Educated mother-tongue South African English: A corpus approach
- Adendorff, Ralph, de Klerk, Vivian A, de Vos, Mark, Hunt, Sally, Simango, Ronald, Todd, Louise, Niesler, Thomas
- Authors: Adendorff, Ralph , de Klerk, Vivian A , de Vos, Mark , Hunt, Sally , Simango, Ronald , Todd, Louise , Niesler, Thomas
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124352 , vital:35597 , https://doi.org/10.1080/10228190608566261
- Description: South Africa is anecdotally known for its complex system of speech varieties correlating with variables such as ethnicity, first language, class and education. These intuitions (e.g. Lass 1990) require further investigation, especially in the context of a changing South Africa where language variety plays a key role in identifying social, economic and ethnic group membership. Thus, in this research, the extent to which these variables play a role in variety is explored using a corpus approach (the nature of class and race in the corpus is discussed more fully later in the article). The corpus project, focusing primarily on accent, has been undertaken by members of the Department of English Language and Linguistics at Rhodes University in South Africa, collaborating with staff from the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering from Stellenbosch University, South Africa. A corpus (the first of its kind) is being compiled, comprising the speech of educated, white, mother-tongue speakers of South African English (as distinct from Afrikaans English, Indian English, and the second language (L2) varieties of English used by speakers of indigenous African languages), and data collection is well under way. This short article aims to describe the aims of the project, and the methodological approach which underpins it, as well as to highlight some of the more problematic aspects of the research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Adendorff, Ralph , de Klerk, Vivian A , de Vos, Mark , Hunt, Sally , Simango, Ronald , Todd, Louise , Niesler, Thomas
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124352 , vital:35597 , https://doi.org/10.1080/10228190608566261
- Description: South Africa is anecdotally known for its complex system of speech varieties correlating with variables such as ethnicity, first language, class and education. These intuitions (e.g. Lass 1990) require further investigation, especially in the context of a changing South Africa where language variety plays a key role in identifying social, economic and ethnic group membership. Thus, in this research, the extent to which these variables play a role in variety is explored using a corpus approach (the nature of class and race in the corpus is discussed more fully later in the article). The corpus project, focusing primarily on accent, has been undertaken by members of the Department of English Language and Linguistics at Rhodes University in South Africa, collaborating with staff from the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering from Stellenbosch University, South Africa. A corpus (the first of its kind) is being compiled, comprising the speech of educated, white, mother-tongue speakers of South African English (as distinct from Afrikaans English, Indian English, and the second language (L2) varieties of English used by speakers of indigenous African languages), and data collection is well under way. This short article aims to describe the aims of the project, and the methodological approach which underpins it, as well as to highlight some of the more problematic aspects of the research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
Comparative efficiency of immobilized non-transition metal phthalocyanine photosensitizers for the visible light transformation of chlorophenols
- Agboola, Bolade, Ozoemena, Kenneth I, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Agboola, Bolade , Ozoemena, Kenneth I , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/286043 , vital:56233 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2005.12.009"
- Description: Photolysis of aqueous solutions of chlorophenols (4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol and pentachlorophenol) in the presence of immobilized non-transition metal phthalocyanine photosensitizers onto Amberlite® is presented. The photosensitizers studied are: Al (AlOCPc) and Zn (ZnOCPc) octacarboxyphthalocyanines; Al (AlPcS4) and Zn (ZnPcS4) tetrasulfophthalocyanines; sulfonated phthalocyanine complexes (containing mixtures of differently substituted derivatives) of Al (AlPcSmix), Zn (ZnPcSmix), Ge (GePcSmix), Si (SiPcSmix) and Sn (SnPcSmix). Photolysis of the chlorophenols resulted mainly in the formation of chlorobenzoquinone derivatives. The complexes showed order of activity towards the transformation of pentachlorophenol as follows: ZnOCPc > SiPcSmix > SnPcSmix > ZnPcSmix > GePcSmix > ZnPcS4 > AlPcSmix > AlOCPc > AlPcS4. The generation of singlet oxygen (1O2) by these immobilized MPc photosensitizers was found to play a major role in their photoactivities towards the transformation of these chlorophenols. Langmuir–Hinshelwood (L–H) kinetic model studies showed that the ZnOCPc, GePcSmix and ZnPcSmix photocatalysis occurred on the catalysts surface. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Agboola, Bolade , Ozoemena, Kenneth I , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/286043 , vital:56233 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2005.12.009"
- Description: Photolysis of aqueous solutions of chlorophenols (4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol and pentachlorophenol) in the presence of immobilized non-transition metal phthalocyanine photosensitizers onto Amberlite® is presented. The photosensitizers studied are: Al (AlOCPc) and Zn (ZnOCPc) octacarboxyphthalocyanines; Al (AlPcS4) and Zn (ZnPcS4) tetrasulfophthalocyanines; sulfonated phthalocyanine complexes (containing mixtures of differently substituted derivatives) of Al (AlPcSmix), Zn (ZnPcSmix), Ge (GePcSmix), Si (SiPcSmix) and Sn (SnPcSmix). Photolysis of the chlorophenols resulted mainly in the formation of chlorobenzoquinone derivatives. The complexes showed order of activity towards the transformation of pentachlorophenol as follows: ZnOCPc > SiPcSmix > SnPcSmix > ZnPcSmix > GePcSmix > ZnPcS4 > AlPcSmix > AlOCPc > AlPcS4. The generation of singlet oxygen (1O2) by these immobilized MPc photosensitizers was found to play a major role in their photoactivities towards the transformation of these chlorophenols. Langmuir–Hinshelwood (L–H) kinetic model studies showed that the ZnOCPc, GePcSmix and ZnPcSmix photocatalysis occurred on the catalysts surface. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Vice Chancellor New staff welcome address, 2006
- Authors: Badat, Saleem
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Rhodes University
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: vital:7645 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015773
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Badat, Saleem
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Rhodes University
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: vital:7645 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015773
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Site of struggle: the Freedom Park fracas and the divisive legacy of South Africa’s Border War/Liberation Struggle
- Authors: Baines, Gary F
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/126954 , vital:35938 , https://doi.10.1080/02533950903076428
- Description: In South Africa, Carcharias taurus is commonly known as the ragged-tooth shark or raggie. The species is also referred to as the sand-tiger shark in North America and as the grey-nurse shark in Australia. It is a long-lived species with an estimated longevity of up to 40 years (Goldman 2002). Female sharks reach sexual maturity at approximately 10 years (Goldman 2002), and they exhibit a biennial reproductive cycle (Branstetter and Musick 1994, Lucifora et al. 2002, G Cliff, Natal Sharks Board, unpublished data). Intra-uterine cannibalisation results in a maximum fecundity of two pups per litter after a gestation period of approximately 9–12 months (Bass et al. 1975, Gilmore et al. 1983). These life-history characteristics make this species particularly susceptible to overexploitation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Baines, Gary F
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/126954 , vital:35938 , https://doi.10.1080/02533950903076428
- Description: In South Africa, Carcharias taurus is commonly known as the ragged-tooth shark or raggie. The species is also referred to as the sand-tiger shark in North America and as the grey-nurse shark in Australia. It is a long-lived species with an estimated longevity of up to 40 years (Goldman 2002). Female sharks reach sexual maturity at approximately 10 years (Goldman 2002), and they exhibit a biennial reproductive cycle (Branstetter and Musick 1994, Lucifora et al. 2002, G Cliff, Natal Sharks Board, unpublished data). Intra-uterine cannibalisation results in a maximum fecundity of two pups per litter after a gestation period of approximately 9–12 months (Bass et al. 1975, Gilmore et al. 1983). These life-history characteristics make this species particularly susceptible to overexploitation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Alternative media: a viable option for Southern Africa?
- Authors: Banda, Fackson
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: vital:6328 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008473 , https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/145046852.pdf
- Description: preprint , The article attempts a historically and culturally based definition of alternative media. It then gives some case studies to illustrate the efficacy of such media forms, apart from highlighting the problems associated with them. It concludes that alternative media emerge to deal with specific ideological projects and, as such, must be viewed as satisfying a specific need at a specific point in time.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Banda, Fackson
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: vital:6328 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008473 , https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/145046852.pdf
- Description: preprint , The article attempts a historically and culturally based definition of alternative media. It then gives some case studies to illustrate the efficacy of such media forms, apart from highlighting the problems associated with them. It concludes that alternative media emerge to deal with specific ideological projects and, as such, must be viewed as satisfying a specific need at a specific point in time.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Commentary: Negotiating distant influences: globalization and broadcasting policy reforms in Zambia and South Africa
- Authors: Banda, Fackson
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: vital:6325 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008299 , https://doi.org/10.22230/cjc.2006v31n2a1785
- Description: preprint , This commentary looks at the influences of globalisation on broadcasting policy reforms in Zambia and South Africa, with specific focus on such processes as deregulation, privatisation, commercialisation, communitarianism and technological convergence. It concludes that globalisation does not affect southern African countries uniformly; rather, it is refracted in accordance with the different cultural and political experiences of such countries.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Banda, Fackson
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: vital:6325 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008299 , https://doi.org/10.22230/cjc.2006v31n2a1785
- Description: preprint , This commentary looks at the influences of globalisation on broadcasting policy reforms in Zambia and South Africa, with specific focus on such processes as deregulation, privatisation, commercialisation, communitarianism and technological convergence. It concludes that globalisation does not affect southern African countries uniformly; rather, it is refracted in accordance with the different cultural and political experiences of such countries.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Teacher education for Mathematical Literacy: a modelling approach
- Brown, Bruce J L, Schäfer, Marc
- Authors: Brown, Bruce J L , Schäfer, Marc
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141040 , vital:37939 , DOI: 10.4102/pythagoras.v0i64.98
- Description: This paper reports on a study of the extent to which question design affects the solution strategies adopted by children when solving linear number pattern generalisation tasks presented in pictorial and numeric contexts. The research tool comprised a series of 22 pencil-and-paper exercises based on linear generalisation tasks set in both numeric and two-dimensional pictorial contexts. The responses to these linear generalisation questions were classified by means of stage descriptors as well as stage modifiers. The method or strategy adopted was analysed and classified into one of seven categories. In addition, a meta-analysis focused on the formula derived for the nth term in conjunction with its justification. The results of this study strongly support the notion that question design can play a critical role in influencing learners' choice of strategy and level of attainment when solving pattern generalisation tasks. An understanding of the importance of appropriate question design has direct pedagogical application within the context of the mathematics classroom.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Brown, Bruce J L , Schäfer, Marc
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141040 , vital:37939 , DOI: 10.4102/pythagoras.v0i64.98
- Description: This paper reports on a study of the extent to which question design affects the solution strategies adopted by children when solving linear number pattern generalisation tasks presented in pictorial and numeric contexts. The research tool comprised a series of 22 pencil-and-paper exercises based on linear generalisation tasks set in both numeric and two-dimensional pictorial contexts. The responses to these linear generalisation questions were classified by means of stage descriptors as well as stage modifiers. The method or strategy adopted was analysed and classified into one of seven categories. In addition, a meta-analysis focused on the formula derived for the nth term in conjunction with its justification. The results of this study strongly support the notion that question design can play a critical role in influencing learners' choice of strategy and level of attainment when solving pattern generalisation tasks. An understanding of the importance of appropriate question design has direct pedagogical application within the context of the mathematics classroom.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Orthopaedic grade ultra–high molecular weight polyethylene: some features of the main thermoluminescence glow curve
- Authors: Chithambo, Makaiko L
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/125499 , vital:35789 , https://doi.10.1093/rpd/nci661
- Description: Thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics of orthopaedic–grade ultra–high molecular weight polyethylene have been investigated between 20 and 200_C. The TL at 1_C s_1 consists of two glow curves, a weaker intensity peak at 115_C and the main peak at 70_C, studied in this work. TL intensity increases with beta irradiation but with a dose–response influenced by heating rate. On the other hand, the peak maximum is affected by both irradiation and repeated use of a sample. The glow curve shifts to higher temperatures with increase in heating rate but only slightly so with change in beta irradiation dose, properties suggestive of first-order kinetics. Kinetic analysis for activation energy and order of kinetics, based on the discrete trap model, produce somewhat conflicting results. Whereas qualitative analysis of peak symmetry show that first-order kinetics apply, geometrical analysis of the peak shape suggests that the order of kinetics might be other than first-order. Values of activation energy evaluated using the initial rise method were found to be dose dependent and for a given beta dose are in agreement with calculations from peak shape and initial rise methods but less so with results from variable heating rate method.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Chithambo, Makaiko L
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/125499 , vital:35789 , https://doi.10.1093/rpd/nci661
- Description: Thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics of orthopaedic–grade ultra–high molecular weight polyethylene have been investigated between 20 and 200_C. The TL at 1_C s_1 consists of two glow curves, a weaker intensity peak at 115_C and the main peak at 70_C, studied in this work. TL intensity increases with beta irradiation but with a dose–response influenced by heating rate. On the other hand, the peak maximum is affected by both irradiation and repeated use of a sample. The glow curve shifts to higher temperatures with increase in heating rate but only slightly so with change in beta irradiation dose, properties suggestive of first-order kinetics. Kinetic analysis for activation energy and order of kinetics, based on the discrete trap model, produce somewhat conflicting results. Whereas qualitative analysis of peak symmetry show that first-order kinetics apply, geometrical analysis of the peak shape suggests that the order of kinetics might be other than first-order. Values of activation energy evaluated using the initial rise method were found to be dose dependent and for a given beta dose are in agreement with calculations from peak shape and initial rise methods but less so with results from variable heating rate method.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Cultural significance of biodiversity: the role of medicinal plants in urban African cultural practices in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Cocks, Michelle L, Dold, Anthony P
- Authors: Cocks, Michelle L , Dold, Anthony P
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141338 , vital:37963 , DOI: 10.2993/0278-0771(2006)26[60:CSOBTR]2.0.CO;2
- Description: Since the International Convention on Biodiversity in 1992 conservation biologists, ecologists and conservationists have devoted considerable attention to the conservation of biodiversity. With this has come the realization that solutions to biological problems often lie in the mechanisms of social, cultural, and economic systems. This shift has emphasized the relationship between biodiversity and human diversity, or what the Declaration of Belem (1988) calls an “inextricable link” between biological and cultural diversity. The term biocultural diversity was introduced by Posey to describe the concept denoting this link. To date this concept has been used only in reference to “indigenous people” who, as part of their traditional lifestyles, use biodiversity to sustain their cultural identity. Our research, however, demonstrates that Xhosa people (amaXhosa) living in an urban context in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa continue to use wild plants for cultural purposes and often access these through commercial trade. We suggest that recognition of the cultural and spiritual values associated with wild plants would greatly enhance biodiversity conservation efforts. Recognition of the significant role that wild plants play in fulfilling cultural needs for urban Xhosa people would go a long way towards achieving this.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Cocks, Michelle L , Dold, Anthony P
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141338 , vital:37963 , DOI: 10.2993/0278-0771(2006)26[60:CSOBTR]2.0.CO;2
- Description: Since the International Convention on Biodiversity in 1992 conservation biologists, ecologists and conservationists have devoted considerable attention to the conservation of biodiversity. With this has come the realization that solutions to biological problems often lie in the mechanisms of social, cultural, and economic systems. This shift has emphasized the relationship between biodiversity and human diversity, or what the Declaration of Belem (1988) calls an “inextricable link” between biological and cultural diversity. The term biocultural diversity was introduced by Posey to describe the concept denoting this link. To date this concept has been used only in reference to “indigenous people” who, as part of their traditional lifestyles, use biodiversity to sustain their cultural identity. Our research, however, demonstrates that Xhosa people (amaXhosa) living in an urban context in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa continue to use wild plants for cultural purposes and often access these through commercial trade. We suggest that recognition of the cultural and spiritual values associated with wild plants would greatly enhance biodiversity conservation efforts. Recognition of the significant role that wild plants play in fulfilling cultural needs for urban Xhosa people would go a long way towards achieving this.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Izaci namaqhalo esiXhosa: Xhosa idioms and proverbs referring to plants
- Cocks, Michelle L, Dold, Anthony P
- Authors: Cocks, Michelle L , Dold, Anthony P
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141326 , vital:37962 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC112940
- Description: Converging with the ecological extinction crisis, the planet has been experiencing a severe erosion of the diversity of human cultures and languages, reducing the pool of knowledge, behaviors and values from which individual communities and humanity at large can draw to respond to social and environmental stresses.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Cocks, Michelle L , Dold, Anthony P
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141326 , vital:37962 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC112940
- Description: Converging with the ecological extinction crisis, the planet has been experiencing a severe erosion of the diversity of human cultures and languages, reducing the pool of knowledge, behaviors and values from which individual communities and humanity at large can draw to respond to social and environmental stresses.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Mlanjeni's war charms: Ikhubalo likaMlanjeni
- Cocks, Michelle L, Dold, Anthony P
- Authors: Cocks, Michelle L , Dold, Anthony P
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141349 , vital:37964 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC112911
- Description: Most South Africans are familiar with lucky charms such as the four leaved clover of European origin, the Hamsa Hand (Arabic) or Hamesh Hand (Hebrew), the Hindu lucky elephant representing Ganesha, son of Siva, or the African ikhubalo. Amakhubalo refer to charms, often of plant origin, that have magical powers to ward off danger or to bring good luck. Charm plants are used almost everywhere in the Eastern Cape to ensure health, luck and success in sporting events, business, courtship, legal proceedings, safety against accidents and crime and protection against jealousy and sorcery.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Cocks, Michelle L , Dold, Anthony P
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141349 , vital:37964 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC112911
- Description: Most South Africans are familiar with lucky charms such as the four leaved clover of European origin, the Hamsa Hand (Arabic) or Hamesh Hand (Hebrew), the Hindu lucky elephant representing Ganesha, son of Siva, or the African ikhubalo. Amakhubalo refer to charms, often of plant origin, that have magical powers to ward off danger or to bring good luck. Charm plants are used almost everywhere in the Eastern Cape to ensure health, luck and success in sporting events, business, courtship, legal proceedings, safety against accidents and crime and protection against jealousy and sorcery.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Shark fishing effort and catch of the ragged-tooth shark Carcharias taurus in the South African competitive shore-angling fishery
- Dicken, Matthew L, Booth, Anthony J, Smale, Malcolm J
- Authors: Dicken, Matthew L , Booth, Anthony J , Smale, Malcolm J
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/126944 , vital:35937 , https://doi.10.2989/18142320609504209
- Description: In South Africa, Carcharias taurus is commonly known as the ragged-tooth shark or raggie. The species is also referred to as the sand-tiger shark in North America and as the grey-nurse shark in Australia. It is a long-lived species with an estimated longevity of up to 40 years (Goldman 2002). Female sharks reach sexual maturity at approximately 10 years (Goldman 2002), and they exhibit a biennial reproductive cycle (Branstetter and Musick 1994, Lucifora et al. 2002, G Cliff, Natal Sharks Board, unpublished data). Intra-uterine cannibalisation results in a maximum fecundity of two pups per litter after a gestation period of approximately 9–12 months (Bass et al. 1975, Gilmore et al. 1983). These life-history characteristics make this species particularly susceptible to overexploitation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Dicken, Matthew L , Booth, Anthony J , Smale, Malcolm J
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/126944 , vital:35937 , https://doi.10.2989/18142320609504209
- Description: In South Africa, Carcharias taurus is commonly known as the ragged-tooth shark or raggie. The species is also referred to as the sand-tiger shark in North America and as the grey-nurse shark in Australia. It is a long-lived species with an estimated longevity of up to 40 years (Goldman 2002). Female sharks reach sexual maturity at approximately 10 years (Goldman 2002), and they exhibit a biennial reproductive cycle (Branstetter and Musick 1994, Lucifora et al. 2002, G Cliff, Natal Sharks Board, unpublished data). Intra-uterine cannibalisation results in a maximum fecundity of two pups per litter after a gestation period of approximately 9–12 months (Bass et al. 1975, Gilmore et al. 1983). These life-history characteristics make this species particularly susceptible to overexploitation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Spatial and seasonal distribution patterns of the ragged-tooth shark Carcharias taurus along the coast of South Africa
- Dicken, Matthew L, Booth, Anthony J, Smale, Malcolm J
- Authors: Dicken, Matthew L , Booth, Anthony J , Smale, Malcolm J
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/127008 , vital:35943 , https://doi.10.2989/18142320609504210
- Description: Off South Africa, the ragged-tooth shark Carcharias Taurus has been occasionally reported from the West Coast, but it is more commonly found along the East and South coasts from Cape Town to northern KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) (Bass et al. 1975, Smale 2002). Mating is thought to occur off the south coast of KZN from October to late November (G Cliff, Natal Sharks Board, unpublished data). Pregnant females then move northward to spend the early part of their gestation in the warmer waters of northern KZN and possibly southern Moçambique. During July and August, the near-term pregnant females begin to move southwards towards the cooler waters of the Eastern Cape (Wallett 1973, Bass et al. 1975, G Cliff, unpublished data), where they give birth from September to November (Smale 2002). After parturition, many of the females migrate back to KZN. The whereabouts of mature males outside of the mating season is unclear. These broadscale distribution and migratory habits for C. taurus have been inferred from limited catch records obtained for only parts of its range along the South African coast.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Dicken, Matthew L , Booth, Anthony J , Smale, Malcolm J
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/127008 , vital:35943 , https://doi.10.2989/18142320609504210
- Description: Off South Africa, the ragged-tooth shark Carcharias Taurus has been occasionally reported from the West Coast, but it is more commonly found along the East and South coasts from Cape Town to northern KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) (Bass et al. 1975, Smale 2002). Mating is thought to occur off the south coast of KZN from October to late November (G Cliff, Natal Sharks Board, unpublished data). Pregnant females then move northward to spend the early part of their gestation in the warmer waters of northern KZN and possibly southern Moçambique. During July and August, the near-term pregnant females begin to move southwards towards the cooler waters of the Eastern Cape (Wallett 1973, Bass et al. 1975, G Cliff, unpublished data), where they give birth from September to November (Smale 2002). After parturition, many of the females migrate back to KZN. The whereabouts of mature males outside of the mating season is unclear. These broadscale distribution and migratory habits for C. taurus have been inferred from limited catch records obtained for only parts of its range along the South African coast.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Preliminary observations of tag shedding, tag reporting, tag wounds, and tag biofouling for raggedtooth sharks (Carcharias taurus) tagged off the east coast of South Africa
- Dicken, Matthew Laurence, Booth, Anthony J, Smale, Malcolm John
- Authors: Dicken, Matthew Laurence , Booth, Anthony J , Smale, Malcolm John
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/125774 , vital:35816 , https://doi.10.1016/j.icesjms.2006.06.009
- Description: Mark-recapture models do not distinguish how ‘‘deaths’’ accrue to marked animals in the population. If animals lose their tags, then recaptures will be fewer than expected and estimates of survival will be underestimated (Arnason and Mills, 1981; McDonald et al., 2003). Similarly, if the non-reporting rate is unknown and assumed to be negligible, as is the case in some tagging studies (e.g. Cliff et al., 1996, for white sharks Carcharodon carcharias), the probability of capture can be underestimated. The effects of both these problems, inherent in cooperative tagging programmes, lead to too few tagged fish being recovered, with a positive bias on the estimation of population size. These effects are most pronounced when capture probability is low and fewer tags are available for recapture (McDonald et al., 2003).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Dicken, Matthew Laurence , Booth, Anthony J , Smale, Malcolm John
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/125774 , vital:35816 , https://doi.10.1016/j.icesjms.2006.06.009
- Description: Mark-recapture models do not distinguish how ‘‘deaths’’ accrue to marked animals in the population. If animals lose their tags, then recaptures will be fewer than expected and estimates of survival will be underestimated (Arnason and Mills, 1981; McDonald et al., 2003). Similarly, if the non-reporting rate is unknown and assumed to be negligible, as is the case in some tagging studies (e.g. Cliff et al., 1996, for white sharks Carcharodon carcharias), the probability of capture can be underestimated. The effects of both these problems, inherent in cooperative tagging programmes, lead to too few tagged fish being recovered, with a positive bias on the estimation of population size. These effects are most pronounced when capture probability is low and fewer tags are available for recapture (McDonald et al., 2003).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Application of reverse-flow micellar electrokinetic chromatography for the simultaneous determination of flavonols and terpene trilactones in Ginkgo biloba dosage forms
- Dubber, Mary-Jean, Kanfer, Isadore
- Authors: Dubber, Mary-Jean , Kanfer, Isadore
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6357 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006049
- Description:
A reverse-flow micellar electrokinetic chromatographic (RF-MEKC) method was developed for the simultaneous qualitative determination of 10 components consisting of the flavonol glycosides, rutin and quercitrin, the flavonol aglycones, isorhamnetin, kaempferol and quercetin, the terpene trilactones, ginkgolides A, B, C and J and the sesquiterpene, bilobalide. This method was used to fingerprint Ginkgo biloba solid oral dosage forms and validated for the quantitation of the marker compounds, rutin and quercetin in some commercial products. In addition to the usual variables, the influence of some essential background electrolyte (BGE) components such as sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and
-cyclodextrin concentrations were investigated. A polyimide fused-silica square capillary column (75 μm I.D. × 360 μm O.D.) with a total length of 60.0 cm and effective length of 45.0 cm was used for the separation. The final BGE consisted of 20 mM phosphoric acid, 40 mM SDS and 12 mM -cyclodextrin (pH 2.2) using reverse polarity with a voltage of −17.5 kV. Samples were injected electrokinetically at −5 kV for 3 s for the qualitative analysis and hydrodynamically at 20 mbar for 0.6 s for the quantitative assay. The total run time was 22 min and the limits of detection were 3.13 μg/ml and 1.88 μg/ml for rutin and quercetin, respectively. Fingerprint profiles of the solid oral dosage forms and the results of the quantitative analysis indicated that there were major discrepancies in the marker content between products and illustrates the value of this method for use as a procedure to assess product quality of commercially available Ginkgo biloba products. - Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Dubber, Mary-Jean , Kanfer, Isadore
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6357 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006049
- Description:
A reverse-flow micellar electrokinetic chromatographic (RF-MEKC) method was developed for the simultaneous qualitative determination of 10 components consisting of the flavonol glycosides, rutin and quercitrin, the flavonol aglycones, isorhamnetin, kaempferol and quercetin, the terpene trilactones, ginkgolides A, B, C and J and the sesquiterpene, bilobalide. This method was used to fingerprint Ginkgo biloba solid oral dosage forms and validated for the quantitation of the marker compounds, rutin and quercetin in some commercial products. In addition to the usual variables, the influence of some essential background electrolyte (BGE) components such as sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and
-cyclodextrin concentrations were investigated. A polyimide fused-silica square capillary column (75 μm I.D. × 360 μm O.D.) with a total length of 60.0 cm and effective length of 45.0 cm was used for the separation. The final BGE consisted of 20 mM phosphoric acid, 40 mM SDS and 12 mM -cyclodextrin (pH 2.2) using reverse polarity with a voltage of −17.5 kV. Samples were injected electrokinetically at −5 kV for 3 s for the qualitative analysis and hydrodynamically at 20 mbar for 0.6 s for the quantitative assay. The total run time was 22 min and the limits of detection were 3.13 μg/ml and 1.88 μg/ml for rutin and quercetin, respectively. Fingerprint profiles of the solid oral dosage forms and the results of the quantitative analysis indicated that there were major discrepancies in the marker content between products and illustrates the value of this method for use as a procedure to assess product quality of commercially available Ginkgo biloba products. - Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
The Karoo igneous province:
- Duncan, Andrew R, Marsh, Julian S
- Authors: Duncan, Andrew R , Marsh, Julian S
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/145156 , vital:38413 , ISBN 9781919908779
- Description: The Karoo igneous province.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Duncan, Andrew R , Marsh, Julian S
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/145156 , vital:38413 , ISBN 9781919908779
- Description: The Karoo igneous province.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Spatial description of hake-directed fishing activity off the west coast of South Africa
- Fairweather, T P, Booth, Anthony J, Sauer, Warwick H H, Leslie, R W
- Authors: Fairweather, T P , Booth, Anthony J , Sauer, Warwick H H , Leslie, R W
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/127031 , vital:35945 , https://doi.10.2989/18142320609504129
- Description: Historically, the two species of Cape hakes Merluccius capensis and M. paradoxus off South Africa were commercially exploited exclusively by demersal trawling. In 1994, hake-directed demersal longline was introduced on an experimental basis, and in 1998 was initiated as a commercial fishing sector. The effect of a combined fleet composed of both trawlers and longliners on the Cape hake resource is not fully understood. Analysis of fishing intensity and catch-rate data revealed that the highest catch rates were found around the 400m and 500m isobaths for the trawl and longline fisheries respectively. Catch rates from both fishing sectors were also noted to be higher over sediments with a sand component. Differences between areas of the highest fishing intensity and highest catch rates were noted. In addition to other factors, it is suggested that a ‘friction of distance’ effect applies — vessels will trade-off higher catch rates with the increased costs associated with fishing in deeper waters.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Fairweather, T P , Booth, Anthony J , Sauer, Warwick H H , Leslie, R W
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/127031 , vital:35945 , https://doi.10.2989/18142320609504129
- Description: Historically, the two species of Cape hakes Merluccius capensis and M. paradoxus off South Africa were commercially exploited exclusively by demersal trawling. In 1994, hake-directed demersal longline was introduced on an experimental basis, and in 1998 was initiated as a commercial fishing sector. The effect of a combined fleet composed of both trawlers and longliners on the Cape hake resource is not fully understood. Analysis of fishing intensity and catch-rate data revealed that the highest catch rates were found around the 400m and 500m isobaths for the trawl and longline fisheries respectively. Catch rates from both fishing sectors were also noted to be higher over sediments with a sand component. Differences between areas of the highest fishing intensity and highest catch rates were noted. In addition to other factors, it is suggested that a ‘friction of distance’ effect applies — vessels will trade-off higher catch rates with the increased costs associated with fishing in deeper waters.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Indicators of sustainable fishing for South African sardine Sardinops sagax and anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus
- Fairweather, T P, Van der Lingen, C D, Booth, Anthony J, Drapeau, L, Van Der Westhuizen, J J
- Authors: Fairweather, T P , Van der Lingen, C D , Booth, Anthony J , Drapeau, L , Van Der Westhuizen, J J
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124778 , vital:35691 , https://doi.10.2989/18142320609504215
- Description: Six indicators were investigated for South African sardine Sardinops sagax and anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus: mean length of catch, length-at-50% maturity, total mortality, exploitation rate, ratio of bycatch, and centre of gravity of commercial catches. Sardine length-at-50% maturity is the most promising as a descriptive indicator because it is positively correlated with population size for an extensive time period (1953–2005). The remaining indicators were limited by shorter data-series (1984–2005). However, mean length of catch, ratio of bycatch and exploitation rate were found to be useful when considered in conjunction with other indicators. The centre of gravity of commercial sardine catches has shown a significant eastward shift from the West Coast, whereas that of anchovy has remained off that coast. Ratio of bycatch indicates that school composition is a reliable descriptive indicator of relative abundance in the two species. Fewer indicators for anchovy were useful, which is attributed to this species’ flexible life-history pattern.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Fairweather, T P , Van der Lingen, C D , Booth, Anthony J , Drapeau, L , Van Der Westhuizen, J J
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124778 , vital:35691 , https://doi.10.2989/18142320609504215
- Description: Six indicators were investigated for South African sardine Sardinops sagax and anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus: mean length of catch, length-at-50% maturity, total mortality, exploitation rate, ratio of bycatch, and centre of gravity of commercial catches. Sardine length-at-50% maturity is the most promising as a descriptive indicator because it is positively correlated with population size for an extensive time period (1953–2005). The remaining indicators were limited by shorter data-series (1984–2005). However, mean length of catch, ratio of bycatch and exploitation rate were found to be useful when considered in conjunction with other indicators. The centre of gravity of commercial sardine catches has shown a significant eastward shift from the West Coast, whereas that of anchovy has remained off that coast. Ratio of bycatch indicates that school composition is a reliable descriptive indicator of relative abundance in the two species. Fewer indicators for anchovy were useful, which is attributed to this species’ flexible life-history pattern.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
The importance of phytoplankton size in mediating trophic interactions within the plankton of a southern African estuary
- Authors: Froneman, P William
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6928 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011944
- Description: The influence of the phytoplankton size composition in mediating the trophic interactions between the bacteria, phytoplankton, microheterotrophs (<200 μm) and mesozooplankton (>200 μm) was investigated on three occasions in a warm temperate, temporarily open/closed estuary situated along the southern African coastline. Results of the investigation indicated that the microheterotrophs represented the most important consumers of bacteria and chlorophyll (chl)-a <5.0 μm. The low impact of the mesozooplankton on the bacteria and chl-a <5.0 μm during the study appeared to be related to the inability of the larger zooplankton to feed efficiently on small particles. During those periods when total chl-a concentration was dominated by picophytoplankton (<2.0 μm) and microphytoplankton (>20 μm), mesozooplankton were unable to feed efficiently on the chl-a due to feeding constraints. In response to the unfavorable size structure of the phytoplankton assemblages, mesozooplankton appeared to consume the microheterotrophs. The negative impact of the mesozooplankton on the microheterotrophs resulted in a decrease in the impact of these organisms on the bacteria and the chl-a <5.0 μm. This result is consistent with the predator-prey cascades. On the other hand, when the total chl-a was dominated by nanophytoplankton (2–20 μm), mesozooplankton were able to feed directly on the phytoplankton. Results of the study indicate that size structure of the phytoplankton assemblages within estuaries plays an important role in mediating the trophic interactions between the various components of the plankton food web.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Froneman, P William
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6928 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011944
- Description: The influence of the phytoplankton size composition in mediating the trophic interactions between the bacteria, phytoplankton, microheterotrophs (<200 μm) and mesozooplankton (>200 μm) was investigated on three occasions in a warm temperate, temporarily open/closed estuary situated along the southern African coastline. Results of the investigation indicated that the microheterotrophs represented the most important consumers of bacteria and chlorophyll (chl)-a <5.0 μm. The low impact of the mesozooplankton on the bacteria and chl-a <5.0 μm during the study appeared to be related to the inability of the larger zooplankton to feed efficiently on small particles. During those periods when total chl-a concentration was dominated by picophytoplankton (<2.0 μm) and microphytoplankton (>20 μm), mesozooplankton were unable to feed efficiently on the chl-a due to feeding constraints. In response to the unfavorable size structure of the phytoplankton assemblages, mesozooplankton appeared to consume the microheterotrophs. The negative impact of the mesozooplankton on the microheterotrophs resulted in a decrease in the impact of these organisms on the bacteria and the chl-a <5.0 μm. This result is consistent with the predator-prey cascades. On the other hand, when the total chl-a was dominated by nanophytoplankton (2–20 μm), mesozooplankton were able to feed directly on the phytoplankton. Results of the study indicate that size structure of the phytoplankton assemblages within estuaries plays an important role in mediating the trophic interactions between the various components of the plankton food web.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Confession and public life in post‐apartheid South Africa: A Foucauldian reading of Antjie Krog's country of my skull
- Authors: Garman, Anthea
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/159724 , vital:40337 , DOI: 10.1080/02564710608530406
- Description: Truth commissions around the world have given the technique of confession a new public currency and political power. Many works of literature thematising these commissions have also adopted the technique of confession for literary purposes. In this paper I bring Foucault's understanding of the technique of confession, and his discourse on the role of public intellectuals in modernity, to bear upon an examination of Antjie Krog's literary reflection of the work of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), entitled Country of My Skull (1998). I look at how this text, and Krog's subsequent public intellectual status as a witness of the TRC, perpetuate the technique of confession without problematising it in ways that Foucault's work would suggest is necessary.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Garman, Anthea
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/159724 , vital:40337 , DOI: 10.1080/02564710608530406
- Description: Truth commissions around the world have given the technique of confession a new public currency and political power. Many works of literature thematising these commissions have also adopted the technique of confession for literary purposes. In this paper I bring Foucault's understanding of the technique of confession, and his discourse on the role of public intellectuals in modernity, to bear upon an examination of Antjie Krog's literary reflection of the work of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), entitled Country of My Skull (1998). I look at how this text, and Krog's subsequent public intellectual status as a witness of the TRC, perpetuate the technique of confession without problematising it in ways that Foucault's work would suggest is necessary.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006