The role of students in internal quality assurance: a case study of Namibian institutions of higher education
- Authors: Nghikembua, Anneli Ndapanda
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Quality assurance , Education, Higher Evaluation , Universities and colleges Accreditation Namibia , Universities and colleges Auditing , Student participation in administration
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/466395 , vital:76724 , DOI htps://doi.org/10.21504/10962/466395
- Description: The interplay of the mechanisms such as globalisation, massification and internationalisation led to higher education systems across the world introducing quality assurance. As systems have massified, student bodies have diversified with the result that the quality of teaching and learning has become increasingly important and has drawn the attention of policy makers and researchers. The Namibian higher education system was no different in heeding the call to develop quality assurance systems. As this happened, calls to involve students in quality assurance because of their roles as “stakeholders” in higher education were also heeded, and in common with institutions in systems across the world, those in Namibia began to include students in governance and quality assurance. Research on student involvement in internal quality assurance with a focus on higher education institutions in Namibia is scarce. This study aims to fill this gap by examining the role of students as stakeholders in the quality of teaching and learning in higher education institutions in three Namibian institutions. Roy Bhaskar’s (1978; 1989) critical realism and Margaret Archer’s (1995; 1996; 2000) social realism were used to build a theoretical framework which allowed for the exploration of students’ involvement in the quality assurance of teaching and learning. Critical and social realism both draw on the idea of a “depth ontology” and acknowledge that what is available to researchers empirically is only part of reality. As a result, critical and social realist researchers aim to move from empirical data to explore a level of reality not directly accessible via the senses. In the study underpinning this thesis, this involved using inference to move from interview data and documents to explore a level of reality from which events and experiences of events (both accessible empirically) emerge. A case study approach was used involving a “cross case” analysis of the three institutions. Questions guiding the study aimed not only to explore ways in which students were, or were not involved, in assuring quality of their education, but also what constrained and enabled involvement. Ultimately the study focused on whether or not their engagement contributed to the enhancement of quality. As all the institutions in the study did allow students to be involved in quality assurance, the question was the extent to which this involvement was “meaningful” in the sense that it could lead to change. Insights derived from the study showed that although students were represented on various governance structures, their experiences were that their contributions to debates and the issues they raised were not heeded. Another significant way in which students were involved in quality assurance was through the provision of feedback on teaching and course design. The investigation showed that, although teaching and learning centres at the three institutions studied did use feedback from students to develop training programmes for academic teachers, feedback was mainly used for instrumental purposes such as personal promotion, an observation which raises questions about the extent to which its elicitation could lead to enhancement. The use of Archer’s social realism allowed for the identification of a number of constraints on the potential of student involvement to contribute to the enhancement of teaching and learning. One such constraint was the hierarchical nature of institutional organisations which led to student comments not always being treated seriously, sometimes because of perceptions of their “immaturity”. Another constraint was related to confused understandings of what constitutes “quality” in policy documents. The study recommends that policies and manuals on student involvement should be designed to provide guidance to staff and students on how they should be involved. There is also a need to train students on their involvement as well as interrogate the student involvement beliefs and practices. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Education, Centre for Higher Education Research, Teaching and Learning, 2024
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- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
The significance of neglected themes in the visual representation of Ulwaluko
- Authors: Nqweniso, Sinazo
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Ulwaluko , Circumcision South Africa , Traditional knowledge , Ethnoscience South Africa , Ceremonial objects , Rites and ceremonies South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/466060 , vital:76681
- Description: This study investigates the significance of the neglected themes in visual representations of the Xhosa (also AmaXhosa) ritual of manhood called ulwaluko. The focus is on attire, cosmetics, language, food, games and music. These themes are part of the various components that constitute ulwaluko as a complex and significant practice amongst the Xhosa people, which comprises layered meanings, activities, and procedures involved in the ritual transformation of males from boyhood to manhood. The neglected themes are imperative in the education and socialisation of Xhosa men, and the formation of their identity and pride. Through ulwaluko, Xhosa men gain significant knowledge about maturity, cultured demeanour, marriage, family, human rights, and domestic and substance abuse. These teachings are essential in educating, shaping and moulding Xhosa men. Throughout the three decades from the 1990s to the 2020s, ulwaluko has suffered a crisis evidenced by injuries and deaths of initiates through careless procedures of circumcision, irresponsible nursing of the initiates and unfavourable conditions where the education of initiates takes place. This crisis has been a burning subject not only for journalists and scholars but also artists and filmmakers. The crisis dominates visual representations of ulwaluko in South African contemporary art. This study argues that even amid fatalities such as pain, injuries and the death of initiates, ulwaluko is still an essential institution that contributes to social practices and the moral fibre of society. Using Afrocentrism and the indigenous knowledge system as theoretical lenses, this study appreciates ulwaluko culture by interpreting researched data from an African-centred perspective. This approach produces African knowledge that recognises the African voice and affirms the centrality of cultural experience. The use of indigenous knowledge is to access the neglected themes in popular knowledge and culture by appreciating the Xhosa ways of knowing, being and understanding in contemporary African society. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Fine Art, 2024
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- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
The spatial extent, practices, and impacts of illegal solid waste dumping across an income gradient in Makhanda and Knysna, South Africa
- Authors: Tombe, Yumunu Chenjerai
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/464875 , vital:76553
- Description: The disposal of household solid waste (HSW) through illegal dumping has become a widespread issue globally, especially in developing countries. The problem has been exacerbated by several factors such as rapid population growth, urbanization, poor infrastructure, poor enforcement of bylaws, mismanagement, poor municipal service delivery, and lack of funding, resulting in most urban residents resorting to illegal solid waste dumping (ISWD). Illegal solid waste dumping by urban residents in most developing countries is becoming a standard occurrence particularly along roadsides, vacant plots, riverbanks, forests edges, and in commonages near and within human settlements. In most South African towns and cities, the practice of ISWD is an immense social, economic, and environmental problem. The practice has led to nationwide environmental pollution and has posed significant socio-economic and health risks to urban residents particularly the urban poor, who reside in areas where ISWD is more pronounced. Studies on ISWD in South Africa are mostly within metropolitans and cities neglecting medium-sized towns like Makhanda and Knysna where such information is needed to improve municipal household solid waste (HSW) management plans and policies. Using street surveys, illegal dumpsite mapping, waste categorization templates, and household survey interviews the study examined the spatial extent, composition, dumpsite sizes, as well as residents’ practices and perceived causes and impacts of ISWD across different income groups in two medium-sized towns of Makhanda and Knysna, South Africa. The results showed that more dumpsites were enumerated in Makhanda (155) than in Knysna (60), however, the occurrence, size and prevalence of illegal dumpsites were unevenly distributed, with most dumpsites being in low-income compared to high-income neighbourhoods. In both towns, most of the dumpsites were within open access areas such as roadsides, vacant plots, and commonages. The composition of waste within dumpsites consisted mostly of household waste (Makhanda = 42% and Knysna = 49%), garden waste (Makhanda = 37% and Knysna = 30%), and construction waste (Makhanda = 21% and Knysna = 21%). More residents in low-income than in high-income neighbourhoods reported dumping, attributing it primarily to poor municipal services (Makhanda= 59% and Knysna= 54%). Within both towns, environmental impacts of ISWD were experienced by residents from both income groups, with over 50% of the respondents citing visual pollution as the most serious impact. The health impacts of ISWD were exclusively reported by low-income residents with over 30% reporting TB and Rashes as the key health impacts. Overall, the research concluded that ISWD distribution, prevalence, dumpsite sizes and impacts were unevenly distributed across low-income and high-income neighbourhoods with the former disproportionately facing v an overall higher occurrence of illegal dumpsites and subsequent health risks. The occurrence of more dumpsites in low-income areas seem to suggest that factors like socio-economic inequalities, historical legacies, lack of education and awareness, and poor municipal services in these areas are at play and need to be addressed to mitigate ISWD. To tackle the problem of ISWD a collaborative approach is recommended, one that incorporates stakeholders, households and municipal efforts and improvements. Such solutions could include improved municipal funding to develop an efficient service delivery system, solid waste awareness campaigns in communities, and provisioning of bins along open access areas. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Environmental Science, 2024
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- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
The spiritual space of Mubende Hill in Uganda: rethinking “awaka w’ensi aw’omweyimirize, Maama Nakayima” as a symbol of ritual and spiritual performance
- Authors: Nalukenge, Claire
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Mubende (Uganda) , Rites and ceremonies Uganda Mubende , Spiritual practice , Ritual objects and ceremonial , Ritual in art , Spirituality in art
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/467050 , vital:76810 , DOI https://doi.org/10.21504/10962/467050
- Description: This doctoral dissertation in art history investigates the dynamic relationships between ritual objects, rituals, spiritual performances, and their representations in specific cultural contexts. The main research question is: How do the ritual objects at Mubende Hill shape and communicate the meanings of the rituals, considering their performative contexts and embodied interactions? This thesis examines the ritual objects at the spiritual space of Mubende Hill in Uganda, which have various meanings and associations for different groups of people. It critically analyses how related objects are interpreted and represented by select Ugandan contemporary artists, including the 2019 history students of Margaret Trowell of Industrial and Fine Arts and the Uganda Museum. The difference between the above components is that the spiritual space, the artists, and the students represent objects as animate, whereas the Museum represents objects as obsolete. The spiritual space of Mubende Hill is a living space where people engage with ritual objects such as calabashes, clay pots, bowls, milk containers, and coffee beans in performative ways. Some of these objects are placed in various partitions of the sacred Omweyimirize tree at the spiritual space, and the objects become efficacious when engaged with through spiritual and ritual performance. In contrast, the Uganda Museum exhibits objects as inanimate, static, and enclosed in glass compartments. As such, the objects are rendered inactive. I examine the way the museum exhibits, frames, and labels these objects, and how this shifts people’s relationships with ritual objects. In contrast, I also analyze how selected Ugandan contemporary artists and the 2019 history students represent similar objects through their artistic practices, thereby opening up the meaning of these objects. This thesis addresses the critical need for a comprehensive reading and representation of objects within their living social and cultural contexts, a focus often overshadowed by museums. In trying to grapple with questions of representations of objects, I employed qualitative research methodologies, including extensive fieldwork, analysis of primary and secondary sources, participant observation, interviews, and photographic documentation The primary information was gathered from individuals at the spiritual space of Mubende Hill, Uganda, specifically the ritual specialists and the Balyammere, select contemporary Ugandan artists, and final year 2019 art history students from the Makerere Art School and select individuals from the Uganda museum. By comparing objects within their original contexts to decontextualized objects in museums and artistic and scholarly representations of objects, I analyze various art historical approaches to objects that grapple with issues of object representation, functionality, purpose, performance, and the movement of objects. I utilize this analysis of objects to critique colonial and contemporary neo-colonial approaches to ritual objects and develop decolonial understandings of objects that are embedded in personal experiences, stories, and narratives of text accompanied with visuals from the Balyammere’s object-ritual and spiritual performances. The study argues that ritual objects possess active agency, extending beyond mere aesthetic appreciation, and they are intertwined within their performative spiritual and cultural contexts. Analyzing these objects and their roles in rituals and spiritual performances allows us to deeply comprehend their meanings and significances as embedded in cultural, spiritual, and social fabrics. The study emphasizes a need for art histories that prioritize African-based scholars at the forefront of knowledge production and appreciate diverse, non-Eurocentric perspectives, suggesting a multidisciplinary approach to understanding art. A deeper understanding of the relationship between objects, rituals, and spiritual performances cannot only expand the knowledge in art history but also suggest alternatives to conventional object perspectives and practices, arguing for a comprehensive, culturally sensitive, and inclusive approach to understanding objects and art within their performative contexts. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Humanities, Fine Art, 2024
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- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
The stock market and the business cycle in South Africa
- Authors: Pokoo, Patience
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Stock exchanges South Africa , Economic activity , Business cycles South Africa , Autoregression (Statistics) , Policymaker , Johannesburg Stock Exchange
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/462801 , vital:76336
- Description: The relationship between the stock market and economic activity has long been a topic for research. Several studies done in both advanced and emerging economies including South Africa before COVID-19 found stock market prices predict the cycle of real economic activity and some found it to be the reversal. Therefore, this Study seeks to examine this topic and will extend beyond the post-covid period exploring the relationship between the stock market (proxied by the JSE All-Share Index) and the business cycle (represented by the Coincident Business Cycle Indicator of the SARB) in South Africa. The study also investigates if the relationship between the stock market and the business cycle is homogenous across the three selected sectors of the JSE using a combination of the “financial accelerator theory”, the “wealth effect theory”, the “traditional valuation model of stock prices”, the “stock prices as aggregators of expectations”, and the “cost of raising equity capital”. The Econometrics models employed include time-series and panel cointegration techniques, relying on the ARDL estimation model and a Granger-Causality Test. The findings of this study indicate that a long-run relationship exists between the stock market and the business cycle in South Africa. The findings support the notion that the stock market predicts economic activity, and this relationship is assumed to be homogenous across the selected Sectors of the JSE (namely, Resources, Financials, and Industrials). Again, the Granger-Causality Test confirms the relationship between the stock market and the business cycle in South Africa to be unidirectional. It is recommended that since the stock market affects South African economic activity positively in the long run which is consistent with findings of similar studies done on the JSE, the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) must strengthen existing policy to ensure financial system stability and sustainable economic growth in South Africa. Again, the stock market being a leading indicator of the business cycle is something different. As a recommendation, we need to look at ways to use the prediction ability in a business setting. Investors and Portfolio Managers can follow trends of the stock market to forecast the direction of the future economy to make educated decisions to hedge their investments and diversify their portfolios against huge losses in crises such as the Financial Crises and the Global Health Crisis (COVID-19), however, with the caveat that the stock market does not always accurately predict the business cycle. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Commerce, Economics and Economic History, 2024
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- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
The sustainability impacts and opportunities of reverse osmosis (RO) plants on the quadruple bottom line perspective: a case of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Authors: Mfihlo, Cwayita
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Saline water conversion Reverse osmosis process , Life cycle assessment , Sustainability , Sustainable development , Social sustainability , Water governance
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/461907 , vital:76250
- Description: Water scarcity is a pressing global issue exacerbated by factors such as population growth, urbanisation, and climate change. This challenge is particularly acute in water-stressed regions where a substantial portion of the world's population resides. Desalination, particularly through reverse osmosis (RO), has emerged as a viable solution to address this demand, providing a stable and high-quality water supply without overburdening natural freshwater ecosystems. This research focuses on the sustainability impacts and opportunities of RO desalination plants, specifically examining the Cerebos SA plant in Gqeberha and the Amatola Water plant at Bushman's River, to provide insights into their environmental, social, economic, and governance impacts and opportunities from a life cycle perspective. In addition to investigate the key sustainability considerations relevant to RO desalination plants to potentially augment available water provision sources in the Eastern Cape. Ten participants were purposively sampled from Ndlambe Municipality, Cerebos S.A, and Amatola Water. Semi-structured interviews and document analysis were used to collect data. The research design was grounded in the post-positivism paradigm, emphasising the incorporation of diverse perspectives and the search for valid and reliable evidence within existing phenomena. Three strategies were used to ensure credibility data for this study, these were triangulation, diverse participant selection, and audio interview transcription using Otter.ai. The results from the research offered valuable insights into the sustainability impacts and opportunities of the RO desalination plants from the Life Cycle perspective, although the respondents demonstrated a clear understanding of sustainability, the concept of QBL was less familiar to many. Furthermore, the respondents unpacked QBL impacts and opportunities from a life cycle perspective and augmentation consideration for RO desalination plants. Key recommendations included conducting thorough environmental impact assessments, transitioning to renewable energy sources, energy recovery systems, inventory management, and enhancing community engagement and workforce training. Despite limitations in scope and participant diversity, the findings fill a gap in the literature, offering valuable insights for stakeholders to enhance water provision sustainability. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Commerce, Rhodes Business School, 2024
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- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
The use of aeration in constructed wetlands and the potential for earthworm and crop production
- Authors: Cesler, Lia
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Constructed wetlands South Africa , Breweries South Africa , Water Purification , Land treatment of wastewater , Sewage Purification Aeration
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/464440 , vital:76511
- Description: Constructed wetlands (CWs) are used in a variety of industries to treat effluent for safe reuse or discharge. They can however take up large areas of land. Adding oxygen can increase treatment efficiency, as it is vital to many nutrient removal pathways, such as nitrification and aerobic respiration. Increasing efficiency can decrease the cost of treatment and reduce land area needed to operate a CW. The study aimed to find the best method of aerating wetlands treating brewery effluent, the potential production of worms and plants in the system and their effects on water treatment. The first experiment tested a hybrid constructed wetland, using small (1.0 m3) ebb and flow filtration additions to a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland against nanobubble aeration in a similar horizontal flow wetland cell. It was not possible to add replicates to the study, but findings prompted further investigation into the hybrid setup. Experiment two focussed on the ebb and flow filters within the hybrid system comparing the presence of plants and worms. The ebb and flow filters increased dissolved oxygen (DO) from an average inflow of 3.89 mg/L to an outflow of 5.70 mg/L and decreased the ammonia content of the effluent from 14.8 mg/L to 11.2 mg/L. Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris) was successfully grown in the system and was found not to affect DO. The addition of both Swiss chard and earthworms (Eisenia fetida) was found to decrease PO43- by 17.69 ± 1.36 %. Experiment 3 compared the previous ebb and flow filters to trickle filters with the addition of celery (Apium graveolens) to both systems to determine which filter treated the effluent more effectively. The ebb and flow filters performed better than the trickle filters, increasing the DO by 37.54 ± 0.06 % compared to 19.22 ± 0.06 %. Celery increased this change in both systems, to 44.16 ± 0.06 % in the ebb and flow filters and 30.96 ± 0.06 % in the trickle filters. The ebb and flow filters were also able to decrease the NH3-N concentration by 36.1 ± 0.2 %. This effluent could sustain plant growth; Swiss chard grew at a rate of 0.04 ± 0.02 g/g/d and celery at 0.2 ± 0.1 g/g/d. Ebb and flow filters are better at aerating brewery effluent and decreasing nutrient load than nanobubble pumps and trickle filters. The addition of ebb and flow filters to the CW treating brewery effluent has the potential to improve nutrient removal and provide an edible crop. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, 2024
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- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
The use of video as a resource for the development of L1 Foundation Phase Literacy in isiXhosa: a digital multimodal discourse approach
- Authors: Schafli, Sasha-Lee
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Xhosa language Study and teaching , Oral reading , Literacy , Functionalism (Linguistics) , Discourse analysis , Educational technology South Africa Eastern Cape , Video recordings in education
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/467105 , vital:76815 , DOI https://doi.org/10.21504/10962/467105
- Description: Videos as a resource for African language L1 literacy development are strikingly absent from the South African school curriculum for the Foundation Phase (Grades 1 to 3). Furthermore, an overall lack of isiXhosa same language subtitling (SLS) practices in South Africa for videos poses questions as to the benefits and challenges of SLS for L1 early grade readers of isiXhosa. The aim of this research was to test, describe and analyse the efficacy of five isiXhosa YouTube story videos with SLS for the development of literacy in isiXhosa at the Grade 2 and 3 L1 levels. In this mixed-methods study, the five videos were exposed to Grade 2 and 3 learners at a school in the Eastern Cape in a quantitative two-group experimental design in a three-month intervention. This was to determine whether video exposure resulted in significant difference for learners' literacy, focusing particularly on word recognition, Oral Reading Fluency (ORF) scores and broad semiotic awareness between the linguistic and visual modes. The five videos were also analysed with a Digital Multimodal Discourse Analysis (DMDA), illustrating potential areas in which these five videos could assist or pose challenges to literacy learning in this context. While learners’ reading scores improved over the three-month intervention, nonparametric t-test results indicate SLS video exposure did not make a significant difference in learners’ reading improvements. Results from both methods were triangulated with cognitive theories of multimodal literacy and Mayer’s principles of learning with multimedia. The analysis highlights that while the videos’ design may be conducive for learning, the subtitle rate in the videos is far greater than the learners’ reading scores in this study or reading speed benchmarks expected of Grade 2 and 3 learners. This can result in these videos being ineffective as a resource to improve literacy in isiXhosa for this level. This research highlights the importance of the integration of multiple methods of analysis for multimodal resources, as well as the importance of subtitle rate as a system within a multimodal analysis for literacy research. Furthermore, Comparative Relations in Intersemiotic Texture is proposed as a useful system for examining learning resources. This research further suggests areas of focus for future video design in potential L1 Foundation Phase literacy resources for isiXhosa and other African languages. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Humanities, Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, 2024
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- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
Thermoluminescence and phototransferred thermoluminescence of annealed α-Al2O3:C
- Authors: Elago, Fiindje Elias Muliokela
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/466688 , vital:76767
- Description: Access restricted. Expected release in 2026. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Physics and Electronics, 2024
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- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
Thermoluminescence and phototransferred thermoluminescence of tanzanite
- Authors: Opoku, Kingsley Acheampong
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Thermoluminescence , Thermoluminescence dosimetry , Tanzanite Thermal properties , Dose–response relationship , Thermal fade , Ionizing radiation
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/464914 , vital:76556
- Description: The thermoluminescence (TL) and phototransferred thermoluminescence (PTTL) properties of tanzanite, an extremely rare gem mineral, have been investigated. While tanzanite shows sensitivity to thermal and optical stimulation of luminescence techniques used for defect probing in insulators, it has received little attention in this regard. A glow curve corresponding to 70 Gy and measured at 1 °C s-1 revealed a high intensity peak at 74 °C (peak I) and two secondary peaks at 138 and 186 °C (peaks II and III). All the peaks exhibit a first order kinetics characteristics, as their positions remained unaffected by changes in either dose or partial heating (𝑇𝑚 − 𝑇𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑝). For variable doses from 10 to 200 Gy, the dose response of each peak is sublinear from the analysis of supralinearity indices. Peak I fades at room temperature when readout is delayed following irradiation, and this loss is due to thermal fading. The secondary peaks do not fade. Various methods of kinetic analysis were used to compute the kinetic parameters. For the respective peaks, the activation energy is about 0.84, 1.00 and 1.19 eV. All the peaks suffer thermal quenching with increasing heating rate. Continuous wave optically stimulated luminescence measurements were conducted to supplement the TL analysis with the aim of evaluating the kinetic parameters activation energy of thermal assistance (𝐸𝑎) and quenching (𝛥𝐸). The OSL source traps are the same as the TL source traps and occur within 40 to 90 °C, 110 to 145 °C and 160 to 220 °C. The kinetic parameter 𝛥𝐸 when luminescence from all the source traps is considered is comparable to that when source traps within 110 to 220 °C are measured and does not depend on the dose (10, 50 or 70Gy). Except for irradiation to 10 Gy, 𝐸𝑎 is also comparable. For traps within 160 to 220 °C, 𝛥𝐸 is comparable for the different doses but higher than that of the other traps, and a similar pattern was observed for 𝐸𝑎. Measurement of the PTTL signal induced by 470 nm blue LEDs following irradiation to 150 Gy and preheating to 158 °C showed that the TL peaks I and II were reproduced under phototransfer. The analysis for order of kinetics and dose response yielded the same results as the convention TL peaks. The model used to describe the PTTL intensity time response profiles shows that the PTTL emanates from a system of one acceptor and three donors, where the latter is a conglomerate of an unknown number of peaks. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Physics and Electronics, 2024
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- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
Togetherness, care and exclusion: adolescents’ experiences of living with a disabled sibling in a South African context
- Authors: Foote, Tamlyn Lou-Ann
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Siblings of people with disabilities South Africa , Interpretative phenomenological analysis , Sibilings Family relationships , Sibilings Psychological aspects , South Africa Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/466995 , vital:76805 , DOI https://doi.org/10.21504/10962/466995
- Description: The importance of the sibling relationship in an individual’s life has been established, and various aspects of siblingship have been studied. Recently researchers have begun to explore what it means to be a sibling and how siblingship is embodied. Where disability is present in the siblingship, however, there is very little literature, particularly in the Global South. This cross-cultural, cross-language, Interpretative Phenomenological study explores how isiXhosa speaking adolescent non-disabled people, living in a socio-economically disadvantaged context in South Africa, experience their lives in relation to their disabled sibling. Through the use of semi-structured interviews and photo-production with 9 isi-xhosa speaking adolescents from a disadvantaged socio-economic context in South Africa, three master themes emerged. Firstly, non-disabled siblings (NDSs) experienced togetherness in their relationships with their disabled brothers/sisters. In their experiences of togetherness, where reciprocity was prominent, they felt a sense of we-ness. In these instances, disability did not play a central role in their relationships. Secondly, NDSs living in disadvantaged socio-economic contexts experienced care in different ways. Some experienced wanting to care and some experienced having to care for their disabled brother or sister. Where care was voluntary it was experienced as an act of love, contributing to their self-esteem or a family value. Where care was experienced as obligatory, NDSs felt lonely and unsupported, and this contributed to ambivalent feelings toward their disabled sibling. Finally, NDSs experienced themselves as outsiders. Experiences of being an outsider sometimes occurred because of their socio-economic status, and sometimes because of experienced stigma related to their sibling’s disability. In both instances this contributed to feelings of inadequacy and exclusion. To overcome these feelings, NDSs focused on becoming successful, wealthy or famous. These findings have important implications in terms of how NDSs may be supported. Furthermore, this study has important methodological implications for using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis in a cross-cultural, cross-language context. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Humanities, Psychology, 2024
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- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
Towards a bacterial biofertiliser for the rehabilitation of disturbed and degraded land
- Authors: Masudi, Wiya Leon
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Biofertilizers , Land degradation , Ecological disturbances , Plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria , Restoration ecology
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/466826 , vital:76790 , DOI https://doi.org/10.21504/10962/466826
- Description: Agriculture, mining, industry, and human activity disturb, degrade, and pollute pristine environments and particularly the soil environment. Excessive land exploitation slows or disrupts the soil potential, rendering it incapable of playing its role leading to land degradation. In the mining sector, specifically coal mining, rehabilitation of disturbed and degraded land involves strategies that include importing topsoil and using fossil fuel-derived fertilisers. Both practices are unsustainable. To address the unsustainability, a myco-phytoremediation technology known as Fungcoal was developed to facilitate successful revegetation of mining-disturbed and degraded land following the bioconversion of waste coal into a soil-like humic-rich substrate. To offset the dependence on chemical-based fertilisers, efforts were/are focussed on finding mutualistic and cost-effective microbial resources with plant growth-promoting (PGP) activity as a bacterial biofertiliser. This study made use of 22 isolated bacteria and the three Fungcoal coal-degrading fungi viz., Aspergillus sp. ECCN 84, Aspergillus sp. ECCN 225 and Penicillium sp. ECCN 243 as the microbial resource. Initially, characterisation of the substrate waste coal and molecular identification of the selected bacterial isolates were carried out. Physicochemical analysis of the low-rank coal (LRC) substrate revealed a pH of 3.60 with background S content equivalent to 7.13 g L-1, N at 20 mg L-1, P at 7.8 mg L-1 and K at 3.3 mg L-1. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis revealed a C and O content of 23.09 and 69.03 wt%, respectively. Metagenomic analysis of the microbial population associated with the LRC substrate showed that among the 96.32% of bacteria, 59.46 to 62.18% belonged to Bacillota (also called Firmicutes), a phylum of largely Gram-positive bacteria, and 33.01 to 35.74% to Pseudomonadota (synonymous with Proteobacteria), a phylum of mostly Gram-negative bacteria. Following purification of the selected bacterial isolates and molecular characterisation by PCR, phylogenetic relatedness to known plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) contained in the GenBank database showed that these bacterial isolates clustered with high bootstrap values to the reference PGPB strains. Only Pseudomonas sp. ECCN 10b (MW672582) was outside of the tree and shared significant similarity (100%) with Pseudomonas fluorescens (CP015638). A biochemical study revealed that the two Proteus sp. strains, Exiguobacterium sp., Enterobacter sp., and Ancylobacter, tolerated high salt and a wide range of temperatures. Bacterial isolates showed a high pH tolerance between 3 and 11, with the best growth at pH around 7. Nine of the identified strains, four Bacillus sp., Exiguobacterium sp., Enterobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., Arthrobacter sp., and Aeromonas sp., were able to grow and increase in a medium containing either glucose, mannitol, sodium L-glutamate, sucrose, or fructose. Growth was highest in media containing either sodium L-glutamate, sucrose, or fructose. All the coal degrading strains and 83% of those isolated from municipal wastewater used more complex carbon sources such as high and LRC. The potential for PGP activity was quantified spectrophotometrically by measuring the production of auxins, as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) equivalents; gibberellins, as gibberellic acid (GA3) equivalents, along with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase and siderophore activity. Additionally, nutrient mobilisation was evaluated by monitoring an ability to mineralise NH4+, PO43−, and K+. Competent PGP strains for the coal degrading isolates included Proteus strain ECCN 20b, Proteus strain ECCN 23b, and Serratia strain ECCN 24b. In response to L-trp supplementation, the concentration of indolic compounds (measured as indole-3-acetic acid) increased. Production of ammonium and solubilisation of insoluble P by these strains was also apparent. Only Serratia strain ECCN 24b could solubilise insoluble K. Production of indoles increased following exposure to increasing aliquots of LRC, suggesting no negative effect of this material on indole production and that these bacteria may possess PGP potential. Of the twelve bacterial strains isolated from wastewater MaB-flocs, three produced indoles, nine mineralised NH4+, seven solubilised P, and one K. Potential of isolated strains for PGP activity according to a one-way ANOVA on ranks was: ECCN 7b > ECCN 4b > ECCN 6b > ECCN 3b = ECCN 10b > ECCN 1b = ECCN 5b > ECCN 8b > ECCN 2b > ECCN 12b > ECCN 9b = ECCN 11b. Further study revealed that cell-free filtrate from indole-producing cultures of Aeromonas strain ECCN 4b, Enterobacter strain ECCN 7b, and Arthrobacter strain ECCN 6b promoted mung bean adventitious root formation. Based on a biochemical study and the outcome of the ranking of bacterial strains according to PGP-like activities, three bacteria, Enterobacter sp., strain ECCN 7b, Proteus sp., strain ECCN 20b and Serratia sp., strain ECCN 24b that showed great mutualistic relationship with the most effective Fungcoal biocatalyst, A. fischeri ECCN 84, were used to prepare a bacterial bio-fertiliser. This consortium grew well in NB supplemented with L-tryptophan and produced indole compounds that could activate the adventitious rooting of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) hypocotyls. Finally, the consortium showed no antibiotic resistance activity; however, they produced better biofertiliser with good responses to root/plant biomass production of the same Fabaceae, mung bean (Vigna radiata L.). The further development of this consortium into a cost-effective, environmentally friendly biofertiliser may help reduce dependence on chemical-based fertilisers and improve the sustainability of Fungcoal and other land rehabilitation strategies. Further studies are therefore underway to investigate in greater detail the PGP activity of these isolates individually and in consortium under field conditions to support the Fungcoal myco-phytoremediation strategy. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, 2024
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- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
Towards a valid Afrikaans-translation of the CASr-SF: a linguistic and cultural transfer
- Authors: Steyn, Constanze
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/465854 , vital:76659
- Description: Globally, and especially in South Africa, we face the reality of linguistic and cultural variation within one nation. Our nation is intricately woven from rich cultural and linguistic threads to create a complex tapestry. It is a beautiful privilege that is, however, not without its obstacles. We often do not have access to psychometric tools that “speak” the language of the respondent that we intend to assess. It is, and should, however, be, our goal to adapt and translate assessments to allow individuals to convey their experience in their language of comfort. This is crucial for psychological assessments' fairness, reliability, validity, and utility. Intimate partner violence (IPV) severely impacts mental health worldwide. An alarming correlation has been found between exposure to IPV and the development of mental health difficulties. In South Africa, IPV is considered a significant public health issue. Even though South Africa has a population of approximately 60,9 million, of whom an estimated 10.6% are Afrikaans-speaking, there is currently no measure exploring the experiences of IPV available in Afrikaans. Having psychological assessments available in Afrikaans is essential in evaluating the psychological experiences of people seeking mental health services in Afrikaans. The Composite Abuse Scale (Revised) – Short Form (CASr-SF) is a self-report questionnaire that measures experiences of IPV across three domains: physical, psychological, and sexual abuse. This study aimed to develop a meaningful and relevant Afrikaans translation of the CASr-SF to improve the linguistic accessibility of the measure and afford more ease to Afrikaans-speaking individuals in sharing experiences of abuse. This study followed a four-step translation design, including forward- and backtranslation, a committee approach, and qualitative piloting through cognitive interviews. Participants in this study included four independent translators who were approached by the researcher directly, according to their respective areas of expertise – linguistics and psychology. In addition, three participants were sourced from the target population through snowball sampling to partake in cognitive interviews as a confirmatory step and to potentially substantiate, expand on, and review results gathered during the first three steps of the translation design. The researcher ii compared, collated, and analysed the data to identify problematic items. The translation team then discussed these items to refine the translation, and items were corrected to develop the final translation of the Composite Abuse Scale (Revised) – Short Form in Afrikaans. The translation is now ready for quantitative piloting, which is currently underway to establish its psychometric properties. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Psychology, 2024
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- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
Trainee psychologists’ experiences of providing psychosocial support to educators during COVID-19 in South Africa
- Authors: Simonse, Allison
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/465831 , vital:76657
- Description: The COVID-19 pandemic adversely affected the school going population in South Africa and Educators in the country were faced with several mental health challenges as a result. These mental health concerns coupled with the reality of living within the confines of a pandemic resulted in the need for psychosocial support. This resulted in formulation of workshops based on the needs of Educators, to be delivered via online means by Rhodes University postgraduate students in 2020 studying towards their Masters in Counselling Psychology. This study makes use of a case study approach to explore and examine the experiences of three of these students, so as to ascertain the implications of working online with groups amidst pandemic conditions. It explores how professional practice and the deployment of Community Psychologies have taken place during this period. Experiences encompassing the personal and professional development that occurred as part of engaging with Community-Based Service Learning during COVID–19 have been collected through the Single Question Inducing Narrative methodology, so as to enable the postgraduate student voice in the context of pandemic conditions to be added to the available literature, in an effort to position the application of Community Psychology critically within the South African context. It is hoped that the data generated from this study might assist in future programme planning and intervention, so as to encourage training standards to remain responsive to the times, whilst seeking insight into how value-laden praxis can be achieved through work at the intersections between theory and practice. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Psychology, 2024
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- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
Ukuma njenge ndoda: the making of Xhosa masculinities in Mthatha, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Silosini, Tandokazi
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/466317 , vital:76717
- Description: This study examines how young men construct their masculine identities in daily life through the collection of activities that happen throughout young men's lives in Mthatha, Eastern Cape. The aim of the research is to examine how black men construct their identity as men. It seeks to examine the everyday ways in which young men speak of their masculinity, how they understand themselves in relation to women and the causes of gender-based and sexual violence in South Africa. The study conceptualises Xhosa masculinities and manhood within the framework of masculinist violence and the state. It demonstrates the intersection of manhood violence and the state within the discipline of international relations which is characterised by ideas of state security and war. Interviews with Xhosa men in Mthatha illuminated that boys are raised to be men who stand, articulated as ukuma njenge ndoda (standing up as a man), for themselves, family and community. Ukuma operates as an assertion and protection of self, a demonstration of independence and being self-sustaining. It importantly speaks to the gendered division of labour where over and above standing up for oneself, it is a man’s duty and responsibility “ukumela izinto zekhaya” – to stand up for his home and family. This thesis shows that the different forms that ukuma carry with them expectations of dominance and control or at least maintain the appearance of it. Ultimately, the concept of ukuma serves as a way to legitimise the use of force or violence in certain instances where men feel that an act of violence constitutes ukuzimela (standing up for himself) or ukumela ikhaya (standing up for his family). The masculinising of this duty implicates not only the men it is bestowed upon the women and children who are the ones supposedly protected and provided for. , Thesis (MSocSci) -- Faculty of Humanities, Political and International Studies, 2024
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- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
Understanding heat energy conservation: using traditional brick making in a Grade 7 Natural Sciences class in a rural school
- Authors: Godlo, Lindiwe Priscilla
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Science Study and teaching (Primary) South Africa , Traditional ecological knowledge South Africa , Social learning South Africa , Ubuntu (Philosophy) , Heat storage , Brickmaking South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/463559 , vital:76420
- Description: Learners seemed to experience cognitive dissonance on the topic of the conservation of heat energy. My assumption is that this might be due to cognitive dissonance or conflict that learners seem to experience in science classrooms. This means the way science teachers teach science does not form part of learners’ contexts and hence has no relevance to them. To ameliorate this dilemma, the South African Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) document requires teachers to integrate indigenous knowledge into science teaching and learning but does not provide explicit methods on how to do it. It is against this backdrop that this study explored how the use of traditional brick making method can support learners to make sense of the topic of conservation of heat energy. Underpinned by the interpretivist and Indigenous research paradigms, a qualitative case study design was employed. Twenty-four Grade 7 Natural Sciences learners, four indigenous knowledge custodians (IKCs) (who were all women), and a critical friend participated in this study. Data sets were generated through several methods: learner group activity; participatory and lesson observations; a sharing circle; and learners’ reflective journals. Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory and Ogunniyi’s Contiguity Argumentative Theory were used as theoretical lenses to analyse data. The findings revealed that during the demonstration by the IKCs, learners were able to identify science concepts related to the conservation of heat energy which means they understood the science concept. Learners’ argumentation and sense-making of the aforementioned topic and related concepts greatly improved. Based on the research findings, I thus recommend that teachers should tap into IKCs’ cultural heritage to contextualise and make science relevant and more meaningful to learners. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, Secondary and Post-School Education, 2024
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- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
Using in silico approaches to ascertain selective novel orthosteric and allosteric inhibitors of plasmodium falciparum Prolyl-tRNA synthetase for the development of antimalarial drugs
- Authors: Ramahala, Rabelani
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/463963 , vital:76461
- Description: Access restricted. Exxpected release in 2026. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Biochemistry, Microbiology & Bioinformatics, 2024
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- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
Using the indigenous technology of organic crop farming to mediate learning in Grade 12 Agricultural Science classes
- Authors: Sheehama, Lydia Ndapandula
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/463614 , vital:76425
- Description: The Namibian Curriculum for Basic Education states clearly that Indigenous Knowledge (IK) should be integrated into science teaching. However, the irony is that it does not give clear pedagogical guidelines on how it should be integrated. The implication is that the curriculum assumes that all teachers are aware of how to integrate IK into their teaching. This assumption has therefore led to little or no integration of IK in many classrooms in Namibia, something which could be in part a contributing factor to poor learners’ academic performance in science subjects and Agricultural Science in particular. This tension in the curriculum plus the apparent gap in the literature regarding the integration of IK has triggered my interest to conduct this interventionist qualitative case study. Essentially, this study aimed to explore affordances and/or hindrances when using the indigenous technology of organic crop farming to mediate learning in Grade 12 Agricultural Science classes in peri-urban schools in the Oshana region in Namibia. The study was underpinned by the interpretivist and Ubuntu paradigms. Vygotsky’s (1978) socio-cultural theory and Shulman’s (1986) pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) framework were used as lenses to analyse my data. Within PCK, I also used Mavhunga and Rollnick’s (2013) Topic-Specific PCK as an analytical framework. The findings of the study revealed that the integration of Indigenous knowledge in Agricultural Science education has great potential in improving both the teaching and learnng of science. It also revealed that the Agricultural Science teachers were positive towards the integration of IK in their lessons. However, they conceded that they lacked pedagogical insights on how to integrate IK as they were never trained on how to integrate it. As a result, they found the presentations by the Indigenous Knowledge Custodians (IKCs) informative and shed light on how they could integrate IK during teaching and learning. That is, they became cultural knowledge brokers making science relevant and accessible to their learners. The study thus recommends that teacher training institutions should modify the curriculum to include a pedagogy course module on IK to equip students with the essential PCK on IK integration in science teaching. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, Secondary and Post-School Education, 2024
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- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
What is remembered & what is forgotten: shipwrecks and social memory on South Africa’s Sunshine Coast
- Authors: Dickson-Bow, Emma Jane
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Collective memory , Memorialization , Shipwrecks , Maritime heritage , Settler colonialism
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/465876 , vital:76664
- Description: Maritime heritage and its representation in South Africa, has been shaped by a settler colonial community heritage consciousness emphasising a heroic moral discourse legitimising local presence by settler communities. While much has been done to decolonise the representation of South African maritime heritage, at the local level small scale memorialisation continues to valorise maritime narratives that highlight the heroic aspects of historical settler colonial society, effectively concealing more fulsome of historical maritime events. Shipwrecks can function as potent tangible and intangible symbols of historical events, articulating a variety of perspectives on what constitutes social memory and history. This thesis examines the extension of public knowledge and representation of shipwreck maritime heritage on the Eastern Cape’s coastal belt, known in tourist branding vernacular as the ‘Sunshine Coast’ (East London to Port Elizabeth). The case study of ‘The Volo’, a Norwegian barge wrecked near present day Kenton-on-Sea and Bushman’s River Mouth (Boesmansriviermond) demonstrates how shipwreck narratives presented at the local public level can articulate a settler colonial community heritage consciousness that erases wider accounts of such stories. The reinterpretation and decentring of settler colonial maritime heritage stories allows for a more diverse and inclusive narrative that has the potential to promote social cohesion and social justice within restorative history work. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Anthropology, 2024
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- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
“But we are shying all of us away, from that thing”: the Coronavirus Pandemic and the crisis of teenage pregnancies in Kenya
- Authors: Kipury, Siraiyion Soinda
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Teenage pregnancy Kenya , Postcolonialism Kenya , Kenya History 1963- , Oral history Kenya , COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020-2023 Influence
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/465989 , vital:76674
- Description: This thesis historicises the post-colonial discourse on teenage pregnancy in Kenya. The coronavirus pandemic lockdowns in 2020 led to an increase in sexual violence perpetrated largely against teenage girls, resulting in pregnancy. This crisis revealed that the current discourse has created silence around sex and rape. It therefore does not consider the circumstances surrounding the pregnancies of teenage girls and for that reason perpetuates stereotypes of them being poor, irresponsible, dropouts. It finds that these ideas materialise in the form of adolescent sexual and reproductive health legislation which has real effects on pregnant teenage girls. Through a lack of law and policy enforcement, the discourse legitimises itself in a cyclic fashion. It argues that understanding the way the discourse has perpetuated itself from the past into the present is key to transforming this legislation and therefore their experiences. It uses an Oral History methodology to centre the perspectives of women who had teenage pregnancies in the past, and uses their stories to develop an understanding of how the discourse functions. It identifies news media and legislation as two major sites of discourse, carrying out an analysis of the language and content exhibited to observe the way cultural stereotypes around teenage pregnancy are preserved and re-created. It draws parallels between past and present sexual and reproductive health laws (1963-2020) to demonstrate the longevity of gendered and misogynistic ideologies surrounding women’s sexuality. It finds that language, blame/shame, and exclusion are the means through which the discourse has impressed itself upon Kenyan society throughout the post-colonial period. This thesis concludes that becoming aware of these means renders the discourse abnormal and unnatural, therefore creating the possibility of opening it up to change. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, History, 2024
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- Date Issued: 2024-10-11