The genetic stock structure and distribution of Chrysoblephus Puniceus, a commercially important transboundary linefish species, endemic to the South West Indian Ocean
- Authors: Duncan, Murray Ian
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Sparidae , Fishes -- Indian Ocean , Fish populations , Fishery management , Fish stock assessment -- South Africa , Fish stock assessment -- Mozambique , Overfishing , Habitat conservation , Fishes -- Genetics , Fishes -- Climatic factors , Fishes -- Variation , Fishes -- Migration
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5360 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011868 , Sparidae , Fishes -- Indian Ocean , Fish populations , Fishery management , Fish stock assessment -- South Africa , Fish stock assessment -- Mozambique , Overfishing , Habitat conservation , Fishes -- Genetics , Fishes -- Climatic factors , Fishes -- Variation , Fishes -- Migration
- Description: Chrysoblephus puniceus is an over-exploited linefish species, endemic to the coastlines off southern Mozambique and eastern South Africa. Over-exploitation and habitat loss are two of the biggest threats to the sustainability of fisheries globally. Assessing the genetic stock structure (a prerequisite for effective management) and predicting climate related range changes will provide a better understanding of these threats to C. puniceus which can be used to improve the sustainability of the fishery. Two hundred and eighty four genetic samples were collected from eight sampling sites between Ponta da Barra in Mozambique and Coffee Bay in South Africa. The mitochondrial control region and ten microsatellite loci were amplified to analyse the stock structure of C. puniceus. The majority of microsatellite and mtDNA pairwise population comparisons were not significant (P > 0.05) although Xai Xai and Inhaca populations had some significant population comparisons for mtDNA (P < 0.05). AMOVA did not explain any significant variation at the between groups hierarchical level for any pre-defined groupings except for a mtDNA grouping which separated out Xai Xai and Inhaca from other sampling sites. SAMOVA, isolation by distance tests, structure analysis, principle component analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis all indicated a single population of C. puniceus as being most likely. The migrate-n analysis provided evidence of current driven larval transport, with net migration rates influenced by current dynamics.Two hundred and thirty six unique presence points of C. puniceus were correlated with seasonal maximum and minimum temperature data and bathymetry to model the current distribution and predict future distribution changes of the species up until 2030. Eight individual species distribution models were developed and combined into a mean ensemble model using the Biomod2 package. Winter minimum temperature was the most important variable in determining models outputs. Overall the ensemble model was accurate with a true skills statistic score of 0.962. Binary transformed mean ensemble models predicted a northern and southern range contraction of C. puniceus' distribution of 15 percent; by 2030. The mean ensemble probability of occurrence models indicated that C. puniceus' abundance is likely to decrease off the southern Mozambique coastline but remain high off KwaZulu-Natal. The results of the genetic analysis support the theory of external recruitment sustaining the KwaZulu Natal fishery for C. puniceus. While the high genetic diversity and connectivity may make C. puniceus more resilient to disturbances, the loss of 15 percent; distribution and 11 percent; genetic diversity by 2030 will increase the species vulnerability. The decrease in abundance of C. puniceus off southern Mozambique together with current widespread exploitation levels could result in the collapse of the fishery. A single transboundary stock of C. puniceus highlights the need for co-management of the species. A combined stock assessment between South Africa and Mozambique and the development of further Marine Protected Areas off southern Mozambique are suggested as management options to minimise the vulnerability of this species.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Duncan, Murray Ian
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Sparidae , Fishes -- Indian Ocean , Fish populations , Fishery management , Fish stock assessment -- South Africa , Fish stock assessment -- Mozambique , Overfishing , Habitat conservation , Fishes -- Genetics , Fishes -- Climatic factors , Fishes -- Variation , Fishes -- Migration
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5360 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011868 , Sparidae , Fishes -- Indian Ocean , Fish populations , Fishery management , Fish stock assessment -- South Africa , Fish stock assessment -- Mozambique , Overfishing , Habitat conservation , Fishes -- Genetics , Fishes -- Climatic factors , Fishes -- Variation , Fishes -- Migration
- Description: Chrysoblephus puniceus is an over-exploited linefish species, endemic to the coastlines off southern Mozambique and eastern South Africa. Over-exploitation and habitat loss are two of the biggest threats to the sustainability of fisheries globally. Assessing the genetic stock structure (a prerequisite for effective management) and predicting climate related range changes will provide a better understanding of these threats to C. puniceus which can be used to improve the sustainability of the fishery. Two hundred and eighty four genetic samples were collected from eight sampling sites between Ponta da Barra in Mozambique and Coffee Bay in South Africa. The mitochondrial control region and ten microsatellite loci were amplified to analyse the stock structure of C. puniceus. The majority of microsatellite and mtDNA pairwise population comparisons were not significant (P > 0.05) although Xai Xai and Inhaca populations had some significant population comparisons for mtDNA (P < 0.05). AMOVA did not explain any significant variation at the between groups hierarchical level for any pre-defined groupings except for a mtDNA grouping which separated out Xai Xai and Inhaca from other sampling sites. SAMOVA, isolation by distance tests, structure analysis, principle component analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis all indicated a single population of C. puniceus as being most likely. The migrate-n analysis provided evidence of current driven larval transport, with net migration rates influenced by current dynamics.Two hundred and thirty six unique presence points of C. puniceus were correlated with seasonal maximum and minimum temperature data and bathymetry to model the current distribution and predict future distribution changes of the species up until 2030. Eight individual species distribution models were developed and combined into a mean ensemble model using the Biomod2 package. Winter minimum temperature was the most important variable in determining models outputs. Overall the ensemble model was accurate with a true skills statistic score of 0.962. Binary transformed mean ensemble models predicted a northern and southern range contraction of C. puniceus' distribution of 15 percent; by 2030. The mean ensemble probability of occurrence models indicated that C. puniceus' abundance is likely to decrease off the southern Mozambique coastline but remain high off KwaZulu-Natal. The results of the genetic analysis support the theory of external recruitment sustaining the KwaZulu Natal fishery for C. puniceus. While the high genetic diversity and connectivity may make C. puniceus more resilient to disturbances, the loss of 15 percent; distribution and 11 percent; genetic diversity by 2030 will increase the species vulnerability. The decrease in abundance of C. puniceus off southern Mozambique together with current widespread exploitation levels could result in the collapse of the fishery. A single transboundary stock of C. puniceus highlights the need for co-management of the species. A combined stock assessment between South Africa and Mozambique and the development of further Marine Protected Areas off southern Mozambique are suggested as management options to minimise the vulnerability of this species.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
A late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) galaxiid fish from South Africa
- Anderson, M Eric, J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Authors: Anderson, M Eric , J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1998-05
- Subjects: Fishes -- Indian Ocean , Flatfishes -- Indian Ocean
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/71000 , vital:29769 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 60 , A new teleost fish, Stompooria rogersmithi, is described from deposits of a Late Cretaceous crater lake in the Karoo, South Africa. The fossils represent the earliest known species of the recently redefined family Galaxiidae. Distinguishing features include the apposition of the dorsal and anal fins, 41- 42 vertebrae, all neural arches anterior to the dorsal fin origin fused to the centra, presence of epineurals, the opercle reduced above the level of the hyomandibular articulation, the posttemporal and supracleithrum without a connection to the seismosensory head canals, 18 principal caudal fin rays, two epurals, five hypurals, no dorsal outgrowth on the uroneural, the neural spines of the second and third preural centra similar in size, and absence of a stegural, a third uroneural, a mesocoracoid, a supramaxilla, and teeth on the maxilla and palatine bones.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1998-05
- Authors: Anderson, M Eric , J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1998-05
- Subjects: Fishes -- Indian Ocean , Flatfishes -- Indian Ocean
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/71000 , vital:29769 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 60 , A new teleost fish, Stompooria rogersmithi, is described from deposits of a Late Cretaceous crater lake in the Karoo, South Africa. The fossils represent the earliest known species of the recently redefined family Galaxiidae. Distinguishing features include the apposition of the dorsal and anal fins, 41- 42 vertebrae, all neural arches anterior to the dorsal fin origin fused to the centra, presence of epineurals, the opercle reduced above the level of the hyomandibular articulation, the posttemporal and supracleithrum without a connection to the seismosensory head canals, 18 principal caudal fin rays, two epurals, five hypurals, no dorsal outgrowth on the uroneural, the neural spines of the second and third preural centra similar in size, and absence of a stegural, a third uroneural, a mesocoracoid, a supramaxilla, and teeth on the maxilla and palatine bones.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1998-05
A new species of the flatfish genus Chascanopsetta (Pleuronectiformes: Bothidae), from the coasts of Kenya and Somalia with comments on C.lugubris
- Hensley, Dannie A, Smale, Malcolm J, J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Authors: Hensley, Dannie A , Smale, Malcolm J , J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1997-12
- Subjects: Fishes -- Indian Ocean , Flatfishes -- Indian Ocean
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70987 , vital:29768 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 59 , Six species of the genus Chascanopsetta are currently recognized. Recent work on otolith morphology from specimens identified as C. lugubris raised the possibility that three forms of C. lugubris are found in the western Indian Ocean. Re-examination of the voucher specimens showed that one of these forms is a new species, C. kenyaensis, from Kenya and Somalia. The other two forms may show differences in otolith morphology due to ontogeny. The new species most closely resembles C. prorigera from the Hawaiian Archipelago, Emperor Seamounts, and the western North Atlantic. These two species differ in lateral-line scale counts, body depth, upper-jaw length, and coloration. Many comparative specimens of C. lugubris were examined. It was found that this species’ distribution rounds the Cape of Good Hope from the southwestern Indian Ocean into the southeastern Atlantic. Specimens from this southern African region show higher dorsal- and anal-fin ray counts than those from more northern areas in the Atlantic, western Pacific, and Indian oceans. There is some indication that what some authors refer to as the Indo-West Pacific subspecies C. lugubris lugubris rounds the Cape of Good Hope and also occurs in parts of the eastern Atlantic. A more thorough comparison of C. lugubris from different regions is needed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1997-12
- Authors: Hensley, Dannie A , Smale, Malcolm J , J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1997-12
- Subjects: Fishes -- Indian Ocean , Flatfishes -- Indian Ocean
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70987 , vital:29768 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 59 , Six species of the genus Chascanopsetta are currently recognized. Recent work on otolith morphology from specimens identified as C. lugubris raised the possibility that three forms of C. lugubris are found in the western Indian Ocean. Re-examination of the voucher specimens showed that one of these forms is a new species, C. kenyaensis, from Kenya and Somalia. The other two forms may show differences in otolith morphology due to ontogeny. The new species most closely resembles C. prorigera from the Hawaiian Archipelago, Emperor Seamounts, and the western North Atlantic. These two species differ in lateral-line scale counts, body depth, upper-jaw length, and coloration. Many comparative specimens of C. lugubris were examined. It was found that this species’ distribution rounds the Cape of Good Hope from the southwestern Indian Ocean into the southeastern Atlantic. Specimens from this southern African region show higher dorsal- and anal-fin ray counts than those from more northern areas in the Atlantic, western Pacific, and Indian oceans. There is some indication that what some authors refer to as the Indo-West Pacific subspecies C. lugubris lugubris rounds the Cape of Good Hope and also occurs in parts of the eastern Atlantic. A more thorough comparison of C. lugubris from different regions is needed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1997-12
Records of fishes of the family Triacanthodidae (Tetraodontiformes) from the western Indian Ocean off East Africa
- Tyler, James C, 1935-, J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Authors: Tyler, James C, 1935- , J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1983-12
- Subjects: Fishes -- Indian Ocean , Tetraodontiformes
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70027 , vital:29608 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 31 , Reports of triacanthodid fishes from the Indian Ocean published since the revision of the family by Tyler (.1968) are reviewed, and new records are added from off the east coast of Africa. These new records are based mostly on specimens recently collected by the R/V Fridtjof Nansen off Kenya (including new western Indian Ocean records of Halimochirurgus alcocki and of Bathyphylax bombifrons), as well as on some older materials from the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology and the South African Museum. Eight species of triacanthodids known from off east Africa are discussed briefly, with special attention given to Bathyphylax bombifrons and B. omen, previously known only from holotypes, for which additional specimens are now available. Seven species are illustrated with photographs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1983-12
- Authors: Tyler, James C, 1935- , J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1983-12
- Subjects: Fishes -- Indian Ocean , Tetraodontiformes
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70027 , vital:29608 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 31 , Reports of triacanthodid fishes from the Indian Ocean published since the revision of the family by Tyler (.1968) are reviewed, and new records are added from off the east coast of Africa. These new records are based mostly on specimens recently collected by the R/V Fridtjof Nansen off Kenya (including new western Indian Ocean records of Halimochirurgus alcocki and of Bathyphylax bombifrons), as well as on some older materials from the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology and the South African Museum. Eight species of triacanthodids known from off east Africa are discussed briefly, with special attention given to Bathyphylax bombifrons and B. omen, previously known only from holotypes, for which additional specimens are now available. Seven species are illustrated with photographs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1983-12
Evolutionary significance of Holapogon, a new genus of cardinal fishes (Apogonidae), with a redescription of its type-species, Apogon maximus
- Fraser, Thomas H, Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Authors: Fraser, Thomas H , Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1973-04
- Subjects: Holapogon , Holapogon maximus , Fishes -- Classification , Fishes -- Indian Ocean
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69640 , vital:29562 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 10 , A new genus is erected for Apogon maximus, a deep water cardinal fish occurring off the coast of southern Arabia in the Indian Ocean. Holapogon is a primitive genus near the ancestor which gave rise to all the living Apogoninae. The type-species, Apogon maximus Boulenger, 1887, is redescribed and aspects of its anatomy are investigated.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1973-04
- Authors: Fraser, Thomas H , Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1973-04
- Subjects: Holapogon , Holapogon maximus , Fishes -- Classification , Fishes -- Indian Ocean
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69640 , vital:29562 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 10 , A new genus is erected for Apogon maximus, a deep water cardinal fish occurring off the coast of southern Arabia in the Indian Ocean. Holapogon is a primitive genus near the ancestor which gave rise to all the living Apogoninae. The type-species, Apogon maximus Boulenger, 1887, is redescribed and aspects of its anatomy are investigated.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1973-04
A new species of the klipfish genus Springeratus (Clinidae) from the Indian Ocean
- Fraser, Thomas H, Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Authors: Fraser, Thomas H , Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1972-11
- Subjects: Klipfish , Springeratus , Fishes -- Classification , Fishes -- Geographical distribution , Fishes -- Indian Ocean
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69630 , vital:29561 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 9 , Klipfishes of the subfamily Clininae are among the dominant intertidal fishes in southern Africa. Except for a few tropical clinine members such as Clinus xanthosoma Bleeker, Clinus ekloniae McKay and Petraites roseus (Gunther), these diverse temperate forms seem to be replaced by members of the Blenniidae in the intertidal zone of the tropical Indo-Pacific. Klipfishes have not been collected often in the tropical IndoPacific, but often enough to indicate a distribution for C. xanthosoma from Japan through the Philippines to Indonesia and Ceylon. In a recent publication Shen (1971 b) has brought our knowledge of C. xanthosoma up to date and described a new genus, Springeratus to house this species. The status of C. halei has been and still remains uncertain since Day described it in 1888. While collecting fishes at Mauritius, an undescribed intertidal clinid was obtained. This population of live-bearing klipfish contributes to our understanding of the zoogeography and possible relationships of Australian and southern African Clininae. Penrith (1969: r 14) hypothesized sea-weed transport of a clinid ancestor from Australia to South Africa. The Mauritian species favours her hypothesis as well as casting some doubt on the validity of Springeratus as a genus different from Clinus (sensu Penrith, 1969).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1972-11
- Authors: Fraser, Thomas H , Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1972-11
- Subjects: Klipfish , Springeratus , Fishes -- Classification , Fishes -- Geographical distribution , Fishes -- Indian Ocean
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69630 , vital:29561 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 9 , Klipfishes of the subfamily Clininae are among the dominant intertidal fishes in southern Africa. Except for a few tropical clinine members such as Clinus xanthosoma Bleeker, Clinus ekloniae McKay and Petraites roseus (Gunther), these diverse temperate forms seem to be replaced by members of the Blenniidae in the intertidal zone of the tropical Indo-Pacific. Klipfishes have not been collected often in the tropical IndoPacific, but often enough to indicate a distribution for C. xanthosoma from Japan through the Philippines to Indonesia and Ceylon. In a recent publication Shen (1971 b) has brought our knowledge of C. xanthosoma up to date and described a new genus, Springeratus to house this species. The status of C. halei has been and still remains uncertain since Day described it in 1888. While collecting fishes at Mauritius, an undescribed intertidal clinid was obtained. This population of live-bearing klipfish contributes to our understanding of the zoogeography and possible relationships of Australian and southern African Clininae. Penrith (1969: r 14) hypothesized sea-weed transport of a clinid ancestor from Australia to South Africa. The Mauritian species favours her hypothesis as well as casting some doubt on the validity of Springeratus as a genus different from Clinus (sensu Penrith, 1969).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1972-11
Fishes of the family Atherinidae of the Red Sea and the Western Indian Ocean with a new freshwater genus and species from Madagascar
- Smith, J.L.B. (James Leonard Brierley), 1897-1968
- Authors: Smith, J.L.B. (James Leonard Brierley), 1897-1968
- Date: 1965
- Subjects: Silversides , Teramulus , Fishes -- Classification , Fishes -- Indian Ocean , Fishes -- Red Sea
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:15006 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1019729 , Ichthyological Bulletin; No. 31
- Description: While some of the marine species enter estuaries, it is remarkable that no freshwater forms are known from East African lakes or from African rivers that flow eastwards. One species occurs in lakes in North Africa, and another in West Africa, and seven species of endemic Atherinid fishes have been found to be widespread in the freshwaters of Madagascar. A brief summary of the latter is given below, with a revised description of Teramulus waterloti (Pellegrin, 1932), and the new genus Teramulus, in which two species are shown to be present in Madagascar. , Rhodes University Libraries (Digitisation)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1965
- Authors: Smith, J.L.B. (James Leonard Brierley), 1897-1968
- Date: 1965
- Subjects: Silversides , Teramulus , Fishes -- Classification , Fishes -- Indian Ocean , Fishes -- Red Sea
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:15006 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1019729 , Ichthyological Bulletin; No. 31
- Description: While some of the marine species enter estuaries, it is remarkable that no freshwater forms are known from East African lakes or from African rivers that flow eastwards. One species occurs in lakes in North Africa, and another in West Africa, and seven species of endemic Atherinid fishes have been found to be widespread in the freshwaters of Madagascar. A brief summary of the latter is given below, with a revised description of Teramulus waterloti (Pellegrin, 1932), and the new genus Teramulus, in which two species are shown to be present in Madagascar. , Rhodes University Libraries (Digitisation)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1965
Fishes of the family Syngnathidae from the Red Sea and the Western Indian Ocean
- Smith, J.L.B. (James Leonard Brierley), 1897-1968
- Authors: Smith, J.L.B. (James Leonard Brierley), 1897-1968
- Date: 1963
- Subjects: Syngnathidae , Fishes -- Red Sea , Fishes -- Indian Ocean
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:15002 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1019716 , Ichthyological Bulletin; No. 27
- Description: Family Syngnathidae - Seahorses: Pipefishes - Body encased in tough but flexible horny rings, all except the first corresponding with the vertebrae, of which the first three are ankylosed. Body form mostly elongate, with clearly defined head, trunk and tail, the trunk stouter, in Seahorses much stouter, than the usually slender tail. The head rather slender, its chief features a tubular sometimes very elongate snout with a small terminal oblique mouth, no teeth of any kind: a tiny pore-like branchial opening, the gillmembranes fused with the skin of the shoulder; four lobate or tuft-like gills. Pelvics absent, other fins usually present, the caudal often absent, rarely the anal or the pectoral or all fins absent. , Rhodes University Libraries (Digitisation)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1963
- Authors: Smith, J.L.B. (James Leonard Brierley), 1897-1968
- Date: 1963
- Subjects: Syngnathidae , Fishes -- Red Sea , Fishes -- Indian Ocean
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:15002 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1019716 , Ichthyological Bulletin; No. 27
- Description: Family Syngnathidae - Seahorses: Pipefishes - Body encased in tough but flexible horny rings, all except the first corresponding with the vertebrae, of which the first three are ankylosed. Body form mostly elongate, with clearly defined head, trunk and tail, the trunk stouter, in Seahorses much stouter, than the usually slender tail. The head rather slender, its chief features a tubular sometimes very elongate snout with a small terminal oblique mouth, no teeth of any kind: a tiny pore-like branchial opening, the gillmembranes fused with the skin of the shoulder; four lobate or tuft-like gills. Pelvics absent, other fins usually present, the caudal often absent, rarely the anal or the pectoral or all fins absent. , Rhodes University Libraries (Digitisation)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1963
Fishes of the family Gaterinidae of the Western Indian Ocean and the Red Sea with a resume of all known Indo Pacific species
- Smith, J.L.B. (James Leonard Brierley), 1897-1968
- Authors: Smith, J.L.B. (James Leonard Brierley), 1897-1968
- Date: 1962
- Subjects: Grunts (FIshes) , Fishes -- Classification , Fishes -- Indian Ocean , Fishes -- Red Sea
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:14993 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1019670 , Ichthyological Bulletin; No. 25
- Description: Family Gaterinidae - Fairly robust usually deeply ovoid body, moderately compressed, covered with moderate to small strong adherent ctenoid scales, mostly only front of muzzle naked. Vertical fins partly scaly. Lateral line complete, concurrent with dorsal profile, but in adults not very distinct, tubules oblique, fewer than series of scales. Snout not pointed, moderately to markedly blunt. Mouth moderate, little protractile, maxilla slips below preorbital for most of its length. Lips well developed, often greatly swollen with age. Feeble cardiform teeth in bands in each jaw, outer series often enlarged, no teeth on palate or tongue. Chin with distinct pores, no central groove behind symphysis. Preopercle coarsely serrate in young, finer w ith age, obsolescent in very large fishes. Gill membranes free from isthmus. Gillrakers well developed, stout, spiny behind, 20-40 on whole outer arch. Dorsal continuous, of (9)10-14 spines and 15-26 rays, total 27-35, spines well developed, moderate to powerful, fewer than soft rays, but spinous part mostly with longer base, fin of almost uniform height to deeply notched, usually less so with age. Anal short, height exceeds base, III (6)7-8(9), 2nd spine mostly longer and stouter than 3rd. Caudal rounded in juveniles, feebly emarginate or truncate with age. Pectoral distinctly shorter than head. Juveniles up to about 40mm differ from the adults in certain features. They show some Pomadasyid characters i.a. the lateral line is continuous, the tubular scales adjacent; no pores are visible on the chin and the maxilla reaches to below the eye. Also the predorsal scaling ends in mid interorbital, and the scale rows above the lateral line are fewer. With growth the scale rows increase in number, but not the tubular L .l. scales, which become separated, the predorsal scales extend to the nostrils, while the snout extends, the maxilla not reaching to eye. , Rhodes University Libraries (Digitisation)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1962
- Authors: Smith, J.L.B. (James Leonard Brierley), 1897-1968
- Date: 1962
- Subjects: Grunts (FIshes) , Fishes -- Classification , Fishes -- Indian Ocean , Fishes -- Red Sea
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:14993 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1019670 , Ichthyological Bulletin; No. 25
- Description: Family Gaterinidae - Fairly robust usually deeply ovoid body, moderately compressed, covered with moderate to small strong adherent ctenoid scales, mostly only front of muzzle naked. Vertical fins partly scaly. Lateral line complete, concurrent with dorsal profile, but in adults not very distinct, tubules oblique, fewer than series of scales. Snout not pointed, moderately to markedly blunt. Mouth moderate, little protractile, maxilla slips below preorbital for most of its length. Lips well developed, often greatly swollen with age. Feeble cardiform teeth in bands in each jaw, outer series often enlarged, no teeth on palate or tongue. Chin with distinct pores, no central groove behind symphysis. Preopercle coarsely serrate in young, finer w ith age, obsolescent in very large fishes. Gill membranes free from isthmus. Gillrakers well developed, stout, spiny behind, 20-40 on whole outer arch. Dorsal continuous, of (9)10-14 spines and 15-26 rays, total 27-35, spines well developed, moderate to powerful, fewer than soft rays, but spinous part mostly with longer base, fin of almost uniform height to deeply notched, usually less so with age. Anal short, height exceeds base, III (6)7-8(9), 2nd spine mostly longer and stouter than 3rd. Caudal rounded in juveniles, feebly emarginate or truncate with age. Pectoral distinctly shorter than head. Juveniles up to about 40mm differ from the adults in certain features. They show some Pomadasyid characters i.a. the lateral line is continuous, the tubular scales adjacent; no pores are visible on the chin and the maxilla reaches to below the eye. Also the predorsal scaling ends in mid interorbital, and the scale rows above the lateral line are fewer. With growth the scale rows increase in number, but not the tubular L .l. scales, which become separated, the predorsal scales extend to the nostrils, while the snout extends, the maxilla not reaching to eye. , Rhodes University Libraries (Digitisation)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1962
Sand-dwelling eels of the Western Indian Ocean and the Red Sea
- Smith, J.L.B. (James Leonard Brierley), 1897-1968
- Authors: Smith, J.L.B. (James Leonard Brierley), 1897-1968
- Date: 1962
- Subjects: Fishes -- Classification , Fishes -- Indian Ocean , Fishes -- Red Sea
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:14992 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1019664 , Ichthyological Bulletin; No. 24
- Description: The Western Indian Ocean has been found to be notably rich in marine eels. The Moray eels have been treated earlier (Bulletin No 23). In the present revision are described eels of the families OPHICHTHIDAE, ECHELIDAE, M ORING UIDAE, and NEENCHELIDAE, which are chiefly sand-dwelling forms, norm ally not free swimming by day. Some favour muddy areas where the water is turbid, and are found in estuaries, sometimes in or near fresh water. None of these eels are of any economic importance in the Western Indian Ocean though some are eaten by the natives in parts of the region. Only few attain any size, the majority are small and seldom encountered by the ordinary fisherman, in many cases they have been unknown to the local inhabitants. Our specimens were obtained chiefly by rotenone poisoning of suitable areas, mainly intertidal. , Rhodes University Libraries (Digitisation)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1962
- Authors: Smith, J.L.B. (James Leonard Brierley), 1897-1968
- Date: 1962
- Subjects: Fishes -- Classification , Fishes -- Indian Ocean , Fishes -- Red Sea
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:14992 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1019664 , Ichthyological Bulletin; No. 24
- Description: The Western Indian Ocean has been found to be notably rich in marine eels. The Moray eels have been treated earlier (Bulletin No 23). In the present revision are described eels of the families OPHICHTHIDAE, ECHELIDAE, M ORING UIDAE, and NEENCHELIDAE, which are chiefly sand-dwelling forms, norm ally not free swimming by day. Some favour muddy areas where the water is turbid, and are found in estuaries, sometimes in or near fresh water. None of these eels are of any economic importance in the Western Indian Ocean though some are eaten by the natives in parts of the region. Only few attain any size, the majority are small and seldom encountered by the ordinary fisherman, in many cases they have been unknown to the local inhabitants. Our specimens were obtained chiefly by rotenone poisoning of suitable areas, mainly intertidal. , Rhodes University Libraries (Digitisation)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1962
Fishes of the family Anthiidae
- Smith, J.L.B. (James Leonard Brierley), 1897-1968
- Authors: Smith, J.L.B. (James Leonard Brierley), 1897-1968
- Date: 1961
- Subjects: Ground beetles , Fishes -- Classification , Fishes -- Indian Ocean , Fishes -- Red Sea
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:14984 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018951 , Ichthyological Bulletin; No. 21
- Description: These fishes are generally assigned to the family Serranidae, one of the most diverse and cumbersome groups of fishes. Containing numerous ill-assorted types this family for convenience at least merits sub-division. One of the natural sub-groups, generally given sub-family status as the Anthiinae, but here given full family rank, consists mainly of small, brilliant, free-swimming coral haunting types confined almost exclusively to tropical seas. These d iffer from the Serranidae proper in the absence of a supramaxilla, in having larger scales, in the dentition, and mostly in the concave or lunate caudal. Although by most workers assigned without question to the Serranidae (sensustricto) the monotypic genus Variola Swainson, 1839 has distinct affinities with the Anthiidae. The dentition, lunate caudal and the brilliant colouration accord better with the Anthiid than with the Serranid fishes. , Rhodes University Libraries (Digitisation)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1961
- Authors: Smith, J.L.B. (James Leonard Brierley), 1897-1968
- Date: 1961
- Subjects: Ground beetles , Fishes -- Classification , Fishes -- Indian Ocean , Fishes -- Red Sea
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:14984 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018951 , Ichthyological Bulletin; No. 21
- Description: These fishes are generally assigned to the family Serranidae, one of the most diverse and cumbersome groups of fishes. Containing numerous ill-assorted types this family for convenience at least merits sub-division. One of the natural sub-groups, generally given sub-family status as the Anthiinae, but here given full family rank, consists mainly of small, brilliant, free-swimming coral haunting types confined almost exclusively to tropical seas. These d iffer from the Serranidae proper in the absence of a supramaxilla, in having larger scales, in the dentition, and mostly in the concave or lunate caudal. Although by most workers assigned without question to the Serranidae (sensustricto) the monotypic genus Variola Swainson, 1839 has distinct affinities with the Anthiidae. The dentition, lunate caudal and the brilliant colouration accord better with the Anthiid than with the Serranid fishes. , Rhodes University Libraries (Digitisation)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1961
Fishes of the family Apogonidae of the Western Indian Ocean and the Red Sea
- Smith, J.L.B. (James Leonard Brierley), 1897-1968
- Authors: Smith, J.L.B. (James Leonard Brierley), 1897-1968
- Date: 1961
- Subjects: Cardinalfishes , Fishes -- Classification , Fishes -- Indian Ocean , Fishes -- Red Sea
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:14985 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018952 , Ichthyological Bulletin; No. 22
- Description: Fishes of the family Apogonidae of the Western Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. Small and relatively feeble as most of these fishes are many cover an astonishing range. Some are found over truly vast areas of the Indo-Pacific, ranging from Southern Africa to the mid-Pacific. As a result, workers on even mid-Pacific Apogonidae need to give heed to the fauna of the Red Sea and of the Western Indian Ocean, from where, as in the case of the Parrot fishes, many early types were described. Failure to do this has caused species from the Pacific described as new, later to be proved identical with those long known from the Red Sea or the Indian Ocean. , Rhodes University Libraries (Digitisation)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1961
- Authors: Smith, J.L.B. (James Leonard Brierley), 1897-1968
- Date: 1961
- Subjects: Cardinalfishes , Fishes -- Classification , Fishes -- Indian Ocean , Fishes -- Red Sea
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:14985 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018952 , Ichthyological Bulletin; No. 22
- Description: Fishes of the family Apogonidae of the Western Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. Small and relatively feeble as most of these fishes are many cover an astonishing range. Some are found over truly vast areas of the Indo-Pacific, ranging from Southern Africa to the mid-Pacific. As a result, workers on even mid-Pacific Apogonidae need to give heed to the fauna of the Red Sea and of the Western Indian Ocean, from where, as in the case of the Parrot fishes, many early types were described. Failure to do this has caused species from the Pacific described as new, later to be proved identical with those long known from the Red Sea or the Indian Ocean. , Rhodes University Libraries (Digitisation)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1961
Coral fishes of the family Pomacentridae from the Western Indian Ocean and the Red Sea
- Smith, J.L.B. (James Leonard Brierley), 1897-1968
- Authors: Smith, J.L.B. (James Leonard Brierley), 1897-1968
- Date: 1960
- Subjects: Pomacentridae , Perciformes , Fishes -- Red Sea , Fishes -- Indian Ocean
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:14981 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018780 , Ichthyological Bulletin; No. 19
- Description: Coral fishes of the family Pomacentridae from the Western Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. Local names in the Western Indian Ocean: Red Sea; SCHARAM. Italian Somaliland; SHIRISHIRI, BUNSHILI, L'YUNUSS RASHIDD. Zanzibar; KIPEPEU, KIYAKAZI, NDUZI. Tanga; BAZI. Pinda (Moz); NIPATE. Seychelles; BOETEUR (DU SABLE, NOIR, BLEU, etc.), MARMITE. Mauritius; COUS COUS, DEBOUETTER, BOETEUR. Comores; SOUMPI, SOUMPOUI, DAOU, GOALE. , Rhodes University Libraries (Digitisation)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1960
- Authors: Smith, J.L.B. (James Leonard Brierley), 1897-1968
- Date: 1960
- Subjects: Pomacentridae , Perciformes , Fishes -- Red Sea , Fishes -- Indian Ocean
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:14981 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018780 , Ichthyological Bulletin; No. 19
- Description: Coral fishes of the family Pomacentridae from the Western Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. Local names in the Western Indian Ocean: Red Sea; SCHARAM. Italian Somaliland; SHIRISHIRI, BUNSHILI, L'YUNUSS RASHIDD. Zanzibar; KIPEPEU, KIYAKAZI, NDUZI. Tanga; BAZI. Pinda (Moz); NIPATE. Seychelles; BOETEUR (DU SABLE, NOIR, BLEU, etc.), MARMITE. Mauritius; COUS COUS, DEBOUETTER, BOETEUR. Comores; SOUMPI, SOUMPOUI, DAOU, GOALE. , Rhodes University Libraries (Digitisation)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1960
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