Screening of entomopathogenic fungi against citrus mealybug, Plannococcus citri (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)
- Authors: Chartier FitzGerald, Veronique C , Hill, Martin P , Moore, Sean D , Dames, Joanna F
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/407059 , vital:70333 , xlink:href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC195093"
- Description: Planococcus citri (citrus mealybug) is a common and damaging citrus crop pest which has proven difficult to control using conventional methods, such as chemical pesticides and insect growth regulators, particularly late in the citrus growing season. The virulence of two entomopathogenic fungal species was studied in laboratory bioassays against the crawlers and adults of P. citri. Isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana, collected from citrus orchards in the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa, were verified using and molecular techniques. Mealybug bioassays were performed in 24-well plates. Beauveria bassiana (GAR 17 B3) and M. anisopliae (FCM AR 23 B3) isolates both resulted in 67.5 % mortality of mealybug crawlers and B. bassiana (GB AR 23 13 3) resulted in 64 % crawler mortality with concentrations of 1 x 107 conidia/ml. These three isolates were further tested in multipledose bioassays to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50), which were 5.29 x 105conidia/ml for the M. anisopliae isolate (FCM AR 23 B3), 4.25 x 106 conidia/ml for B. bassiana (GAR 17 B3), and 6.65 x 107 conidia/ml B. bassiana (GB AR 23 13 3) for crawlers, respectively. The results of this study suggested that two isolates (M. anisopliae FCM AR 23 B3 and B. bassiana GAR 17 B3) showed potential for further development as biological control agents against citrus mealybug. Further research would be required to determine their ability to perform under field conditions.
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- Date Issued: 2016
SEAmester – South Africa’s first class afloat
- Authors: Ansorge, Isabelle J , Brundrit, Geoff , Brundrit, Jean , Dorrington, Rosemary A , Fawcett, Sarah , Gammon, David , Henry, Tahlia , Hermes, Juliet , Hölscher, Beate , d’Hotman, Jethan , Meiklejohn, Ian , Morris, Tammy , Pinto, Izidine , Du Plessis, Marcel , Roman, Raymond , Saunders, Clinton , Shabangu, Fannie W , De Vos, Marc , Walker, David R , Louw, Gavin
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/65539 , vital:28808 , https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2016/a0171
- Description: publisher version , From Introduction: Marine science is a highly competitive environment. The need to improve the cohort of South African postgraduates, who would be recognised both nationally and internationally for their scientific excellence, is crucial. It is possible to attract students early on in their careers to this discipline via cutting-edge science, technology and unique field experiences. Through the engagement of students with real-life experiences such as SEAmester, universities supporting marine science postgraduate degree programmes can attract a sustainable throughput of numerically proficient students. By achieving a more quantitative and experienced input into our postgraduate degree programmes, we will, as a scientific community, greatly improve our long-term capabilities to accurately measure, model and predict the impacts of current climate change scenarios. The short-term goal is to attract and establish a cohort of proficient marine and atmospheric science graduates who will contribute to filling the capacity needs of South African marine science as a whole. The SEAmester programme, by involving researchers from across all the relevant disciplines and tertiary institutions, provides an opportunity to build a network of collaborative teaching within the marine field. In doing so, these researchers will foster and strengthen new and current collaborations between historically white and black universities (Figure 1). The long-term objective of SEAmester is to build critical mass within the marine sciences to ensure sustained growth of human capacity in marine science in South Africa – aligning closely with the current DST Research and Development strategies and the Operation Phakisa Oceans Economy initiative.
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- Date Issued: 2016
Sentential negation in South African Sign Language: A case study
- Authors: De Barros, Courtney , Siebörger, Ian
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/385377 , vital:68013 , xlink:href=" https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC-4acb542a9"
- Description: As with other sign languages, South African Sign Language (SASL) expresses negation using both manual and non-manual features. In this case study, naturalistic data provided by two native signers of SASL are analysed to show the syntactic relationship between these two sets of features. Using a Principles and Parameters approach and Government and Binding Theory, we investigate the syntactic scope of negation in our SASL data. We observe that side-to-side headshake, as a non-manual feature, appears to be the chief clausal negator in SASL, with a clause-final manual negative particle, NOT, playing a secondary role. We describe the negative headshake as a featural affix which is base-generated in the head of NegP and triggers V-to- Neg raising. The negative particle NOT appears to be base-generated in the Specifier of NegP. Suggestions for further syntactic research on SASL are provided.
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- Date Issued: 2016
Sex and Loneliness: Banele Khoza’s 'Temporary Feelings'
- Authors: Lila, Philiswa
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147149 , vital:38597 , https://artthrob.co.za/2016/07/28/sex-and-loneliness-banele-khozas-temporary-feelings/
- Description: Banele Khoza grapples with short sharp emotions in his solo exhibition at the Pretoria Art Museum. Entitled ‘Temporary Feelings,’ the exhibition is very personal, yet critically engaging with issues of relationships, communication, social media and sexuality. He brings his vulnerability into the gallery space: what it means to be lonely, even though surrounded by people.
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- Date Issued: 2016
Sha-1 and the strict avalanche criterion
- Authors: Motara, Yusuf, M , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/429010 , vital:72553 , https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7802926
- Description: The Strict Avalanche Criterion (SAC) is a measure of both confusion and diffusion, which are key properties of a cryptographic hash function. This work provides a working definition of the SAC, describes an experimental methodology that can be used to statistically evaluate whether a cryptographic hash meets the SAC, and uses this to investigate the degree to which compression function of the SHA-1 hash meets the SAC. The results (P 0.01) are heartening: SHA-1 closely tracks the SAC after the first 24 rounds, and demonstrates excellent properties of confusion and diffusion throughout.
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- Date Issued: 2016
SIERRA: ERM and usage statistics
- Authors: Van der Walt, Wynand , Innovative User Group Southern Africa (IUGSA), 14th Annual Conference : 2016 : Vanderbijlpark, Gauteng
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Library science
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/5611 , vital:20946
- Description: This paper outlines the processes involved in incorporating e-resources usages statistics into the ERM module within Sierra. The challenges and results of using the JR1 COUNTER statistics within the ERM module will be discussed.
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- Date Issued: 2016
Soil biota in a megadiverse country current knowledge and future research directions in South Africa
- Authors: Janion-Scheepers, Charlene , Measey, John , Braschler, Brigitte , Chown, Steven L , Coetzee, Louisee , Colville, Jonathan F , Dames, Joanna F , Davies, Andrew B , Davies, Sarah J , Davis, Adrian L V , Dippenaar-Schoeman, Ansi S , Duffy, Grant A , Fouries, Driekie , Griffiths, Charles , Haddad, Charles R , Hamer, Michelle , Herbert, David G , Hugo-Coetzee, Elizabeth A , Jacobs, Adriaanas , Jacobs, Karin , Jansen van Rensburg, Candice , Lamani, Siviwe , Lotz, Leon N , vdm Louw, Schalk , Lyle, Robin , Malan, Antoinette P , Marais, Mariette , Neethling, Jan-Andries , Nxele, Thembeka , Plisko, Danuta J , Prendini, Lorenzo , Rink, Ariella N , Swart, Antionette , Theron, Pieter , Truter, Mariette , Ueckermnn, Eddie , Uys, Vivienne M , Villet, Martin H , Willows-Munro, Sandy , Wilson, R U
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/448682 , vital:74751 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2016.03.004
- Description: Soils are integral to agricultural productivity, biodiversity, and the maintenance of ecosystem services. However, soil ecosystem research depends on foundational biological knowledge that is often missing. In this review, we present a comprehensive, cross-taxa overview of the soil biota of South Africa. We discuss the literature and sampling methods used to assess soil biota, the available taxonomic expertise and main collections within South Africa, the availability of identification guides and online resources, and the status and distribution of described species. We include species lists for all South African soil biota and, for groups with sufficient distribution records, species richness maps. Despite South Africa being only 0.8% of the earth’s terrestrial area, it contains nearly 1.8% of the world’s described soil species (mean per taxon 3.64%, range 0.17–15%; n = 36 groups), with nematodes and earthworms showing a remarkable (6.4 and 7.7%) proportion of globally described diversity. Endemism is high for most groups, ranging from 33–92%. However, major knowledge gaps exist for most soil biota groups. While sampling has been relatively comprehensive in some areas for a few groups (particularly those with direct socioeconomic impacts), the Nama-Karoo, Northern Cape and Eastern Cape are poorly sampled. Natural soils in biodiversity hotspots, such as the Fynbos Biome, are also understudied. We argue that a more integrative approach to acquiring foundational knowledge in soil biodiversity is needed if applied soil research is to be effective in ensuring sustainable soil health. Considerable investment will be required to bring our understanding of the soil biodiversity in this megadiverse region to a level where the Millennium Development Goals can be reached.
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- Date Issued: 2016
Soil microbial properties and apple tree performance under conventional and organic management
- Authors: Meyer, André Harold
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Soil management South Africa Western Cape , Agricultural chemicals Environmental aspects , Soil microbiology South Africa Western Cape , Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas , Enzymes Biotechnology , Apples Organic farming South Africa Western Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/64545 , vital:28557
- Description: Conventional (CON) soil management that permits the use of agrochemicals is currently the most common form of management in Western Cape deciduous fruit orchards. There is increasing pressure to minimise or eliminate synthetic agrochemical usage due to its potentially harmful effect on the environment, particularly to non-target soil microorganisms, and to the functions and processes they perform or mediate. In apple orchards, organic (ORG) practices exclude the use of synthetic pesticides and herbicides making use instead of organic fertilisers and naturally derived products as defined by organic certification programs. ORG practices aim to improve nutrient availability, yield, and long-term orchard sustainability relative to CON orchard management practices. If ORG and CON orchard floor management practices affect orchard ecosystems differently, such differences should be measurable in terms of differences in microbiological parameters. In this thesis it is hypothesised that ORG practices would induce positive soil microbiological responses in Western Cape apple orchards relative to CON practices, and by inference general soil health and apple tree performance. To test this hypothesis a polyphasic approach was adopted. This involved measurement of soil microbial activities and functional diversities, by enzyme activity (using colorimetric assays) and carbon-substrate utilisation (using the BIOLOG™ system), respectively. With reference to the enzyme analyses, the performance of a literature-validated, enzyme-based soil health index was also tested. The analyses were supported by coarse-level comparisons of the magnitude of bacteria, fungi, actinobacteria and total heterotroph populations using traditional culturing techniques (dilution plating on growth media). The extent to which the microbial status differed between the applied ORG and CON treatments was thought likely to reflect such treatment-induced variables as soil nutrient status, apple tree nutritional response, tree growth and yield, all of which were determined. Because the root systems of deciduous fruit trees commonly extend to depths >60 cm in well-prepared soils, microbial enzyme activities in the soil depth intervals corresponding to the lower rootzone, were also investigated. This research was carried out in a randomized field trial. Finally, to gain a broader understanding of the effects of contrasting soil management systems on soil microbiology under a greater variety of environmental conditions, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal dynamics were explored in a survey of commercial apple orchards. These orchards were selected to span the range of environmental conditions that occur in the apple production areas of the Western Cape. Orchard soils under ORG management promoted richer microbial ecosystems, and appeared to be better able to sustain community metabolic diversity and, by inference, the functions mediated by soil microbial communities, than those under CON management. This implies that ORG approaches possibly afford a better option to sustain critical ecosystem functions than CON management. This possibly explains why use of straw mulches and compost in accordance with ORG practices, compared with CON practices, promoted β-glucosidase, acid phosphatase and urease activities rather than affecting the abundance of the micro-organisms that produce these enzymes. Enzyme activities in the 0–30 cm soil intervals were also more effectively promoted by ORG than CON practices, although no differences were observed at lower depth intervals. ORG practices promoted functional AM associations more effectively than CON practices, but the abundance of glomalin, a beneficial by-product of AM fungi, was unaffected. The greater enzyme activities and higher root colonisation levels in the ORG treatments probably contributed to improved nutritional effects that caused greater vegetative growth, but lower yields, in the ORG treatments. Yield suppression was conceivably due to excessive vegetative growth induced by oversupply of compost and the mineral nutrients contained therein. The survey of Western Cape apple orchards suggested that neither glomalin nor root colonisation bore any specific relationship to production area, cultivation practice, scion x rootstock combination, or, in the case of root colonisation, with any chemical parameters. However, the effect of season on glomalin was conclusively shown, being higher in summer than in spring, as was the lack of any effect of year on glomalin and root colonisation. Collectively, these results showed that ORG soil management promote soil microbiology, soil nutrient status, and apple tree performance compared to CON management. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2016
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- Date Issued: 2016
Song analysis of South African pygmy bladder cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadettinae: Tettigomyiini).
- Authors: Sanborn, Allen F , Phillips, Polly K F , Villet, Martin H
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/442319 , vital:73975 , https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/saw024
- Description: The callings songs of five species from three genera of South African pygmy bladder cicadas are analyzed. The call of each species has a distinct temporal pattern and frequency spectrum. The songs are of significantly lower frequency than would be predicted based on body mass or body length. Comparison of bladder cicada calls from Australia and South Africa show similar lower than predicted frequencies in species of independent evolutionary origin. The inflated abdomen found in these cicadas appears to be a convergent adaptation to permit more efficient song production at lower carrier frequencies that increase the distance the songs will travel.
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- Date Issued: 2016
Spectroscopic investigations and theoretical calculations of DABCO induced xanthene bridged self-assembled zinc (II) porphyrin dimer
- Authors: Xu, Li , Huang, Tingting , Liang, Xu , Mack, John , Harris, Jessica , Nyokong, Tebello , Li, Minzhi , Zhu, Weihua
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/240732 , vital:50866 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S1088424616500231"
- Description: An in-depth study of the electronic structure of a 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) induced molecular self-assembled xanthene-bridged and amide-bonded porphyrin dimer is reported. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations are used to identify trends in the optical spectroscopic properties. B3LYP geometry optimization predicts the formation of an almost perfectly eclipsed structure with respect to the two porphyrin rings with the analogous pyrrole nitrogens separated by 7.7–8.1 Å. The observed distinctive derivative-shaped band morphology of the pseudo-Faraday-A11 terms in the MCD spectra has been used to identify the main electronic Q and B-bands and to validate the TD-DFT calculations. The absence of a discernible splitting of the redox steps or a quenching of the fluorescence demonstrates that there is no significant exciton coupling between the two porphyrin rings.
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- Date Issued: 2016
Sperm ultrastructure and spermatodesm morphology of the spittle bug Locris transversa (Thunberg 1822)(Hemiptera: Cercopidae)
- Authors: Hodgson, Alan N , Ridgeway, Jaryd A , Villet, Martin H
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/442333 , vital:73976 , https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2016.1157104
- Description: The structure of the spermatozoon and spermatodesm of the spittlebug Locris transversa (Thunberg 1822) was investigated by light and transmission electron microscopy. Males produced only one size class of sperm, which was 93–106 μm long. During spermatogenesis groups of spermatozoa are arranged around, and attached by their acrosomes to, a small central extracellular matrix to form a ball-shaped spermatodesm. Spermatodesmata were found in the testis, vas deferens and seminal vesicle of males and spermatheca of females. The sperm are filiform, each consisting of a ~15-μm-long head containing an anteriorly positioned conical ~2-μm-long acrosome and ~13-μm-long nucleus, and a midpiece and tail with a 9+9+2 axoneme. The acrosome, which has two posterior extensions that lie along one side of the anterior region of the nucleus, contains longitudinally orientated microfilaments. The nucleus has two unequal anterior extensions, whereas posteriorly it is flattened laterally to accommodate a putative centriolar adjunct and anterior ends of the two mitochondrial derivatives. The basal body lies posterior to the nucleus. The mitochondrial derivatives are elongated and extend for almost the entire length of the tail. The tail has glycogen within its centre, and towards its terminal end large deposits of glycogen surround the mitochondrial derivatives and axoneme. Compared to other members of the Cicadomorpha, the spermatozoa and spermatodesms of cercopids so far studied have some structural features in common with cicadellids and others in common with cicadas; therefore, if sperm features are to be useful in phylogenetic studies of cicadomorphs, attention must be given to examining key taxa to establish which character states are plesiomorphic or apomorphic.
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- Date Issued: 2016
Sport consumption patterns in the Eastern Cape: cricket spectators as sporting univores or omnivores
- Authors: Brock, Kelcey , Fraser, Gavin C G , Botha, Ferdi
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69362 , vital:29508 , https://doi.org/10.4102/jef.v9i3.64
- Description: Since its inception, consumption behaviour theory has developed to account for the important social aspects that underpin or at least to some extent explain consumer behaviour. Empirical studies on consumption behaviour of cultural activities, entertainment and sport have used Bourdieu’s (1984) omnivore/univore theory to investigate consumption of leisure activities. The aim of this study is to investigate whether South African cricket spectators are sporting omnivores or univores. The study was conducted among cricket spectators in the Eastern Cape at four limited overs cricket matches in the 2012/2013 cricket season. The results indicate that consumption behaviour of sport predominantly differs on the grounds of education and race. This suggests that there are aspects of social connotations underpinning sports consumption behaviour within South Africa.
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- Date Issued: 2016
Spotlight on the Art of Darkness: The Kin Artstudio
- Authors: Tshilumba Mukendi, J S
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/146434 , vital:38525 , https://artafricamagazine.org/magazine-archive/?v=e4dd286dc7d7
- Description: Issue December 2016. What Really Matters.
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- Date Issued: 2016
Stigma resistance in online childfree communities: The limitations of choice rhetoric
- Authors: Morison, Tracy , Macleod, Catriona I , Lynch, Ingrid , Shivakumar, Seemanthini T
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/446299 , vital:74488 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1177/0361684315603657"
- Description: People who are voluntarily childless, or ‘‘childfree,’’ face considerable stigma. Researchers have begun to explore how these individuals respond to stigma, usually focusing on interpersonal stigma management strategies. We explored participants’ responses to stigma in a way that is cognisant of broader social norms and gender power relations. Using a feminist discursive psychology framework, we analysed women’s and men’s computer-assisted communication about their childfree status. Our analysis draws attention to ‘‘identity work’’ in the context of stigma. We show how the strategic use of ‘‘choice’’ rhetoric allowed participants to avoid stigmatised identities and was used in two contradictory ways. On the one hand, participants drew on a ‘‘childfree-by-choice script,’’ which enabled them to hold a positive identity of themselves as autonomous, rational, and responsible decision makers. On the other hand, they mobilised a ‘‘disavowal of choice script’’ that allowed a person who is unable to choose childlessness (for various reasons) to hold a blameless identity regarding deviation from the norm of parenthood. We demonstrate how choice rhetoric allowed participants to resist stigma and challenge pronatalism to some extent; we discuss the political potential of these scripts for reproductive freedom.
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- Date Issued: 2016
Structure based docking and molecular dynamic studies of plasmodial cysteine proteases against a South African natural compound and its analogs:
- Authors: Musyoka, Thommas M , Kanzi, Aquillah M , Lobb, Kevin A , Tastan Bishop, Özlem
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148027 , vital:38703 , DOI: 10.1038/srep23690
- Description: Identification of potential drug targets as well as development of novel antimalarial chemotherapies with unique mode of actions due to drug resistance by Plasmodium parasites are inevitable. Falcipains (falcipain-2 and falcipain-3) of Plasmodium falciparum, which catalyse the haemoglobin degradation process, are validated drug targets. Previous attempts to develop peptide based drugs against these enzymes have been futile due to the poor pharmacological profiles and susceptibility to degradation by host enzymes. This study aimed to identify potential non-peptide inhibitors against falcipains and their homologs from other Plasmodium species.
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- Date Issued: 2016
Study into the synthesis, characterisation and applications of Vanadium-based metal organic frameworks, using 1, 2, 4, 5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid
- Authors: Feldmann, Wesley
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/55245 , vital:26680
- Description: This study focussed on the synthesis, characterisation and catalytic application of synthesised vanadium-based Metal-Organic Frameworks using 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid as a ligand. A number of synthetic methods were tested in multiple attempts to synthesise a V-MOF, these included; ambient, gel, reflux and solvothermal methods of synthesis. Two products of interest were identified, an ambient synthesis produced a vanadium-based complex with the empirical formula: V2O2(Na2H2B4C).6H2O (RU-V2) and a solvothermal synthesis produced a MOF with the empirical formula: V2O2(H2O)2(B4C) (RU-V1). Both products were characterised using elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction. The catalytic activity of these products was tested, alongside the activity of the solid decavanadate ion, for the conversion of cyclohexene to cyclohexene oxide. The decavanadate ion was included to determine if the ion was catalytically active in the solid state, to potentially be used in the construction of a future MOF or V-complex. The reaction for the conversion of cyclohexene to cyclohexene oxide was chosen, as it has been previously conducted using a V-MOF and was found to be successful. The product of the reaction, the epoxide: cyclohexene oxide, is a very useful precursor for a number of reactions involved in the pharmaceutical industry, so developing catalysts which are able to convert cyclohexene to the epoxide with high yields and selectivities are well sought after in industry. The results of the catalytic reactions were varied, as the materials exhibited high yields and selectivities to the epoxide, but these results were only obtained when water was present in the reaction mixture. Water was able to bring about the cleavage of the bonds between the metal and ligand in a highly coordinated framework, at a faster rate than other solvents, such as decane. This ultimately leads to the structural decomposition of the entire complex or framework, depending upon the reaction time. The use of water was a double edged sword in that it was required to initiate the catalytic reaction, but was also the reason that the catalytic materials were noted to decompose over time. The solid decavanadate ion was only noted to exhibit homogeneous activity by dissolving into the small volume of water present in the reaction mixture. The study proved that using a multidentate ligand such as 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid yielded products which were highly coordinated in nature and would therefore not have large open spaces associated with them, which is commonly observed with other MOFs. Instead the closed nature of the synthesised complexes and frameworks offered a different environment for catalytic reactions, where the small pores/channels had a controlling and inhibiting effect on the reaction. The conversion of cyclohexene to the epoxide is accompanied with a number of undesired side products, so when using the synthesised closed-natured MOF, it was found that there was a greater selectivity for the epoxide over other potential products. This indicates that close natured MOFs may find application in catalytic reactions which require high selectivities for a particular product.
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- Date Issued: 2016
Study South Africa
- Authors: International Education Association of South Africa (IEASA) , Jooste, Nico
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Education, Higher -- South Africa , Universities and colleges -- South Africa , Technical Institutes -- South Africa , Vocational guidance -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/64838 , vital:28614 , ISBN 9780620733601
- Description: [Editor's Letter]: Study South Africa over time provided an annual overview of the South African Higher Education landscape as well as a forecast of some of the issues that could influence higher education in general and higher education internationalization in particular in South Africa for the year ahead. The 2016/17 issue being the 16th edition of Study South Africa provides an overview of the sector and a short description of all South African Public Higher Education institutions. This year, the Study SA Guide provides information about the system as well as articles that begin to address critical issues influencing the sector. It is foreseen that this would become a general feature in editions to come. The article that introduces a fundamental change in operations of South African Universities, beginning in 2016 and continuing into 2016 is the issue of the student protests on high tuition fees in South Africa. The #FEESMUSFALL movement introduced a topic that is fundamental to the internationalization of South African Higher Education. This event that began as a reaction to the increase in student fees for the 2016 academic year mutated into a social movement on university campuses throughout South Africa that challenged the way Universities function. Although not a mass based movement, but rather a movement driven by a desire to change the current social order in South Africa by a radical fringe, its focus is to use the plight of insufficient funding within South African Higher Education and in particular, focusing on funding of the poor. For a large part the issues raised by students is not in the domain of Higher Education, but a competency of Government and broader society. The influence of the constant disruption of academic activities on all South African University campuses resulted in a tendency to be an inwardly focused system where most of the energy is spent on local issues. South African Higher Education is known for its international connectedness and the way the international world accepted it into their fold as a critical player in a variety of fields, bringing a different voice to global debates. The hosting of Going Global by the British Council in May 2016 in Cape Town and the hosting of the Global Conference in August 2016 by IEASA in the Kruger National Park clearly demonstrated that South African Higher Education is globally an important player. The current situation in South Africa should be seen by the outside world as a process of internal re-evaluation. It is also a struggle to bring together the global and the local. It is a process that is currently driven by South African Higher Education institutions. Although the issues that triggered the revolt is local, the roots are global and our solution to the problem could become a guide to global higher education. It is thus necessary that all the partners of the South African system believe in South Africa as the carrier of goodwill and a message that is worth listening to. It is also necessary to rather engage with South African Universities to understand the issues and not to abandon them at this critical stage. This issue of Study South Africa should remain the connector with the global higher education system and the information provided will hopefully assist all those interested in keeping and building on this connection. , 16th Edition
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- Date Issued: 2016
Subcellular localisation of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) capsid subunit VP1 vis-á-vis host protein Hsp90:
- Authors: Ross, Caroline J , Upfold, Nicole , Luke, Garry A , Tastan Bishop, Özlem , Knox, Caroline M
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148016 , vital:38702 , DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.06.003
- Description: The VP1 subunit of the picornavirus capsid is the major antigenic determinant and mediates host cell attachment and virus entry. To investigate the localisation of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) VP1 during infection, a bioinformatics approach was used to predict a surface-exposed, linear epitope region of the protein for subsequent expression and purification. This region, comprising the N-terminal 112 amino acids of the protein, was then used for rabbit immunisation, and the resultant polyclonal antibodies were able to recognise full length VP1 in infected cell lysates by Western blot. Following optimisation, the antibodies were used to investigate the localisation of VP1 in relation to Hsp90 in infected cells by indirect immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy.
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- Date Issued: 2016
Supplementary Material Synthesis and biological evaluation of (E)-cinnamic acid,(E)-2-styrylthiazole and (E)-2-[2-(naphthalen-1-yl) vinyl] thiazole derivatives
- Authors: Olawode, Emmanuel O , Tandlich, Roman , Prinsloo, Earl , Isaacs, Michelle , Hoppe, Heinrich C , Seldon, Ronnett , Warner, Digby F , Steenkamp, Vanessa , Kaye, Perry T
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/431778 , vital:72803 , xlink:href=" https://www.arkat-usa.org/get-file/59868/"
- Description: The screening was conducted using multi-well plates which are suited for HeLa cells in the log phase of growth with final cell density > 10 cells/cm. Each experiment normally includes a blank control, containing medium without the cells.28,45 Non-contaminated HeLa cells (6.57 x 105 cells per well) in media were allowed to grow in the incubator under an atmosphere of 5% CO2 at 37 0C for 24 h. To each well was dispensed 200 µL of HeLa culture, containing 6.57 x 105 cells under LabEAir laminar flow hood (Vivid Air, South Africa); 20 µL of resazurin dye (Sigma TOX-8) and test compound (50 µL) were added, which were then incubated in the presence of 5% CO2 at 37 0C for 24 hours in a shaker, to enhance the distribution of the dye. The absorbance of each well was measured with Bio-tek Power Wave X fluorometer (Beijing, China), and increases in fluorescence was monitored at a wavelength of 590 nm, using an excitation wavelength of 560 nm.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel thiazole-based compounds
- Authors: Olawode, Emmanual Oladayo
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/62955 , vital:28325
- Description: Thesis embargoed for one-year period. Expected date of release: April 2019
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016