Feeding ecology of the cichlid fish Sarotherodon Mossambicus in Lake Sibaya, KwaZulu
- Authors: Bowen, Stephen H
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Cichlids -- Ecology , Fishes -- Ecology -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal -- Sibaya, Lake
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5837 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009688 , Cichlids -- Ecology , Fishes -- Ecology -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal -- Sibaya, Lake
- Description: The feeding of the cichlid fish Sarotherodon mossambicus in Lake Sibaya, KwaZulu, was studied in relation to various biotic and abiotic features of the l ake environment from January, 1973 to July, 1975. The primary goal of the study was to determine the cause of stunting and poor condition of adults in this population. Juvenile and adult S. mossambicus feed on a mixture of detritus, bacteria and diatoms that occurs as a flocculent layer on sand substrates throughout the lake. Concentrated gastric acid, commonly at pH values of 1.5 and lower, lyses diatoms and bacteria which are subsequently digested in the intestine. This is the first report of digestion of bacteria by a fish, and the nutritional significance of the finding is discussed. Juveniles feed predominantly on shallow sand terraces found along the margin of much of the lake, while adults usually feed in offshore waters at depths of 3 m and greater. Benthic floc from feeding areas of juveniles and adults have similar concentrations of organic matter, total carbohydrate, soluble carbohydrate and calories, but differ markedly in respect to diatom and protein concentration. Diatom concentrations are generally high in terrace floc but are consistently low in floc from deep water. Protein concentration of benthic floc decreases with increasing depth from 0 - 5 m. Partial correlation analysis shows that protein and diatom concentrations have no correlation independent. of their common relationship to depth, and the evidence implicates detrital bacteria as the primary source of protein in benthic floc. Probable causes of the observed distributions of diatoms and protein are discussed. The protein content of benthic floc profoundly influences its nutritional value. A comparison with available data on animal nutrition shows that the ratio of digestible protein to digestible energy in floc in the shallows is high enough that this food resource would be expected to support good growth, but the ratio for deep water floc is so low that it would be expected to result in conspicuous malnutrition. Thus, inadequate dietary protein is identified as the principal cause of stunting and poor condition of adult S· mossambicus in Lake Sibaya; It is argued that the ratio of digestible protein to digestible calories can be expected to determine the food value of particulate organic matter that includes amorphous detritus in other ecosystems. Despite stunting and poor condition of adults, S. mossambicus are abundant in Lake Sibaya. The precocious breeding of this population is discussed as an adaptation that allows it to maximize reproductive output given the limited resources available to adults. Juvenile S. mossambicus perform daily movements from deep water onto the terraces where they feed and then back into deep water. During periods of relatively low lake level when terrace waters were usually less than 1.5 m deep (1-73 to 1-74), juveniles were present on the terrace throughout daylight hours. At relatively high lake levels (7-74 to 8-75), juveniles were present on the terraces for only about five hours following sunset. Periods of heavy wave action interrupt feeding activity and result in reduced numbers of fish in terrace waters. The possible roles of predator avoidance and temperature in determination of daily feeding behavior are discussed. Daily energy assimilation by juveniles, estimated by a field technique, is approximately 115 cal per g fish dry weight.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Bowen, Stephen H
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Cichlids -- Ecology , Fishes -- Ecology -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal -- Sibaya, Lake
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5837 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009688 , Cichlids -- Ecology , Fishes -- Ecology -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal -- Sibaya, Lake
- Description: The feeding of the cichlid fish Sarotherodon mossambicus in Lake Sibaya, KwaZulu, was studied in relation to various biotic and abiotic features of the l ake environment from January, 1973 to July, 1975. The primary goal of the study was to determine the cause of stunting and poor condition of adults in this population. Juvenile and adult S. mossambicus feed on a mixture of detritus, bacteria and diatoms that occurs as a flocculent layer on sand substrates throughout the lake. Concentrated gastric acid, commonly at pH values of 1.5 and lower, lyses diatoms and bacteria which are subsequently digested in the intestine. This is the first report of digestion of bacteria by a fish, and the nutritional significance of the finding is discussed. Juveniles feed predominantly on shallow sand terraces found along the margin of much of the lake, while adults usually feed in offshore waters at depths of 3 m and greater. Benthic floc from feeding areas of juveniles and adults have similar concentrations of organic matter, total carbohydrate, soluble carbohydrate and calories, but differ markedly in respect to diatom and protein concentration. Diatom concentrations are generally high in terrace floc but are consistently low in floc from deep water. Protein concentration of benthic floc decreases with increasing depth from 0 - 5 m. Partial correlation analysis shows that protein and diatom concentrations have no correlation independent. of their common relationship to depth, and the evidence implicates detrital bacteria as the primary source of protein in benthic floc. Probable causes of the observed distributions of diatoms and protein are discussed. The protein content of benthic floc profoundly influences its nutritional value. A comparison with available data on animal nutrition shows that the ratio of digestible protein to digestible energy in floc in the shallows is high enough that this food resource would be expected to support good growth, but the ratio for deep water floc is so low that it would be expected to result in conspicuous malnutrition. Thus, inadequate dietary protein is identified as the principal cause of stunting and poor condition of adult S· mossambicus in Lake Sibaya; It is argued that the ratio of digestible protein to digestible calories can be expected to determine the food value of particulate organic matter that includes amorphous detritus in other ecosystems. Despite stunting and poor condition of adults, S. mossambicus are abundant in Lake Sibaya. The precocious breeding of this population is discussed as an adaptation that allows it to maximize reproductive output given the limited resources available to adults. Juvenile S. mossambicus perform daily movements from deep water onto the terraces where they feed and then back into deep water. During periods of relatively low lake level when terrace waters were usually less than 1.5 m deep (1-73 to 1-74), juveniles were present on the terrace throughout daylight hours. At relatively high lake levels (7-74 to 8-75), juveniles were present on the terraces for only about five hours following sunset. Periods of heavy wave action interrupt feeding activity and result in reduced numbers of fish in terrace waters. The possible roles of predator avoidance and temperature in determination of daily feeding behavior are discussed. Daily energy assimilation by juveniles, estimated by a field technique, is approximately 115 cal per g fish dry weight.
- Full Text:
5-hydroxytryptamine and sexual behaviour in rhesus monkeys
- Authors: Gradwell, Peter Bertram
- Date: 1976
- Subjects: Rhesus monkey -- Behavior Sexual behavior in animals
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3210 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012086
- Description: Selective inhibition of 5-hydroxytryptamine by parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA) is able to restore sexual receptivity in female rhesus monkeys made unreceptive by bilateral adrenalectomy. PCPA in the doses used reduces the levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) in the cerebrospinal fluid to 40 per cent of the normal oestradioltreated condition. Both the increased sexual receptivity and the lowered 5HIAA levels "in the CSF are in turn reversed by 5-hydroxytryptophal (5HTP), the irrmediate precursor of 5HT and the substance whose synthesis is inhibited by PCPA. 5HTP on its own reduces sexual receptivity and increases 5HIAA levels in the CSF of ovariectomised, oestradiol-treated (but otherwise intact) female rhesus monkeys. A substance other than an adrenal androgen has therefore been shown to restore sexual receptivity in adrenalectomised female monkeys . Testosterone propionate and oestradiol benzoate both lower the turnover rates of 5HT in the brains of ovariectomised female monkeys, as measured by the 2 hour probenecid test. Taken together, these findings suggest that adrenal androgens could act on specific sites in the female monkey brain via 5HT-containing neural systems, to control (or at least influence) sexual receptivity. All the results of administering oestradiol to ovariectomised monkeys in these experiments are consistent with the established roles of this hormone in female sexual attractiveness and in the gonadotrophin- controlling systems of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis. In contrast to these findings on 5HT and sexual receptivity in female monkeys, no clear role for 5HT- containing neural systems could be demonstrated in the grooming, aggressive or social behaviours of female monkeys. No clear role for 5HT could be demonstrated in the refractory period following ejaculation in male monkeys , or when testosterone replacement is given to castrated male monkeys.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Gradwell, Peter Bertram
- Date: 1976
- Subjects: Rhesus monkey -- Behavior Sexual behavior in animals
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3210 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012086
- Description: Selective inhibition of 5-hydroxytryptamine by parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA) is able to restore sexual receptivity in female rhesus monkeys made unreceptive by bilateral adrenalectomy. PCPA in the doses used reduces the levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) in the cerebrospinal fluid to 40 per cent of the normal oestradioltreated condition. Both the increased sexual receptivity and the lowered 5HIAA levels "in the CSF are in turn reversed by 5-hydroxytryptophal (5HTP), the irrmediate precursor of 5HT and the substance whose synthesis is inhibited by PCPA. 5HTP on its own reduces sexual receptivity and increases 5HIAA levels in the CSF of ovariectomised, oestradiol-treated (but otherwise intact) female rhesus monkeys. A substance other than an adrenal androgen has therefore been shown to restore sexual receptivity in adrenalectomised female monkeys . Testosterone propionate and oestradiol benzoate both lower the turnover rates of 5HT in the brains of ovariectomised female monkeys, as measured by the 2 hour probenecid test. Taken together, these findings suggest that adrenal androgens could act on specific sites in the female monkey brain via 5HT-containing neural systems, to control (or at least influence) sexual receptivity. All the results of administering oestradiol to ovariectomised monkeys in these experiments are consistent with the established roles of this hormone in female sexual attractiveness and in the gonadotrophin- controlling systems of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis. In contrast to these findings on 5HT and sexual receptivity in female monkeys, no clear role for 5HT- containing neural systems could be demonstrated in the grooming, aggressive or social behaviours of female monkeys. No clear role for 5HT could be demonstrated in the refractory period following ejaculation in male monkeys , or when testosterone replacement is given to castrated male monkeys.
- Full Text:
A 22 GHz radio telescope
- Authors: Mutch, Laurence Ian
- Date: 1976
- Subjects: Radio telescopes , Paraboloid , Radio astronomy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5532 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012919
- Description: This thesis reports on the design, construction, testing and operation of the spectral line and continuum receivers built for the 22 GHz Radio Telescope. First results from 'the telescope were obtained and have been analysed to give an estimate of system efficiency. Tests have been performed on the front end and in particular on the 22 GHz mixer in order to determine the minimum detectable temperature. The Sun, Moon and major planets are sources suitable for antenna alignment and consequently a literature survey of emission at 22 GHz from elements of the Solar system has been made.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mutch, Laurence Ian
- Date: 1976
- Subjects: Radio telescopes , Paraboloid , Radio astronomy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5532 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012919
- Description: This thesis reports on the design, construction, testing and operation of the spectral line and continuum receivers built for the 22 GHz Radio Telescope. First results from 'the telescope were obtained and have been analysed to give an estimate of system efficiency. Tests have been performed on the front end and in particular on the 22 GHz mixer in order to determine the minimum detectable temperature. The Sun, Moon and major planets are sources suitable for antenna alignment and consequently a literature survey of emission at 22 GHz from elements of the Solar system has been made.
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A comparative Rorschach study of some responses of Schizophrenic and non-Schizophrenic Nguni female subjects
- Authors: Melane, Nompumelelo Popana
- Date: 1976
- Subjects: Rorschach Test , Schizophrenia -- Social aspects , Schizophrenia -- Treatment , Psychoanalysis -- Social aspects , Nguni (African people) -- Psychology , Women -- Mental health
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3216 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012873
- Description: Observation of the frequency with which major decisions on issues affecting psychiatric patients were decided on material elicited from techniques like the Rorschach stimulated the investigation of the applicability of this technique to African patients. The nosological group chosen for this study was the schizophrenic group. Scrutiny into the literature revealed great diversity in conceptions of the etiology of the schizophrenic condition. To handle this material it was necessary to adopt a modification of the framework used in Friedman and Kaplan (1974). Having gone into the models on etiology it was evident that consistency was only possible in the realm of symptoms and diagnosis and the definition of schizophrenia as a group of psychotic disorders characterised by gross distortions of reality : the disorganisation and fragmentation of perception, thought and emotion and withdrawal from social interaction, was adopted. With this preconceived idea of schizophrenia three hypotheses were formulated to test the diagnostic utility of the Rorschach with Nguni schizophrenic female subjects. Summary, p. 104.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Melane, Nompumelelo Popana
- Date: 1976
- Subjects: Rorschach Test , Schizophrenia -- Social aspects , Schizophrenia -- Treatment , Psychoanalysis -- Social aspects , Nguni (African people) -- Psychology , Women -- Mental health
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3216 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012873
- Description: Observation of the frequency with which major decisions on issues affecting psychiatric patients were decided on material elicited from techniques like the Rorschach stimulated the investigation of the applicability of this technique to African patients. The nosological group chosen for this study was the schizophrenic group. Scrutiny into the literature revealed great diversity in conceptions of the etiology of the schizophrenic condition. To handle this material it was necessary to adopt a modification of the framework used in Friedman and Kaplan (1974). Having gone into the models on etiology it was evident that consistency was only possible in the realm of symptoms and diagnosis and the definition of schizophrenia as a group of psychotic disorders characterised by gross distortions of reality : the disorganisation and fragmentation of perception, thought and emotion and withdrawal from social interaction, was adopted. With this preconceived idea of schizophrenia three hypotheses were formulated to test the diagnostic utility of the Rorschach with Nguni schizophrenic female subjects. Summary, p. 104.
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A comparative study of the vocational interests of black and white school-leaving boys in South Africa
- Authors: Breger, Richard Allen
- Date: 1976
- Subjects: Vocational interests -- South Africa , Vocational interests -- Cross-cultural studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3200 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009692 , Vocational interests -- South Africa , Vocational interests -- Cross-cultural studies
- Description: This is an exploratory study to compare the vocational interests of Black and White school-leaving boys in South Africa. The aim of the study is, first, to test the hypothesis that the samples hold similar stereotypes of vocations and that they structure interest fields in a similar way; and, second. to test the hypothesis that the vocational interests of the samples are different. The samples comprise four hundred and ten matriculants from schools in Johannesburg and Soweto. The methodological requirements for conducting cross-cultural research are adhered to as far is practically possible. The main findings provide general support for the hypotheses. It is found that the Black and White samples have similar vocational stereotypes and that they structure interest fields similarly, and in a way which closely approximates the reported structures characteristically found in Western culture. The Black and White samples differ in their vocational interests, although there are also similarities.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Breger, Richard Allen
- Date: 1976
- Subjects: Vocational interests -- South Africa , Vocational interests -- Cross-cultural studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3200 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009692 , Vocational interests -- South Africa , Vocational interests -- Cross-cultural studies
- Description: This is an exploratory study to compare the vocational interests of Black and White school-leaving boys in South Africa. The aim of the study is, first, to test the hypothesis that the samples hold similar stereotypes of vocations and that they structure interest fields in a similar way; and, second. to test the hypothesis that the vocational interests of the samples are different. The samples comprise four hundred and ten matriculants from schools in Johannesburg and Soweto. The methodological requirements for conducting cross-cultural research are adhered to as far is practically possible. The main findings provide general support for the hypotheses. It is found that the Black and White samples have similar vocational stereotypes and that they structure interest fields similarly, and in a way which closely approximates the reported structures characteristically found in Western culture. The Black and White samples differ in their vocational interests, although there are also similarities.
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A critical investigation of the role of the textbook in the teaching of English grammar (first language, higher grade) in the contemporary Cape senior school
- Authors: Venter, Malcolm Gordon
- Date: 1976
- Subjects: English language -- Study and teaching -- Textbooks , English language -- Textbooks -- Evaluation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2383 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013355
- Full Text:
- Authors: Venter, Malcolm Gordon
- Date: 1976
- Subjects: English language -- Study and teaching -- Textbooks , English language -- Textbooks -- Evaluation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2383 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013355
- Full Text:
A study of factors affecting precision in atomic absorption spectrometry
- Roos, Johannes Tielman Hofmeyr
- Authors: Roos, Johannes Tielman Hofmeyr
- Date: 1976
- Subjects: Atomic absorption spectroscopy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4490 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013080
- Description: 1. The effect of deviations from Beer's law on the precision of atomic absorption analysis has been examined from a theoretical point of view, and a function has been derived which makes it possible to evaluate quantitatively the effect of calibration curvature on the precision of analysis. The influence of incomplete sample volatilization on calibration curvature has been briefly investigated. 2. Possible error sources in atomic absorption spectrometry have been classified according to the "error function" (i.e., the dependence, upon transmittance T, of the uncertainty dT in a given transmittance measurement) with which they are associated. The magnitude of the contribution from each component function to the overall error function has been evaluated quantitatively, and it has been shown that the major component in nearly every case examined is that associated with the dynamic nature of the flame. Concentration ranges for optimum precision are suggested. 3. The effect of varying instrumental parameters on precision has been investigated, and generalized conditions for best precision have been ascertained. 4. The effect of an initial solvent extraction step on the precision of atomic absorption has been investigated for the elements copper and lead. It is shown that solvent extraction may be used to improve both the analytical sensitivity and the precision of analysis when very low concentrations of metal are determined. 5. The precision of analytical methods involving atomic absorption spectrometry has been studied, and the standard deviations compared with those obtained for the analysis of similar samples by means of a variety of other methods of analysis, both instrumental and classical.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Roos, Johannes Tielman Hofmeyr
- Date: 1976
- Subjects: Atomic absorption spectroscopy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4490 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013080
- Description: 1. The effect of deviations from Beer's law on the precision of atomic absorption analysis has been examined from a theoretical point of view, and a function has been derived which makes it possible to evaluate quantitatively the effect of calibration curvature on the precision of analysis. The influence of incomplete sample volatilization on calibration curvature has been briefly investigated. 2. Possible error sources in atomic absorption spectrometry have been classified according to the "error function" (i.e., the dependence, upon transmittance T, of the uncertainty dT in a given transmittance measurement) with which they are associated. The magnitude of the contribution from each component function to the overall error function has been evaluated quantitatively, and it has been shown that the major component in nearly every case examined is that associated with the dynamic nature of the flame. Concentration ranges for optimum precision are suggested. 3. The effect of varying instrumental parameters on precision has been investigated, and generalized conditions for best precision have been ascertained. 4. The effect of an initial solvent extraction step on the precision of atomic absorption has been investigated for the elements copper and lead. It is shown that solvent extraction may be used to improve both the analytical sensitivity and the precision of analysis when very low concentrations of metal are determined. 5. The precision of analytical methods involving atomic absorption spectrometry has been studied, and the standard deviations compared with those obtained for the analysis of similar samples by means of a variety of other methods of analysis, both instrumental and classical.
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Agnation, alternative structures, and the individual in Chopi society
- Authors: Webster, D J
- Date: 1976
- Subjects: Chopi (African people) , Ethnology -- Mozambique
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2122 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013288
- Full Text:
- Authors: Webster, D J
- Date: 1976
- Subjects: Chopi (African people) , Ethnology -- Mozambique
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2122 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013288
- Full Text:
An account and explanation of the increased role played by women in the modern Olympic games 1896-1972
- Authors: Handley, Bridget Mary
- Date: 1976
- Subjects: Olympics -- History , Sports for women -- History , Women Olympic athletes
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:5150 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012149 , Olympics -- History , Sports for women -- History , Women Olympic athletes
- Description: This thesis is concerned with the participation of women and girls in the Olympic Games. In these days of women's liberation it seemed appropriate to try to put together the knowledge available about women competitors and their participation in the Olympics. I have tried to set out an overall view with some historical background and then an account leading up to the initial and continuing participation of women in the Games and showing the reasons for the slow beginning and the gradual increase in numbers of competitors and sports. I have also tried to evaluate some well known myths and misconceptions concerning participation and made an attempt with the use of research data to disprove many of these.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Handley, Bridget Mary
- Date: 1976
- Subjects: Olympics -- History , Sports for women -- History , Women Olympic athletes
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:5150 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012149 , Olympics -- History , Sports for women -- History , Women Olympic athletes
- Description: This thesis is concerned with the participation of women and girls in the Olympic Games. In these days of women's liberation it seemed appropriate to try to put together the knowledge available about women competitors and their participation in the Olympics. I have tried to set out an overall view with some historical background and then an account leading up to the initial and continuing participation of women in the Games and showing the reasons for the slow beginning and the gradual increase in numbers of competitors and sports. I have also tried to evaluate some well known myths and misconceptions concerning participation and made an attempt with the use of research data to disprove many of these.
- Full Text:
Art and the Odyssey : the exploration into the Homeric poems, in particular the Odyssey, as symbolic of artistic experience
- Authors: Siopis, Penelope
- Date: 1976
- Subjects: Homer. Odyssey , Mythology, Greek, in art , Odysseus (Greek mythology) in art
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: vital:2500 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013392
- Full Text:
- Authors: Siopis, Penelope
- Date: 1976
- Subjects: Homer. Odyssey , Mythology, Greek, in art , Odysseus (Greek mythology) in art
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: vital:2500 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013392
- Full Text:
Aspects of the feeding ecology of three common Sparid fish in the littoral zone at Clayton's Rocks in the Eastern Cape, with notes on their biology
- Authors: Christensen, Mikkel S
- Date: 1976
- Subjects: Sparidae -- Physiology , Sparidae -- Ecology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5356 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1010476 , Sparidae -- Physiology , Sparidae -- Ecology
- Description: The feeding interrelationships of three sparid fish was studied in the littoral zone during low tide at Clayton's Rocks in the Eastern Cape. The three species appeared in the study area only when between 9 and 10 mm long (SL), and remained resident until a length of approximately 120 fmm was reached. No sexually mature specimens occurred in the study area as large adults only use the intertidal zone for feeding purposes at high tide. From first recruitment into the littoral zone at 9 mm SL until some 35 mm long, the diet of Diplodus sargus consists of harpacticoid copepods and amphipods. Ingestion of amphipods and green algae increases with increased size of fish. Chironomid larvae, cirripede nauplii and an unidentifiable planktonic larva are important food items of small juveniles ( 50 mm), while diatoms are significant in larger juveniles (25 to 80 mm) in the spring/early summer season. The gut is short and the teeth are incisiform, backed by several rows of molars which increase in size and number with age. D.cervinus was almost completely carnivorous in the size range studied. The juveniles found on harpacticoid copepods and chironomid larvae while between 10 and 20 mm long. The diet then consists mainly of the shrimp Palaemon pacificus until the fish are 50 mm long and then amphipods until 100 mm long. All fish larger than this feed prodominantly on polychaetes. The gut is short and the teeth are similar to those of Q. sargus although there are fewer molars. From its first appearance at 10 mm, Sarpa salpa feeds mainly on harpacticoid copepods until 25 mm long. Diatoms then predominate in the diet, red algae also being taken until 75 mm long. Larger size classes are herbivores, feeding almost equally on red and green algae. Corresponding changes in gut length and dentition are reported, juveniles having a short gut and conical teeth and adults a long intestine and cuspidate, incisiform teeth. Marked ecological separation was observed between the three species. Spatial, temporal , behavioural and dietary differences were found . Q. sargus has continuous recruitment of juveniles into the littoral zone, S..salpa appears between July and early September and Q.cervinus is recruited from late September to November. Competition between small juveniles is reduced by cyclic abundances of food items important to each species and the sub-adults feed on different foods. Some competition exists between large juveniles of Q. sargus and Q.cervinus, but separation is maintained as individuals of the two species feed at different levels of the water column and in different parts of the littoral zone.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Christensen, Mikkel S
- Date: 1976
- Subjects: Sparidae -- Physiology , Sparidae -- Ecology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5356 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1010476 , Sparidae -- Physiology , Sparidae -- Ecology
- Description: The feeding interrelationships of three sparid fish was studied in the littoral zone during low tide at Clayton's Rocks in the Eastern Cape. The three species appeared in the study area only when between 9 and 10 mm long (SL), and remained resident until a length of approximately 120 fmm was reached. No sexually mature specimens occurred in the study area as large adults only use the intertidal zone for feeding purposes at high tide. From first recruitment into the littoral zone at 9 mm SL until some 35 mm long, the diet of Diplodus sargus consists of harpacticoid copepods and amphipods. Ingestion of amphipods and green algae increases with increased size of fish. Chironomid larvae, cirripede nauplii and an unidentifiable planktonic larva are important food items of small juveniles ( 50 mm), while diatoms are significant in larger juveniles (25 to 80 mm) in the spring/early summer season. The gut is short and the teeth are incisiform, backed by several rows of molars which increase in size and number with age. D.cervinus was almost completely carnivorous in the size range studied. The juveniles found on harpacticoid copepods and chironomid larvae while between 10 and 20 mm long. The diet then consists mainly of the shrimp Palaemon pacificus until the fish are 50 mm long and then amphipods until 100 mm long. All fish larger than this feed prodominantly on polychaetes. The gut is short and the teeth are similar to those of Q. sargus although there are fewer molars. From its first appearance at 10 mm, Sarpa salpa feeds mainly on harpacticoid copepods until 25 mm long. Diatoms then predominate in the diet, red algae also being taken until 75 mm long. Larger size classes are herbivores, feeding almost equally on red and green algae. Corresponding changes in gut length and dentition are reported, juveniles having a short gut and conical teeth and adults a long intestine and cuspidate, incisiform teeth. Marked ecological separation was observed between the three species. Spatial, temporal , behavioural and dietary differences were found . Q. sargus has continuous recruitment of juveniles into the littoral zone, S..salpa appears between July and early September and Q.cervinus is recruited from late September to November. Competition between small juveniles is reduced by cyclic abundances of food items important to each species and the sub-adults feed on different foods. Some competition exists between large juveniles of Q. sargus and Q.cervinus, but separation is maintained as individuals of the two species feed at different levels of the water column and in different parts of the littoral zone.
- Full Text:
Aspects of the geochemistry of the Karroo dolerites and basalts of the north-eastern Cape
- Authors: Robey, Julian van Aardt
- Date: 1976
- Subjects: Diabase -- South Africa -- Cape of Good Hope , Basalt -- South Africa -- Cape of Good Hope , Geochemistry -- South Africa -- Cape of Good Hope
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5060 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013070
- Description: The Birds River Gabbro Complex is intruded into sediments of the Karroo Stormberg Group in the area SW of Dordrecht in the northeastern Cape. A geochemical investigation, restricted to the igneous rock suite, gabbro-ferrogabbro-ferrotholeiite, presents new major-element data as well as data for twelve trace elements - Ba, Sr, Rb, Zr, Y, Nb , Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, V and Cr. The strong degree of differentiation of Kokstad-type tholeiitic magma in the Birds River intrusion, as noted by previous investigators, is revealed in variation diagrams in which data are plotted against a simple index of fractionation. Later differentiates are strongly enriched in Si, Ti, Fe, Na, K, P, Ba, Rb, Zr, Y, Nb, Zn and Cu but depleted in Mg, Ca, AI, Ni, Co and Cr. Extreme differentiation resulted in a strong depletion of Ti, Fe, P, Cu and V in the most highly evolved ferrotholeiites. Field evidence suggests the initial emplacement of strongly fractionated magmatic residua derived from fractional crystallization processes in a magma chamber at depth during cauldron subsidence of a mass of sediments within an annular fracture. These porphyritic, in part glassy, ferrotholeiites are enriched in Si, Na, K, Ba, Zr, Rb, Y, Nb and Zn and were engulfed by a later episode of renewed hypabyssal intrusive activity from the original source area. The younger gabbro was emplaced in a series of closely-spaced heaves or pulses of relatively undifferentiated Kokstad-type magma. The gabbro differentiated in place to form ferrogabbros which chemically closely approximate ferrotholeiite compositions. toidal facies. Residual liquids crystallized as a pegmatoidal facies. A simple fractional crystallization path, modelled on the assumption that the gabbro and ferrotholeiite form a continuous series, indicates that the least evolved ferrotholeiite can be derived from the initial gabbro composition by the fractionation of major amounts of plagioclase and pyroxene but lesser amounts of olivine. Crystallization and removal of magnetite and other Fe-oxides were relatively more important during the later stages of differentiation. The variation of major- and trace-elements in tholeiitic Karroo magma under conditions of strong differentiation at Birds River serves as a framework for the regional study of the geochemistry of other Karroo dolerites and volcanics of the north-eastern Cape. New geochemical data are presented for a sample of thirty chilled and coarse-grained Karroo dolerites collected throughout the north eastern Cape. For the most part, the chilled dolerites are relatively undifferentiated and the average composition differs only slightly from that determined by Walker and Poldervaart (1949). Variation diagrams reveal the steady increase in Si, Al, Ca, Na, K and P and the residual trace elements Ba, Zr, Rb, Y, Nb and Zn with increasing differentiation of the dolerites from more basic types. The concentrations of K, Ba and Rb are highly variable in some Karroo dolerites while new data suggest that Nb levels in the dolerites are low, being generally less than 10 ppm. The strong variation of the K-related elements (K, Ba and Rb) as well as the large ranges determined for certain inter-element ratios, such as K/Rb, Zr/Nb and K/Zr in the chilled Karroo dolerites, suggest that factors other than fractional crystallization processes need to be considered to account for individual variations. Little correlation exists between petrographic type as defined by Walker and Poldervaart (1949) and geochemical character. New geochemical data are also presented for ten Karroo basaltic lavas from the lowermost horizons of the lava sequence exposed in the Barkly East area. Major- and trace-element data indicate that these earliest Karroo extrusives are on average enriched in Si and Rb but depleted in Co and Ni when compared with the averaged chilled Karroo dolerite. Compared with basalts from Lesotho, the Barkly East basalts are enriched in Si but depleted in Ni and possibly Nb, Cu and V. The andesite is markedly enriched in Si, Na, K, Ba, Sr, Rb, Zr and Nb but depleted in Mg, Ca, V, Ni , Cu, Co and Cr. The subdued rate of Ni depletion and the absence of olivine as a major phenocryst phase in the series basalt to andesite, in the Barkly East area, suggests that differentiation trends may be controlled by the fractional crystallization of orthopyroxene and plagioclase, the two common phenocrysts present in these volcanics. The strong depletion of V and Cu in the andesite may indicate some magnetite removal during fractional crystallization.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Robey, Julian van Aardt
- Date: 1976
- Subjects: Diabase -- South Africa -- Cape of Good Hope , Basalt -- South Africa -- Cape of Good Hope , Geochemistry -- South Africa -- Cape of Good Hope
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5060 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013070
- Description: The Birds River Gabbro Complex is intruded into sediments of the Karroo Stormberg Group in the area SW of Dordrecht in the northeastern Cape. A geochemical investigation, restricted to the igneous rock suite, gabbro-ferrogabbro-ferrotholeiite, presents new major-element data as well as data for twelve trace elements - Ba, Sr, Rb, Zr, Y, Nb , Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, V and Cr. The strong degree of differentiation of Kokstad-type tholeiitic magma in the Birds River intrusion, as noted by previous investigators, is revealed in variation diagrams in which data are plotted against a simple index of fractionation. Later differentiates are strongly enriched in Si, Ti, Fe, Na, K, P, Ba, Rb, Zr, Y, Nb, Zn and Cu but depleted in Mg, Ca, AI, Ni, Co and Cr. Extreme differentiation resulted in a strong depletion of Ti, Fe, P, Cu and V in the most highly evolved ferrotholeiites. Field evidence suggests the initial emplacement of strongly fractionated magmatic residua derived from fractional crystallization processes in a magma chamber at depth during cauldron subsidence of a mass of sediments within an annular fracture. These porphyritic, in part glassy, ferrotholeiites are enriched in Si, Na, K, Ba, Zr, Rb, Y, Nb and Zn and were engulfed by a later episode of renewed hypabyssal intrusive activity from the original source area. The younger gabbro was emplaced in a series of closely-spaced heaves or pulses of relatively undifferentiated Kokstad-type magma. The gabbro differentiated in place to form ferrogabbros which chemically closely approximate ferrotholeiite compositions. toidal facies. Residual liquids crystallized as a pegmatoidal facies. A simple fractional crystallization path, modelled on the assumption that the gabbro and ferrotholeiite form a continuous series, indicates that the least evolved ferrotholeiite can be derived from the initial gabbro composition by the fractionation of major amounts of plagioclase and pyroxene but lesser amounts of olivine. Crystallization and removal of magnetite and other Fe-oxides were relatively more important during the later stages of differentiation. The variation of major- and trace-elements in tholeiitic Karroo magma under conditions of strong differentiation at Birds River serves as a framework for the regional study of the geochemistry of other Karroo dolerites and volcanics of the north-eastern Cape. New geochemical data are presented for a sample of thirty chilled and coarse-grained Karroo dolerites collected throughout the north eastern Cape. For the most part, the chilled dolerites are relatively undifferentiated and the average composition differs only slightly from that determined by Walker and Poldervaart (1949). Variation diagrams reveal the steady increase in Si, Al, Ca, Na, K and P and the residual trace elements Ba, Zr, Rb, Y, Nb and Zn with increasing differentiation of the dolerites from more basic types. The concentrations of K, Ba and Rb are highly variable in some Karroo dolerites while new data suggest that Nb levels in the dolerites are low, being generally less than 10 ppm. The strong variation of the K-related elements (K, Ba and Rb) as well as the large ranges determined for certain inter-element ratios, such as K/Rb, Zr/Nb and K/Zr in the chilled Karroo dolerites, suggest that factors other than fractional crystallization processes need to be considered to account for individual variations. Little correlation exists between petrographic type as defined by Walker and Poldervaart (1949) and geochemical character. New geochemical data are also presented for ten Karroo basaltic lavas from the lowermost horizons of the lava sequence exposed in the Barkly East area. Major- and trace-element data indicate that these earliest Karroo extrusives are on average enriched in Si and Rb but depleted in Co and Ni when compared with the averaged chilled Karroo dolerite. Compared with basalts from Lesotho, the Barkly East basalts are enriched in Si but depleted in Ni and possibly Nb, Cu and V. The andesite is markedly enriched in Si, Na, K, Ba, Sr, Rb, Zr and Nb but depleted in Mg, Ca, V, Ni , Cu, Co and Cr. The subdued rate of Ni depletion and the absence of olivine as a major phenocryst phase in the series basalt to andesite, in the Barkly East area, suggests that differentiation trends may be controlled by the fractional crystallization of orthopyroxene and plagioclase, the two common phenocrysts present in these volcanics. The strong depletion of V and Cu in the andesite may indicate some magnetite removal during fractional crystallization.
- Full Text:
Aspects of the woman in art
- Authors: Loubser, Annette
- Date: 1976
- Subjects: Women in art
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: vital:2485 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012784
- Description: Woman has been depicted in all mediums throughout the ages, although her image and content have always taken on varying interpretations. Beauty has always been epitomized in the human figure - from an inexhaustible longing for perfection. Naturally her feminineaspects and her unconscious awareness of the rythms of nature made her central to the making of myths. She was depended upon as the Earth Mother - the creator and preserver of the species. And her mysteries reverberated throughout the ages. The discovery of the earliest Aurignacian Head (20,000 B.C) [Fig. 2] reiterates this. She is not only woman but also prophetess. Chap. 1, p. 2.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Loubser, Annette
- Date: 1976
- Subjects: Women in art
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: vital:2485 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012784
- Description: Woman has been depicted in all mediums throughout the ages, although her image and content have always taken on varying interpretations. Beauty has always been epitomized in the human figure - from an inexhaustible longing for perfection. Naturally her feminineaspects and her unconscious awareness of the rythms of nature made her central to the making of myths. She was depended upon as the Earth Mother - the creator and preserver of the species. And her mysteries reverberated throughout the ages. The discovery of the earliest Aurignacian Head (20,000 B.C) [Fig. 2] reiterates this. She is not only woman but also prophetess. Chap. 1, p. 2.
- Full Text:
Bacterial degradation of the acaricide amitraz
- Authors: Baker, Penelope Bridget
- Date: 1976
- Subjects: Acaricides , Biodegradation , Gas chromatography , Bacteriology -- Cultures and culture media
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4099 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009498
- Description: This thesis describes dip tank field trials and laboratory investigations on the acaricide Amitraz. Amitraz is a triazapenta- diene compound which is relatively unstable in fouled dip washes. The field trials were conducted on the farm Sea View according to the "Total Replacement Method" and on the farm Sea Ways according to the "Lime Stabilization Method" of dipping. The results of these trials showed that Amitraz was stable in clean dip washes, and under conditions of high pH resulting from the addition of slaked lime to the dip wash. Using mixed bacterial populations optimum conditions for degradation of Amitraz in the laboratory were determined. Bacterial cultures degraded Amitraz most efficiently in media supplemented with yeast extract or with a high content of sterile cattle faeces. Amitraz concentrations were determined by gas chromatography. A culture. efficient at degrading Amitraz was enriched from a dip tank sludge inoculum. From this culture ten bacterial isolates were identified; nine of these were of the genus Pseudomonas and one was an Achromobacter sp. Experiments with both mixed and pure cultures demonstrated that bacterial degradation of Amitraz was by the process of co-metabolism. The existence of four degradation products was shown using thin layer chromatography. Tentative identification of two of the products was made.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Baker, Penelope Bridget
- Date: 1976
- Subjects: Acaricides , Biodegradation , Gas chromatography , Bacteriology -- Cultures and culture media
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4099 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009498
- Description: This thesis describes dip tank field trials and laboratory investigations on the acaricide Amitraz. Amitraz is a triazapenta- diene compound which is relatively unstable in fouled dip washes. The field trials were conducted on the farm Sea View according to the "Total Replacement Method" and on the farm Sea Ways according to the "Lime Stabilization Method" of dipping. The results of these trials showed that Amitraz was stable in clean dip washes, and under conditions of high pH resulting from the addition of slaked lime to the dip wash. Using mixed bacterial populations optimum conditions for degradation of Amitraz in the laboratory were determined. Bacterial cultures degraded Amitraz most efficiently in media supplemented with yeast extract or with a high content of sterile cattle faeces. Amitraz concentrations were determined by gas chromatography. A culture. efficient at degrading Amitraz was enriched from a dip tank sludge inoculum. From this culture ten bacterial isolates were identified; nine of these were of the genus Pseudomonas and one was an Achromobacter sp. Experiments with both mixed and pure cultures demonstrated that bacterial degradation of Amitraz was by the process of co-metabolism. The existence of four degradation products was shown using thin layer chromatography. Tentative identification of two of the products was made.
- Full Text:
Brian Bradshaw
- Authors: Hogge, Rosemary
- Date: 1976
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2506 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016168
- Description: One assumes that Brian Bradshaw's career in art had been decided upon at an early age, but in fact it was not so. After he had attended the Canon Slade Grammar School in Bolton, his father suggested various options, some of them interesting, like becoming a veterinary surgeon, but that was rejected because although the boy liked 'putting things right' he didn't savour 'cutting things up'. For the same reason he couldn't follow the family tradition on his mother's side and become a doctor. Nor was his wish to become a sea-captain treated with any seriousness, although he thinks with nostalgia of life at sea; and he is pleased he didn't take up forestry because, although he loves the land and admires the art of designing the great gardens and parks which surrounded the Georgian and Regency houses of the 18th Century, he is appalled by the artificial mess they're making of the land now. So in that interim period before being conscripted, they suggested at home that he spend a few months at the Bolton Municipal School of Art under the guidance of Mr. John R. Gauld, and so his course was set for the future. He studied there for three years and was successful in obtaining the "drawing" and "pictorial design" certificates of the Ministry of Education, before joining His Majesty's Forces in 1942.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Hogge, Rosemary
- Date: 1976
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2506 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016168
- Description: One assumes that Brian Bradshaw's career in art had been decided upon at an early age, but in fact it was not so. After he had attended the Canon Slade Grammar School in Bolton, his father suggested various options, some of them interesting, like becoming a veterinary surgeon, but that was rejected because although the boy liked 'putting things right' he didn't savour 'cutting things up'. For the same reason he couldn't follow the family tradition on his mother's side and become a doctor. Nor was his wish to become a sea-captain treated with any seriousness, although he thinks with nostalgia of life at sea; and he is pleased he didn't take up forestry because, although he loves the land and admires the art of designing the great gardens and parks which surrounded the Georgian and Regency houses of the 18th Century, he is appalled by the artificial mess they're making of the land now. So in that interim period before being conscripted, they suggested at home that he spend a few months at the Bolton Municipal School of Art under the guidance of Mr. John R. Gauld, and so his course was set for the future. He studied there for three years and was successful in obtaining the "drawing" and "pictorial design" certificates of the Ministry of Education, before joining His Majesty's Forces in 1942.
- Full Text:
Changes in the aerobic saprophytic microbial flora during biltong production with special reference to the micrococcaceae
- Authors: Taylor, M B
- Date: 1976
- Subjects: Micrococcaceae , Saprophytism
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4120 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013308
- Description: Ninety-four presumptive Micrococcus and Staphylococcus strains isolated from both commercial beef biltong and game biltong, were identified using a scheme based on the system used by Baird-Parker. The changes occurring in both the aerobic, saprophytic microbial flora and the environmental factors, during conversion of beef to biltong, were examined. The predominantly Gram-negative, halo-sensitive flora initially present on the meat, was replaced by Gram-positive, halo-tolerant staphylococci and micrococci, which form the dominant component of the microflora of the final product. This replacement was attributed to changing environmental factors, principally to the increasing sodium chloride concentration and associated decline in water activity. The presence of the antifungal antibiotic, pimaricin, during processing did not influence the bacterial flora of the product. However, the addition of potassium sorbate altered the microbial profile of the product significantly. The presence of these two preservatives, at the concentrations used, could not be detected organoleptically. The importance of the saprophytic microflora of the product ln relation to the environmental factors during processing, is also discussed.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Taylor, M B
- Date: 1976
- Subjects: Micrococcaceae , Saprophytism
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4120 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013308
- Description: Ninety-four presumptive Micrococcus and Staphylococcus strains isolated from both commercial beef biltong and game biltong, were identified using a scheme based on the system used by Baird-Parker. The changes occurring in both the aerobic, saprophytic microbial flora and the environmental factors, during conversion of beef to biltong, were examined. The predominantly Gram-negative, halo-sensitive flora initially present on the meat, was replaced by Gram-positive, halo-tolerant staphylococci and micrococci, which form the dominant component of the microflora of the final product. This replacement was attributed to changing environmental factors, principally to the increasing sodium chloride concentration and associated decline in water activity. The presence of the antifungal antibiotic, pimaricin, during processing did not influence the bacterial flora of the product. However, the addition of potassium sorbate altered the microbial profile of the product significantly. The presence of these two preservatives, at the concentrations used, could not be detected organoleptically. The importance of the saprophytic microflora of the product ln relation to the environmental factors during processing, is also discussed.
- Full Text:
Distribution of Ca in highly fractionated peralkaline magmas
- Authors: Marsh, Julian S
- Date: 1976
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/132974 , vital:36914 , https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(76)90106-0
- Description: Many peralkaline rhyolites and granites contain less than 0.15 wt.% CaO. In contrast, strongly fractionated peralkaline nepheline syenites and phonolites usually contain greater than 0.5 wt.% CaO. Consideration of known distributions of Ca between crystals and liquid in conjunction with crystal fractionation does not provide an adequate explanation of the contrasting levels of Ca depletion observed. Examination of the suites of late-crystallizing accessory phases in peralkaline rocks suggests that Ca is more soluble in undersaturated magmas than in over-saturated magmas. Activities for CaO in silicic and phonolitic rocks are calculated and the latter have higher CaO activities than the former and this may manifest itself in the different suites of accessory phases and levels of Ca depletion noted in natural rocks.
- Full Text: false
- Authors: Marsh, Julian S
- Date: 1976
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/132974 , vital:36914 , https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(76)90106-0
- Description: Many peralkaline rhyolites and granites contain less than 0.15 wt.% CaO. In contrast, strongly fractionated peralkaline nepheline syenites and phonolites usually contain greater than 0.5 wt.% CaO. Consideration of known distributions of Ca between crystals and liquid in conjunction with crystal fractionation does not provide an adequate explanation of the contrasting levels of Ca depletion observed. Examination of the suites of late-crystallizing accessory phases in peralkaline rocks suggests that Ca is more soluble in undersaturated magmas than in over-saturated magmas. Activities for CaO in silicic and phonolitic rocks are calculated and the latter have higher CaO activities than the former and this may manifest itself in the different suites of accessory phases and levels of Ca depletion noted in natural rocks.
- Full Text: false
Drummer Hodge : the poetry of the Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902)
- Authors: Van Wyk Smith, Malvern
- Date: 1976
- Subjects: War poetry -- History and criticism South African War, 1899-1902 -- Literature and the war South African War, 1899-1902 -- Art and the war
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2252 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003919
- Description: From Preface: This is not a history of the Boer War; nor is it an exclusively literary study of the poetry of that war. If the work that follows has to be defined generically at all, it may be called an exercise in cultural history. It attempts to assess the impact of a particular war on the literary culture, especially the poetry, of both the participants and the observers, whether in South Africa, in Britain and the rest of the English-speaking world, or in Europe. An assumption made throughout this study is that war poetry is not only verse written by men who are or have been under fire. Just as 'War poetry is not to be confused with political, polemical, or patriotic verse, although it can contain elements of all of these, so it is also the work of observers at home as much as that of soldiers at the front. It follows that I have not allowed myself the academic luxury of selecting, on the basis of literary merit only, a handful of outstanding war poems for rigorous analysis and discussion. "Doggerel can express the heart" wrote one of these late-Victorian soldierly versifiers, and I have roamed widely in the attempt to assemble the material which, I believe, records the full range of the impact that the Boer War made not only on Briton and Boer, but on the worId at large. A major thesis of this study is that the Boer War marked the clear emergence of the kind of war poetry which we have come to associate almost exclusively with the First World War. Poems in the style and spirit of "The Charge of the Light Brigade" were written in profusion, but the work which serves as this study's masthead, Hardy's "Drummer Hodge," clearly has --like many of its contemporaries-- more in common with Owen's verse than with Tennyson's. The reasons for the appearance of such poetry are discussed in Chapter 1; the rest of the book provides the evidence of it.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Van Wyk Smith, Malvern
- Date: 1976
- Subjects: War poetry -- History and criticism South African War, 1899-1902 -- Literature and the war South African War, 1899-1902 -- Art and the war
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2252 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003919
- Description: From Preface: This is not a history of the Boer War; nor is it an exclusively literary study of the poetry of that war. If the work that follows has to be defined generically at all, it may be called an exercise in cultural history. It attempts to assess the impact of a particular war on the literary culture, especially the poetry, of both the participants and the observers, whether in South Africa, in Britain and the rest of the English-speaking world, or in Europe. An assumption made throughout this study is that war poetry is not only verse written by men who are or have been under fire. Just as 'War poetry is not to be confused with political, polemical, or patriotic verse, although it can contain elements of all of these, so it is also the work of observers at home as much as that of soldiers at the front. It follows that I have not allowed myself the academic luxury of selecting, on the basis of literary merit only, a handful of outstanding war poems for rigorous analysis and discussion. "Doggerel can express the heart" wrote one of these late-Victorian soldierly versifiers, and I have roamed widely in the attempt to assemble the material which, I believe, records the full range of the impact that the Boer War made not only on Briton and Boer, but on the worId at large. A major thesis of this study is that the Boer War marked the clear emergence of the kind of war poetry which we have come to associate almost exclusively with the First World War. Poems in the style and spirit of "The Charge of the Light Brigade" were written in profusion, but the work which serves as this study's masthead, Hardy's "Drummer Hodge," clearly has --like many of its contemporaries-- more in common with Owen's verse than with Tennyson's. The reasons for the appearance of such poetry are discussed in Chapter 1; the rest of the book provides the evidence of it.
- Full Text:
Farm labour in the Eastern Cape, 1950-1973:
- Authors: Antrobus, Geoffrey G
- Date: 1976
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142850 , vital:38123 , http://opensaldru.uct.ac.za/bitstream/handle/11090/465/1976_antrobus_sflcp20.pdf?sequence=1
- Description: The purpose of this paper is to, survey the farm labour conditions in the Eastern Cape over approximately two decades and to note some of the conditions of service and the attitudes of employers, and the changes which have occurred in employment and wages paid. The main source for the latter period, and in particular 1973, is a farm labour survey conducted in conjunction with E.A. Thomson in the Eastern Cape. The survey relied entirely on the willingness of members of farm study groups and Farmers' Associations as well as interested individuals for its completion. Of the approximately 1020 pre-coded questionnaires which were posted to farmers throughout the Eastern Cape in June 1973, 303 were returned of which 299 were suitable for analysis.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Antrobus, Geoffrey G
- Date: 1976
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142850 , vital:38123 , http://opensaldru.uct.ac.za/bitstream/handle/11090/465/1976_antrobus_sflcp20.pdf?sequence=1
- Description: The purpose of this paper is to, survey the farm labour conditions in the Eastern Cape over approximately two decades and to note some of the conditions of service and the attitudes of employers, and the changes which have occurred in employment and wages paid. The main source for the latter period, and in particular 1973, is a farm labour survey conducted in conjunction with E.A. Thomson in the Eastern Cape. The survey relied entirely on the willingness of members of farm study groups and Farmers' Associations as well as interested individuals for its completion. Of the approximately 1020 pre-coded questionnaires which were posted to farmers throughout the Eastern Cape in June 1973, 303 were returned of which 299 were suitable for analysis.
- Full Text:
From frontier to midlands: a history of the Graaff-Reinet district, 1786-1910
- Authors: Smith, Kenneth Wyndham
- Date: 1976
- Subjects: Graaff-Reinet (South Africa) -- History
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2656 , vital:20313 , ISBN 0949980730
- Description: The study of local history in South Africa is still in its infancy and has not been accorded the same recognition as elsewhere. There is no convenient manual to guide the would-be local historian of the Cape. There are few models that provide an insight into the main problems encountered by the local historian of a Cape community. In such local histories as exist, attention has been focussed predominantly on the foundation and physical growth of towns, the naming of streets, the establishment of schools and hospitals. Many of these accounts were written for publicity purposes or to commemorate the founding of towns. Although there is no history of the Dutch Reformed Church in Graaff-Reinet, the history of local congregations of the Dutch Reformed Church has generally been well covered in the form of Gedenkboeke and other studies. These frequently have a particular relevance as many towns such as Burgersdorp and Colesberg were founded as a result of the initiative of the church. Preface. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Authors: Smith, Kenneth Wyndham
- Date: 1976
- Subjects: Graaff-Reinet (South Africa) -- History
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2656 , vital:20313 , ISBN 0949980730
- Description: The study of local history in South Africa is still in its infancy and has not been accorded the same recognition as elsewhere. There is no convenient manual to guide the would-be local historian of the Cape. There are few models that provide an insight into the main problems encountered by the local historian of a Cape community. In such local histories as exist, attention has been focussed predominantly on the foundation and physical growth of towns, the naming of streets, the establishment of schools and hospitals. Many of these accounts were written for publicity purposes or to commemorate the founding of towns. Although there is no history of the Dutch Reformed Church in Graaff-Reinet, the history of local congregations of the Dutch Reformed Church has generally been well covered in the form of Gedenkboeke and other studies. These frequently have a particular relevance as many towns such as Burgersdorp and Colesberg were founded as a result of the initiative of the church. Preface. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text: