The proof of the pudding: the presentation and proof of expert evidence in South Africa
- Meintjes–Van Der Walt, Lirieka
- Authors: Meintjes–Van Der Walt, Lirieka
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6338 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012403 , http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=170233
- Description: Imagine, as one may well imagine at this time of the day, a chocolate mousse, dark and delectable, or a tempting tiramasu or a perfect pavlova. How are you going to decide which is best? Yes, indeed the actual presentation of the puddings may influence your choice, but to be able to make an informed choice, you would need to taste them. Do you have to make the choice according to your own taste, or do you have to decide which should go best with your menu for your dinner party? If you have to decide which is best, you would have to be able to rank them in relation to other mousses, tiramasus or pavlovas. You need to know the ingredients, and for a professional decision you would need some knowledge of the art of cooking. Proof in the art of cooking, science, and also in law depends on the quantum and quality of evidence or data sufficient to support a conclusion. Loevinger concludes that “[p]roof ultimately depends on the ability of the human mind to make appropriate and useful distinctions and connections among data or items of evidence”.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Meintjes–Van Der Walt, Lirieka
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6338 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012403 , http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=170233
- Description: Imagine, as one may well imagine at this time of the day, a chocolate mousse, dark and delectable, or a tempting tiramasu or a perfect pavlova. How are you going to decide which is best? Yes, indeed the actual presentation of the puddings may influence your choice, but to be able to make an informed choice, you would need to taste them. Do you have to make the choice according to your own taste, or do you have to decide which should go best with your menu for your dinner party? If you have to decide which is best, you would have to be able to rank them in relation to other mousses, tiramasus or pavlovas. You need to know the ingredients, and for a professional decision you would need some knowledge of the art of cooking. Proof in the art of cooking, science, and also in law depends on the quantum and quality of evidence or data sufficient to support a conclusion. Loevinger concludes that “[p]roof ultimately depends on the ability of the human mind to make appropriate and useful distinctions and connections among data or items of evidence”.
- Full Text:
The reading preferences of grade 11 ESL learners in Grahamstown
- Authors: Rasana, Nomakhosazana Hazel
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: English language -- Study and teaching -- Foreign speakers -- South Africa Reading (Secondary) -- South Africa English language -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1721 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003604
- Description: This survey investigates learners’ reading preferences in selected Eastern Cape secondary schools where English is taught as a second language. It seeks to understand the reading patterns and interests of Grade 11s, and the role played by parents, teachers, school and public libraries in promoting a love for reading. Focus group interviews and questionnaires were used to gather data over a period of six weeks. All Grade 11 learners from eight Grahamstown secondary schools where English is taught as a second language participated. Data was analysed using Biomedical Data Programme Statistical Software (BMDP). Chi-square (X ²) tests and t-tests for proportions were used specifically to determine significant differences in the groups (i.e. gender effect, schools and language effect). The data suggest that ESL Grade 11s: 1) do have preferred reading material; 2) have preferred authors; 3) have a preferred language they read in; and 4) read for information. Limited access to reading material affects their reading patterns and ability.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Rasana, Nomakhosazana Hazel
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: English language -- Study and teaching -- Foreign speakers -- South Africa Reading (Secondary) -- South Africa English language -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1721 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003604
- Description: This survey investigates learners’ reading preferences in selected Eastern Cape secondary schools where English is taught as a second language. It seeks to understand the reading patterns and interests of Grade 11s, and the role played by parents, teachers, school and public libraries in promoting a love for reading. Focus group interviews and questionnaires were used to gather data over a period of six weeks. All Grade 11 learners from eight Grahamstown secondary schools where English is taught as a second language participated. Data was analysed using Biomedical Data Programme Statistical Software (BMDP). Chi-square (X ²) tests and t-tests for proportions were used specifically to determine significant differences in the groups (i.e. gender effect, schools and language effect). The data suggest that ESL Grade 11s: 1) do have preferred reading material; 2) have preferred authors; 3) have a preferred language they read in; and 4) read for information. Limited access to reading material affects their reading patterns and ability.
- Full Text:
The role of bank finance in small firm growth : a case study
- Authors: Musengi, Sandra
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Banks and banking -- South Africa , Finance -- South Africa , Small business -- South Africa -- Finance , Small business -- South Africa -- Growth -- Case studies , Entrepreneurship -- South Africa , New business enterprises -- South Africa , Bank loans -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:1176 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002793 , Banks and banking -- South Africa , Finance -- South Africa , Small business -- South Africa -- Finance , Small business -- South Africa -- Growth -- Case studies , Entrepreneurship -- South Africa , New business enterprises -- South Africa , Bank loans -- South Africa
- Description: The debate concerning small firm access to finance continues. The proliferation of research of the issue underlines the importance attached in promoting a strong entrepreneurial culture within a country. Small firms are significant to economic growth if they are growing. Central to this significance is ascertaining the role of finance and in particular bank finance in accelerating small growth potential. The case study, through its ontological, epistemological and methodological position, draws on a document review and interview material from small firm owners and key informants to explore the role of bank finance in small firm growth. Case study evidence reveals that small firm owners do not intend to finance firm growth with bank finance but prefer to finance growth with internally generated funds. The owners indicate that non-financial and behavioural factors, such as, maintaining decision-making control, experience accessing bank finance, the perception of the banking relationship and growth aspirations of owners may be more important in dertermining the finance structure for firm growth. From the bank's perspective, findings suggest that risk assessment, financial viability of the enterprise and provision of collateral are more important in the lending decisions; findings supported by an analysis of selected documents. The small sample of small firm owners, bank representatives, experts and documents makes it difficult to generalize the findings. However, the findings are significant because exploring the issue from different perspectives presents invaluable insights, which can be investigated further to assist small firm owners, to develop finance products geared for small firm operations, and in the development of the knowledge base on finance-related issues in the South African context.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Musengi, Sandra
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Banks and banking -- South Africa , Finance -- South Africa , Small business -- South Africa -- Finance , Small business -- South Africa -- Growth -- Case studies , Entrepreneurship -- South Africa , New business enterprises -- South Africa , Bank loans -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:1176 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002793 , Banks and banking -- South Africa , Finance -- South Africa , Small business -- South Africa -- Finance , Small business -- South Africa -- Growth -- Case studies , Entrepreneurship -- South Africa , New business enterprises -- South Africa , Bank loans -- South Africa
- Description: The debate concerning small firm access to finance continues. The proliferation of research of the issue underlines the importance attached in promoting a strong entrepreneurial culture within a country. Small firms are significant to economic growth if they are growing. Central to this significance is ascertaining the role of finance and in particular bank finance in accelerating small growth potential. The case study, through its ontological, epistemological and methodological position, draws on a document review and interview material from small firm owners and key informants to explore the role of bank finance in small firm growth. Case study evidence reveals that small firm owners do not intend to finance firm growth with bank finance but prefer to finance growth with internally generated funds. The owners indicate that non-financial and behavioural factors, such as, maintaining decision-making control, experience accessing bank finance, the perception of the banking relationship and growth aspirations of owners may be more important in dertermining the finance structure for firm growth. From the bank's perspective, findings suggest that risk assessment, financial viability of the enterprise and provision of collateral are more important in the lending decisions; findings supported by an analysis of selected documents. The small sample of small firm owners, bank representatives, experts and documents makes it difficult to generalize the findings. However, the findings are significant because exploring the issue from different perspectives presents invaluable insights, which can be investigated further to assist small firm owners, to develop finance products geared for small firm operations, and in the development of the knowledge base on finance-related issues in the South African context.
- Full Text:
The social construction of "sexual knowledge": exploring the narratives of southern African youth of Indian descent in the context of HIV/AIDS
- Authors: Esat, Fazila
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: East Indians -- South Africa -- Attitudes , Youth -- South Africa -- Attitudes , East Indians -- South Africa -- Sexual behavior , Youth -- South Africa -- Sexual behavior , AIDS (Disease) -- Social aspects -- South Africa , HIV infections -- Social aspects -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2970 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002479 , East Indians -- South Africa -- Attitudes , Youth -- South Africa -- Attitudes , East Indians -- South Africa -- Sexual behavior , Youth -- South Africa -- Sexual behavior , AIDS (Disease) -- Social aspects -- South Africa , HIV infections -- Social aspects -- South Africa
- Description: This study pays attention to youth of Indian-descent within the context of sexuality and identity and their role in HIV/AIDS. By gaining an understanding of this interaction between identity and sexuality, it adds to our knowledge of the social dynamics that contribute to the prevalence or lack of prevalence of HIV/AIDS within population groups. This study uses a social constructionist discourse analytic framework and aims to explore the construction of sexual knowledge by Southern African youth of Indian-descent. The findings indicate that the construction of sex is primarily one of risk and ambiguity. Additionally, the construction of sexual knowledge highlights the significance of gender differentials and the importance of agency and responsibility for sexual education. These constructions reinforce traditional educational roles that contribute to the construction of sex as risky and ambiguous. In addition, a social identity of Indian-ness and othering is used as a strategy to give meaning to the lack of parental responsibility with regard to sexual education. The use of social identity is seen as highlighting the importance of acknowledging the sexual values within which youth are embedded. This study concludes with possible ways to shift these constructions. For example, one of the conclusions suggests the implementation of an alternative school-based sexual education that acknowledges the sexual values in which youth are embedded. Furthermore, this acknowledgement of sexual values should take place within a holistic sex education programme that is positive about sexuality. Additionally, a reframing of youth as capable and active decision-makers in their sexual education is necessitated in order to see youth as a potential resource in HIV/AIDS prevention.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Esat, Fazila
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: East Indians -- South Africa -- Attitudes , Youth -- South Africa -- Attitudes , East Indians -- South Africa -- Sexual behavior , Youth -- South Africa -- Sexual behavior , AIDS (Disease) -- Social aspects -- South Africa , HIV infections -- Social aspects -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2970 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002479 , East Indians -- South Africa -- Attitudes , Youth -- South Africa -- Attitudes , East Indians -- South Africa -- Sexual behavior , Youth -- South Africa -- Sexual behavior , AIDS (Disease) -- Social aspects -- South Africa , HIV infections -- Social aspects -- South Africa
- Description: This study pays attention to youth of Indian-descent within the context of sexuality and identity and their role in HIV/AIDS. By gaining an understanding of this interaction between identity and sexuality, it adds to our knowledge of the social dynamics that contribute to the prevalence or lack of prevalence of HIV/AIDS within population groups. This study uses a social constructionist discourse analytic framework and aims to explore the construction of sexual knowledge by Southern African youth of Indian-descent. The findings indicate that the construction of sex is primarily one of risk and ambiguity. Additionally, the construction of sexual knowledge highlights the significance of gender differentials and the importance of agency and responsibility for sexual education. These constructions reinforce traditional educational roles that contribute to the construction of sex as risky and ambiguous. In addition, a social identity of Indian-ness and othering is used as a strategy to give meaning to the lack of parental responsibility with regard to sexual education. The use of social identity is seen as highlighting the importance of acknowledging the sexual values within which youth are embedded. This study concludes with possible ways to shift these constructions. For example, one of the conclusions suggests the implementation of an alternative school-based sexual education that acknowledges the sexual values in which youth are embedded. Furthermore, this acknowledgement of sexual values should take place within a holistic sex education programme that is positive about sexuality. Additionally, a reframing of youth as capable and active decision-makers in their sexual education is necessitated in order to see youth as a potential resource in HIV/AIDS prevention.
- Full Text:
The stories in the details:
- Authors: Kyazze, Sim
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/159177 , vital:40274 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC146272
- Description: A famous journalism adage is that "the story is in the details". For the world Information Society, those details might be in the mind-blowing technological advances in recent years and the dizzying alternative news sources; and in the increased novelty in story telling.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Kyazze, Sim
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/159177 , vital:40274 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC146272
- Description: A famous journalism adage is that "the story is in the details". For the world Information Society, those details might be in the mind-blowing technological advances in recent years and the dizzying alternative news sources; and in the increased novelty in story telling.
- Full Text:
The structure of ant communities and their impact on soil-pupating pests in citrus orchards in the Grahamstown area of the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Bownes, Angela
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Ants -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Pests -- Control -- South Africa , Homoptera -- Control -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Citrus -- Diseases and pests -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5775 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005463 , Ants -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Pests -- Control -- South Africa , Homoptera -- Control -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Citrus -- Diseases and pests -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: Two ant species, Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius) and Anoplolepis custodiens (Smith) reach pest status in citrus orchards through precipitating outbreaks of homopterous pests. However, predacious ants, including these two ant species, play an important role in pest suppression in agroecosystems and are therefore beneficial to these systems. If A. custodiens and P. megacephala are important natural control agents in citrus, using ant bands to break the mutualism between the ants and the Homoptera as a method of ant control is preferable to poisoning. Ant communities were sampled by pitfall trapping in three experimental subunits of 2-, 4-, 15- and 30-year-old citrus orchards, in the Grahamstown area of the Eastern Cape. In one subunit in each orchard, populations of P. megacephala and A. custodiens were suppressed by poison applications. In a second subunit, trees were banded with trunk barriers so that ants were prevented from foraging in the trees and a third subunit served as the untreated control. Bait pupae of bollworm, false codling moth and fruit fly were planted in bait trays in all of the subunits to investigate predation on these citrus pests in the relative absence of predacious ants and where they were excluded from the trees. Pheidole megacephala dominated exclusively in all of the plots. Community composition did not change dramatically with increasing age of the trees, but species diversity and species abundance did. Rank-abundance curves showed that community diversity was highest in the 2-year-old plots and lowest in the 30-year-old plots. The Simpson and Shannon-Wiener diversity indices and their evenness measures indicated that diversity and equitability were highest in the poisoned subunits and lowest in the banded subunits. Principle component analysis revealed that the poisoned subunits were similar and distinct in species composition, that there was significant monthly variation in species composition and that community stability increases with an increase in orchard age. The presence of P. megacephala was significantly negatively correlated (rs = -0.293; p < 0.001) with pest pupal survival. Pupal survival was significantly higher for bollworm (p < 0.001), FCM (p < 0.001) and fruit fly (p < 0.001) in the poisoned subunits, than in the banded and control subunits. There was a general trend for survivorship to increase with an increase in the age of the trees. A significant difference (p < 0.001) was found between the months in which the trials were carried out. Pupal survival was significantly lower (p < 0.001) for FCM than for bollworm and fruit fly. In citrus orchards, ant communities are organised by ecological processes and interactions and are influenced by methods of ant control. Ant bands are preferable to poisoning as a method of ant control, so that beneficial species are left on the ground to prey on pests that pupate in the soil. Maintaining high ant species diversity in citrus orchards would be beneficial as predation on the pupae was more effective where ant species diversity was higher.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Bownes, Angela
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Ants -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Pests -- Control -- South Africa , Homoptera -- Control -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Citrus -- Diseases and pests -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5775 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005463 , Ants -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Pests -- Control -- South Africa , Homoptera -- Control -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Citrus -- Diseases and pests -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: Two ant species, Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius) and Anoplolepis custodiens (Smith) reach pest status in citrus orchards through precipitating outbreaks of homopterous pests. However, predacious ants, including these two ant species, play an important role in pest suppression in agroecosystems and are therefore beneficial to these systems. If A. custodiens and P. megacephala are important natural control agents in citrus, using ant bands to break the mutualism between the ants and the Homoptera as a method of ant control is preferable to poisoning. Ant communities were sampled by pitfall trapping in three experimental subunits of 2-, 4-, 15- and 30-year-old citrus orchards, in the Grahamstown area of the Eastern Cape. In one subunit in each orchard, populations of P. megacephala and A. custodiens were suppressed by poison applications. In a second subunit, trees were banded with trunk barriers so that ants were prevented from foraging in the trees and a third subunit served as the untreated control. Bait pupae of bollworm, false codling moth and fruit fly were planted in bait trays in all of the subunits to investigate predation on these citrus pests in the relative absence of predacious ants and where they were excluded from the trees. Pheidole megacephala dominated exclusively in all of the plots. Community composition did not change dramatically with increasing age of the trees, but species diversity and species abundance did. Rank-abundance curves showed that community diversity was highest in the 2-year-old plots and lowest in the 30-year-old plots. The Simpson and Shannon-Wiener diversity indices and their evenness measures indicated that diversity and equitability were highest in the poisoned subunits and lowest in the banded subunits. Principle component analysis revealed that the poisoned subunits were similar and distinct in species composition, that there was significant monthly variation in species composition and that community stability increases with an increase in orchard age. The presence of P. megacephala was significantly negatively correlated (rs = -0.293; p < 0.001) with pest pupal survival. Pupal survival was significantly higher for bollworm (p < 0.001), FCM (p < 0.001) and fruit fly (p < 0.001) in the poisoned subunits, than in the banded and control subunits. There was a general trend for survivorship to increase with an increase in the age of the trees. A significant difference (p < 0.001) was found between the months in which the trials were carried out. Pupal survival was significantly lower (p < 0.001) for FCM than for bollworm and fruit fly. In citrus orchards, ant communities are organised by ecological processes and interactions and are influenced by methods of ant control. Ant bands are preferable to poisoning as a method of ant control, so that beneficial species are left on the ground to prey on pests that pupate in the soil. Maintaining high ant species diversity in citrus orchards would be beneficial as predation on the pupae was more effective where ant species diversity was higher.
- Full Text:
The suitability of Alagoasa extrema Jacoby (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae), as a biological control agent for Lantana camara L. in South Africa
- Authors: Williams, Hester Elizabeth
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Lantana camara , Lantana camara -- South Africa , Biological pest control agents -- South Africa , Chrysomelidae
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5783 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005471 , Lantana camara , Lantana camara -- South Africa , Biological pest control agents -- South Africa , Chrysomelidae
- Description: Lantana camara Linnaeus (Verbenaceae), commonly known as lantana, is a highly invasive weed in many parts of the world. In South Africa it is naturalized in several provinces where it invades pastures, riverbanks, mountain slopes and valleys and commercial and natural forests, forming dense, impenetrable thickets. Chemical and mechanical control methods are expensive, labour intensive and provide only temporary relief as cleared areas are rapidly reinfested by seedlings and coppice growth. A biological control programme was initiated in South Africa in the 1960s, but despite the establishment of 11 agent species, it was considered to have had limited success. Several factors are thought to restrict the impact of the biocontrol agents. Firstly, L. camara occurs in a range of climatic regions, some of which are unsuitable for the establishment of agent species of tropical and subtropical origin. Secondly, L. camara is the result of hybridization between several Lantana species, forming a complex of hybridized and hybridizing varieties in the field, which match none of the Lantana species in the region of origin. This causes partial insect-host incompatibility, displayed as varietal preference. Thirdly, parasitism appears to have significantly reduced the effectiveness of several natural enemies. In spite of all these constraints, biological control has reduced invasion by L. camara by 26%. However, the weed is still very damaging and additional natural enemies are required to reduce infestations further. A flea-beetle species, Alagoasa extrema Jacoby (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), was collected from several sites in the humid subtropical and tropical regions of Mexico, and imported into quarantine in South Africa and studied as a potential biocontrol agent for L. camara. Favourable biological characteristics of this beetle included long-lived adults, several overlapping generations per year, and high adult and larval feeding rates. Observations from the insect’s native range and studies in South Africa suggest that A. extrema would probably be more suited to the subtropical, rather than the temperate areas in South Africa. Laboratory impact studies indicated that feeding damage by A. extrema larvae, over a period spanning the larval stage (16 to 20 days), reduced the above-ground biomass of L. camara plants by up to 29%. Higher larval populations resulted in a higher reduction of biomass. Varietal preference and suitability studies indicated that A. extrema exhibits a degree of varietal preference under laboratory conditions, with one of the white pink L. camara varieties proving the most suitable host. This variety is one of the most damaging varieties in South Africa and is particularly widespread in Mpumalanga Province. Although A. extrema proved to be damaging to L. camara, laboratory host range trials showed it to be an oligophagous species, capable of feeding and developing on several non-target species, especially two native Lippia species (Verbenaceae). The host suitability of these species was marginally lower than that of L. camara and the potential risk to these indigenous species was deemed to be too high to warrant release. It was therefore recommended that A. extrema not be considered for release in South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Williams, Hester Elizabeth
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Lantana camara , Lantana camara -- South Africa , Biological pest control agents -- South Africa , Chrysomelidae
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5783 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005471 , Lantana camara , Lantana camara -- South Africa , Biological pest control agents -- South Africa , Chrysomelidae
- Description: Lantana camara Linnaeus (Verbenaceae), commonly known as lantana, is a highly invasive weed in many parts of the world. In South Africa it is naturalized in several provinces where it invades pastures, riverbanks, mountain slopes and valleys and commercial and natural forests, forming dense, impenetrable thickets. Chemical and mechanical control methods are expensive, labour intensive and provide only temporary relief as cleared areas are rapidly reinfested by seedlings and coppice growth. A biological control programme was initiated in South Africa in the 1960s, but despite the establishment of 11 agent species, it was considered to have had limited success. Several factors are thought to restrict the impact of the biocontrol agents. Firstly, L. camara occurs in a range of climatic regions, some of which are unsuitable for the establishment of agent species of tropical and subtropical origin. Secondly, L. camara is the result of hybridization between several Lantana species, forming a complex of hybridized and hybridizing varieties in the field, which match none of the Lantana species in the region of origin. This causes partial insect-host incompatibility, displayed as varietal preference. Thirdly, parasitism appears to have significantly reduced the effectiveness of several natural enemies. In spite of all these constraints, biological control has reduced invasion by L. camara by 26%. However, the weed is still very damaging and additional natural enemies are required to reduce infestations further. A flea-beetle species, Alagoasa extrema Jacoby (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), was collected from several sites in the humid subtropical and tropical regions of Mexico, and imported into quarantine in South Africa and studied as a potential biocontrol agent for L. camara. Favourable biological characteristics of this beetle included long-lived adults, several overlapping generations per year, and high adult and larval feeding rates. Observations from the insect’s native range and studies in South Africa suggest that A. extrema would probably be more suited to the subtropical, rather than the temperate areas in South Africa. Laboratory impact studies indicated that feeding damage by A. extrema larvae, over a period spanning the larval stage (16 to 20 days), reduced the above-ground biomass of L. camara plants by up to 29%. Higher larval populations resulted in a higher reduction of biomass. Varietal preference and suitability studies indicated that A. extrema exhibits a degree of varietal preference under laboratory conditions, with one of the white pink L. camara varieties proving the most suitable host. This variety is one of the most damaging varieties in South Africa and is particularly widespread in Mpumalanga Province. Although A. extrema proved to be damaging to L. camara, laboratory host range trials showed it to be an oligophagous species, capable of feeding and developing on several non-target species, especially two native Lippia species (Verbenaceae). The host suitability of these species was marginally lower than that of L. camara and the potential risk to these indigenous species was deemed to be too high to warrant release. It was therefore recommended that A. extrema not be considered for release in South Africa.
- Full Text:
The unbalanced media diet: context gender
- Authors: Garman, Anthea
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/158762 , vital:40226 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC146262
- Description: When you look at the Southern African "media diet" served up for Africans to consume, you discover some curious things about the differential reporting on men and women.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Garman, Anthea
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/158762 , vital:40226 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC146262
- Description: When you look at the Southern African "media diet" served up for Africans to consume, you discover some curious things about the differential reporting on men and women.
- Full Text:
The union movement and South Africa's transition, 1994 - 2003
- NALEDI
- Authors: NALEDI
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: NALEDI
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/154168 , vital:39617
- Description: The new government faced enormous challenges when it came into office in 1994. For starters, the outgoing Apartheid leaders had thoroughly plundered the state coffers, awarding themselves and white civil servants massive pensions and 'golden handshakes'. The budget deficit was almost 9% of GDP The country/ had barely three weeks foreign exchange reserves, with a balance of payments crisis looming. The majority of inherited civil servants were generally hostile to the new government. The 'deep structures' of the State — by which I mean the ingrained habits and behaviour — were also generally hostile to the objectives of the democratic State. In addition, poverty levels were very high, and income inequality was among the worst in the world. And, of course, South Africa had the most institutionalised forms of racism in the world, which permeated through every law' and practice.
- Full Text:
- Authors: NALEDI
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: NALEDI
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/154168 , vital:39617
- Description: The new government faced enormous challenges when it came into office in 1994. For starters, the outgoing Apartheid leaders had thoroughly plundered the state coffers, awarding themselves and white civil servants massive pensions and 'golden handshakes'. The budget deficit was almost 9% of GDP The country/ had barely three weeks foreign exchange reserves, with a balance of payments crisis looming. The majority of inherited civil servants were generally hostile to the new government. The 'deep structures' of the State — by which I mean the ingrained habits and behaviour — were also generally hostile to the objectives of the democratic State. In addition, poverty levels were very high, and income inequality was among the worst in the world. And, of course, South Africa had the most institutionalised forms of racism in the world, which permeated through every law' and practice.
- Full Text:
The use of environmental education learning support materials in OBE the: case of the Creative Solutions to Waste project
- Authors: Mbanjwa, Sibonelo Glenton
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Environmental education -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Competency-based education -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Health education -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Creative Solutions to Waste Project
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1811 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003697
- Description: The Creative Solutions to Waste Project (CSW) is a local environmental education project, involving five Grahamstown schools, the local municipality; community members and the Rhodes University Environmental Education Unit, where I worked at the time this study was undertaken. In this research I explore the use of environmental education learning support materials (LSM) in Outcomes Based Education (OBE). I have employed a participatory action research approach informed by critical theory in this case study of the Creative Solutions to Waste project (CSW). The research focused on the ‘Waste Education’ materials and their use, developed and piloted during the pilot phase. The Waste Education materials were also used in phase one. In phase two, the research focused on the use of ‘Health and Water’ learning support materials in 4 Grahamstown schools. Research participants included educators, support team members, municipal officials, Department of Education officials, Department of Health (Eastern Cape) officials, the Health Promoting Schools committee and NGO representatives. I employed a range of data collection strategies including questionnaires, observations, field notes, semi-structured interviews, focus group interviews, workshops, reflective journal, videotapes, and photographs and documents analysis. The research process was collaboratively discussed and agreed upon by all the participants. This research indicated that the purpose influences the use of LSM. It also indicated the importance of mediation processes in the use of LSM. This study indicates that the designs of LSM and particular views of learning influence the way LSM are used. It does that by looking at how an active learning framework influenced the use of learning support materials and consequent learning processes. It also highlights the significance of paying attention to issues of language and literacy in the design of LSM, and how these factors influence the use of LSM. It also identified the tension between prescriptive and open-ended processes to professional development in supporting the use of LSM in contexts of curriculum change and transformation. This study also indicated the importance of reflexive processes to improve support process in the CSW project by demonstrating how the contributions and the roles of the support team were reflexively changed. I have reviewed the research processes in relation to the research design decisions made at the start of the project. This study lastly offers some recommendations for further research into the use of LSM, and how an understanding of LSM use may influence the development of LSM.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mbanjwa, Sibonelo Glenton
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Environmental education -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Competency-based education -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Health education -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Creative Solutions to Waste Project
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1811 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003697
- Description: The Creative Solutions to Waste Project (CSW) is a local environmental education project, involving five Grahamstown schools, the local municipality; community members and the Rhodes University Environmental Education Unit, where I worked at the time this study was undertaken. In this research I explore the use of environmental education learning support materials (LSM) in Outcomes Based Education (OBE). I have employed a participatory action research approach informed by critical theory in this case study of the Creative Solutions to Waste project (CSW). The research focused on the ‘Waste Education’ materials and their use, developed and piloted during the pilot phase. The Waste Education materials were also used in phase one. In phase two, the research focused on the use of ‘Health and Water’ learning support materials in 4 Grahamstown schools. Research participants included educators, support team members, municipal officials, Department of Education officials, Department of Health (Eastern Cape) officials, the Health Promoting Schools committee and NGO representatives. I employed a range of data collection strategies including questionnaires, observations, field notes, semi-structured interviews, focus group interviews, workshops, reflective journal, videotapes, and photographs and documents analysis. The research process was collaboratively discussed and agreed upon by all the participants. This research indicated that the purpose influences the use of LSM. It also indicated the importance of mediation processes in the use of LSM. This study indicates that the designs of LSM and particular views of learning influence the way LSM are used. It does that by looking at how an active learning framework influenced the use of learning support materials and consequent learning processes. It also highlights the significance of paying attention to issues of language and literacy in the design of LSM, and how these factors influence the use of LSM. It also identified the tension between prescriptive and open-ended processes to professional development in supporting the use of LSM in contexts of curriculum change and transformation. This study also indicated the importance of reflexive processes to improve support process in the CSW project by demonstrating how the contributions and the roles of the support team were reflexively changed. I have reviewed the research processes in relation to the research design decisions made at the start of the project. This study lastly offers some recommendations for further research into the use of LSM, and how an understanding of LSM use may influence the development of LSM.
- Full Text:
The use of social work services in criminal matters : an exploratory study of East London attorneys
- Authors: McCoy, Lee
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Social workers -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- South Africa -- East London Social service -- South Africa -- East London Lawyers -- South Africa -- Attitudes
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:712 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007587
- Description: This study explored the use of social work services by East London attorneys in criminal law matters. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and the data was saturated after 10 such interviews. In exploring the use of social work services, the study also considered the challenges and constraints experienced by lawyers in their use of expert witnesses from the Humanities generally; discussed the expectations lawyers have of expert witnesses and the presentencing reports they write and described the perceived impact of social work services on the presentation of cases in criminal matters. The focus on social work was aimed at exploring ways of increasing the use of social work as the profession of choice when attorneys call on expert witnesses. The literature revIew focussed on the individualisation of sentences, the general principles of punishment, finding an appropriate sentence, the so-called Triad of Zinn, the role of the social worker in criminal justice, the role of the legal social worker, the report, courtroom skills and the relationship between social work values and the law. Using purposive sampling of all legal firms in East London doing criminal work, ten attorneys were asked to participate in the study. A semi-structured interview based on a schedule of questions was used. The interviews were recorded and transcribed. The transcripts were analysed thematically. After ten interviews no new data was being generated and the topic was considered saturated. Further research is needed to build on the themes that emerged. The study argues that there is a place for social work services in criminal matters. It also, however, revealed that some of the respondents had had negative experiences when dealing with social workers. There were also positive responses and a commitment to establishing a more co-operative relationship between law and social work. Based on the research findings, the most important recommendation was to develop communication between the two professions and to provide inter-disciplinary training so as to promote an understanding of the roles and expectations of all involved in the criminal law process.
- Full Text:
- Authors: McCoy, Lee
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Social workers -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- South Africa -- East London Social service -- South Africa -- East London Lawyers -- South Africa -- Attitudes
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:712 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007587
- Description: This study explored the use of social work services by East London attorneys in criminal law matters. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and the data was saturated after 10 such interviews. In exploring the use of social work services, the study also considered the challenges and constraints experienced by lawyers in their use of expert witnesses from the Humanities generally; discussed the expectations lawyers have of expert witnesses and the presentencing reports they write and described the perceived impact of social work services on the presentation of cases in criminal matters. The focus on social work was aimed at exploring ways of increasing the use of social work as the profession of choice when attorneys call on expert witnesses. The literature revIew focussed on the individualisation of sentences, the general principles of punishment, finding an appropriate sentence, the so-called Triad of Zinn, the role of the social worker in criminal justice, the role of the legal social worker, the report, courtroom skills and the relationship between social work values and the law. Using purposive sampling of all legal firms in East London doing criminal work, ten attorneys were asked to participate in the study. A semi-structured interview based on a schedule of questions was used. The interviews were recorded and transcribed. The transcripts were analysed thematically. After ten interviews no new data was being generated and the topic was considered saturated. Further research is needed to build on the themes that emerged. The study argues that there is a place for social work services in criminal matters. It also, however, revealed that some of the respondents had had negative experiences when dealing with social workers. There were also positive responses and a commitment to establishing a more co-operative relationship between law and social work. Based on the research findings, the most important recommendation was to develop communication between the two professions and to provide inter-disciplinary training so as to promote an understanding of the roles and expectations of all involved in the criminal law process.
- Full Text:
The vegetation of the habitat of the Brenton blue butterfly, Orachrysops niobe (Trimen), in the Western Cape, South Africa
- Lubke, Roy, Hoare, D, Victor, J, Ketelaar, R
- Authors: Lubke, Roy , Hoare, D , Victor, J , Ketelaar, R
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6524 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005957
- Description: The Brenton blue butterfly is known only from a small population in one hectare of asteraceous coastal fynbos at Brenton-on-Sea. This fynbos is characterized by a great diversity of shrubs, herbs and graminoids, with a successional gradient to thicket where Pterocelastrus tricuspidatus is dominant. The eggs of the butterfly are laid on the lower side of the leaves of Indigofera erecta, on which the larvae feed. Fifteen 1-m² quadrats containing plants of Indigofera erecta with and without eggs of the butterfly were distinguished and sampled separately from 15 1-m² quadrats containing plants of Indigofera erecta without eggs. No marked differences in total vegetation, shrub or herb cover between the sites with and without eggs were observed. There was a difference in abundance of the fern Pteridium aquilinum, with over 30% cover at sites with no eggs and only about 6% at sites with eggs present. This could reflect the absence of other plants where the ferns had such dense cover.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Lubke, Roy , Hoare, D , Victor, J , Ketelaar, R
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6524 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005957
- Description: The Brenton blue butterfly is known only from a small population in one hectare of asteraceous coastal fynbos at Brenton-on-Sea. This fynbos is characterized by a great diversity of shrubs, herbs and graminoids, with a successional gradient to thicket where Pterocelastrus tricuspidatus is dominant. The eggs of the butterfly are laid on the lower side of the leaves of Indigofera erecta, on which the larvae feed. Fifteen 1-m² quadrats containing plants of Indigofera erecta with and without eggs of the butterfly were distinguished and sampled separately from 15 1-m² quadrats containing plants of Indigofera erecta without eggs. No marked differences in total vegetation, shrub or herb cover between the sites with and without eggs were observed. There was a difference in abundance of the fern Pteridium aquilinum, with over 30% cover at sites with no eggs and only about 6% at sites with eggs present. This could reflect the absence of other plants where the ferns had such dense cover.
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The World Internet Project:
- Authors: Kyazze, Sim
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/159116 , vital:40269 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC146247
- Description: Here's a disturbing detail from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP): only 1 in 118 Africans has access to the Internet. This ratio is actually skewed, partly because it averages out statistics in big countries (Egypt, South Africa) and the big cities (Johannesburg, Cairo, Cape Town, Lagos) with their poorer country cousins (Central African Republic, Mauritania).
- Full Text:
- Authors: Kyazze, Sim
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/159116 , vital:40269 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC146247
- Description: Here's a disturbing detail from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP): only 1 in 118 Africans has access to the Internet. This ratio is actually skewed, partly because it averages out statistics in big countries (Egypt, South Africa) and the big cities (Johannesburg, Cairo, Cape Town, Lagos) with their poorer country cousins (Central African Republic, Mauritania).
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The writing is on the wall: ways that work
- Authors: Amner, Roderick J
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/159102 , vital:40267 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC146296
- Description: When I proposed to 26 third-year journalism students that our writing class take inspiration from an idea pioneered in places as unfashionable and inhospitable as the former Soviet Union and Nepal, I should have expected the icy stares. But happily, within five weeks, this winter of classroom discontent, had begun to thaw into a tentative spring of journalistic and pedagogical innovation.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Amner, Roderick J
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/159102 , vital:40267 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC146296
- Description: When I proposed to 26 third-year journalism students that our writing class take inspiration from an idea pioneered in places as unfashionable and inhospitable as the former Soviet Union and Nepal, I should have expected the icy stares. But happily, within five weeks, this winter of classroom discontent, had begun to thaw into a tentative spring of journalistic and pedagogical innovation.
- Full Text:
Thermal responses in some Eastern Cape African Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)
- Sanborn, Allen F, Phillips, P K, Villet, Martin H
- Authors: Sanborn, Allen F , Phillips, P K , Villet, Martin H
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6918 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011881
- Description: Thermal responses were measured in cicadas collected in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The thermal responses of 22 species from 5 biomes were determined. Shade-seeking temperature was the most variable and related to the various biomes. Mean shade-seeking temperature was greatest for species inhabiting the thicket biome and lowest for species inhabiting the forest biome. The animals that live in the thicket biome may adapt to the greater thermal stress to take advantage of a habitat that permits lower predation pressure. There is a correlation between body size and shade-seeking temperatures with smaller species exhibiting lower thermal responses within a particular habitat. This may be related to the greater heat exchange in smaller species. Heat torpor temperatures did not differ between the various biomes.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Sanborn, Allen F , Phillips, P K , Villet, Martin H
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6918 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011881
- Description: Thermal responses were measured in cicadas collected in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The thermal responses of 22 species from 5 biomes were determined. Shade-seeking temperature was the most variable and related to the various biomes. Mean shade-seeking temperature was greatest for species inhabiting the thicket biome and lowest for species inhabiting the forest biome. The animals that live in the thicket biome may adapt to the greater thermal stress to take advantage of a habitat that permits lower predation pressure. There is a correlation between body size and shade-seeking temperatures with smaller species exhibiting lower thermal responses within a particular habitat. This may be related to the greater heat exchange in smaller species. Heat torpor temperatures did not differ between the various biomes.
- Full Text:
Those merry, tinkling, tuneful bells : handbells in Victorian Grahamstown with a note on bell ringing at Grahamstown Cathedral
- Authors: Berning, J M
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6993 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012420
- Description: [From the introduction]: The idea of using sets of small bells tuned to particular notes in order to produce music is very old. There are illustrations of slung bells being played in this way from the 11th and 12th centuries. Bell ringers in England date the sue of sets of tuned and hand-held bells from as early as the 16th century though it seems that the modern handbell may have come into existence in the early 18th century. Such bells were used by tower bell ringers as convenient practice devices for change ringing. The ringing of tunes on handbells became popular in the 18th century and reached its heyday in the latter half of the 19th century. In England tune ringing was especially popular in the north and major competitions had their centre at Manchester. Special trains were run to competitions there and bands, ringing up to 200 bells, could find their skills tested on extracts from Mozart's Don Giovanni. World War I and the spread of alternative media of entertainment like radio put an end to ringing on this scale. , This publication marked the 150th Anniversary of the Diocese of Grahamstown. Michael Berning was a member of the Rhodes University Library staff from 1965 until his retirement in 1997. He was Tower Captain of the Grahamstown Cathedral during the 1980s.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Berning, J M
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6993 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012420
- Description: [From the introduction]: The idea of using sets of small bells tuned to particular notes in order to produce music is very old. There are illustrations of slung bells being played in this way from the 11th and 12th centuries. Bell ringers in England date the sue of sets of tuned and hand-held bells from as early as the 16th century though it seems that the modern handbell may have come into existence in the early 18th century. Such bells were used by tower bell ringers as convenient practice devices for change ringing. The ringing of tunes on handbells became popular in the 18th century and reached its heyday in the latter half of the 19th century. In England tune ringing was especially popular in the north and major competitions had their centre at Manchester. Special trains were run to competitions there and bands, ringing up to 200 bells, could find their skills tested on extracts from Mozart's Don Giovanni. World War I and the spread of alternative media of entertainment like radio put an end to ringing on this scale. , This publication marked the 150th Anniversary of the Diocese of Grahamstown. Michael Berning was a member of the Rhodes University Library staff from 1965 until his retirement in 1997. He was Tower Captain of the Grahamstown Cathedral during the 1980s.
- Full Text:
Threatened plants of the Albany Centre of Floristic Endemism, South Africa
- Victor, A E, Dold, Anthony P
- Authors: Victor, A E , Dold, Anthony P
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6555 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006013
- Description: We present Red List assessments of threatened plants of the Albany Centre of Floristic Endemism in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. We evaluated the status of taxa using categories and criteria adopted by the World Conservation Union (IUCN) in 1994 and updated in 2001. In total, 126 taxa are threatened with extinction in the Albany Centre, and six are now extinct. A further 22 are listed as Data Deficient. In the past, agriculture has been a severe threat to the survival of rare species in this part of the Eastern Cape; the main threats to the continuing existence of threatened plants in this area are illegal collecting, residential development and urban growth.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Victor, A E , Dold, Anthony P
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6555 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006013
- Description: We present Red List assessments of threatened plants of the Albany Centre of Floristic Endemism in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. We evaluated the status of taxa using categories and criteria adopted by the World Conservation Union (IUCN) in 1994 and updated in 2001. In total, 126 taxa are threatened with extinction in the Albany Centre, and six are now extinct. A further 22 are listed as Data Deficient. In the past, agriculture has been a severe threat to the survival of rare species in this part of the Eastern Cape; the main threats to the continuing existence of threatened plants in this area are illegal collecting, residential development and urban growth.
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Towards a norm in South African Englishes: the case for Xhosa English
- Authors: De Klerk, Vivian A
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6131 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011583
- Description: Black South African English (BSAE) is generally regarded today as the variety of English commonly used by mother-tongue speakers of South Africa's indigenous African languages in areas where English is not the language of the majority. Its roots lie in the history of the teaching of English to the black people of this country, where the role models who teach English are second language learners themselves. To date, BSAE has mainly been studied within an applied linguistic framework with emphasis on its character as a second language which is deviant from standard English. An alternative view is to see it as a variety in its own right, a new or world English (Coetsee Van Rooy and Verhoef, 2000; van der Walt and van Rooy, 2002). As a consequence, a new look at norms is becoming increasingly necessary, so that decisions about learners' language competence can be made in terms of this variety. This paper reports on preliminary analyses of a recently collected corpus of Xhosa English (XE) (a sub-category of BSAE) which consists of naturalistic spoken data, and comprises some 540,000 words of Xhosa English. This large database enables empirical analysis of actual patterns of use in language, making it possible to test earlier speculations which have been based on intuition, and to explore the possibility of systematic differences in the patterns of structure and use in this particular variety. The paper focuses on 20 separate linguistic characteristics, most of which have been previously identified in the literature as being features of BSAE, and analyses each of them in turn, in order to ascertain their usage patterns and frequency of occurrence in the corpus.
- Full Text:
- Authors: De Klerk, Vivian A
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6131 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011583
- Description: Black South African English (BSAE) is generally regarded today as the variety of English commonly used by mother-tongue speakers of South Africa's indigenous African languages in areas where English is not the language of the majority. Its roots lie in the history of the teaching of English to the black people of this country, where the role models who teach English are second language learners themselves. To date, BSAE has mainly been studied within an applied linguistic framework with emphasis on its character as a second language which is deviant from standard English. An alternative view is to see it as a variety in its own right, a new or world English (Coetsee Van Rooy and Verhoef, 2000; van der Walt and van Rooy, 2002). As a consequence, a new look at norms is becoming increasingly necessary, so that decisions about learners' language competence can be made in terms of this variety. This paper reports on preliminary analyses of a recently collected corpus of Xhosa English (XE) (a sub-category of BSAE) which consists of naturalistic spoken data, and comprises some 540,000 words of Xhosa English. This large database enables empirical analysis of actual patterns of use in language, making it possible to test earlier speculations which have been based on intuition, and to explore the possibility of systematic differences in the patterns of structure and use in this particular variety. The paper focuses on 20 separate linguistic characteristics, most of which have been previously identified in the literature as being features of BSAE, and analyses each of them in turn, in order to ascertain their usage patterns and frequency of occurrence in the corpus.
- Full Text:
Transcendence in Patrick White: the imagery of the Tree of Man and Voss
- Authors: Van Niekerk, Timothy
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: White, Patrick, 1912-1990. Tree of man , White, Patrick, 1912-1990. Voss
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2254 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004269 , White, Patrick, 1912-1990. Tree of man , White, Patrick, 1912-1990. Voss
- Description: This study represents an exploration of White's concept of transcendence in The Tree of Man and Voss by means of a detailed account of some of the key patterns of imagery deployed in these novels. White's imagery is a key mode of expression in his work, not simply manifesting in overarching religious symbols and framing structures but figuring in constantly modulated tropes continuous with the narrative, as well as in minor, but no less significant images occasionally susceptible to etymological or onomastic reading. While no attempt is made to provide an exhaustive exploration of the tropes at work in these novels, a sufficient range of material is covered, and its metaphoric density adequately penetrated, to highlight and explore a fundamental concern in White's work with a paradoxical unity underlying the dualities inherent in temporal existence. A useful way of approaching his fiction is to view the perpetual modulations of his imagery as the dramatisation of an enantiodromia or play of opposites, in which the conflicts of duality are elaborated and paradoxically - though typically only momentarily - resolved. This resolution or coincidence of opposites is a significant feature of his notion of transcendence as well as his depictions of illuminatory experience, and in this respect White's metaphysics share an essential characteristic, not only of Christianity, but a range of religious and mythological systems concerned with expressing a transcendent reality. Despite these analogies, however, the novels at hand are not so tightly bound to Christian, or any other, meaning-making systems so as to constitute sustained allegories, and hence this study does not aim to chart a series of correspondences between White's images and biblical or mythological symbols. Indeed, a criticism often levelled at White - with The Tree of Man and Voss typically figuring in support of this claim - is that he too rigidly imposes religious frameworks on his work. An extension of this view is formulated in the Jungian critique of White's corpus offered by David Tacey, who argues that White's conception of transcendence is consistently challenged by the archetypal significance of the images he employs, which point to a contrary process of psycho-spiritual regression in his protagonists. In a fundamentally text-based approach, this study explores White's use of imagery while taking biblical resonances and archetypal interpretations into account, and suggests that, though White's images are highly allusive, they are not merely agents of imported Christian, or other traditional symbolic values. Nor do they undermine the authenticity of his depiction of the spirituality of his protagonists, or obtrude on the fabric of the narrative. Instead, the range of his images are - though often ambivalent - integral to a network of mercurial tropes which articulate and constantly evaluate a notion of transcendence through inflections and oscillations rather than equations of meaning.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Van Niekerk, Timothy
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: White, Patrick, 1912-1990. Tree of man , White, Patrick, 1912-1990. Voss
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2254 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004269 , White, Patrick, 1912-1990. Tree of man , White, Patrick, 1912-1990. Voss
- Description: This study represents an exploration of White's concept of transcendence in The Tree of Man and Voss by means of a detailed account of some of the key patterns of imagery deployed in these novels. White's imagery is a key mode of expression in his work, not simply manifesting in overarching religious symbols and framing structures but figuring in constantly modulated tropes continuous with the narrative, as well as in minor, but no less significant images occasionally susceptible to etymological or onomastic reading. While no attempt is made to provide an exhaustive exploration of the tropes at work in these novels, a sufficient range of material is covered, and its metaphoric density adequately penetrated, to highlight and explore a fundamental concern in White's work with a paradoxical unity underlying the dualities inherent in temporal existence. A useful way of approaching his fiction is to view the perpetual modulations of his imagery as the dramatisation of an enantiodromia or play of opposites, in which the conflicts of duality are elaborated and paradoxically - though typically only momentarily - resolved. This resolution or coincidence of opposites is a significant feature of his notion of transcendence as well as his depictions of illuminatory experience, and in this respect White's metaphysics share an essential characteristic, not only of Christianity, but a range of religious and mythological systems concerned with expressing a transcendent reality. Despite these analogies, however, the novels at hand are not so tightly bound to Christian, or any other, meaning-making systems so as to constitute sustained allegories, and hence this study does not aim to chart a series of correspondences between White's images and biblical or mythological symbols. Indeed, a criticism often levelled at White - with The Tree of Man and Voss typically figuring in support of this claim - is that he too rigidly imposes religious frameworks on his work. An extension of this view is formulated in the Jungian critique of White's corpus offered by David Tacey, who argues that White's conception of transcendence is consistently challenged by the archetypal significance of the images he employs, which point to a contrary process of psycho-spiritual regression in his protagonists. In a fundamentally text-based approach, this study explores White's use of imagery while taking biblical resonances and archetypal interpretations into account, and suggests that, though White's images are highly allusive, they are not merely agents of imported Christian, or other traditional symbolic values. Nor do they undermine the authenticity of his depiction of the spirituality of his protagonists, or obtrude on the fabric of the narrative. Instead, the range of his images are - though often ambivalent - integral to a network of mercurial tropes which articulate and constantly evaluate a notion of transcendence through inflections and oscillations rather than equations of meaning.
- Full Text:
Versions of confinement: Melville's bodies and the psychology of conquest
- Authors: Goddard, Kevin Graham
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Melville, Herman, 1819-1891 -- Criticism and interpretation Human body in literature
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2216 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002259
- Description: This thesis explores aspects of Melville’s presentation of both the whale and the human bodies in Moby-Dick and human bodies in other important novels. It argues that Melville uses his presentation of bodies to explore some of the versions of confinement those bodies experience, and by doing so, analyses the psychology which subtends that confinement. Throughout Melville’s works bodies are confined, both within literal spatial limits and by the psychology which creates and/or accepts these spatial limits. The thesis argues that perhaps the most important version of bodily confinement Melville addresses is the impulse to conquer bodies, both that of the other and one’s own. It adopts a largely psychoanalytic approach to interpreting bodies and their impulse to conquer, so that the body is seen to figure both in its actions and its external appearance the operations of the inner psyche. The figure of the body is equally prevalent in Melville’s exploration of nationalist conquest, where, as with Manifest Destiny and antebellum expansionism, the psychological and physical lack experienced by characters can be read as motivating factors in the ideology of conquest. A final important strand of the thesis is its argument in favour of a gradual shift in Melville’s interpretation of the value and possibility of genuine communion between human beings and between humans and the whale. One may read Typee as an attempt by Melville to explore the possibility of a this-worldly utopia in which human beings can return to a version of primitive interconnectedness. This exploration may be seen to be extended in Moby-Dick, particularly in Ishmael’s attempts to find communion with others and in some moments of encounter with the whales. The thesis uses phenomenology as a theory to interpret what Melville is trying to suggest in these moments of encounter. However, it argues, finally, that such encounter, or ‘intersubjectivity’ is eventually jettisoned, especially in the works after Moby-Dick. By the end of Melville’s life and work, any hope of an intersubjective utopia he may have harboured as a younger man have been removed in favour of a refusal actually to assert any final ‘truth’ about social, political or even religious experience. Billy Budd, his last body, is hanged, and his final word is silence.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Goddard, Kevin Graham
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Melville, Herman, 1819-1891 -- Criticism and interpretation Human body in literature
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2216 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002259
- Description: This thesis explores aspects of Melville’s presentation of both the whale and the human bodies in Moby-Dick and human bodies in other important novels. It argues that Melville uses his presentation of bodies to explore some of the versions of confinement those bodies experience, and by doing so, analyses the psychology which subtends that confinement. Throughout Melville’s works bodies are confined, both within literal spatial limits and by the psychology which creates and/or accepts these spatial limits. The thesis argues that perhaps the most important version of bodily confinement Melville addresses is the impulse to conquer bodies, both that of the other and one’s own. It adopts a largely psychoanalytic approach to interpreting bodies and their impulse to conquer, so that the body is seen to figure both in its actions and its external appearance the operations of the inner psyche. The figure of the body is equally prevalent in Melville’s exploration of nationalist conquest, where, as with Manifest Destiny and antebellum expansionism, the psychological and physical lack experienced by characters can be read as motivating factors in the ideology of conquest. A final important strand of the thesis is its argument in favour of a gradual shift in Melville’s interpretation of the value and possibility of genuine communion between human beings and between humans and the whale. One may read Typee as an attempt by Melville to explore the possibility of a this-worldly utopia in which human beings can return to a version of primitive interconnectedness. This exploration may be seen to be extended in Moby-Dick, particularly in Ishmael’s attempts to find communion with others and in some moments of encounter with the whales. The thesis uses phenomenology as a theory to interpret what Melville is trying to suggest in these moments of encounter. However, it argues, finally, that such encounter, or ‘intersubjectivity’ is eventually jettisoned, especially in the works after Moby-Dick. By the end of Melville’s life and work, any hope of an intersubjective utopia he may have harboured as a younger man have been removed in favour of a refusal actually to assert any final ‘truth’ about social, political or even religious experience. Billy Budd, his last body, is hanged, and his final word is silence.
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