, as judged by the former's higher fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) and lower triplet quantum yield (ΦT) than the latter's in three solvents (DMSO, DMF and toluene). Singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ) values show the same trends as ΦT values. The differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of α-ZnPc and β-ZnPc are partly attributed to greater molecular distortions in the former. Studies of the interaction of the triplet states of α-ZnPc and β-ZnPc with triplet oxygen showed that α-ZnPc is more vulnerable to oxygen quenching than β-ZnPc. Also, the smallest quenching rate constants were observed in DMSO, which is attributed to the higher viscosity of DMSO than DMF and toluene.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Erdoğmuş, Ali , Ogunsipe, Abimbola , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/263441 , vital:53628 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2009.04.007"
- Description: The syntheses and spectral, photophysical and photochemical properties of some zinc phthalocyanine derivatives – {2, (3)-tetra(quinoxalinyl)phthalocyaninato zinc(II), (β-ZnPc) and 1, (4)-tetra(quinoxalinyl)phthalocyaninato zinc(II), (α-ZnPc)} – are presented. The β-substituted complex is more fluorescent and exhibits lower tendencies to undergo intersystem crossing than its α-substituted counterpart, as judged by the former's higher fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) and lower triplet quantum yield (ΦT) than the latter's in three solvents (DMSO, DMF and toluene). Singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ) values show the same trends as ΦT values. The differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of α-ZnPc and β-ZnPc are partly attributed to greater molecular distortions in the former. Studies of the interaction of the triplet states of α-ZnPc and β-ZnPc with triplet oxygen showed that α-ZnPc is more vulnerable to oxygen quenching than β-ZnPc. Also, the smallest quenching rate constants were observed in DMSO, which is attributed to the higher viscosity of DMSO than DMF and toluene.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Synthesis, spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of manganese, nickel and iron octakis-(2-diethylaminoethanethiol)-phthalocyanine
- Adebayo, A I, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Adebayo, A I , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6563 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004122
- Description: The syntheses, spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of manganese (3), nickel (4) and iron (5) phthalocyanine complexes, octa-substituted at the peripheral positions with diethlyaminoethanethiol substituent, are reported. The electrochemistry of these complexes and the corresponding cobalt complex (6) are reported. Complex 3 showed two reversible reduction couples attributed to the MnIIIPc−2/MnIIPc−2 (E½ = −0.12 V versus Ag|AgCl) and MnIIPc−2/MnIIPc−3 (E½ = −0.82 V versus Ag|AgCl) species. Two ring-based reduction couples were also observed for complex 4. Two reduction couples, assigned to the FeIIPc−2/FeIPc−2 (E½ = −0.35 V versus Ag|AgCl) and FeIPc−2/FeIPc−3 (E½ = −0.96 V versus Ag|AgCl) species, and an oxidation couple, attributed to FeIIIPc−2/FeIIPc−2 (E½ = 0.26 V versus Ag|AgCl) species, were observed. For complex 6, two reductions and one oxidation were also observed with the potential range of 1.2 to −1.8 V versus Ag|AgCl Spectroelectrochemical studies were used to confirm some of the assigned processes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Adebayo, A I , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6563 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004122
- Description: The syntheses, spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of manganese (3), nickel (4) and iron (5) phthalocyanine complexes, octa-substituted at the peripheral positions with diethlyaminoethanethiol substituent, are reported. The electrochemistry of these complexes and the corresponding cobalt complex (6) are reported. Complex 3 showed two reversible reduction couples attributed to the MnIIIPc−2/MnIIPc−2 (E½ = −0.12 V versus Ag|AgCl) and MnIIPc−2/MnIIPc−3 (E½ = −0.82 V versus Ag|AgCl) species. Two ring-based reduction couples were also observed for complex 4. Two reduction couples, assigned to the FeIIPc−2/FeIPc−2 (E½ = −0.35 V versus Ag|AgCl) and FeIPc−2/FeIPc−3 (E½ = −0.96 V versus Ag|AgCl) species, and an oxidation couple, attributed to FeIIIPc−2/FeIIPc−2 (E½ = 0.26 V versus Ag|AgCl) species, were observed. For complex 6, two reductions and one oxidation were also observed with the potential range of 1.2 to −1.8 V versus Ag|AgCl Spectroelectrochemical studies were used to confirm some of the assigned processes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Taking education and training to higher levels
- Authors: Phiri, Aretha
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7203 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006400
- Description: Professor Tebello Nyokong of the Chemistry Department has won yet another prestigious award. She was voted "the most influential women in business and government" in the category of education and training, in an event sponsored by CEO Magazine.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Phiri, Aretha
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7203 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006400
- Description: Professor Tebello Nyokong of the Chemistry Department has won yet another prestigious award. She was voted "the most influential women in business and government" in the category of education and training, in an event sponsored by CEO Magazine.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Technologicalship in e-banking services: a constraint or contributor to relationship marketing in retail banking in East London, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Masocha, Reginald
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Bank management , Electronic funds transfers , Banks and banking -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Electronic data interchange , Electronic commerce
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Com (Business Management)
- Identifier: vital:11316 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/306 , Bank management , Electronic funds transfers , Banks and banking -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Electronic data interchange , Electronic commerce
- Description: Contemporarily, one of the major business demands is to extensively understand the impact of technology on the major business strategies and practices. Technologicalship marketing, a concept investigated in this study, emanates from a symbiosis of technology and relationship marketing. Per se, a prevalent area of debate pertains to whether technology promotes or constrains relationships. Outstandingly, this study pursued the technologicalship marketing concept, a new and vital 21st century suggestion in literature (Zineldin, 2000:16). Secondly, against the scarcity of empirical studies in mass marketing environments, the study at hand focused on retail banking client relationships. Lastly, the proposed meta-construct hypothetical model is an essential relationship marketing instrument. The proposed model consists of four major relationship marketing construct categories, namely, personal contact, customer retention, customer switching and relational exchange. At the hand of these constructs, the research primarily aimed to determine the impact of technology on client relationships in e-banking with the focus of closing the gap prevalent in literature on whether technology constraints or supports relationship marketing. The study focused on retail banking client relationships of the four major commercial banks in East London, Eastern Cape, South Africa. A survey was conducted of a sample of 200 clients selected using the convenience sampling method. The study hypothesised that technology is resulting in more transactional than relationship marketing in retail banking by constraining social constructions, customer retention and relational exchange, whilst, promoting customer switching mobility. Through the GLM regression analysis method, findings of the study established that technology was to a larger extent supporting relationship marketing. However, it is envisaged that technology is resulting in the disappearance of human contact which is a critical aspect of relationships. Conclusively, the researcher recommended that the only plausible strategy is to endeavour to integrate the human aspect at self-service podiums e.g. mounting of staff at ATM points, which most banks have been doing.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Masocha, Reginald
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Bank management , Electronic funds transfers , Banks and banking -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Electronic data interchange , Electronic commerce
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Com (Business Management)
- Identifier: vital:11316 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/306 , Bank management , Electronic funds transfers , Banks and banking -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Electronic data interchange , Electronic commerce
- Description: Contemporarily, one of the major business demands is to extensively understand the impact of technology on the major business strategies and practices. Technologicalship marketing, a concept investigated in this study, emanates from a symbiosis of technology and relationship marketing. Per se, a prevalent area of debate pertains to whether technology promotes or constrains relationships. Outstandingly, this study pursued the technologicalship marketing concept, a new and vital 21st century suggestion in literature (Zineldin, 2000:16). Secondly, against the scarcity of empirical studies in mass marketing environments, the study at hand focused on retail banking client relationships. Lastly, the proposed meta-construct hypothetical model is an essential relationship marketing instrument. The proposed model consists of four major relationship marketing construct categories, namely, personal contact, customer retention, customer switching and relational exchange. At the hand of these constructs, the research primarily aimed to determine the impact of technology on client relationships in e-banking with the focus of closing the gap prevalent in literature on whether technology constraints or supports relationship marketing. The study focused on retail banking client relationships of the four major commercial banks in East London, Eastern Cape, South Africa. A survey was conducted of a sample of 200 clients selected using the convenience sampling method. The study hypothesised that technology is resulting in more transactional than relationship marketing in retail banking by constraining social constructions, customer retention and relational exchange, whilst, promoting customer switching mobility. Through the GLM regression analysis method, findings of the study established that technology was to a larger extent supporting relationship marketing. However, it is envisaged that technology is resulting in the disappearance of human contact which is a critical aspect of relationships. Conclusively, the researcher recommended that the only plausible strategy is to endeavour to integrate the human aspect at self-service podiums e.g. mounting of staff at ATM points, which most banks have been doing.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
The ambivalent engagement with Christianity in the writing of nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Africans in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Nxasana, Thulani Litha
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Authors, African -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Authors, South African -- 19th century -- Criticism and interpretation Authors, South African -- 20th century -- Criticism and interpretation Soga, Tiyo, 1829-1871 -- Criticism and interpretation Mqhayi, S. E. K. -- Criticism and interpretation Mgqwetho, Nontsizi -- Criticism and interpretation South African literature -- 19th century -- History and criticism South African literature -- 20th century -- History and criticism Christianity and literature Ambivalence in literature
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2195 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002237
- Description: Until recently much of the literature recording the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in the Eastern Cape focused purely on frontier conflict and missionary activity, ignoring the evolving culture of the colonized people. But as Somande Fikeni declares, “[i]t is important when celebrating the country’s heritage to look beyond battle sites, monuments and wars and to pay attention to South Africa’s intellectuals and knowledge producers” (quoted in Hollands 4). This is indeed the central purpose of my research. This thesis seeks to examine the influence of Christianity on early South African writing by Africans and the ambivalence with which Christianity is often treated in their work. In South Africa, as elsewhere in Africa, Christianity played a central role in the development of African literature through the influence of mission schools and printing presses. Thus from the outset the development of written literature was inseparable from the spread of Christianity. Nineteenth- and early twentieth-century writing by Africans reflects this: Christian idioms, biblical stories and images colour their work and yet are not employed unthinkingly. Each of the writers whom I will explore has a complex and at times ambivalent relationship with Christianity, and they use religious discourse for a variety of ends, some of them clearly at odds with their origins in the “civilizing mission” of Europe. According to Yunus Momoniat, “Their works . . . are the beginnings of an engagement not only with the world of words on a page, but also with the politics of literacy itself” (1). The subject of this research is three Xhosa writers from the Eastern Cape: the Reverend Tiyo Soga (1829-1871), the renowned novelist and “National Poet” S. E. K. Mqhayi (1875-1945), and the little-known poet Nontsizi Mgqwetho (Dates uknown, writings 1920-1929), who is described by Mbeki as “the most prolific woman Xhosa poet of the twentieth century” (6). The reason for focusing on the Eastern Cape is because the Xhosa “were the first Bantu people to be exposed to Christian proselytising and to receive a literate education” (Gerard 24). As a result much of the early literature in isiXhosa consisted of translations of the Bible and other Christian tracts, and such “improving” texts as Pilgrim’s Progress. In other words, it is in this work that the first roots of the influence of Christianity in southern Africa can be traced.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Nxasana, Thulani Litha
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Authors, African -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Authors, South African -- 19th century -- Criticism and interpretation Authors, South African -- 20th century -- Criticism and interpretation Soga, Tiyo, 1829-1871 -- Criticism and interpretation Mqhayi, S. E. K. -- Criticism and interpretation Mgqwetho, Nontsizi -- Criticism and interpretation South African literature -- 19th century -- History and criticism South African literature -- 20th century -- History and criticism Christianity and literature Ambivalence in literature
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2195 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002237
- Description: Until recently much of the literature recording the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in the Eastern Cape focused purely on frontier conflict and missionary activity, ignoring the evolving culture of the colonized people. But as Somande Fikeni declares, “[i]t is important when celebrating the country’s heritage to look beyond battle sites, monuments and wars and to pay attention to South Africa’s intellectuals and knowledge producers” (quoted in Hollands 4). This is indeed the central purpose of my research. This thesis seeks to examine the influence of Christianity on early South African writing by Africans and the ambivalence with which Christianity is often treated in their work. In South Africa, as elsewhere in Africa, Christianity played a central role in the development of African literature through the influence of mission schools and printing presses. Thus from the outset the development of written literature was inseparable from the spread of Christianity. Nineteenth- and early twentieth-century writing by Africans reflects this: Christian idioms, biblical stories and images colour their work and yet are not employed unthinkingly. Each of the writers whom I will explore has a complex and at times ambivalent relationship with Christianity, and they use religious discourse for a variety of ends, some of them clearly at odds with their origins in the “civilizing mission” of Europe. According to Yunus Momoniat, “Their works . . . are the beginnings of an engagement not only with the world of words on a page, but also with the politics of literacy itself” (1). The subject of this research is three Xhosa writers from the Eastern Cape: the Reverend Tiyo Soga (1829-1871), the renowned novelist and “National Poet” S. E. K. Mqhayi (1875-1945), and the little-known poet Nontsizi Mgqwetho (Dates uknown, writings 1920-1929), who is described by Mbeki as “the most prolific woman Xhosa poet of the twentieth century” (6). The reason for focusing on the Eastern Cape is because the Xhosa “were the first Bantu people to be exposed to Christian proselytising and to receive a literate education” (Gerard 24). As a result much of the early literature in isiXhosa consisted of translations of the Bible and other Christian tracts, and such “improving” texts as Pilgrim’s Progress. In other words, it is in this work that the first roots of the influence of Christianity in southern Africa can be traced.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
The art of addiction : a phenomenological study of the lived experiences of cocaine dependents
- Authors: Plumb, Sarah
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Cocaine abuse , Cocaine -- Social aspects , Drugs -- Physiological effect
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9912 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/902 , Cocaine abuse , Cocaine -- Social aspects , Drugs -- Physiological effect
- Description: Addiction is a complex social phenomenon resulting from psychological and physiological dependence. The aim of the study was to create a clinical impression of the lived experiences of cocaine dependents. A transcendental phenomenological approach was used to elicit the essence of addiction as experienced by the participants. Theoretical sampling ensured relevant participants were selected through haphazard sampling procedures. Data was collected through the use of biographical questionnaires and individual, semi-structured interviews with three cocaine dependents. Data was processed according to the four phenomenological principles epoche, phenomenological reduction, imaginative variation and synthesis using Tesch’s eight steps. The essence of cocaine dependency is contained in the psychological experiences of the drug which define and perpetuate that addiction. The psychological addiction develops prior to physical dependence resulting in an entrenched addiction before treatment is sought by the cocaine dependents.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Plumb, Sarah
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Cocaine abuse , Cocaine -- Social aspects , Drugs -- Physiological effect
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9912 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/902 , Cocaine abuse , Cocaine -- Social aspects , Drugs -- Physiological effect
- Description: Addiction is a complex social phenomenon resulting from psychological and physiological dependence. The aim of the study was to create a clinical impression of the lived experiences of cocaine dependents. A transcendental phenomenological approach was used to elicit the essence of addiction as experienced by the participants. Theoretical sampling ensured relevant participants were selected through haphazard sampling procedures. Data was collected through the use of biographical questionnaires and individual, semi-structured interviews with three cocaine dependents. Data was processed according to the four phenomenological principles epoche, phenomenological reduction, imaginative variation and synthesis using Tesch’s eight steps. The essence of cocaine dependency is contained in the psychological experiences of the drug which define and perpetuate that addiction. The psychological addiction develops prior to physical dependence resulting in an entrenched addiction before treatment is sought by the cocaine dependents.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
The ataxia protein sacsin is a functional co-chaperone that protects against polyglutamine-expanded ataxin-1
- Parfitt, David A, Michael, Gregory J, Vermeulen, Esmeralda G M, Prodromou, Natalia V, Webb, Tom R, Gallo, Jean-Marc, Cheetham, Michael E, Nicoll, William S, Blatch, Gregory L, Chapple, J Paul
- Authors: Parfitt, David A , Michael, Gregory J , Vermeulen, Esmeralda G M , Prodromou, Natalia V , Webb, Tom R , Gallo, Jean-Marc , Cheetham, Michael E , Nicoll, William S , Blatch, Gregory L , Chapple, J Paul
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6485 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006262 , http://hmg.oxfordjournals.org/content/18/9/1556
- Description: An extensive protein–protein interaction network has been identified between proteins implicated in inherited ataxias. The protein sacsin, which is mutated in the early-onset neurodegenerative disease autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay, is a node in this interactome. Here, we have established the neuronal expression of sacsin and functionally characterized domains of the 4579 amino acid protein. Sacsin is most highly expressed in large neurons, particularly within brain motor systems, including cerebellar Purkinje cells. Its subcellular localization in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells was predominantly cytoplasmic with a mitochondrial component. We identified a putative ubiquitin-like (UbL) domain at the N-terminus of sacsin and demonstrated an interaction with the proteasome. Furthermore, sacsin contains a predicted J-domain, the defining feature of DnaJ/Hsp40 proteins. Using a bacterial complementation assay, the sacsin J-domain was demonstrated to be functional. The presence of both UbL and J-domains in sacsin suggests that it may integrate the ubiquitin–proteasome system and Hsp70 function to a specific cellular role. The Hsp70 chaperone machinery is an important component of the cellular response towards aggregation prone mutant proteins that are associated with neurodegenerative diseases. We therefore investigated the effects of siRNA-mediated sacsin knockdown on polyglutamine-expanded ataxin-1. Importantly, SACS siRNA did not affect cell viability with GFP-ataxin-1[30Q], but enhanced the toxicity of GFP-ataxin- 1[82Q], suggesting that sacsin is protective against mutant ataxin-1. Thus, sacsin is an ataxia protein and a regulator of the Hsp70 chaperone machinery that is implicated in the processing of other ataxialinked proteins.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Parfitt, David A , Michael, Gregory J , Vermeulen, Esmeralda G M , Prodromou, Natalia V , Webb, Tom R , Gallo, Jean-Marc , Cheetham, Michael E , Nicoll, William S , Blatch, Gregory L , Chapple, J Paul
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6485 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006262 , http://hmg.oxfordjournals.org/content/18/9/1556
- Description: An extensive protein–protein interaction network has been identified between proteins implicated in inherited ataxias. The protein sacsin, which is mutated in the early-onset neurodegenerative disease autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay, is a node in this interactome. Here, we have established the neuronal expression of sacsin and functionally characterized domains of the 4579 amino acid protein. Sacsin is most highly expressed in large neurons, particularly within brain motor systems, including cerebellar Purkinje cells. Its subcellular localization in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells was predominantly cytoplasmic with a mitochondrial component. We identified a putative ubiquitin-like (UbL) domain at the N-terminus of sacsin and demonstrated an interaction with the proteasome. Furthermore, sacsin contains a predicted J-domain, the defining feature of DnaJ/Hsp40 proteins. Using a bacterial complementation assay, the sacsin J-domain was demonstrated to be functional. The presence of both UbL and J-domains in sacsin suggests that it may integrate the ubiquitin–proteasome system and Hsp70 function to a specific cellular role. The Hsp70 chaperone machinery is an important component of the cellular response towards aggregation prone mutant proteins that are associated with neurodegenerative diseases. We therefore investigated the effects of siRNA-mediated sacsin knockdown on polyglutamine-expanded ataxin-1. Importantly, SACS siRNA did not affect cell viability with GFP-ataxin-1[30Q], but enhanced the toxicity of GFP-ataxin- 1[82Q], suggesting that sacsin is protective against mutant ataxin-1. Thus, sacsin is an ataxia protein and a regulator of the Hsp70 chaperone machinery that is implicated in the processing of other ataxialinked proteins.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
The attitudes and perceptions of students at a South African university towards binge drinking
- Authors: Mokgethi, Lerato
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: College students -- Alcohol use -- South Africa , Alcoholism -- Treatment -- South Africa , Drug abuse -- Treatment -- South Africa , Binge drinking
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9858 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1560 , College students -- Alcohol use -- South Africa , Alcoholism -- Treatment -- South Africa , Drug abuse -- Treatment -- South Africa , Binge drinking
- Description: The focus of this treatise is to explore the attitudes and perceptions of university students towards binge drinking at a South African University. Binge drinking among university students is a serious concern, prevalent on many campuses and ingrained on university campuses worldwide. The aims of this study were (a) to describe students’ understanding of binge drinking, (b) to explore and describe university students’ attitudes towards and perceptions of binge drinking, and (c) to explore the contextual factors relating to binge drinking within a university setting. An exploratory, qualitative approach was utilized. The collection of data was initiated using a biographical questionnaire to identify participants relevant to the study. The data collection process continued with semi‐structured focus group interviews. Data was collected by conducting four focus group sessions with two separate groups of students between the ages of 18 and 25 and residing on a university campus. Data analysis was conducted in accordance with the principles and guidelines of Tesch’s (as cited in Creswell, 1994) eight steps in qualitative data analysis. The results of this study indicate the following: there is lack of knowledge and understanding of binge drinking, students have positive perceptions of binge drinking and there is a perception that the university environment promotes binge drinking. In order to address binge drinking, strategies need to be implemented in the student, family, university and community context.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Mokgethi, Lerato
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: College students -- Alcohol use -- South Africa , Alcoholism -- Treatment -- South Africa , Drug abuse -- Treatment -- South Africa , Binge drinking
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9858 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1560 , College students -- Alcohol use -- South Africa , Alcoholism -- Treatment -- South Africa , Drug abuse -- Treatment -- South Africa , Binge drinking
- Description: The focus of this treatise is to explore the attitudes and perceptions of university students towards binge drinking at a South African University. Binge drinking among university students is a serious concern, prevalent on many campuses and ingrained on university campuses worldwide. The aims of this study were (a) to describe students’ understanding of binge drinking, (b) to explore and describe university students’ attitudes towards and perceptions of binge drinking, and (c) to explore the contextual factors relating to binge drinking within a university setting. An exploratory, qualitative approach was utilized. The collection of data was initiated using a biographical questionnaire to identify participants relevant to the study. The data collection process continued with semi‐structured focus group interviews. Data was collected by conducting four focus group sessions with two separate groups of students between the ages of 18 and 25 and residing on a university campus. Data analysis was conducted in accordance with the principles and guidelines of Tesch’s (as cited in Creswell, 1994) eight steps in qualitative data analysis. The results of this study indicate the following: there is lack of knowledge and understanding of binge drinking, students have positive perceptions of binge drinking and there is a perception that the university environment promotes binge drinking. In order to address binge drinking, strategies need to be implemented in the student, family, university and community context.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
The binding roots of free speech
- Authors: Boughey, Thomas John George
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Freedom of speech
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2849 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006255
- Description: This thesis argues that the modern notion of free-speech was born within the Westphalian nation-state. It suggests that the legal rights framework - particular to the Westphalian nationstate - not only legitimizes and legalizes the right to free-speech, but also enables us to invoke legally the necessary limitations that demand the limitation of free-speech in certain contexts. However, such a legal-rights framework is exclusive to the nation-state and cannot be enforced on an international level, outside of the nation-state boundary. With reference to examples on an international level, this thesis demonstrates that calls for the limitation of free-speech are indeed legitimate and necessary but cannot be enforced on an international level for the reasons just mentioned. In order to address this problem, this thesis proposes a framework - based on a Kantian model - that enables us to invoke the limitation of free-speech on an international level without appealing to a legal-rights discourse to do so.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Boughey, Thomas John George
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Freedom of speech
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2849 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006255
- Description: This thesis argues that the modern notion of free-speech was born within the Westphalian nation-state. It suggests that the legal rights framework - particular to the Westphalian nationstate - not only legitimizes and legalizes the right to free-speech, but also enables us to invoke legally the necessary limitations that demand the limitation of free-speech in certain contexts. However, such a legal-rights framework is exclusive to the nation-state and cannot be enforced on an international level, outside of the nation-state boundary. With reference to examples on an international level, this thesis demonstrates that calls for the limitation of free-speech are indeed legitimate and necessary but cannot be enforced on an international level for the reasons just mentioned. In order to address this problem, this thesis proposes a framework - based on a Kantian model - that enables us to invoke the limitation of free-speech on an international level without appealing to a legal-rights discourse to do so.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
The both-and edition:
- Authors: Garman, Anthea
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/158817 , vital:40231 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC139955
- Description: I was driving down the N2 from Cape Town towards the airport recently and scanning the turn-offs for Vanguard Drive, when suddenly I noticed among the shacks that line the road some really interesting buildings. These were not the pale pink matchboxes that periodically spring up in rows alongside the derelict housing that millions of South Africans call home. They were multi-levelled, had large windows and looked like an architect might have had something to do with them. I was heartened at the sight of housing – at last – with humanity in mind. But as I reread the 2010 pieces in this edition, I’m reminded by Jane Duncan in particular (“Whose World Cup?” page 23) that prettifying the ghastly spaces in our world cup cities that will be visible to those international tourists is high on the agenda for our government. But then, I reason, at least someone will benefit from living along the noisy and congested airport route!.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Garman, Anthea
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/158817 , vital:40231 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC139955
- Description: I was driving down the N2 from Cape Town towards the airport recently and scanning the turn-offs for Vanguard Drive, when suddenly I noticed among the shacks that line the road some really interesting buildings. These were not the pale pink matchboxes that periodically spring up in rows alongside the derelict housing that millions of South Africans call home. They were multi-levelled, had large windows and looked like an architect might have had something to do with them. I was heartened at the sight of housing – at last – with humanity in mind. But as I reread the 2010 pieces in this edition, I’m reminded by Jane Duncan in particular (“Whose World Cup?” page 23) that prettifying the ghastly spaces in our world cup cities that will be visible to those international tourists is high on the agenda for our government. But then, I reason, at least someone will benefit from living along the noisy and congested airport route!.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
The capacity of emerging civil engineering construction contractors
- Ramokolo, Bruce Sabelo Mpumelelo
- Authors: Ramokolo, Bruce Sabelo Mpumelelo
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Civil engineering -- Contracts -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Construction industry -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- Management , Construction contracts -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:9693 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/873 , Civil engineering -- Contracts -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Construction industry -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- Management , Construction contracts -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Description: Construction management competencies are essential to realise sound practices among and to realise optimum performance by, inter alia, emerging civil engineering contractors. Such competencies enable a clear focus on the business of construction and the management of projects, with increased efficiency and reduced costs as a benefit. The objective of the MSc (Built Environment) treatise study were to determine the current practices and performance of emerging civil engineering construction contractors operating in the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropole. The descriptive method was adopted in the empirical study. The salient findings of the study are: most of the emerging civil engineering construction contracting organisations lack construction management competencies; construction resources are inappropriately managed leading to construction failures; most of the emerging civil engineering construction contracting organisations lack adequate supervision resulting to poor workmanship; there is a shortage of skilled labour amongst emerging civil engineering construction contractors; procurement processes are inappropriate leading to under capacitated emerging civil engineering construction contracting organisations being awarded contracts; most emerging civil engineering construction contracting organisations lack the requisite aptitude for construction; there is a lack of capacity at all management levels of emerging civil engineering construction organisations in managing the business of construction and that of projects; the nine functions of organisations are not comprehensively represented, and self-ratings indicate inadequacy relative to the management function of control, and relative to certain activities of the organising function. Conclusions include that emerging civil engineering construction contracting organisations need to be comprised of technical teams that possess adequate competencies and that use the construction technology to its full use enabling their organisations to stay abreast of their competitors. Recommendations that can contribute towards improving the status quo include: formal civil engineering and construction management education, resources must be present and training should be promoted throughout the industry at all levels of management to ensure proper supervision and correct use of adequately trained labour, skilled or semi-skilled, incapacitated emerging civil engineering construction contractors should be awarded contracts through appropriately and structured procurement procedures, adequate aptitude in construction should be promoted and enhanced in order to realise conceptualisation and visualisation capabilities, comply with legislation, maintain records and communicate using state of the art technology, optimally manage the finances, have the requisite resources and undertake the work efficiently, interact with the respective publics, and market the organisation to ensure sustainability thereof.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Ramokolo, Bruce Sabelo Mpumelelo
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Civil engineering -- Contracts -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Construction industry -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- Management , Construction contracts -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:9693 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/873 , Civil engineering -- Contracts -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Construction industry -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- Management , Construction contracts -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Description: Construction management competencies are essential to realise sound practices among and to realise optimum performance by, inter alia, emerging civil engineering contractors. Such competencies enable a clear focus on the business of construction and the management of projects, with increased efficiency and reduced costs as a benefit. The objective of the MSc (Built Environment) treatise study were to determine the current practices and performance of emerging civil engineering construction contractors operating in the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropole. The descriptive method was adopted in the empirical study. The salient findings of the study are: most of the emerging civil engineering construction contracting organisations lack construction management competencies; construction resources are inappropriately managed leading to construction failures; most of the emerging civil engineering construction contracting organisations lack adequate supervision resulting to poor workmanship; there is a shortage of skilled labour amongst emerging civil engineering construction contractors; procurement processes are inappropriate leading to under capacitated emerging civil engineering construction contracting organisations being awarded contracts; most emerging civil engineering construction contracting organisations lack the requisite aptitude for construction; there is a lack of capacity at all management levels of emerging civil engineering construction organisations in managing the business of construction and that of projects; the nine functions of organisations are not comprehensively represented, and self-ratings indicate inadequacy relative to the management function of control, and relative to certain activities of the organising function. Conclusions include that emerging civil engineering construction contracting organisations need to be comprised of technical teams that possess adequate competencies and that use the construction technology to its full use enabling their organisations to stay abreast of their competitors. Recommendations that can contribute towards improving the status quo include: formal civil engineering and construction management education, resources must be present and training should be promoted throughout the industry at all levels of management to ensure proper supervision and correct use of adequately trained labour, skilled or semi-skilled, incapacitated emerging civil engineering construction contractors should be awarded contracts through appropriately and structured procurement procedures, adequate aptitude in construction should be promoted and enhanced in order to realise conceptualisation and visualisation capabilities, comply with legislation, maintain records and communicate using state of the art technology, optimally manage the finances, have the requisite resources and undertake the work efficiently, interact with the respective publics, and market the organisation to ensure sustainability thereof.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
The challenges of education and development in twenty-first century South Africa
- Authors: Badat, Saleem
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: Conference paper , text
- Identifier: vital:7121 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006569
- Description: From the introduction: I have chosen to address the theme of The Challenges of Education and Development in the Twenty First Century. This is not only an extremely important theme but also one that is both complex and broad and can be approached in many different ways. With respect to complexity, the concepts of education and development, like the concepts of freedom and democracy, are defined in various ways and have a variety of meanings associated with them. Moreover, notions of education and development are not neutral in that they are embedded in different views of the world and society, including views on what constitutes a just and good society. Further, the choices, policies, actions and practices that are associated with particular conceptions of education and development are not benign in that they have real and differential effects on different social classes and groups in society. , Keynote Address at the 15th Annual Conference of the Headmasters of the Traditional State Boy’s Schools of South Africa’ Queens College, Queenstown, 26 August 2009.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Badat, Saleem
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: Conference paper , text
- Identifier: vital:7121 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006569
- Description: From the introduction: I have chosen to address the theme of The Challenges of Education and Development in the Twenty First Century. This is not only an extremely important theme but also one that is both complex and broad and can be approached in many different ways. With respect to complexity, the concepts of education and development, like the concepts of freedom and democracy, are defined in various ways and have a variety of meanings associated with them. Moreover, notions of education and development are not neutral in that they are embedded in different views of the world and society, including views on what constitutes a just and good society. Further, the choices, policies, actions and practices that are associated with particular conceptions of education and development are not benign in that they have real and differential effects on different social classes and groups in society. , Keynote Address at the 15th Annual Conference of the Headmasters of the Traditional State Boy’s Schools of South Africa’ Queens College, Queenstown, 26 August 2009.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
The choice of idols from a social psychological perspective
- Authors: Lupke, Lynette M
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Identity (Psychology) , Idols and images , Social interaction
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc (Psych)
- Identifier: vital:11606 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/132 , Identity (Psychology) , Idols and images , Social interaction
- Description: The study of adolescents’ idols has an over 100-year tradition. The meta-analysis of Teigen, Normann, Bjorkheim and Helland (2000) showed that idols, which are commonly understood as role models, changed over the last century which is attributed to changes in the social context. The present paper argues that Social Identity Theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1979, 1986) offers an appropriate theoretical framework to conceptualize social context by hypothesising a functional relationship between idols and identity management strategies moderated by the status position of the adolescent’s group s/he belongs to. The hypothesised functional relationship was tested in two studies with white and black adolescent South Africans. The results of the two studies supported our assumptions that the functional relationship between idols and identity management strategies is indeed moderated by status position. The results also indicate that Social Identity Theory seems to be an appropriate theoretical framework when social context is particularly conceptualised as social change.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Lupke, Lynette M
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Identity (Psychology) , Idols and images , Social interaction
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc (Psych)
- Identifier: vital:11606 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/132 , Identity (Psychology) , Idols and images , Social interaction
- Description: The study of adolescents’ idols has an over 100-year tradition. The meta-analysis of Teigen, Normann, Bjorkheim and Helland (2000) showed that idols, which are commonly understood as role models, changed over the last century which is attributed to changes in the social context. The present paper argues that Social Identity Theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1979, 1986) offers an appropriate theoretical framework to conceptualize social context by hypothesising a functional relationship between idols and identity management strategies moderated by the status position of the adolescent’s group s/he belongs to. The hypothesised functional relationship was tested in two studies with white and black adolescent South Africans. The results of the two studies supported our assumptions that the functional relationship between idols and identity management strategies is indeed moderated by status position. The results also indicate that Social Identity Theory seems to be an appropriate theoretical framework when social context is particularly conceptualised as social change.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009