Hsp90α/β associates with the GSK3β/axin1/phospho-β-catenin complex in the human MCF-7 epithelial breast cancer model:
- Authors: Cooper, Leanne C , Prinsloo, Earl , Edkins, Adrienne L , Blatch, Gregory L
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/165096 , vital:41208 , DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.08.136
- Description: Hsp90α/β, the signal transduction chaperone, maintains intracellular communication in normal, stem, and cancer cells. The well characterised association of Hsp90α/β with its client kinases form the framework of multiple signalling networks. GSK3β, a known Hsp90α/β client, mediates β-catenin phosphorylation as part of a cytoplasmic destruction complex which targets phospho-β-catenin to the 26S proteasome. The canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway promotes stem cell self-renewal as well as oncogenesis. The degree of Hsp90α/β involvement in Wnt/β-catenin signalling needs clarification. Here, we describe the association of Hsp90α/β with GSK3β, β-catenin, phospho-β-catenin and the molecular scaffold, axin1, in the human MCF-7 epithelial breast cancer cell model using selective inhibition of Hsp90α/β, confocal laser scanning microscopy and immunoprecipitation. Our findings suggest that Hsp90α/β modulates the phosphorylation of β-catenin by interaction in common complex with GSK3β/axin1/β-catenin.
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Human DNAJ in cancer and stem cells:
- Authors: Sterrenberg, Jason N , Edkins, Adrienne L , Blatch, Gregory L
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/165118 , vital:41210 , DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.08.019
- Description: The heat shock protein 40 kDa (HSP40/DNAJ) co-chaperones constitute the largest and most diverse sub-group of the heat shock protein (HSP) family. DNAJ are widely accepted as regulators of HSP70 function, but also have roles as co-chaperones for the HSP90 chaperone machine, and a growing number of biological functions that may be independent of either of these chaperones. The DNAJ proteins are differentially expressed in human tissues and demonstrate the capacity to function to both promote and suppress cancer development by acting as chaperones for tumour suppressors or oncoproteins. We review the current literature on the function and expression of DNAJ in cancer, stem cells and cancer stem cells. Combining data from gene expression, proteomics and studies in other systems, we propose that DNAJ will be key regulators of cancer, stem cell and possibly cancer stem cell function. The diversity of DNAJ and their assorted roles in a range of biological functions means that selected DNAJ, provided there is limited redundancy and that a specific link to malignancy can be established, may yet provide an attractive target for specific and selective drug design for the development of anti-cancer treatments.
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I love laser : it's my guiding light
- Authors: Nolan, Cathy
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Nyokong, Tebello
- Language: English
- Type: Article , text
- Identifier: vital:7184 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006274 , http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0019/001906/190645e.pdf#190680 , Nyokong, Tebello
- Description: What is the common thread that could possibly link denim jeans, cancer and pesticides? None is evident. Yet when South African chemist Tebello Nyokong describes her fascinating research, the link that emerges is light. Nyokong, a specialist in nanochemistry, loves laser, and is using it in ways that could have a revolutionary impact on medicine and the environment.
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In service to the law: Alastair James Kerr SC
- Authors: Glover, Graham B
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70658 , vital:29686 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC53959
- Description: Professor Alastair James Kerr SC passed away at Settlers Hospital in Grahamstown on the 29th of September 2010. He was eighty-eight years of age. Ironically, his death occurred at the time that the third part of the 2010 SALJ appeared in print, containing a tribute to one of the other great writers on South African contract law, Professor Richard (Dick) Christie, who had passed away earlier in the year (see A J G Lang 'Professor Richard Hunter Christie: A memorial tribute' (2010) 127 SALJ 414). 2010 may have been a momentous year in South Africa for many reasons, but the deaths of these two men in the same year has left the landscape of our contract law irrevocably changed, even though their ideas will live on through their published works.
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In vitro toxicity testing of zinc tetrasulfophthalocyanines in fibroblast and keratinocyte cells for the treatment of melanoma cancer by photodynamic therapy
- Authors: Maduray, Kaminee , Karsten, Alta , Odhay, Bharti , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/247588 , vital:51597 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.01.020"
- Description: A series of water-soluble tetrasulfonated metallophthalocyanines (MPcs) dyes have been studied to be used as a drug or photosensitizer (PS) in photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of cancers. During PDT the PS is administrated intravenously or topically to the patient before laser light at an appropriate wavelength is applied to the cancerous area to activate the PS. The activated PS will react with oxygen typically present in the cancerous tissue to generate reactive oxygen species for the destruction of the cancerous tissue. This in vitro study aimed at investigating the cytotoxic effects of different concentrations of zinc tetrasulfophthalocyanines (ZnTSPc) activated with a diode laser (λ = 672 nm) on melanoma, keratinocyte and fibroblast cells. To perform this study 3 × 104 cells/ml were seeded in 24-well plates and allowed to attach overnight, after which cells were treated with different concentrations of ZnTSPc. After 2 h, cells were irradiated with a constant light dose of 4.5 J/cm2. Post-irradiated cells were incubated for 24 h before cell viability was measured using the CellTiter-Blue Viability Assay. Data indicated high concentrations of ZnTSPc (60–100 μg/ml) in its inactive state are cytotoxic to the melanoma cancer cells. Also, results showed that photoactivated ZnTSPc (50 μg/ml) was able to reduce the cell viability of melanoma, fibroblast and keratinocyte cells to 61%, 81% and 83% respectively. At this photosensitizing concentration the efficacy the treatment light dose of 4.5 J/cm2 against other light doses of 2.5 J/cm2, 7.5 J/cm2 and 10 J/cm2 on the different cell lines were analyzed. ZnTSPc at a concentration of 50 μg/ml activated with a light dose of 4.5 J/cm2 was the most efficient for the killing of melanoma cancer cells with reduced killing effects on healthy normal skin cells in comparison to the other treatment light doses. Melanoma cancer cells after PDT with a photosensitizing concentration of 50 μg/ml and a treatment light dose of 4.5 J/cm2 showed certain apoptosis characteristics such as chromatin condensation and fragmentation of the nucleus. This concludes that low concentrations of ZnTSPc activated with the appropriate light dose can be used to induce cell death in melanoma cells with the occurrence of minimal damage to surrounding healthy tissue.
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Incorporating uncertainty in water resources simulation and assessment tools in South Africa
- Authors: Hughes, Denis A , Kapangaziwiri, E , Mallory, S J , Wagener, T , Smithers, J
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , report
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/438239 , vital:73445 , ISBN 978-1-4312-0128-0 , https://wrcwebsite.azurewebsites.net/wp-content/uploads/mdocs/18381.pdf
- Description: The main objective of the project was to contribute to the incorporation of uncer-tainty assessments in water resource decision making in South Africa, thereby quan-tifying the risks associated with specific decisions about planned future water re-source developments. This objective was supported by several specific aims: 1. De-velop an understanding of uncertainty and associated risks in water resource man-agement on the basis of literature and known practices, nationally and internation-ally. 2. Identify and characterise the main sources of uncertainty (focusing on cur-rent South African practice and typical situations of data availability). 3. Develop techniques and guidelines for quantifying the uncertainty associated with different models. This will include uncertainty in all relevant areas (hydrological, climate, economic, social, etc.). 4. Determine the effects of uncertainty on water resource management and identify what level of uncertainty is acceptable. 5. Develop guide-lines for the communication of uncertainty and the impacts to various stakeholder groups involved within water resource planning and management. This aim will need to address the issue of the links between uncertainty and risk. 6. Develop guidelines for incorporating uncertainty and the associated risk into water resource decision making processes. 7. Identify those areas of uncertainty that can be realistically re-duced and which will have the greatest impact on reducing the risks involved with water resource decision making.
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Integrating scholastic and practice-centred epistemologies in a post-graduate professional degree
- Authors: Lotz-Sisitka, Heila , Ellery, Karen
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69489 , vital:29542 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC37710
- Description: This article argues for the integration of both scholastic and practice-centred epistemologies within an Environmental Education (EE) post-graduate curriculum that is oriented towards sustainability and socio-ecological justice. It is an interpretive study based on an in-depth analysis of five assignments by four scholars registered for the M.Ed. EE course at Rhodes University where a contextualised, reflexive research process, based in a work-place context, forms the integrative pedagogic tool. Analyses indicate that involving students in such a process, with close support and guidance, is an effective means of developing both scholastic and practical epistemologies. It is concluded that research-led integration of scholastic and practice-centred epistemologies in a transformational curriculum has the potential to provide epistemological access to the academy, advance knowledge within disciplines, and challenge the dominance of scholastic knowledge in higher education settings.
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Intellectualisation of African languages with particular reference to isiXhosa
- Authors: Maseko, Pamela
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Xhosa language -- Study and teaching -- South Africa , Language and education -- South Africa , African languages
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/58035 , vital:27035
- Description: The research explores the relationship between language and education, and motivates for the intellectualisation of African languages, isiXhosa in particular, and for their use in education. The main rationale behind this is that access to, and success in education can largely be realised if that education is mediated in one’s first language. The thesis discusses works of prominent scholars who have written on the subject - relating cognitive abilities and achievement in education to language in which that education is offered. The lack of terminology in new domains in African languages as barrier to mother tongue education is laid bare by looking specifically at the history of intellectualisation of isiXhosa, from the missionaries in the 1820s up to the new endeavours as recently as 2008. Terminologies that were developed during the Bantu Education era, where development of isiXhosa and other indigenous African languages was accelerated in order to respond to the demands of moedertaal-onderwys (mother tongue education) are surveyed, and the process of their development analysed. Three main terminology lists developed during this period are analysed against terminology development principles, approaches and methods that are seen as a measure to ensure quality terminology development. The efforts of the development of isiXhosa during the post-apartheid South Africa, especially the government-driven initiatives, are also critiqued even though these are not as effective and as extensive, especially in education. The result of this analysis is that African languages and isiXhosa in particular, can be used in scientific disciplines and at the highest levels of education. Its grammar is advanced, and its lexicon is extensive such that new concepts that need to be named can be named, using appropriate term creation strategies. There are also technological tools such as WordSmith tools that can be used that can advance its development, ensuring that the concept represented in the newly-created term is precise, concise and appropriate in terms of its discipline. Therefore it is argued that, in the interim, terminologies should be developed, in various subjects, to support learning, which at this stage is mediated in English, for those students who have other languages as mother tongue. Those terminologies that have been developed in the various historical periods should be collated, revised and brought into the classrooms. The thesis argues that real intellectualisation of isiXhosa and other African languages rests on the use of these languages in classrooms and lecture halls, and in the value that all role players place on these languages.
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Invasion of a headwater stream by non-native fishes in the Swartkops River system, South Africa
- Authors: Ellender, Bruce R , Weyl, Olaf L F , Swartz, Ernst R
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/446866 , vital:74566 , https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2011.11407477
- Description: In South Africa, fishes in headwater streams are increasingly being threatened by non-native fish invasions. These invasions originate primarily from source populations in mainstream rivers and impoundments. In the Blindekloof stream, a Swartkops River headwater tributary, the non-native Micropterus salmoides was eradicated from the stream by conservation authorities in 1989. As a result of this eradication subsequent occurrences of non-native fishes are most likely a result of upstream invasions from the mainstream Swartkops River. The Blindekloof stream therefore provided a unique opportunity to investigate whether M. salmoides would reinvade after its removal in 1989 and if the more recently introduced Clarias gariepinus and Tilapia sparrmanii would invade the Blindekloof stream. During snorkel and electrofishing surveys four non-native species were recorded (M. salmoides, M. dolomieu, T. sparrmanii, C. gariepinus ).
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Invasion of a South African Anguilla mossambica (Anguillidae) population by the alien gill worm Pseudodactylogyrus anguillae (Monogenea)
- Authors: Parker, Denham , Weyl, Olaf L F , Taraschewski, Horst
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/443367 , vital:74111 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC18196
- Description: The parasitic gill monogenean Pseudodactylogyrus anguillae is alien to Africa. In an investigation of 227 longfin eel, Anguilla mossambica, and 26 mottled eel, Anguilla marmorata, sampled from four river systems in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, this parasite was only present on the gills of A. mossambica sampled from the Great Fish River system. In the Great Fish River, it infected 73.2% of the sampled population at a mean intensity of 63.8 ± 34.3 parasites per fish. High prevalence and intensity are indicative of a well-established alien invasive parasitic species. Results showing the absence of P. anguillae from the co-occurring but less abundant A. marmorata indicate that this species may be less susceptible to P. anguillae infection.
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Invasive alien freshwater fishes in the Wilderness Lakes System, a wetland of international importance in the Western Cape Province, South Africa
- Authors: Olds, Alexis A , Smith, M K S , Weyl, Olaf L F , Russell, I A
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/446879 , vital:74567 , https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2011.11407491
- Description: The Wilderness Lakes System incorporates a RAMSAR listed wetland. Previous ichthyological surveys reported three invasive freshwater fishes; Oreochromis mossambicus (Mozambique tilapia), Gambusia affinis (mosquitofish) and Micropterus salmoides (largemouth bass) from this system. To assess the status of these alien fishes, the fish assemblages in the lakes system were sampled with seine nets and fyke nets in 2009 and 2010. A total of 87 893 fish comprising 16 species were caught. In addition to confirming the persistence of O. mossambicus and G. affinis in the system, the current study also reports the presence of a new invader, Cyprinus carpio (common carp). M. salmoides were absent from 2009 and 2010 samples.
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Investigation of homogeneous photosensitized oxidation activities of palladium and platinum octasubstituted phthalocyanines
- Authors: Ogunbayo, Taofeek B , Antunes, Edith M , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/248394 , vital:51682 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2010.11.008"
- Description: Photosensitized oxidation of 4-nitrophenol was studied in organic solutions with seven octasubstituted thio and aryloxy palladium and platinum phthalocyanines acting as photosensitizers. Kinetic studies conducted also showed that the complexes have different singlet oxygen quenching constants with direct implication on the quantum yield of photodegradation of 4-nitrophenol (Φ4-NP). Palladium analogues gave better results than the platinum analogues in terms of Φ4-NP with palladium-(dodecylthio)phthalocyanine giving the highest yield of 1.8 × 10−3. Gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography connected to a mass spectrometer (LC–MS) were used to confirm the photodegradation products which were hydroquinone and 1,4-benzoquinone.
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JM Coetzee's Disgrace: a reader's guide, and: JM Coetzee's austerities
- Authors: Marais, Mike
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144231 , vital:38323 , DOI: 10.2979/reseafrilite.42.4.135
- Description: Like all of the other publications in the series of which it forms a part, Andrew van der Vlies's Disgrace: A Reader's Guide conforms to a set format: a preface, followed by biographical information on the novelist and the context in which he or she wrote the text concerned, and then a longer section comprising a paraphrase and discussion of the work and its reception, together with suggestions for further reading. Despite these structural constraints, van der Vlies provides a very fine introduction to Disgrace in this volume. Readers will find especially insightful his treatment of Coetzee's preoccupation with alterity, and the responsibility, both ethical and aesthetic, that such otherness exacts. One very slight criticism I have of the monograph is that it could have contained more references to discussions of Coetzee's use of narrative point of view in its list of recommended reading. (James Meffan and Kim Worthington's examination of the ambivalent relationship between David Lurie and the narrator's voice comes to mind here, for instance.) Having said this, however, I have little doubt that van der Vlies's guide will prove a useful and comprehensive introduction to Disgrace in university programs.
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Knowing, acting and being: Epistemological and ontological access in a Science Extended Studies course
- Authors: Ellery, Karen
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69471 , vital:29540 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC37737
- Description: Gross participation and throughput rates in higher education institutions in South Africa indicate an inequitable and poorly functioning system. This interpretive study argues for an approach that enhances epistemological and ontological access and examines how an intervention that includes an overt approach in dealing with the nature of science, coupled with student involvement in an independent research project in a Science Extended Studies course, can enhance such access to higher education study. Analysis of project outcomes and student critical reflections indicated access to scientific and academic Discourses was enhanced through: developing improved procedural and conceptual scientific knowledge; meaningful engagement with the language, norms and conventions of the Discourse; integrating everyday knowledge into more abstract scientific knowledge; awareness of the process of validation of scientific knowledge, of the limitations of science, and of the impact of science on society; and transforming personally by developing scientific discursive identity and a sense of belonging. In conclusion, it is argued that curriculum interventions that focus on epistemological and ontological aspects of learning could appropriately be used throughout the higher education science sector.
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Learning to squander: making meaningful connections in the infinite text of world culture
- Authors: Jamal, Ashraf
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147391 , vital:38632 , https://0-hdl.handle.net.wam.seals.ac.za/10520/EJC45816
- Description: In this article on South African visual art I fix my sight on a global interhuman and aesthetic sphere in which region/nation/transnation merge to produce a cultural economy that overlaps and cannot be satisfactorily grasped according to a centre-periphery model. This eschewal of existing binary models also means a reconceptualisation of the liminal as an in-between space in a fixed divide. Currently it is not only the margin that is indeterminate, but the infinite text of the global cultural economy within which visual art plays its part.
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Life history and population dynamics of invasive common carp, Cyprinus carpio, within a large turbid African impoundment
- Authors: Winker, A Henning , Weyl, Olaf L F , Booth, Anthony J , Ellender, Bruce R
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124898 , vital:35708 , https://doi.10.1071/MF11054
- Description: Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is one of the world’s most widely introduced and established freshwater fishes (Casal 2006). The species is considered to be one of the eight most invasive freshwater fishes (Lowe et al. 2000) and worldwide, it accounts for most of the records of successful establishments and adverse ecological effects (Casal 2006; Kulhanek et al. 2011). This invasive success suggests that feral C. carpio is equipped with a set of adaptable life history attributes that allow it to successfully colonise a wide range of habitats (Koehn 2004; Zambrano et al. 2006; Britton et al. 2007). Where feral C. carpio occurs in high densities, it is often perceived as an invasive pest species (Sivakumaran et al. 2003; Brown and Walker 2004; Koehn 2004) because it can have severe impacts on habitat heterogeneity and biodiversity by increasing water turbidity through its bottom feeding behaviour, increasing nutrient availability, decreasing benthic and macrophyte density and diversity, altering zooplankton assemblages and decreasing endemic fish abundance (Zambrano et al. 2001; Khan 2003; Kulhanek et al. 2011). Within south-east Australia, for example, C. carpio comprises the largest proportion of the ichthyobiomass in the continent’s largest river system – the Murray–Darling Basin (Gehrke et al. 1995). As a consequence, serious concerns about its threat to endemic freshwater species (Koehn 2004) have prompted several of the most recent investigations into its life history (e.g. Sivakumaran et al. 2003; Smith and Walker 2004; Brown et al. 2005). Other potential threats posed also include competition with indigenous species and the spread of diseases and parasites (Dudgeon et al. 2006). In South Africa, for example, Asian tapeworm Bothriocephalus acheilognathi is now widely distributed in seven river systems and has infected eight novel cyprinid hosts due to the translocation of infected by C. carpio from a centralized aquaculture facility (Stadtlander et al. 2011).
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LTSP DNS round robin clusters: green technology access enablers for telecommunication services in marginalised communities
- Authors: Siebörger, Ingrid , Terzoli, Alfredo , Hodgkinson-Williams, Cheryl
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/428437 , vital:72511 , https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/75984640/177-libre.pdf?1639074275=andresponse-content-disposi-tion=inline%3B+filename%3DLTSP_DNS_Round_Robin_Clusters_Green_Tech.pdfandExpires=1714912779andSignature=Gmd52OTCvGmiKhiFiQH~rrfp6lSPbp7glndLPn7V4Jy5yt7lU-eToE4IPxr7lDQQOdUW348nkXIMgYHnXkWjWl7nYBM7hlluxJGd15oKbpifvTofHVVEB-kOLbz0caOrAodnS~eMHdebRQOumKSAHPGQkqem756vbw0KV7bhmFQ0TUN-vsVeBoH5ftfg7s355Oh9EZCQhZu~~P0AWzlSRnMTH~6vpj3EKvp7P4gy55oISZ~207VFFFZidb90aoP7JWehRYjRqn3Tk19A6nwm4o9U-wc9Dz1MrCy-YfbqOxdNulQh4bti2WI7DA6C3Q8TMCbtqnZskXQYsIzfEianS~gw__andKey-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA
- Description: Rural development is seen as a priority in South Africa; information and knowledge are key strategic resources for social and economic develop-ment. Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) are seen as im-portant tools in rural development, assisting in enabling change through economic development. In rural areas where ICT infrastructure is being expanded and deployed there is a need to provide appropriate technolo-gies that support sustainability and meet the needs of the local communi-ty. In this paper we argue that the use of Linux Terminal Server Project (LTSP) cluster servers are appropriate technologies for use in computer laboratory environments for relatively inexpensive access to technologies by schools and local communities in rural areas. Typically LTSP clusters are deployed when there is a need to support 100s or 1000s of comput-ers, however, we argue that by reusing recycled (older) desktop or server computers as cluster servers could lower the entry level costs of LTSP computing while maximising the use of available resources. The paper details the configuration of a Domain Name System (DNS) round robin cluster solution together with initial testing and results. It is suggested that LTSP cluster solutions, and the DNS round robin implementation, show promise for use in providing access technologies to rural communities and schools.
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Macrofaunal community structure in the littoral zone of a freshwater-deprived, permanently open Eastern Cape estuary
- Authors: Henninger, Tony O , Froneman, P William
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/443954 , vital:74174 , https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2011.11407500
- Description: Spatial patterns in the macrofauna community structure within four distinct zones of the permanently open, freshwater-deprived Kariega Estuary on the southeastern coastline of southern Africa were investigated in March–May 2010. The zones within the littoral zone comprised a band of Zostera capensis (Setchell) exposed at spring low tide and comprising Zone I; a band of mud or sand, lacking vegetation, corresponded to Zone II; stands of Spartina maritima (Curtis) formed Zone III and a belt of Sarcocornia perennis (Miller) constituted Zone IV.
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Microelectrochemical patterning of gold surfaces using 4-azidobenzenediazonium and scanning electrochemical microscopy
- Authors: Coates, Megan , Cabet, Eva , Griveau, Sophie , Nyokong, Tebello , Bedioui, Fethi
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/247926 , vital:51630 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2010.11.037"
- Description: This work describes for the first time the possibility of performing local micro electrochemical grafting of a gold substrate by 4-azidobenzenediazonium by SECM in a single and simple one step without complications from adsorption. The electrografted spots of diazonium were performed by positioning a Pt tip at a given distance above the gold substrate and the SECM was used in a three-electrode configuration (the Pt tip serving as the microanode) in acetonitrile containing 5 mM 4-azidobenzenediazonium and 0.1 M Bu4NBF4 during 10 ms. The dimensions of the derivatized areas of the substrates were finely tuned by using different experimental conditions (tip distance above the substrate, tip diameter, presence or absence of supporting electrolyte). The use of the azido-derivated diazonium molecule and these preliminary results open the gate to important applications and developments devoted to the local micro functionalization of electrodes by thin layers that allow the implementation of the emerging and attractive interfacial click reaction.
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MMORPG: Towards a Sustainable Livelihood Model for Africa and Beyond
- Authors: Mostert, Andre , Kaschula, Russell H
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/175212 , vital:42553 , ISBN ViNOrg 2011 , https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-31800-9_4
- Description: The burgeoning worlds of massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPG) coupled with increasing access to the internet is opening a new paradigmatic window for a number of disciplines. Many of these have been slow to take up the challenges associated with this emergent framework, due, in no small measure, to the perception that work and play are mutually exclusive. The dominance of this dichotomy contributed to the slow uptake of the potential for these virtual worlds to be harnessed in the fields of education and employment. This reticence was due in no small measure to the technophobia that tends to characterise the adoption of new technologies within fields that have customarily eschewed an embrace.
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