The Cohen and Kuttel stories: is the place where I hang my hat still relevant to determine my residence for tax purposes?
- Arendse, Jacqueline A, Stark, Karen, Renaud, Craig
- Authors: Arendse, Jacqueline A , Stark, Karen , Renaud, Craig
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/131285 , vital:36549 , DOI: 10.25159/1998-8125/5779
- Description: Determining the residence of a taxpayer is one of the most important aspects of modern tax systems. For an individual taxpayer who migrates, a common trend in the modern world, the questions are where the person is ordinarily resident and whether the place of ordinary residence can change.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Arendse, Jacqueline A , Stark, Karen , Renaud, Craig
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/131285 , vital:36549 , DOI: 10.25159/1998-8125/5779
- Description: Determining the residence of a taxpayer is one of the most important aspects of modern tax systems. For an individual taxpayer who migrates, a common trend in the modern world, the questions are where the person is ordinarily resident and whether the place of ordinary residence can change.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
The development of an e-Health system for health awareness campaigns in poor areas
- Gremu, Chikumbutso, Terzoli, Alfredo, Tsietsi, Mosiuoa
- Authors: Gremu, Chikumbutso , Terzoli, Alfredo , Tsietsi, Mosiuoa
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/430638 , vital:72705 , 10.1109/ISTAFRICA.2015.7190527
- Description: This paper discusses work to develop an e-Health system called HealthAware to assist health service organisations to carry out targeted health awareness campaigns in poor areas. The system comprises two components called the Dashboard and the Health Messenger, which are web-based, Java applications that run in a peer-to-peer fashion. The Dashboard is used to create, manage, and publish awareness campaigns. The HealthMessenger facilitates end-users' access to the relevant awareness campaigns. A targeted communication strategy which splits the target population into subgroups based on their demo-graphic characteristics and geographic locations is used to determine relevant campaigns for a user. The HealthMessenger is hosted on an application service integration platform called TeleWeaver, while the Dashboard is hosted independently of TeleWeaver. Message queuing is used to ensure reliable communication between the Dashboard and the HealthMessenger. The implementation of HealthAware contributes knowledge on developing a system that ensures that users access only the information that is relevant to them. This addresses the challenge of sifting through potentially irrelevant information before arriving at the important information which is posed by generic materials.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Gremu, Chikumbutso , Terzoli, Alfredo , Tsietsi, Mosiuoa
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/430638 , vital:72705 , 10.1109/ISTAFRICA.2015.7190527
- Description: This paper discusses work to develop an e-Health system called HealthAware to assist health service organisations to carry out targeted health awareness campaigns in poor areas. The system comprises two components called the Dashboard and the Health Messenger, which are web-based, Java applications that run in a peer-to-peer fashion. The Dashboard is used to create, manage, and publish awareness campaigns. The HealthMessenger facilitates end-users' access to the relevant awareness campaigns. A targeted communication strategy which splits the target population into subgroups based on their demo-graphic characteristics and geographic locations is used to determine relevant campaigns for a user. The HealthMessenger is hosted on an application service integration platform called TeleWeaver, while the Dashboard is hosted independently of TeleWeaver. Message queuing is used to ensure reliable communication between the Dashboard and the HealthMessenger. The implementation of HealthAware contributes knowledge on developing a system that ensures that users access only the information that is relevant to them. This addresses the challenge of sifting through potentially irrelevant information before arriving at the important information which is posed by generic materials.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
The development of palladium (II)-specific amine-functionalized silica-based microparticles
- Fayemi, Omolola E, Ogunlaja, Adeniyi S, Antunes, Edith M, Nyokong, Tebello, Tshentu, Zenixole R
- Authors: Fayemi, Omolola E , Ogunlaja, Adeniyi S , Antunes, Edith M , Nyokong, Tebello , Tshentu, Zenixole R
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/241083 , vital:50903 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2014.978017"
- Description: The adsorption and separation of platinum(IV) and palladium(II) chlorido species ([PtCl6]2− and [PdCl4]2−) on silica-based microparticles functionalized with ammonium centers based on ethylenediamine (EDA), diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylenetriamine (TETA) and tris-(2-aminoethyl)amine (TAEA) were investigated. The functionalized sorbent materials were characterized using SEM, XPS, BET, and FTIR. The sorbents were used in the batch and column study for adsorption and selective separation of [PtCl62− and PdCl4]2−. The adsorption model for both [PtCl6]2− and [PdCl4]2− on the different sorbent materials fitted the Freundlich isotherm with R2 values > 0.99. The S-TETA sorbent material was palladium(II) specific. Pd(II) loaded on the silica column was recovered using 3% m/v thiourea solution as the eluting agent. Separation of platinum and palladium was achieved by selective stripping of [PtCl6]2− with 0.5 M of NaClO4 in 1.0 M HCl while Pd(II) was eluted with 0.5 M thiourea in 1.0 M HCl. The separation of palladium (Pd) from a mixture containing platinum (Pt), iridium (Ir), and rhodium (Rh) was successful on silica functionalized with triethylenetriamine (TETA) showing specificity for palladium(II) and a loading capacity of 0.27 mg/g. S-TETA showed potential for use in the recovery of palladium from platinum group metals such as from solutions of worn out automobile emission control catalytic convertors and other secondary sources.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Fayemi, Omolola E , Ogunlaja, Adeniyi S , Antunes, Edith M , Nyokong, Tebello , Tshentu, Zenixole R
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/241083 , vital:50903 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2014.978017"
- Description: The adsorption and separation of platinum(IV) and palladium(II) chlorido species ([PtCl6]2− and [PdCl4]2−) on silica-based microparticles functionalized with ammonium centers based on ethylenediamine (EDA), diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylenetriamine (TETA) and tris-(2-aminoethyl)amine (TAEA) were investigated. The functionalized sorbent materials were characterized using SEM, XPS, BET, and FTIR. The sorbents were used in the batch and column study for adsorption and selective separation of [PtCl62− and PdCl4]2−. The adsorption model for both [PtCl6]2− and [PdCl4]2− on the different sorbent materials fitted the Freundlich isotherm with R2 values > 0.99. The S-TETA sorbent material was palladium(II) specific. Pd(II) loaded on the silica column was recovered using 3% m/v thiourea solution as the eluting agent. Separation of platinum and palladium was achieved by selective stripping of [PtCl6]2− with 0.5 M of NaClO4 in 1.0 M HCl while Pd(II) was eluted with 0.5 M thiourea in 1.0 M HCl. The separation of palladium (Pd) from a mixture containing platinum (Pt), iridium (Ir), and rhodium (Rh) was successful on silica functionalized with triethylenetriamine (TETA) showing specificity for palladium(II) and a loading capacity of 0.27 mg/g. S-TETA showed potential for use in the recovery of palladium from platinum group metals such as from solutions of worn out automobile emission control catalytic convertors and other secondary sources.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
The development visions and attitudes towards urban forestry of officials responsible for greening in South African towns
- Gwedla, Nanamhla, Shackleton, Charlie M
- Authors: Gwedla, Nanamhla , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/180856 , vital:43651 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2014.07.004"
- Description: The planting and maintenance of trees in public areas of South African towns is the responsibility of local municipalities. Therefore, it is necessary to appreciate the visions and attitudes of municipal officials and decision-makers in charge of such activities for an understanding of the distribution and abundance of trees along streets and in urban green spaces. We hypothesised that the town size and relative wealth and current extent of trees in public places would influence the visions of such officials. We therefore conducted 24 semi-structured interviews with the officials responsible for urban tree planting in 24 towns in the Eastern Cape province, whilst also assessing the abundance of street trees via GIS counts. The density of street trees was variable, ranging from 0.5 to 9.5 trees/ha. There were significantly positive relationships between town size, relative wealth measures and street tree density. Several of the managers did not include environmental issues or trees in vision of the future for their town, although most did. There was no relationship between the managers’ visions for the future and attitudes and current street tree density. Most of the managers experienced several constraints in trying to implement their vision, notably a lack of funds for urban forestry, limited space for tree planting in low-cost housing developments, vandalism, and lack of skilled personnel.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Gwedla, Nanamhla , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/180856 , vital:43651 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2014.07.004"
- Description: The planting and maintenance of trees in public areas of South African towns is the responsibility of local municipalities. Therefore, it is necessary to appreciate the visions and attitudes of municipal officials and decision-makers in charge of such activities for an understanding of the distribution and abundance of trees along streets and in urban green spaces. We hypothesised that the town size and relative wealth and current extent of trees in public places would influence the visions of such officials. We therefore conducted 24 semi-structured interviews with the officials responsible for urban tree planting in 24 towns in the Eastern Cape province, whilst also assessing the abundance of street trees via GIS counts. The density of street trees was variable, ranging from 0.5 to 9.5 trees/ha. There were significantly positive relationships between town size, relative wealth measures and street tree density. Several of the managers did not include environmental issues or trees in vision of the future for their town, although most did. There was no relationship between the managers’ visions for the future and attitudes and current street tree density. Most of the managers experienced several constraints in trying to implement their vision, notably a lack of funds for urban forestry, limited space for tree planting in low-cost housing developments, vandalism, and lack of skilled personnel.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
The direct-use value of urban tree non-timber forest products to household income in poorer suburbs in South African towns
- Kaoma, Humphrey, Shackleton, Charlie M
- Authors: Kaoma, Humphrey , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/180778 , vital:43645 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2015.08.005"
- Description: Valuation of the contribution of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) to household incomes has been well researched in the rural and remote areas of the developing world. In comparison, there has been little investigation of the contribution of NTFPs in urban areas and amongst the urban poor. This paper reports results from a survey of 450 households across three towns on the use and value of tree NTFPs collected by households in the poorer areas from their own homesteads, open spaces within towns and at the urban periphery. Collection (and purchase) of tree NTFPs was widespread, especially of firewood and fruits. The ratio collected from homesteads relative to other urban spaces differed between products and the amount required. Overall, approximately 20% of household income was derived from urban tree NTFPs. The highest contribution (33%) was amongst the poorest sectors represented by mostly recent migrants to towns who were living in informal settlements whilst trying to establish a foothold in the urban economy. In the formal housing areas the contribution was at least 14%, which has been overlooked by standard income surveys in urban areas.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Kaoma, Humphrey , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/180778 , vital:43645 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2015.08.005"
- Description: Valuation of the contribution of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) to household incomes has been well researched in the rural and remote areas of the developing world. In comparison, there has been little investigation of the contribution of NTFPs in urban areas and amongst the urban poor. This paper reports results from a survey of 450 households across three towns on the use and value of tree NTFPs collected by households in the poorer areas from their own homesteads, open spaces within towns and at the urban periphery. Collection (and purchase) of tree NTFPs was widespread, especially of firewood and fruits. The ratio collected from homesteads relative to other urban spaces differed between products and the amount required. Overall, approximately 20% of household income was derived from urban tree NTFPs. The highest contribution (33%) was amongst the poorest sectors represented by mostly recent migrants to towns who were living in informal settlements whilst trying to establish a foothold in the urban economy. In the formal housing areas the contribution was at least 14%, which has been overlooked by standard income surveys in urban areas.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
The effect of ascorbic acid on the photophysical properties and photodynamic therapy activities of zinc phthalocyanine-single walled carbon nanotube conjugate on MCF-7 cancer cells
- Ogbodu, Racheal O, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Ogbodu, Racheal O , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/189066 , vital:44813 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2015.06.063"
- Description: Zinc mono carboxy phenoxy phthalocyanine (1) was chemical modified with ascorbic acid via an ester bond to give ZnMCPPc-AA (2). Complexes 2 and 1 were coordinated to single walled carbon nanotubes via π–π interaction to give ZnMCPPc-AA-SWCNT (3) and ZnMCPPc-SWCNT (4) respectively. Complexes 2, 3 and 4 showed better photophysical properties: with improved triplet lifetimes and quantum yields, and singlet oxygen quantum yields when compared to 1 alone. The photodynamic therapy activities of complexes 1, 2, 3 and 4 were tested in vitro on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Ascorbic acid suppresses the photodynamic therapy effect of 1, due to its ability to reduce oxidative DNA damage as a result of its potent reducing properties. The highest phototoxicity was observed for 4 which resulted in 77% decrease in cell viability, followed by 3 which resulted in 67% decrease in cell viability. This shows the importance of combination therapy, where the phthalocyanines are the photodynamic therapy agents and single walled carbon nanotubes are the photothermal therapy agents.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Ogbodu, Racheal O , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/189066 , vital:44813 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2015.06.063"
- Description: Zinc mono carboxy phenoxy phthalocyanine (1) was chemical modified with ascorbic acid via an ester bond to give ZnMCPPc-AA (2). Complexes 2 and 1 were coordinated to single walled carbon nanotubes via π–π interaction to give ZnMCPPc-AA-SWCNT (3) and ZnMCPPc-SWCNT (4) respectively. Complexes 2, 3 and 4 showed better photophysical properties: with improved triplet lifetimes and quantum yields, and singlet oxygen quantum yields when compared to 1 alone. The photodynamic therapy activities of complexes 1, 2, 3 and 4 were tested in vitro on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Ascorbic acid suppresses the photodynamic therapy effect of 1, due to its ability to reduce oxidative DNA damage as a result of its potent reducing properties. The highest phototoxicity was observed for 4 which resulted in 77% decrease in cell viability, followed by 3 which resulted in 67% decrease in cell viability. This shows the importance of combination therapy, where the phthalocyanines are the photodynamic therapy agents and single walled carbon nanotubes are the photothermal therapy agents.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
The effect of long-distance transportation on the fitness of irradiated false codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) for use in a sterile insect release program
- Nepgen, Eugene S, Hill, Martin P, Moore, Sean D
- Authors: Nepgen, Eugene S , Hill, Martin P , Moore, Sean D
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/423835 , vital:72098 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/tov246"
- Description: The effect of cold immobilization and long-distance transport of irradiated Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) on the flight ability of male (?) and female (/) moths, the longevity of male and female moths, and the realized fecundity of mating pairs CIM (chilled irradiated moths) / CIM?, CIM/ NIP (nonirradiated pupae) ?, NIP/ CIM?, and NIP/ NIP? was examined to improve application of the sterile insect technique (SIT). Adult moths treated with 150 Gy of gamma radiation were immobilized with cold temperature between 4 and 6C inside a polyurethane cooler box and transported for 12 h by road from Citrusdal, Western Cape Province, to Addo, Eastern Cape Province. Nonirradiated moths were transported as pupae inside a cardboard tray and removed by hand after which male and female pupae were separated and placed inside containers for eclosion. Male and female moths were individually placed inside petri dishes to determine longevity or paired with irradiated and nonirradiated counterparts to evaluate realized fecundity before incubation in 100% darkness at 25C and 75% relative humidity. Flight tests were conducted indoors at 25C by release of individual moths per hand. A significant decrease in flight ability and longevity of irradiated false codling moth was found after handling, cold immobilization, and transport, although critically, realized fecundity was not affected. Because of the impact of long-distance transport on quality of the released insects as well as the efficacy of SIT, comprehensive protocols for this critical step in the process need to be developed for a pestiferous insect with phytosanitary status such as false codling moth.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Nepgen, Eugene S , Hill, Martin P , Moore, Sean D
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/423835 , vital:72098 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/tov246"
- Description: The effect of cold immobilization and long-distance transport of irradiated Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) on the flight ability of male (?) and female (/) moths, the longevity of male and female moths, and the realized fecundity of mating pairs CIM (chilled irradiated moths) / CIM?, CIM/ NIP (nonirradiated pupae) ?, NIP/ CIM?, and NIP/ NIP? was examined to improve application of the sterile insect technique (SIT). Adult moths treated with 150 Gy of gamma radiation were immobilized with cold temperature between 4 and 6C inside a polyurethane cooler box and transported for 12 h by road from Citrusdal, Western Cape Province, to Addo, Eastern Cape Province. Nonirradiated moths were transported as pupae inside a cardboard tray and removed by hand after which male and female pupae were separated and placed inside containers for eclosion. Male and female moths were individually placed inside petri dishes to determine longevity or paired with irradiated and nonirradiated counterparts to evaluate realized fecundity before incubation in 100% darkness at 25C and 75% relative humidity. Flight tests were conducted indoors at 25C by release of individual moths per hand. A significant decrease in flight ability and longevity of irradiated false codling moth was found after handling, cold immobilization, and transport, although critically, realized fecundity was not affected. Because of the impact of long-distance transport on quality of the released insects as well as the efficacy of SIT, comprehensive protocols for this critical step in the process need to be developed for a pestiferous insect with phytosanitary status such as false codling moth.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
The effects of gold coated and uncoated zinc oxide nanohexagons on the photophysicochemical properties of the low symmetry zinc phthalocyanine
- D'Souza, Sarah, Ogbodu, Rachael, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: D'Souza, Sarah , Ogbodu, Rachael , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/189077 , vital:44814 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.06.088"
- Description: A new low symmetry, Zn phthalocyanine monosubstituted with diethylaminoethanethiol (mDEAET ZnPc) was synthesized and characterized. This work reports on its photophysical and photochemical properties of mDEAET ZnPc alone and when conjugated to gold coated and uncoated zinc oxide nanohexagons (ZnO NHXs). The photophysicochemical properties generally improved in the presence of the ZnO NHXs. These complexes were also tested for their photodynamic antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The Pc alone showed remarkable growth inhibition even at concentrations as low as 0.05 mg/mL. The conjugates showed a high photoinactivation of S. aureus after 30 min at a fluence of 90 mW cm−2 at a concentration of 0.05 mg/mL. The ZnPc-ZnO NHX conjugates produced the best antimicrobial results.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: D'Souza, Sarah , Ogbodu, Rachael , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/189077 , vital:44814 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.06.088"
- Description: A new low symmetry, Zn phthalocyanine monosubstituted with diethylaminoethanethiol (mDEAET ZnPc) was synthesized and characterized. This work reports on its photophysical and photochemical properties of mDEAET ZnPc alone and when conjugated to gold coated and uncoated zinc oxide nanohexagons (ZnO NHXs). The photophysicochemical properties generally improved in the presence of the ZnO NHXs. These complexes were also tested for their photodynamic antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The Pc alone showed remarkable growth inhibition even at concentrations as low as 0.05 mg/mL. The conjugates showed a high photoinactivation of S. aureus after 30 min at a fluence of 90 mW cm−2 at a concentration of 0.05 mg/mL. The ZnPc-ZnO NHX conjugates produced the best antimicrobial results.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
The emergence of environmental ethics discourses in laminated, open systems: Some educational considerations
- Authors: Olvitt, Lausanne L
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/437094 , vital:73330 , ISBN 9781315660899 , https://www.routledge.com/Critical-Realism-Environmental-Learning-and-Social-Ecological-Change/Price-Lotz-Sistka/p/book/9780367597689
- Description: The contemporary social-ecological condition is characterized by powerful changes in the way that we relate to each other and to the environment. This has led to increased ecological vulnerability, which is also accompanied by ongoing, and in-creased societal vulnerability. Nevertheless there remain op-portunities for developing new social-ecological relations, and for social-ecological learning and change. This would seem to require a strong project of recovering ontology, and a challeng-ing and broadening of dominant ways of knowing (Mignolo, 2000) that also tend to commit what Bhaskar describes as the ‘epistemic fallacy’, or the ‘the analysis or reduction of being to knowledge of being’ (Bhaskar, 2010, p. 1). In response, Bhaskar (ibid.) suggests critical realism as an alternative that embodies a ‘compatibility of ontological realism, epistemologi-cal relativism and judgmental rationality’. This includes a ‘re-vindication of ontology’ and the possibility of recognizing and accounting for structure, difference and change in the world in ways that escape ontological actualism and ontological mono-valence or ‘the generation of a purely positive account of reali-ty’ (ibid., p. 15).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Olvitt, Lausanne L
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/437094 , vital:73330 , ISBN 9781315660899 , https://www.routledge.com/Critical-Realism-Environmental-Learning-and-Social-Ecological-Change/Price-Lotz-Sistka/p/book/9780367597689
- Description: The contemporary social-ecological condition is characterized by powerful changes in the way that we relate to each other and to the environment. This has led to increased ecological vulnerability, which is also accompanied by ongoing, and in-creased societal vulnerability. Nevertheless there remain op-portunities for developing new social-ecological relations, and for social-ecological learning and change. This would seem to require a strong project of recovering ontology, and a challeng-ing and broadening of dominant ways of knowing (Mignolo, 2000) that also tend to commit what Bhaskar describes as the ‘epistemic fallacy’, or the ‘the analysis or reduction of being to knowledge of being’ (Bhaskar, 2010, p. 1). In response, Bhaskar (ibid.) suggests critical realism as an alternative that embodies a ‘compatibility of ontological realism, epistemologi-cal relativism and judgmental rationality’. This includes a ‘re-vindication of ontology’ and the possibility of recognizing and accounting for structure, difference and change in the world in ways that escape ontological actualism and ontological mono-valence or ‘the generation of a purely positive account of reali-ty’ (ibid., p. 15).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
The Influence of Adaptive Co-management Interrelations on the Social Learning, Change and Transformation of the Pugu and Kazimzumbwi Community in Tanzania
- Authors: Ferdinand, Victoria
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/387311 , vital:68224 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/137668"
- Description: This study sought to identify signs of social learning, change and transformation resulting from adaptive co-management interrelations in terms of the project ‘Reduction of Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation’ (REDD) at the Pugu and Kazimzumbwi Forest Reserves (PKFR) community in Tanzania. The study therefore presents some enablers and constraints in respect of learning, agency formation, social change and transformation potentially influenced by the REDD. This is a qualitative case study that explored ‘learning’1 from living experiences of local people at the PKFR and from local mechanisms of the REDD project. Reflexive workshop interventions were used to validate the performance of local REDD practices against the adaptive co-management framework. Other data was obtained through interviews, focus-group discussion, the analysis of documents and direct observations. The study found that individual people may deepen their understanding of forestry issues through collaborative interrelations. Social learning in the PKFR community was potentially stimulated by people’s relational interactions, reflective thinking and anticipations, and questioning of past practices. Learning occurred subtly, and the learning process was not endured firmly enough to foster the complex learning dynamics necessary for transformational changes. As a result, most of the REDD-stimulated learning did not transform the practices desired in the project.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Ferdinand, Victoria
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/387311 , vital:68224 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/137668"
- Description: This study sought to identify signs of social learning, change and transformation resulting from adaptive co-management interrelations in terms of the project ‘Reduction of Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation’ (REDD) at the Pugu and Kazimzumbwi Forest Reserves (PKFR) community in Tanzania. The study therefore presents some enablers and constraints in respect of learning, agency formation, social change and transformation potentially influenced by the REDD. This is a qualitative case study that explored ‘learning’1 from living experiences of local people at the PKFR and from local mechanisms of the REDD project. Reflexive workshop interventions were used to validate the performance of local REDD practices against the adaptive co-management framework. Other data was obtained through interviews, focus-group discussion, the analysis of documents and direct observations. The study found that individual people may deepen their understanding of forestry issues through collaborative interrelations. Social learning in the PKFR community was potentially stimulated by people’s relational interactions, reflective thinking and anticipations, and questioning of past practices. Learning occurred subtly, and the learning process was not endured firmly enough to foster the complex learning dynamics necessary for transformational changes. As a result, most of the REDD-stimulated learning did not transform the practices desired in the project.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
The influence of livelihood dependency, local ecological knowledge and market proximity on the ecological impacts of harvesting non-timber forest products
- Steele, Melita Z, Shackleton, Charlie M, Shaanker, Ramanan U, Ganeshaiah, Kotiganahalli N, Radloff, Sarah E
- Authors: Steele, Melita Z , Shackleton, Charlie M , Shaanker, Ramanan U , Ganeshaiah, Kotiganahalli N , Radloff, Sarah E
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/180908 , vital:43669 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2014.07.011"
- Description: It is well established that non-timber forest products make significant contributions to rural incomes throughout most of the developing world. NTFP use frequently raises concerns about the sustainability of, or ecological impacts associated with, NTFP harvesting, as well as local contextual factors which may limit or reduce the impacts. Here we test the conceptual model first advanced by Uma Shaanker et al. (2004) relating to the factors that may limit or exacerbate the ecological impacts associated with NTFP harvesting. These were the extent of local dependence on NTFPs, the degree of marketing and the level of local ecological knowledge. Data were collected via household questionnaires and ecological surveys of woody plants from eight villages throughout South Africa. We found no significant relationships between measures of ecological impact with local ecological knowledge or market proximity and engagement. There was a strong positive relationship between ecological impacts and NTFP dependency as indexed through mean annual direct-use value for NTFPs. This indicates that the higher the dependency and demand for NTFPs, the greater is the possibility of high impacts to the local environment. However, other contextual drivers not included in the original Uma Shaanker et al. (2004) model may also play a role, particularly the strength of local resource governance institutions.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Steele, Melita Z , Shackleton, Charlie M , Shaanker, Ramanan U , Ganeshaiah, Kotiganahalli N , Radloff, Sarah E
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/180908 , vital:43669 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2014.07.011"
- Description: It is well established that non-timber forest products make significant contributions to rural incomes throughout most of the developing world. NTFP use frequently raises concerns about the sustainability of, or ecological impacts associated with, NTFP harvesting, as well as local contextual factors which may limit or reduce the impacts. Here we test the conceptual model first advanced by Uma Shaanker et al. (2004) relating to the factors that may limit or exacerbate the ecological impacts associated with NTFP harvesting. These were the extent of local dependence on NTFPs, the degree of marketing and the level of local ecological knowledge. Data were collected via household questionnaires and ecological surveys of woody plants from eight villages throughout South Africa. We found no significant relationships between measures of ecological impact with local ecological knowledge or market proximity and engagement. There was a strong positive relationship between ecological impacts and NTFP dependency as indexed through mean annual direct-use value for NTFPs. This indicates that the higher the dependency and demand for NTFPs, the greater is the possibility of high impacts to the local environment. However, other contextual drivers not included in the original Uma Shaanker et al. (2004) model may also play a role, particularly the strength of local resource governance institutions.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2015
The listening train: A collaborative, connective aesthetics approach to transgressive social learning
- Authors: McGarry, Dylan K
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/371023 , vital:66404 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/137658"
- Description: This paper explores a personal iterative retrospective of a series of expansive social-learning processes that were collaboratively developed through practice-based enquiry across 17 South African towns/contexts. This reflexive narrative explores the development of a ‘Climate Train’, a mobile social-learning platform, that was conceived and created through a collaborative social movement of ‘cultural practitioners’ ranging from visual artists, poets, film-makers, theatre-makers, guerrilla-gardeners, musicians, facilitators, to educational researchers, among others, who created new ‘connective aesthetic’ social spaces for dialogue and exchange. Drawing from a variety of artistic genres, including but not limited to theatre and social sculpture (an expanded concept of public/participatory art), I reflect on the formative, foundational qualities of these approaches and share insights into social-learning praxis that emerged on the tracks. Of primary focus is the use of aesthetic praxis as a means that transforms how we engage with our inner capacities as well as how we develop our relational sensibilities. Key findings include the vital role of connective aesthetics in establishing imaginal thinking, moral intuition, empathy, participative parity, and emergence, and how these are important for transformation and establishing new capacities for ecological/global citizenship and collaborative intelligence.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: McGarry, Dylan K
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/371023 , vital:66404 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/137658"
- Description: This paper explores a personal iterative retrospective of a series of expansive social-learning processes that were collaboratively developed through practice-based enquiry across 17 South African towns/contexts. This reflexive narrative explores the development of a ‘Climate Train’, a mobile social-learning platform, that was conceived and created through a collaborative social movement of ‘cultural practitioners’ ranging from visual artists, poets, film-makers, theatre-makers, guerrilla-gardeners, musicians, facilitators, to educational researchers, among others, who created new ‘connective aesthetic’ social spaces for dialogue and exchange. Drawing from a variety of artistic genres, including but not limited to theatre and social sculpture (an expanded concept of public/participatory art), I reflect on the formative, foundational qualities of these approaches and share insights into social-learning praxis that emerged on the tracks. Of primary focus is the use of aesthetic praxis as a means that transforms how we engage with our inner capacities as well as how we develop our relational sensibilities. Key findings include the vital role of connective aesthetics in establishing imaginal thinking, moral intuition, empathy, participative parity, and emergence, and how these are important for transformation and establishing new capacities for ecological/global citizenship and collaborative intelligence.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
The nocturnal larvae of a specialist folivore perform better on C hromolaena odorata leaves from a shaded environment
- Osariyekemwen O. Uyi, Costas Zachariades, Hill, Martin P, Conlong, Desmond
- Authors: Osariyekemwen O. Uyi , Costas Zachariades , Hill, Martin P , Conlong, Desmond
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/424855 , vital:72189 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.12321"
- Description: Increasing evidence suggests that individuals of the same plant species occurring in different micro-habitats often show a degree of phenotypic and phytochemical variation. Consequently, insect herbivores associated with such plant species must deal with environment-mediated changes or variability in the traits of their host plants. In this study, we examined the effects of habitat condition (shadedvs. full-sun habitats) on plant traits and leaf characteristics of the invasive alien plant, Chromolaenaodorata (L.) King and Robinson (Asteraceae). In addition, the performance was evaluated in two generations of a specialist folivore, Pareuchaetes insulata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae), on leaves obtained from both shaded and full-sun habitats. The study was done in an area where the insect was introduced as a biological control agent. Leaves growing in shade were less tough, had higher water and nitrogen content, and lower total non-structural carbohydrate, compared with leaves growing in full sun. Plants growing in shade had longer leaves and were taller, but above-ground biomass was significantly reduced compared with plants growing in full sun. In both generations (parents and offspring), P. insulata developed faster and had larger pupal mass, increased growth rate, and higher fecundity when reared on shaded foliage compared with full-sun foliage. Although immature survival and adult longevity did not differ between habitats, Maw’s host suitability index indicated that shaded leaves were more suitable for the growth and reproduction of P. insulata. We suggest that the benefits obtained by P.insulata feeding on shaded foliage are associated with reduced toughness and enhanced nitrogen and water content of leaves. These results demonstrate that light-mediated changes in plant traits and leaf characteristics can affect insect folivore performance.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Osariyekemwen O. Uyi , Costas Zachariades , Hill, Martin P , Conlong, Desmond
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/424855 , vital:72189 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.12321"
- Description: Increasing evidence suggests that individuals of the same plant species occurring in different micro-habitats often show a degree of phenotypic and phytochemical variation. Consequently, insect herbivores associated with such plant species must deal with environment-mediated changes or variability in the traits of their host plants. In this study, we examined the effects of habitat condition (shadedvs. full-sun habitats) on plant traits and leaf characteristics of the invasive alien plant, Chromolaenaodorata (L.) King and Robinson (Asteraceae). In addition, the performance was evaluated in two generations of a specialist folivore, Pareuchaetes insulata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae), on leaves obtained from both shaded and full-sun habitats. The study was done in an area where the insect was introduced as a biological control agent. Leaves growing in shade were less tough, had higher water and nitrogen content, and lower total non-structural carbohydrate, compared with leaves growing in full sun. Plants growing in shade had longer leaves and were taller, but above-ground biomass was significantly reduced compared with plants growing in full sun. In both generations (parents and offspring), P. insulata developed faster and had larger pupal mass, increased growth rate, and higher fecundity when reared on shaded foliage compared with full-sun foliage. Although immature survival and adult longevity did not differ between habitats, Maw’s host suitability index indicated that shaded leaves were more suitable for the growth and reproduction of P. insulata. We suggest that the benefits obtained by P.insulata feeding on shaded foliage are associated with reduced toughness and enhanced nitrogen and water content of leaves. These results demonstrate that light-mediated changes in plant traits and leaf characteristics can affect insect folivore performance.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
The nonlinear absorption in new lanthanide double decker pyridine-based phthalocyanines in solution and thin films
- Sekhosana, Kutloana E, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Sekhosana, Kutloana E , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/189307 , vital:44836 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2015.05.022"
- Description: The optical behavior of bis-{2(3), 9(10), 16(17), 23(24)-(tetrapyridin-4-yloxy phthalocyaninato)} lanthanum (III) (2) and its ytterbium (3) counterpart in dimethyl sulfoxide are presented and compared to bis-{1(4), 8(11), 15(18), 22(25)-(tetrapyridin-4-yloxy phthalocyaninato)} ytterbium (III) (4). We report on the third-order susceptibility, second-order hyperpolarizability and the limiting threshold values. The nonlinear optical limiting threshold values of complexes 2, 3 and 4 showed improvement in the solid state (thin films), with complex 4 giving the best value at 0.033 J cm−2.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Sekhosana, Kutloana E , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/189307 , vital:44836 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2015.05.022"
- Description: The optical behavior of bis-{2(3), 9(10), 16(17), 23(24)-(tetrapyridin-4-yloxy phthalocyaninato)} lanthanum (III) (2) and its ytterbium (3) counterpart in dimethyl sulfoxide are presented and compared to bis-{1(4), 8(11), 15(18), 22(25)-(tetrapyridin-4-yloxy phthalocyaninato)} ytterbium (III) (4). We report on the third-order susceptibility, second-order hyperpolarizability and the limiting threshold values. The nonlinear optical limiting threshold values of complexes 2, 3 and 4 showed improvement in the solid state (thin films), with complex 4 giving the best value at 0.033 J cm−2.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
The photophysical properties of multi-functional quantum dots-magnetic nanoparticles—indium octacarboxyphthalocyanine nanocomposite
- Tshangana, Charmaine, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Tshangana, Charmaine , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/189876 , vital:44942 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-014-1497-6"
- Description: This work presents the development of a multifunctional hybrid nanoparticle made of L-glutathione capped quantum dots (GSH-CdSe@ZnS), amino functionalized Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles and indium octacarboxy phthalocyanine (ClInPc(COOH)8). In this work we investigate the photophysical properties of the individual components and the hybrid nanoparticle, in addition we study the energy transfer (Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)) in the complex. FRET efficiencies of ~48 % were obtained for energy transfer between the QDs (when alone or linked to MNPs). Both triplet yields and lifetimes of ClInPc(COOH)8 increase in the nanocomposite, with a decrease in fluorescence lifetime. The hybrid nanoparticle showed improved photophysical properties and as a result can be used in photodynamic therapy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Tshangana, Charmaine , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/189876 , vital:44942 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-014-1497-6"
- Description: This work presents the development of a multifunctional hybrid nanoparticle made of L-glutathione capped quantum dots (GSH-CdSe@ZnS), amino functionalized Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles and indium octacarboxy phthalocyanine (ClInPc(COOH)8). In this work we investigate the photophysical properties of the individual components and the hybrid nanoparticle, in addition we study the energy transfer (Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)) in the complex. FRET efficiencies of ~48 % were obtained for energy transfer between the QDs (when alone or linked to MNPs). Both triplet yields and lifetimes of ClInPc(COOH)8 increase in the nanocomposite, with a decrease in fluorescence lifetime. The hybrid nanoparticle showed improved photophysical properties and as a result can be used in photodynamic therapy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
The politics of interweaving performance cultures
- Authors: Krueger, Anton
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/225719 , vital:49252 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10137548.2015.1014170"
- Description: According to the former president of the International Federation of Theatre Research (IFTR), Brian Singleton, the study of ‘[i]nterculturalism as a practice and a theory gained currency with Richard Schechner’s anthropologically-inspired new discipline of performance studies’ (p. 79). Schechner’s new discipline led to the formation of the annual Performance Studies International (PSI) conferences, and earlier this year I attended the twentieth instalment in Shanghai, which was held under the rubric of ‘Tradition and the Avant-Garde’. One of the things which struck me was the extent to which the (relatively) newly economically empowered Chinese theatre makers were creating grand productions based on Western theatre traditions. For example, many of the presentations for delegates were based on Western texts (such as Hamlet, Miss Julie and even a play by Woody Allen). And yet these productions were performed in Mandarin, using purist Chinese forms, such as Beijing Opera. During the discussions there seemed to be an awkward defensiveness from some of the Chinese hosts who insisted they were not ‘copying’ Western theatre, but that they were using it to express a pure Chinese aesthetic. There were also other performances at the conference, such as a series of parables called Confucius Disciples, which told didactic tales with content very foreign to a Western audience. A visiting troupe from Bulgaria presented their own version of some of these parables, using a strongly East European aesthetic to convey a Chinese message. In this way, experiments with cultural forms and content were clearly foregrounded by the conference presentations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Krueger, Anton
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/225719 , vital:49252 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10137548.2015.1014170"
- Description: According to the former president of the International Federation of Theatre Research (IFTR), Brian Singleton, the study of ‘[i]nterculturalism as a practice and a theory gained currency with Richard Schechner’s anthropologically-inspired new discipline of performance studies’ (p. 79). Schechner’s new discipline led to the formation of the annual Performance Studies International (PSI) conferences, and earlier this year I attended the twentieth instalment in Shanghai, which was held under the rubric of ‘Tradition and the Avant-Garde’. One of the things which struck me was the extent to which the (relatively) newly economically empowered Chinese theatre makers were creating grand productions based on Western theatre traditions. For example, many of the presentations for delegates were based on Western texts (such as Hamlet, Miss Julie and even a play by Woody Allen). And yet these productions were performed in Mandarin, using purist Chinese forms, such as Beijing Opera. During the discussions there seemed to be an awkward defensiveness from some of the Chinese hosts who insisted they were not ‘copying’ Western theatre, but that they were using it to express a pure Chinese aesthetic. There were also other performances at the conference, such as a series of parables called Confucius Disciples, which told didactic tales with content very foreign to a Western audience. A visiting troupe from Bulgaria presented their own version of some of these parables, using a strongly East European aesthetic to convey a Chinese message. In this way, experiments with cultural forms and content were clearly foregrounded by the conference presentations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
The politics of philosophy in Africa
- Jones, Ward E, Metz, Thaddeus
- Authors: Jones, Ward E , Metz, Thaddeus
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/275733 , vital:55074 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/02580136.2015.1104797"
- Description: The background to the present discussion is the prevalence of political and personal criticisms in philosophical discussions about Africa. As philosophers in South Africa—both white and black—continue to philosophise seriously about Africa, responses to their work sometimes take the form of political and personal criticisms of, if not attacks on, the philosopher exploring and defending considerations about the African continent. One of us (TM) has been the target of such critiques in light of his work. Our aim in this conversation is not to diminish or deflect such critiques. On the contrary, our aim is to understand them, to make them as strong as possible, and to bring them into the cooler realm of philosophical discussion.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Jones, Ward E , Metz, Thaddeus
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/275733 , vital:55074 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/02580136.2015.1104797"
- Description: The background to the present discussion is the prevalence of political and personal criticisms in philosophical discussions about Africa. As philosophers in South Africa—both white and black—continue to philosophise seriously about Africa, responses to their work sometimes take the form of political and personal criticisms of, if not attacks on, the philosopher exploring and defending considerations about the African continent. One of us (TM) has been the target of such critiques in light of his work. Our aim in this conversation is not to diminish or deflect such critiques. On the contrary, our aim is to understand them, to make them as strong as possible, and to bring them into the cooler realm of philosophical discussion.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
The prevalence of planning and management frameworks for trees and green spaces in urban areas of South Africa
- Chishaleshale, M, Shackleton, Charlie M, Gambiza, James, Gumbo, Davison
- Authors: Chishaleshale, M , Shackleton, Charlie M , Gambiza, James , Gumbo, Davison
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/180884 , vital:43659 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2015.09.012"
- Description: Optimisation of the benefits from urban forestry and greening to urban dwellers and the environment rests on proactive and appropriate management planning, implementation and resourcing. Yet, lessons from the developed world show marked variability in development and adoption of urban tree and green space (UTGS) strategic plans and systematic monitoring and maintenance. Although financial and human resources for UTGS may be constrained in developing world contexts, there is no knowledge of the extent to which local authorities engage in appropriate and timely planning, management and monitoring. Here we examine the UTGS resourcing, planning, maintenance and integration across 28 local municipalities in the two poorest provinces in South Africa. It was revealed that most local municipalities were not managing their UTGS in a planned or systematic manner due to constraining factors such as insufficient funds, insufficient personnel, lack of equipment and lack of political support. Only 7% of the surveyed municipalities had an urban tree management plan and an estimate of the urban tree stock; 32% had tree policies; 21% had tree planting schedules; 11% had tree maintenance schedules. Over 65% claimed to engage other stakeholders in tree planting, but much was passive receipt of trees for planting rather than citizen engagement around species, places and values. Generally, the prevalence of most planning and maintenance elements increased with increasing size of the municipality and the presence of personnel specifically for UTGS management. It is likely that the prevalence of planning and maintenance functions will increase with greater political support from municipal councillors which may also decrease funding challenges.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Chishaleshale, M , Shackleton, Charlie M , Gambiza, James , Gumbo, Davison
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/180884 , vital:43659 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2015.09.012"
- Description: Optimisation of the benefits from urban forestry and greening to urban dwellers and the environment rests on proactive and appropriate management planning, implementation and resourcing. Yet, lessons from the developed world show marked variability in development and adoption of urban tree and green space (UTGS) strategic plans and systematic monitoring and maintenance. Although financial and human resources for UTGS may be constrained in developing world contexts, there is no knowledge of the extent to which local authorities engage in appropriate and timely planning, management and monitoring. Here we examine the UTGS resourcing, planning, maintenance and integration across 28 local municipalities in the two poorest provinces in South Africa. It was revealed that most local municipalities were not managing their UTGS in a planned or systematic manner due to constraining factors such as insufficient funds, insufficient personnel, lack of equipment and lack of political support. Only 7% of the surveyed municipalities had an urban tree management plan and an estimate of the urban tree stock; 32% had tree policies; 21% had tree planting schedules; 11% had tree maintenance schedules. Over 65% claimed to engage other stakeholders in tree planting, but much was passive receipt of trees for planting rather than citizen engagement around species, places and values. Generally, the prevalence of most planning and maintenance elements increased with increasing size of the municipality and the presence of personnel specifically for UTGS management. It is likely that the prevalence of planning and maintenance functions will increase with greater political support from municipal councillors which may also decrease funding challenges.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
The trade in and household use of Phoenix reclinata palm frond hand brushes on the Wild Coast, South Africa: Effects on soil nutrients
- Mjoli, Nwabisa, Shackleton, Charlie M
- Authors: Mjoli, Nwabisa , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/180800 , vital:43647 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12231-015-9316-9"
- Description: The Trade in and Household Use of Phoenix reclinata Palm Frond Hand Brushes on the Wild Coast, South Africa. This paper reports on an investigation of the harvesting, trade, and use of hand brushes made from fronds of the wild palm, Phoenix reclinata. We considered both the abundance of the resource as well as the demand. Within the harvesting areas, there were approximately 141 palm plants per hectare, of which almost two-thirds showed no signs of frond harvesting. During harvesting, most fronds (82%) were left on the plant, 16% were removed to make brushes, and 2% were cut and discarded. Although the number of harvesters had increased during the last decade, most felt that the number of palm plants had remained stable or even increased over the same period. There was strong consensus that cut fronds were replaced within two months, after which a particular stem could be harvested again. Harvesting and trade were practiced largely by middle-aged to elderly women, who had limited formal education, skills, and employment prospects. Most had entered the trade because of cash income poverty. The main markets for selling the palm brushes were in nearby urban areas. The income earned from the trade was modest, but still rated highly by the traders, for most of whom it was the second most-important source of cash income. For many users, the palm brushes was found to be the only type of brush suitable for cleaning mud and cow-dung flooring and, most importantly for many, their use forms part of a long household use history and culture.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Mjoli, Nwabisa , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/180800 , vital:43647 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12231-015-9316-9"
- Description: The Trade in and Household Use of Phoenix reclinata Palm Frond Hand Brushes on the Wild Coast, South Africa. This paper reports on an investigation of the harvesting, trade, and use of hand brushes made from fronds of the wild palm, Phoenix reclinata. We considered both the abundance of the resource as well as the demand. Within the harvesting areas, there were approximately 141 palm plants per hectare, of which almost two-thirds showed no signs of frond harvesting. During harvesting, most fronds (82%) were left on the plant, 16% were removed to make brushes, and 2% were cut and discarded. Although the number of harvesters had increased during the last decade, most felt that the number of palm plants had remained stable or even increased over the same period. There was strong consensus that cut fronds were replaced within two months, after which a particular stem could be harvested again. Harvesting and trade were practiced largely by middle-aged to elderly women, who had limited formal education, skills, and employment prospects. Most had entered the trade because of cash income poverty. The main markets for selling the palm brushes were in nearby urban areas. The income earned from the trade was modest, but still rated highly by the traders, for most of whom it was the second most-important source of cash income. For many users, the palm brushes was found to be the only type of brush suitable for cleaning mud and cow-dung flooring and, most importantly for many, their use forms part of a long household use history and culture.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
The women of Willowvale-crafting livelihoods from the wild date palm
- Mjoli, Nwabisa, Shackleton, Charlie M
- Authors: Mjoli, Nwabisa , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/182322 , vital:43820 , xlink:href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC185235"
- Description: The Wild Coast of the Eastern Cape is renowned for its cultural landscapes, stunning scenery and remarkable biodiversity. It is also one of the least developed regions of South Africa, which underpins the small productive base and limited economic opportunities for the hundreds of rural communities scattered along the hilltops. It is not surprising therefore, that many inhabitants make extensive use of natural resources, such as firewood, reed mats, medicinal plants and wild vegetables, in their daily lives, as well as for sources of income when the opportunity arises.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Mjoli, Nwabisa , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/182322 , vital:43820 , xlink:href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC185235"
- Description: The Wild Coast of the Eastern Cape is renowned for its cultural landscapes, stunning scenery and remarkable biodiversity. It is also one of the least developed regions of South Africa, which underpins the small productive base and limited economic opportunities for the hundreds of rural communities scattered along the hilltops. It is not surprising therefore, that many inhabitants make extensive use of natural resources, such as firewood, reed mats, medicinal plants and wild vegetables, in their daily lives, as well as for sources of income when the opportunity arises.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015