Showing items 381 - 400 of 28193

Your selections:

Investigating the interannual variability of the Benguela coastal upwelling system using a ROMS numerical model from 1993-2014

  • Authors: Silima, Rudzani Faith , Roagosha, Moagabo
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Oceanography , Coasts , Marine sciences
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62586 , vital:72826
  • Description: The seasonal and interannual variability of the coastal Benguela upwelling system is described using 22 years (September 1993 - December 2014) of a regional Ocean model (ROMS) output. The model-derived SSTs are evaluated against satellite SSTs (GHRSST) and biases between the datasets investigated, allowing for confidence in using the ROMS data to investigate details of spatial and temporal variability over the Benguela System. Variability of coastal SSTs are investigated together with alongshore winds (from the ERA-Interim Reanalysis product). The driver of the seasonality in upwelling in the Benguela region is the seasonal shift of the South Atlantic High pressure system, leading to an enhanced seasonal signal in the southern Benguela (with strongest upwelling favourable winds in austral spring and summer). In the northern Benguela, the seasonal signal reduces with the peak of upwelling favourable winds shifting to late winter and spring. Interannual variability is evident in the model and is investigated with respect to various modes of climate variability. Though the direct relationship of the Benguela upwelling system to large-scale climate modes such as SAM and ENSO is not clear in most places, some evidence was found for their connection. For instance, in the southernmost cell of the southern Benguela a significant positive and negative correlation exists between SST and wind respectively with ENSO during summer months. This relates to increased (decreased) winds and decreased (increased) SST during La Niña (El Niño) events. Although there was no direct correlation with either SST or alongshore wind anywhere in the Benguela system, there was some indication of its importance. A trend toward a positive SAM (i.e a more poleward position of the South Atlantic High-Pressure system) was consistent with a trend toward enhanced winds and reduced SSTs in the southernmost upwelling cell. In addition to this, there was evidence to suggest that when SAM and ENSO are out-of-phase, which occurred primarily during summer months, the wind and SST response is amplified. This seemed to be particularly true in the first 10 years of the timeseries when the anomalies were strongly alternating. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2023
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2023-12

Isadora duncan: An instrumental case study

  • Authors: Volker,Lauren
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Analytical Psychology , Psychology of women
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/63038 , vital:73084
  • Description: The study is an instrumental case study of Isadora Duncan (1877 - 1927). She was a pioneer of modern dance as she developed her unique style of dance that was free-flowing and natural. She further developed her own dance philosophy, which drew the attention of many as its archetypal dancer was a woman who embodied a space that was equal and free. She was not only revolutionary in her unique dance style but also for her strong beliefs. Isadora Duncan believed in anti-marriage, bearing children out of wedlock, and fighting for the emancipation of women where she used dance, her philosophy and post-performance lectures to communicate her thoughts and beliefs. An Instrumental case study is a qualitative method of enquiry, which entails researching an event or individual as a means of providing or gaining insight into a particular phenomenon. Similar to that of a psychobiography, the individual subject can be explored through the lens of a psychological theory for the purpose of creating a coherent psychological case study. The psychoanalytical lens of Carl Jung was used to explore and describe certain aspects of the life and work of Isadora Duncan. The subfield of the Psychology of Women provides a contextual description for the challenges that women faced in the past and in the present, and additionally presents the primary aim of the proposed study. Isadora Duncan was chosen due to her unique dance movement, both literally and figuratively as she developed her ability in giving voice to those emotions that women often kept hidden. She lived during significant times which included radical transformations that brought about noticeable change politically, socially, and culturally. Despite the reformative motions, it did not dismiss its own challenges especially for women. Women faced a constant struggle for freedom from oppression, community rights and gender equality, and Isadora Duncan was no exception to these challenges. Extensive biographical information data was collected and processed into salient features. The study integrates the theory of Carl Jung, the life and dance philosophy of Isadora Duncan and the v challenges faced by women over the centuries and demonstrates the value of using an instrumental case study as a method of inquiry into the exploration of a unique individual. The Psychology of Women provides an understanding of how those past challenges may still be modern-day concerns for the psychology of women today. The findings of the study demonstrated that Isadora Duncan was a unique and innovate women who pushed the boundaries socially. She was determined to perform her unique dance style in times that required women to conform to the cultural expectations. However, in times of trouble and despair, she was able to turn to dance as the individual and collective voice. The contribution of the study rests with its demonstration of the value of a holistic and reflexive exploration of a unique individual woman. It demonstrates the value and application of Jung’s in-depth theoretical understanding of the archetypes in human behaviour and the use of dance as a healing process for psychologically wounded women. Therefore, specific reference to the true inner voice of women allows insight into how clinicians might assist female clients who struggle to release their true inner voice. Furthermore, the study contributes to building knowledge of the challenges that women face in society and allows for future research of exploring integrative theoretical frameworks in understanding the healing of psychologically fragmented women in the 21st century. , Thesis (Ma) -- Faculty of Health Science, 2023
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2023-12

Key drivers for enhancing sustainable livelihoods of national park adjacent communities in Uganda: subtitle if needed. If no subtitle follow instructions in manual

  • Authors: Kiconco, Michelle
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Social entrepreneurship , Sustainable development -- Uganda , Economic development -- Uganda , Sustainable tourism , Tourism -- Social aspects -- Uganda
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65655 , vital:74221
  • Description: The growing concern about the negative impact of tourism on the social, cultural, and economic systems of local communities has caused policymakers to envision improved methods of tourism management. Governments realise that the feasibility of protected areas is dependent on giving considerable attention to the livelihoods of host communities and, according to them, a greater role in the management of protected areas. The worrying poverty rate of national park adjacent communities in Uganda has prompted an inquiry into the key drivers that could enhance sustainable livelihoods. As such, an inquiry into the intervention of tourism social enterprises in enhancing the livelihood of park adjacent communities has been sought. Presently, limited academic research has been conducted on the influence of vulnerability context, livelihood capital access and livelihood strategies on enhancing the sustainable livelihood outcomes of national park adjacent communities. Furthermore, the links between tourism social entrepreneurship and sustainable livelihoods have hardly been explored in literature. Against this background, the primary objective of this study is to investigate the influence of vulnerability context, livelihood capital access and livelihood strategies on the sustainable livelihood outcomes of national park adjacent communities where tourism social entrepreneurship is practised in Uganda. Considering the primary objective of the study and the researcher’s assumptions, a positivistic research paradigm with a deductive approach to theory development was adopted. A quantitative methodological approach was selected, and a survey research strategy and a cross-sectional approach were employed. The study used a questionnaire to gather primary data from potential respondents who were selected through simple random sampling. From the data collection, 364 usable questionnaires from Uganda Community Tourism Association (UCOTA) – exemplifying a tourism social enterprise were obtained. The primary data collected was analysed to investigate the hypothesised relationships between the independent and dependent variables. An Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was performed to establish the factor structure of the variables and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for each of the factors was assessed based on various goodness-of-fit indices. The suitability of the measuring instrument was determined by the validity and reliability tests from which the average variance extracted (AVE) estimates and squared correlations between the constructs and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were reported; validity and reliability assessments of the factors were conducted to confirm the suitability of the measuring instrument. A modified hypothesised model was derived based on these analyses, after which the descriptive statistics and correlation results on the dependent and independent variables were then reported. The study used Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) statistical technique to test the significance of the hypothesised relationships. Significant relationships between resilience to shock and sustainable livelihood outcomes (improved well-being) and also resilience to seasonality and sustainable livelihood outcomes (improved well-being) for the case of vulnerability context. With regard to livelihood capital access, a significant relationship was found between social capital access and sustainable livelihood outcomes (improved well-being). A significant relationship between tourism-related strategies and sustainable livelihood outcomes (improved well-being was also found).This study has contributed to the body of knowledge of sustainable livelihoods in general as well as how vulnerability context, livelihood capital access and livelihood strategies influence sustainable livelihood outcomes of national park adjacent communities where tourism social entrepreneurship is practised. Theoretically, this study contributes to the application and extension of the sustainable livelihood framework by integrating a theory of access and the capability approach in assessing livelihoods. Practical recommendations were made that could enhance the sustainable livelihood of national park adjacent communities. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Management Sciences, 2023
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2023-12

Knowledge, attitudes and practices of municipal workers regarding occupational health and safety in the garden route district municipality, Western Cape

  • Authors: Shoto, Khanyisa
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Occupational health and safety , Personal protective equipment
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62991 , vital:73080
  • Description: Background: Workers accidents at work have been demonstrated to be increasingly common and expensive, particularly in developing nations like South Africa. The failure of employers and employees to support and comply to (OHS) regulations measures frequently leads to injuries and accidents that are extremely expensive for both the employer and employees. Regardless of South African legislations that aim to prevent accidents and injuries, scourging statistics of industrial accidents are still a characteristic of OHS. Objectives: This study investigates knowledge gaps, attitude, and the practice of municipal workers regarding OHS at Garden Route District Municipality (GRDM) in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Methodology: Quantitative approach was taken, and questionnaires were administered to 188 workers employed by the GRDM. A probability sampling method of stratified sampling method was utilised. Results: This study concluded that the workers of the GRDM are knowledgeable about OHS in their workplaces and that municipal workers positively perceive OHS issues in their workplaces. The main reason for this positive perception is because of the management support that the workers receive from the GRDM with regards to OHS matters. Furthermore most workers positively perceived OHS protocols and measures undertaken at the GRDM. Statistical tests proved that the municipal workers who positively perceived OHS protocols and measures were significantly higher (p< 0.05) than those that negatively perceived OHS protocols. Conclusion: The study revealed that GRDM workers were knowledgeable on OHS protocols. This was because of the support that they get from their employer as well as personal health and safety concerns. They positively perceived the OSH measures that are put in place to prevent accidents and injuries. It is only an insignificant percentage of individuals that disagreed with some of the OHS measures and protocols. This study contributes immeasurably to academic research in the field of OHS and extends knowledge that relates workers’ perceptions, safety awareness, as well as workers’ adherence to safety and behaviour. , Thesis (Ma) -- Faculty of Health Science, 2023
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2023-12

Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding social media as a teaching strategy at a public nursing college in Limpopo province

  • Authors: Halala, Pfukani Symantha
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Nurse educators , Teaching strategy
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62849 , vital:73057
  • Description: The emergence of social media (SM) in the academic arena has demonstrated the potential for innovation in teaching and learning. Moreover, its appeal is enhanced by its accessibility and affordability. Consequently, the use of SM has increased globally and has influenced interaction and socialisation amongst educators and learners. In addition, SM has affected learning and how educators teach and collaborate with learners when constructing knowledge in higher education settings. However, despite its advantages, nurse educators' use of SM is less than optimal in teaching. Therefore, the study aimed to explore nurse educators' knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding the use of SM as a teaching strategy at a public nursing college in the province of Limpopo, South Africa. The research design employed for this study was quantitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual, and Roger’s diffusion of innovation theory underpinned the study. Stratified, proportionate sampling was used to select the nurse educators who were respondents to the study’s survey via a questionnaire as the data collection instrument. An educator as a specialist in the use of SM, a statistician and the study supervisors reviewed the questionnaire. A pilot study was conducted to check the validity and reliability of the data collection instrument. Data gathered through the survey was statistically analysed to produce descriptive statistics. The researcher adhered to the ethical principles of respect, beneficence, and justice. The research results indicated that the nurse educators in the study were knowledgeable about SM platforms. Moreover, although they had a positive attitude towards incorporating SM as a teaching strategy. Therefore, based on the research results, recommendations were to facilitate the use of SM as a teaching strategy. , Thesis (Ma) -- Faculty of Health Science, 2023
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2023-12

Main thesis title: An assessment of the quality of the service delivery effort in the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality

  • Authors: Swartz, Joël Ralitswana Peter
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Service delivery -- South Africa , Public participation and city councils -- South Africa , Community based resources -- Development -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/66028 , vital:74310
  • Description: The provision of services to people in South Africa is a constitutional right that all spheres of the South African government are bound to. South Africa’s Bill of Rights also lays it out that all SA citizens are entitled to these services. The functions of the national, provincial, and local spheres of government are to ensure that all that the Constitution and Bill of Rights promise, are provided and implemented. Service delivery is therefore a mandated activity that all municipalities are obligated to provide to their residents locally. The primary objective of this study is to assess the quality of the service delivery effort from the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (NMBM). The study was conducted by using a qualitative case study approach. A total of 12 participants were chosen for the study and in-depth interviews were implemented as data collection tool to accomplish the study’s objectives. The qualitative data analysis tool Atlas.ti was employed to present emerging themes from the collected data. The findings of the study highlighted the challenges experienced in the NMBM prevent a high level of service delivery to residents. The study participants agreed that the service delivery effort in the NMBM is below that what the various stakeholders, mainly the residents, expected. The effective management of the limited financial and human resources are the major themes that emerged during the interviews. The study recommends that the service delivery value chain be reviewed, and that policies and strategies be genuinely implemented. The study also suggests that proactive communication with residents be improved. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2023
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2023-12

Marine benthic (epilithic) diatom communities along the coast of South Africa: A contribution to their diversity, spatio-temporal variations, and ecology

  • Authors: Cotiyane-Pondo, Phumlile
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Marine ecology , Marine biodiversity , Coastal ecology
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctorate Dissertation , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62453 , vital:72754
  • Description: Diatoms remain one of the most diverse and ecologically important microorganisms within microphytobenthos. The highly variable South African coastline, comprised of heterogeneous rocky intertidal habitats provides the ideal study area to investigate epilithic microphytobenthos and their associated influential drivers. In South Africa, in-depth taxonomic research on marine littoral diatoms exists, however, quantitative research and knowledge on their abundance, diversity, community composition and distribution remain limited. Thus, the main aim of this research was to explore the spatial and temporal variability of marine benthic (epilithic) diatoms, in relation to the variable physico-chemical conditions in the nearshore intertidal environments along the coastline of South Africa. To achieve this, field-based observational (natural substrata) and experimental (artificial substrata) studies were conducted on selected locations around the coastline, with a large focus on south coast localities. For the Spatial studies, large (i.e., encompassing all three biogeographical regions) and small-scale (i.e., coastal island in the warm temperate region) surveys of epilithic diatom assemblages from natural rocky substrata were conducted. Large-scale investigation results revealed highly variable diatom assemblages, diversity and distribution, with compositional differences observed between the coastal sections (around the coastline). A total of 85 diatom taxa from 31 genera were observed at 15 sites, and the number of taxa varied un-systematically along coastline. Genera with noticeable contribution included Nitzschia, Cocconeis and Achnanthes. On the coastal Bird Island (small-scale), similar variability was observed, but with a much higher diatom diversity and number of rarely observed species (e.g. Actinoptychus senarius (Ehrenberg) Ehrenberg, Cocconeis capensis (Cholnoky) Witkowski, Fragilariopsis kerguelensis (O’Meara) Hustedt, Striatella unipunctata (Lyngbye) Agardh. Seventy-two (72) species from 35 genera were recorded with a varied abundance and diversity around the island. The study also revealed a high contribution of typical benthic diatom species to the surf zone environment around the island. To study temporal variations, medium-term compositional differences on natural substrata were assessed monthly over an annual cycle at a single site. A paucity of diatom material was evident during this study and observations indicated a trend of presence and absence of diatom taxa from the study site. Nineteen (19) diatom genera were identified and those observed, albeit as one or two individual valves, included taxa from several genera including Biddulphia, Diploneis, Campyloneis, Trachyneis and Triceratium. Noteworthy was a seasonal increase in the number of diatom valves encountered, with the highest diatom abundance observed during spring (September) and the genera Cocconeis, Grammatophora and Navicula appearing regularly. To complement the sparse data from the long-term temporal study, a short-term experimental study on artificial substrata (Plexiglass) revealed rapid temporal variations of benthic diatom assemblages. The composition differed spatio-temporally during the experimental period, with fluctuating species occurrences and abundances between the two study sites. The experimental study also revealed the highest number of diatom species observed during this research (134 species belonging to 44 genera). While Cocconeis (13 species) and Nitzschia (9 species) were the dominant genera, 48% of the diatomcomposition was composed of rarely observed taxa that included Cocconeis testudo Giffen, Donkinia sp., Paralia sulcata (Ehrenberg) Cleve. Regarding environmental drivers, the findings indicated the importance of temperature and nutrients in driving diatom spatial abundance and composition along the coastline, as well as the island. However, the potential influence of the interplay between measured variables and unexplored coastal oceanographic processes (e.g., wave action) was noted. Temporally, from the annual study, the nature of the rocky substrate (rock type) rather than environmental conditions was postulated to have been the influential factor that resulted in the low diatom abundance data, however this requires further in-depth investigations on the influence of rock microtopography on microphytobenthos in this region. Contrastingly, the experimental study results indicated environmental variables having varying influences on the diatom diversity indices, however, study site and sampling occasion were revealed as the most important predictors of the observed variability. Further, site-specific biofilm processes, including biological interaction (e.g. grazing), were shown to alter biofilm succession, thus influencing the observed diatom assemblages. Overall, this research provided new and relevant knowledge on the variability of benthic (epilithic) diatom composition, biodiversity and distribution along the coastline, further contributing to our understanding of marine benthic diatoms ecology, their ecological role in the context of intertidal food web and their potential as bioindicators of change in the coastal ecosystems in Southern Africa. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2023
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2023-12

Mechanical recyclability and biodegradation of biopolymers, biopolymer blends and biocomposite in natural environmental conditions

  • Authors: Nomadolo, Nomvuyo Elizabeth
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Polymers , Polymeric composites , Biopolymers
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62539 , vital:72822
  • Description: The present research aimed at investigating mechanical recyclability and studying the potential biotic and abiotic degradation behaviors of biobased biodegradable polymers in different environmental conditions. The mechanical recyclability tests monitored the effect of multiple reprocessing on the mechanical, thermal, physical, chemical, and morphological properties of poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), poly (butylene succinate) (PBS), poly (lactic acid) (PLA), PBAT-PBS blend, and PBAT-thermoplastic starch (TPS) composite. Low-density polyethylene (LDPE), a conventional non-biodegradable plastic, was also monitored for comparison studies. The mechanical recyclability tests were carried out by eight melt extrusion cycles using twin-screw extrusion and injection molding processing techniques. Tensile testing, impact analysis, melt flow index test (MFI), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques were employed to monitor the effect mechanical recycling at each melt extrusion cycle. Tensile and impact strength results showed that PBAT and PBAT-TPS biocomposite were mechanical recyclable for at least eight cycles and this was comparable to LDPE recyclability performance. In contrast, neat PBS, PLA, and PBAT-PBS blend were found to be melt extrudable only up to six cycles as the mechanical properties declined with the increase of reprocessing cycles. MFI tests suggest that molecular weight of PBAT and PBAT-TPS were not significantly affected by multiple extrusion cycles while the melt flow properties of PBS, PLA, and PBAT-PBS samples were affected from third cycle. DSC, TGA, and DMA demonstrated that PBAT and PBAT-TPS were more thermo-mechanically stable than PBS, PLA, and PBAT-PBS blend. FTIR spectroscopy results showed that the chemical structure of both PBAT and PBAT-TPS were unaffected by the multiple recycling cycles typically indicated by characteristic peak vibrations bands of C=O and C-O around 1710 cm-1 and 1046-1100 cm-1, respectively. SEM micrographs of PBS, PLA, and PBAT-PBS clearly evidenced the degradation of the biopolymers by severely fractured morphology as a result multiple reprocessing cycle.The rate of aerobic biodegradation for PBAT-PBS and PBAT-PLA blends was examined under controlled home and industrial composting using the CO2 evolution respirometric method. FTIR, DSC, TGA, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and SEM were employed to monitor the changes in the structural, chemical, thermal, and morphological characteristics of the biopolymer blends before and after biodegradation. The biodegradation tests showed that PBAT-PBS and PBAT-PLA blends exhibited higher degradation rates under industrial composting conditions than under home composting conditions. The increased intensity of hydroxyl and carbonyl absorption bands on the FTIR spectra confirmed that the biodegradation process occurred. SEM revealed that there was microbial colony formation and disintegration on the surfaces of the biopolymer blends. Moreover, abiotic degradation results suggested that thermal and hydrolytic conditions influence the degradation process than sunlight exposure. Additionally, aquatic biodegradation results showed that PBAT-PBS blend and PBAT-TPS composite undergo a higher rate of biodegradation as compared to PBAT, PBS, and PLA.The results obtained from this research work conclude that biobased biodegradable polymers can be mechanically recycled, and they are suitable for biological degradation in industrial composting, home composting and marine environment. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2023
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2023-12

Perceived critical factors impacting digital literacy at a South African automotive manufacturer

  • Authors: Sandan, Mahmoodah
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Internet literacy , Computer literacy , Information society , Automobile industry and trade
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65924 , vital:74287
  • Description: This treatise explores the critical factors affecting digital literacy within a South African Automotive Manufacturer. Previous research conducted within the organisation revealed that employees were not using digital tools to its full potential, and according to the literature, digital capabilities are one of the main drivers for organisational agility. There is a lack of research on digital literacy and organisational agility in a South African automotive context. As technology progresses rapidly, organisations must innovate to remain agile and relevant. This qualitative research study was conducted through a constructivist worldview, allowing the researcher and participant an opportunity to interact during an interview session to uncover experiences and thoughts relating to digital literacy within the organisation. The study enrolled 14 participants, and this was sufficient to achieve meaningful saturation of the data. The study highlighted low confidence levels in technology adoption within the organisation, often causing anxiety and apprehension among employees. This psychological barrier stems from a lack of digital literacy skills underpinned by insufficient training to fully understand the benefits technology may provide to the user and the organisation. The lack of awareness may be linked to ineffective communication techniques the organisation employs when relaying training or information relating to available resources. Furthermore, to enhance digital literacy skills, the study found that individuals need to have good foundational knowledge from which to build and have supportive leadership that assists in acquiring the necessary resources and training. This study provides insights into digital literacy within a South African Automotive Manufacturer. It will allow management to develop strategies to improve digital literacy levels and establish a learning culture where employees have higher levels of self-efficacy. When an organisation embraces digital technology, it increases productivity and fosters innovation. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2023
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2023-12

Postgraduate student experience and retention at South African public higher education institutions

  • Authors: Smith, Carly Kim
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Education, Higher -- South Africa , College dropouts -- South Africa , Academic achievement -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/66005 , vital:74296
  • Description: A country’s economic growth and global competitiveness as a knowledge-based economy can be enhanced by an educated workforce. Therefore, the completion of postgraduate qualifications is of high importance to any country. In South Africa, according to the Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET), it is necessary to improve postgraduate (PG) output and practice skills to promote socioeconomic development. Despite an increase in PG enrolments at public higher education institutions (PHEIs), South Africa reported an increase in PG student dropouts and therefore it is evident that student retention is a challenge. To foster student retention, the interactions between PHEIs and students on their student journeys are important since positive experiences can contribute to the retaining of students. The positive experiences of students depend on different aspects, challenges and dispositions during the student journey. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the variables that influence PG student experience for PG student retention at South African PHEIs. Based on an extensive review of the South African higher education landscape, marketing literature, also in the context of the study, a hypothesised model of the variables possibly influencing PG student experience for PG student retention was proposed. The four independent variables identified were higher education service quality, service design, student engagement and student satisfaction. The hypothesised model presented student experience as the intervening variable and student retention as the dependent variable. This positivistic study followed a deductive approach and a quantitative research methodology. During the empirical investigation, a survey strategy using a self-administered questionnaire collected data from a convenience sample of PG students registered at 15 South African PHEIs. A total of 435 usable questionnaires were returned and analysed statistically. Both descriptive and inferential statistics, including a Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), Cronbach’s alpha, Pearson’s correlations, regression analyses, SEM for mediation as well as t-tests and ANOVAs, were employed in the data analysis. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Management Sciences, 2023 , A country’s economic growth and global competitiveness as a knowledge-based economy can be enhanced by an educated workforce. Therefore, the completion of postgraduate qualifications is of high importance to any country. In South Africa, according to the Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET), it is necessary to improve postgraduate (PG) output and practice skills to promote socioeconomic development. Despite an increase in PG enrolments at public higher education institutions (PHEIs), South Africa reported an increase in PG student dropouts and therefore it is evident that student retention is a challenge. To foster student retention, the interactions between PHEIs and students on their student journeys are important since positive experiences can contribute to the retaining of students. The positive experiences of students depend on different aspects, challenges and dispositions during the student journey. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the variables that influence PG student experience for PG student retention at South African PHEIs. Based on an extensive review of the South African higher education landscape, marketing literature, also in the context of the study, a hypothesised model of the variables possibly influencing PG student experience for PG student retention was proposed. The four independent variables identified were higher education service quality, service design, student engagement and student satisfaction. The hypothesised model presented student experience as the intervening variable and student retention as the dependent variable. This positivistic study followed a deductive approach and a quantitative research methodology. During the empirical investigation, a survey strategy using a self-administered questionnaire collected data from a convenience sample of PG students registered at 15 South African PHEIs. A total of 435 usable questionnaires were returned and analysed statistically. Both descriptive and inferential statistics, including a Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), Cronbach’s alpha, Pearson’s correlations, regression analyses, SEM for mediation as well as t-tests and ANOVAs, were employed in the data analysis. The validity and reliability of the measuring instrument were confirmed. The main empirical results of the regression analyses revealed that statistically significant relationships exist between the independent variables (higher education service quality, service design, student engagement and student satisfaction) and the intervening variable (student experience). A significant relationship was also found between the intervening variable (student experience) and the dependent variable (student retention). Therefore, all the formulated hypotheses were accepted. The SEM analysis revealed that an indirect-only mediation exists, implying that student experience mediates the relationships between the independent variables and student retention. No model modification was required since the goodness-of-fit indices showed that the hypothesised model is a good fit. Finally, the differences in mean scores across biographic and demographic variables revealed significant differences in how males and females perceive both student experience and student retention. In addition, the ANOVAs indicated that research doctorate, course work master’s and honours students (level of education) had different perceptions regarding only student experience. The study contributed on a theoretical level since it added to the body of knowledge on the retention of PG students through student experience within the South African PHEI context. The study also contributed on national innovation, human capital, national budgetary, PHEI budgetary and individual PG student levels. The final contribution of the research was at a practical level through the study’s recommendations and the development of a PHEI student experience for student retention implementation framework. Therefore, should this study’s recommendations and framework be implemented, it may assist to reduce the student dropout at PHEIs and this may positively contribute to South Africa’s socioeconomic development.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2023-12

Psychobiographical study of Daisy De Melker

  • Authors: Moodley, Kerisha
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Psychobiographical study , Antisocial , Personality dynamics
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62913 , vital:73067
  • Description: Daisy Louisa C. de Melker, born on 1 June 1886, was a qualified nurse who is famously known to have poisoned two husbands with strychnine in order to receive life insurance money while living in Turffontein, Johannesburg. Later on, she poisoned her only son with arsenic for reasons which are still unclear, and he passed away soon after. She is notoriously known in history to be the second woman to have been hanged in South Africa due to receiving the death penalty. The primary aim of the study is to explore the life of de Melker to gain an understanding of her personality development, with the aim of acquiring insight into the motivation behind her behaviour. The secondary aim includes exploring apparent Cluster B personality traits. The study is exploratory-descriptive in nature and the subject was chosen through purposive sampling. The study uses a qualitative, psycho-biographical, single-case research design to study De Melker, in order to explore and describe the personality development of her from the theoretical perspectives of Kernberg’s Object Relations Theory. This specific theory was chosen as it allowed the researcher to explore Daisy de Melker’s early childhood and upbringing that impacted the formation of ‘internal representations’ of herself and other people. The theory suggests that when there is a lack of integration of object relations, which is made up of internal and external representations, it may result in the development of a personality disorder, as it places a focus on relationships being more crucial to personality development than individual drives and abilities. Data was collected by triangulating multiple sources of information. Miles and Huberman’s (1994) strategy were used to analyse the data according to three steps, which include data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. The significance of doing a psychobiography study lies in merging of personality psychology and historical evidence which represents a growing field in the realm of biography and provides insight into personality development through a theoretical framework. , Thesis (Ma) -- Faculty of Health Science. 2023
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2023-12

Pyrolysis of algal biomass and coal in a rotary kiln reactor: Pyrolysis behaviour, product distribution and kinetic analysis

  • Authors: Nyoni, Bothwell
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Algal biofuels , Biomass energy , Coal -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctorate theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62550 , vital:72823
  • Description: There are two primary reasons why the global economy is gradually reducing its dependence on coal as an energy source. Firstly, coal reserves are finite, and while some argue that current reserves will last for generations, the reality is that coal is a non-renewable resource. Secondly, the emissions associated with coal usage have adverse effects on both the environment and human health. While European countries have adopted seemingly aggressive strategies to replace coal and other fossil fuels, South Africa and other developing nations face economic constraints that limit such actions. Fortunately, there are more conservative approaches that can be employed, one of which involves a gradual introduction of renewable energy sources into the energy grid. Wind, solar, and biomass currently stand as the major renewable energy sources under consideration. However, it's worth noting that the intermittent nature of wind and solar energy production poses a significant challenge. Biomass holds the potential to replace coal in retrofitted coal-fired plants. However, the unchecked utilisation of biomass can lead to deforestation and have adverse effects on the human and animal food supply chain, as many essential food items are derived from plants. The debate over using biomass as a fuel source, especially when some types of biomasses can serve as food for humans and animals, has been a subject of ongoing discussion. Furthermore, biomass exhibits a lower energy density when compared to coal. Combustion stands as the primary technology for converting coal into energy and is widely used in most coal-based power plants. Gasification, on the other hand, has been employed for years in South Africa as a coal-to-liquids technology to supplement transportation fuel requirements and reduce reliance on crude oil imports. Pyrolysis, too, has found application as a key method for obtaining high-energy coal char, serving both as an energy source and a reducing agent in blast furnaces for the steelmaking industry. Pyrolysis technologies are gaining popularity in biomass-to-liquids processes due to their simplicity. Currently, there is growing research interest in simultaneous pyrolysis of coal and biomass. The study presented in this thesis focuses on investigating the pyrolysis of Scenedesmus algae biomass and low-grade coal in a small-scale rotary kiln, with particular emphasis on the synthesised liquid products. Algae represent a unique type of biomass that can be cultivated in photo-bioreactors with minimal use of agricultural land. This suggests significant potential for large-scale cultivation of algae, and ongoing efforts are exploring strategies for the mass production of algal biomass.Firstly, pyrolysis studies were carried out via thermogravimetric analysis instruments. It was revealed that because of algae’s considerably higher volatile content and lower carbon content when compared to coal, the pyrolysis process of algal biomass occurred at a faster rate. The highest pyrolytic reactivity of algae was 0.41 mg/min occurring at approximately 290 ᵒC in comparison with coal’s 0.06 mg/min occurring in the approximate temperature range of 550 – 600 ᵒC. The magnitude of the reactivity of the blends depended on the coal/algae ratios used. Furthermore, kinetics analysis revealed that the overall pyrolytic decomposition of coal followed 2nd order kinetics with an activation energy of 81.8 kJ/mol. The decomposition of algae and coal-algae blends occurred in two stages; the first stage decomposition followed 2nd order kinetics with activation energies in the range 130.3 – 145.5 kJ/mol. The second stage decomposition of algae followed 1st order kinetics with an activation energy of 27.3 kJ/mol, whilst coal-algae blends followed 2nd order decomposition with an activation energy range of 69.4 – 74.2 kJ/mol. Secondly, pyrolysis studies were carried out in a rotary kiln reactor wherefrom the char products were collected, and pyrolytic gases condensed to obtain pyroligneous liquid. It was found that the composition of oils synthesised from the pyrolysis of coal was rich in paraffins (52.6 % at 550 ᵒC), however the yield of oil from the pyrolysis of coal was low (6.9 %). Oils from algae and coal-algae blends were dominated by alcohols, fatty acids, fatty acid esters and poly-cyclic aromatic compounds. For example, the most abundant compounds in algae oil produced at 550 ᵒC were fatty acid esters (28.8 %), alcohols (17.6 %), fatty acids (10.8 %) and unsaturated aliphatics (10.7 %); the oil yield obtained from pyrolysis of algae was 40 %. The yields and composition of oils obtained from coal-algae blends were linked to individual contributions from coal and algae, especially at 550 ᵒC; however, the contributions were not proportional due to synergistic effects. This kind of study will contribute to the already existing but limited literature on coal-algae pyrolysis. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the potential of using low-grade coals (an abundant resource in Southern Africa) in conjunction with algal biomass (a renewable resource), in large-scale synthesis of liquid fuels and valuable chemicals via a simple pyrolysis process. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Biomolecular & Chemical Sciences, 2023
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2023-12

South Africa’s international competitiveness and the 4th Industrial Revolution

  • Authors: Mchunu, Siyabonga Raymond
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Industry 4.0. , Technological innovations --21st century , Economic growth, development, planning
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65718 , vital:74231
  • Description: Economic growth and development are of major concern for the economy of many countries around the globe including South Africa. The production function predicts that economic growth and development are determined by the quality and quantity of inputs. Economic theory recognizes that there is a positive relationship between productivity, economic growth, and development. Industry 4.0 is predicted to be a major enhancer of productivity. In recent years, the 4th Industrial Revolution has been considered as influential for industrial growth and development. South Africa’s growth in manufactured products requires elements that are characterized by the 4th industrial revolution given the growing but relatively low manufacturing output over the recent period. The adoption of new technologies in the production processes requires structural changes in production requirements and this has implications for the factor market. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of competitiveness on South Africa’s industrial development over the past 20 years (1998 - 2018), in the context of the 4th industrial revolution. A quantitative approach was used to examine the relationship between industry 4.0 and competitiveness and ultimately between competitiveness and industrial development. This study focused on the manufacturing sector and a sample of three industries were randomly selected and they are, the chemicals, the automotive, and the iron and steel industries. The countries of focus are South Africa relative to Germany, China, and the US. A panel data regression analysis technique was employed, and the study utilizes fixed and random effects methods. This analysis method was used to answer the research questions and to address the research aim and objectives. Two models were used to address the aim of the study. The first model determines the relationship between industry 4.0 and competitiveness controlling for capital intensities and labour productivity. The second model determines the relationship between competitiveness and industrial development controlling for trade finance, the real effective exchange rate, trade agreements, and distance. The study found that for South Africa relative to Germany, the fixed effects estimation (estimation 3) shows a positive and significant effect of relative investment on relative total factor productivity controlling for capital intensities, labour productivity, and fixed effects. The random effects estimation (estimation 4) showed a significant and positive effect of relative total factor productivity on the export ratio. The relative real effective exchange rate and the trade agreement dummy were insignificant, but they had the correct signs which are positive. With regards to the findings for South Africa relative to China, the random effects estimation (estimation 3) shows that relative investment has a positive effect on total factor productivity, on average ceteris paribus. The fixed effects estimation (estimation 2) shows that relative total factor productivity is positively correlated to the export ratio, but it is insignificant. The relative interest rate is positively correlated to the export ratio, on average ceteris paribus and this variable is significant. Estimation 3 shows that the relative total factor productivity is positively correlated to the export ratio, but it is insignificant. The relative interest rate variable is positively related to the export ratio, on average ceteris paribus and this variable is highly significant. The relative real effective exchange rate shows insignificant results with regards to its effect on the export ratio for all the estimations with the exception of the pooled OLS estimation. The findings for South Africa relative to the US show that there is a positive and significant relationship between relative total factor productivity and the relative investment in the fixed effects estimation. In the fixed effects estimation (estimation 1), relative investment is positively related to relative total factor productivity, on average ceteris paribus. In the fixed effects estimation (estimation 2), relative investment is positively related to relative total factor productivity, on average ceteris paribus. The relative capital intensity and relative labour productivity variables are insignificant, and the direction of correlation is contrary to expectations. The random effects estimation (estimation 3) shows a negative correlation between relative investment and relative total factor productivity. The estimate is insignificant, and this is contrary to the expectations. On the other hand, the correlation between the relative capital intensity and the relative labour productivity has the expected signs even though both variables are insignificant. The random effects estimation shows that there is a positive and significant relationship between the export ratio and the relative total factor productivity for estimations 2 and 3. The random effects estimation (estimation 2) shows that relative total factor productivity is positively related to the export ratio, on average ceteris paribus. The random effects estimation (estimation 3) shows that an increase in relative total factor productivity also results in an increase in the export ratio, on average ceteris paribus. The relative interest rate and the relative real effective exchange rate variable are insignificant in estimations 2 and 3 but both variables had the expected positive signs in terms of correlation. The recommendations of this study which are informed by the empirical literature discussed and findings are that trade and industry policymakers should provide a policy that directs the investment of resources to new technologies that are being used in the production process of goods and services by the firms/investors to achieve industrial development in the modern day and age. Clarity is required with regards to returns from industry 4.0 investment which may be expected over time since there may be a need for capital budgeting. Provide incentives for the use of labour enhancing industry 4.0 technologies for manufacturers to encourage the employment of labour since labour productivity is important for competitiveness. To complement industrial policy with other relevant policies such as labour and environmental policies. Labour policies are vital for sustainable accommodative industrial policy for Industry 4.0. Factor in a provision for trade finance to further facilitate and stimulate the movement of goods into international markets since trade finance was an important factor for industrial development. Mitigate the barriers that hinder the movement of industry 4.0 technologies locally and internationally. The positive contributions of Industry 4.0 that were determined by this study echo the need for investment into education and training to provide the necessary skilled labour for smart production since this is regarded as a prerequisite for a wholistic implementation of Industry 4.0 and finally outline the necessary standards and regulations for the safe and sustainable use of digital technologies. Suggested future research is to investigate the effect of Industry 4.0 on competitiveness and industrial development in the primary and tertiary sectors to provide the literature which sets out insights on these sectors and informs policy. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2023
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2023-12

Spatial patterns of human-elephant conflict and elephant space-use in Liwonde National Park, Malawi

  • Authors: Voges, Mignon
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Human-animal relationships , Wildlife management -- Malawi , Wildlife conservation -- Malawi
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62721 , vital:72933
  • Description: Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) is a prevailing issue worldwide, threatening the livelihood of the affected human communities, and the persistence of wildlife populations and habitat. Human-elephant conflict (HEC) is particularly challenging, given the damage or harm these large animals can cause to human communities. Moreover, HEC threatens the safety of elephant populations as elephants can be injured or killed when people retaliate. Several studies have therefore been conducted to investigate HEC spatiotemporal patterns in order to better understand it and to develop mitigation measures. These studies predominantly used non-spatial statistics or global regressions to investigate HEC patterns and drivers. The general understanding of HEC patterns and drivers are therefore based on general predictions derived from global regressions that assume stationarity of the relationship between HEC and its drivers across the landscape. Previous studies using global regressions may therefore have missed or misidentified important drivers of the spatial patterns, making the resultant global regression models misleading. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the spatiotemporal patterns and drivers of HEC adjacent to Liwonde National Park using spatial analytical tools that account for the spatial nature of the data and the spatial variation in conflict drivers across a landscape. Using a Geographically Weighted Regression, I identified vegetation quality, season, and distance to seasonal water as drivers of HEC hotspots adjacent to Liwonde. HEC was more intense in areas with higher quality vegetation (compared to vegetation quality inside the Park) and areas that were closer to seasonal water. The relationship between HEC hotspots and these drivers varied at the patch-level and according to season. My findings suggest that HEC is more complex than the general patterns described with global regressions. The localized patterns and drivers of HEC hotspots identified, reflect trade-off between elephants securing rewards (crops), while reducing risks (encountering humans), as expected under forage optimality models. The understanding of elephant adaptation and trade-offs in human landscapes gained from my study, along with the approach I have adopted, can be applied to other HEC study sites, and help guide HEC management in Liwonde. This approach can also be applied to analysis of other forms of HWC, greatly improving HWC mitigation. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Natural Resource Management, 2023
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2023-12

Statistical analysis of hydrogeochemical data from fractured rock aquifers around Beaufort West, South Africa

  • Authors: Berkland, James
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Groundwater -- South Africa -- Beaufort West , Hydrogeology -- South Africa -- Beaufort West , Aquifers -- South Africa -- Beaufort West
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62442 , vital:72736
  • Description: Knowledge surrounding the procedures and protocols related to groundwater sampling are currently limited. In particular, the sampling of radioactive elements from fractured rock aquifers is poorly understood and in need of further research. The aim of this study is to provide a comparative insight into groundwater sampling methods used for the sampling of major and minor elements as well as trace elements within fractured rock aquifers in the immediate vicinity of Beaufort West. The influence of sampling source, seasonality, and vertical flows on sample results are observed. Furthermore, the importance of historical datasets is raised. Aims of this study were achieved by making use of historical data from numerous studies that were conducted near the Karoo town of Beaufort West. Potential profitable uranium deposits saw a great influx of research into the geology, topography, climate and hydrogeology. Synthesising data from these historical research papers has provided valuable information regarding the influences of sampling procedures on the results. A total of 695 well data samples were analysed from four studies collected from farms around Beaufort West. The importance of adequately purging a well prior to sampling cannot be stressed enough. There are minimal chemical differences between sampling boreholes and wind pumps, however there was a noticeable difference in the inter-relationships between major chemical elements. Groundwater samplers were found to be contaminated with Zinc and Copper attributed to wind pump fittings. Boreholes were also analysed to observe any changes in depth. Sodium, temperature and uranium had little to no changes with depth due to the homogenous nature of the borehole water. Principal component analysis was conducted on 159 groundwater samples comprised of 13 variables. These samples were reduced to four principal components (PC) which explained a total of 91.09% of the total variance. Factor one explained 61.99% of the total variance and was strongly associated with water-type and lithology while factor two (13.57%) shows the potential relationship between molybdenum and uranium as well as possible copper contamination as a result of wind pump and borehole fittings. Further research should be conducted by carrying out multiple sampling procedures on a selection of controlled wells to determine the best applicable sampling procedures. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2023
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2023-12

Strategies to promote skills development of technicians for the automotive retail industry

  • Authors: Sirayi, Siyabonga
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Automobile industry and trade -- South Africa , Automobiles -- Marketing -- South Africa , South Africa0 Occupational training -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65968 , vital:74292
  • Description: The automotive retail industry in South Africa is a significant contributor to the country's economy, and the role of technicians in the industry is critical for the industry's growth and sustainability. However, the industry is faced with a shortage of skilled technicians, resulting in a skills gap that threatens the industry's progress. This study therefore aimed to identify the strategies that can be used to promote the skills development of technicians for the automotive retail industry. A qualitative research design was used, and data was collected through semi-structured interviews with stakeholders in the automotive retail industry. The data was analysed using thematic analysis. The findings of the study revealed that the industry faces several challenges, including the lack of funding for skills development programmes, inadequate training facilities, and an outdated curriculum. To address these challenges, the study recommends that the industry should adopt a multi-stakeholder approach that involves government, industry and training institutions. The study also recommends that the government needs to provide funding for skills development programmes and create policies that promote the training of technicians. The industry should work with institutions such as technical and non-technical high schools, TVET colleges, and universities to develop a relevant curriculum that is aligned with industry needs. The study further recommends that the industry should create partnerships with Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) to provide training opportunities for technicians. In conclusion, the automotive retail industry in South Africa needs to invest in the skills development of technicians to address the skills gap and promote the industry's growth and sustainability. The adoption of a multi-stakeholder approach involving government, industry, and training institutions is essential for the success of skills development programmes in the industry. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Management Sciences, 2023
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2023-12

Strategies used by the female principals to manage learner discipline in selected primary schools in the Buffalo City Education District

  • Authors: Manyika, T
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Women school principals , Complex organizations , School management and organization -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/28277 , vital:74098
  • Description: School safety is regarded as one of the key drivers of quality teaching and learning. There is however evidence that schools worldwide experience violence and learner disruptive behaviours. The South African education system is amongst other areas, focusing on gender equity in leadership and management positions. Hence this paper explored the strategies used by female principals to manage learner discipline in selected primary schools in the Buffalo City Education District. The Complexity Leadership Theory underpinned the study in conjunction with the Intersectionality theory. Complexity Leadership Theory emphasises the identification and exploration of strategies and behaviour that nurture creativity, learning, and adaptability in the organisation. Data were collected from fourteen participants ranging from female principals, HOD and Vice Principals. Interpretive qualitative and descriptive case study design was used. Data were collected through the use of one-on-one semi-structured interviews, and document review was the second research instrument used in this study. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data and all ethical issues were observed. The participation of participants was voluntary, and anonymity was guaranteed. Some of the major findings were the participants’ use of their gender (female) as a resource in administering discipline, and their awareness and consciousness of the vulnerability of the school context. Parental involvement, community involvement and closed-circuit television (CCTV) camera systems aided the participants in maintaining learner discipline. Rewarding learners for good behaviour or good work habits (behaviourism) was discouraged due to its inability to intrinsically motivate learners to behave and accomplish goals. Instead, it was reported to be a form of a bribery system which teaches learners to work hard to receive something. The findings suggested that tertiary institutions introduce mandatory counselling courses to equip prospective teachers with necessary skills to effectively deal with issues of learner discipline in schools. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, 2023
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2023-12

Study of bias within CCMA Commissioners decision making processes

  • Authors: Gregersen, Peter
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: South Africa. -- Commission for Conciliation, Mediation, and Arbitration , Mediation and conciliation, Industrial -- South Africa , Ethics , Decision making
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65622 , vital:74206
  • Description: The South African law places a duty on judicial officers; to “protect the Constitution and the human rights entrenched in it, and will administer justice to all persons alike without fear, favour or prejudice, in accordance with the Constitution and the law. CCMA rulings have consistently come under review for “gross irregularities”, “misconduct” and bias as set out in section 145 of the Labour Relations Act. The Engen and Monare cases confirm that Commissioners’ decisions are prone to personal bias regardless of legal process designed to ensure the contrary. The linkage of bias, prejudice and discrimination has not been fully explored in a quasi-judicial sphere within South Africa. The key objective of the research was to determine the prevalence of bias and identify legal and psycho-social factors impacting Commissioners’ decision-making within the quasi-judicial body of the CCMA. A secondary objective includes the development of a mechanism for reducing bias decision-making. There are primarily two aspects at play when one considers bias within the ambit of commissioners’ decision-making. Firstly, the legal judicial side, section 145 of the Labour Relations Act and secondly, a psycho-social side of bias that effects all people. The formulation of decision making in a psychological sphere is fraught with many obstacles such as framing effects, heuristics, forecasting and indeed decoding or understanding of the problem and solution to be found. The relevance is that bias can be defined by a rationally explained theory that has been irrationally applied. A biased outcome causes a reaction. Due to the reciprocal nature of the reaction of the prejudice, bias can be seen as centred on an event or practice which would give it an ontological value based on biasness being an event. One would then classify bias as a sub-group of a form of discrimination which is in itself a sub-group of prejudice that directly effects social justice and is impacted by stereotypical attitudes and social dominance. The purpose of this research was to show the prevalence of bias in a semi-judicial state sanctioned body and the impact that ineffective, contradictory rules and laws have on the business community at large. In addition, a mechanism to be implemented that would reduce the bias phenomena from the CCMA and business organisations. This research was undertaken to uncover trends and provide insights into bias. During the conciliation/arbitration process various rules are ignored. Therefore, the gleaned insights from experts assisted in identifying whether the systems that are in place need to be improved upon and if manipulation of the processes does take place. As this research was the study of bias within the legislative framework of the CCMA the primary method of research was a deductive survey supported by a literature review and an archival research. In addition to the quantitative research a qualitative research approach using a semi structured interview was used for the study. Non-probability purposive expert sampling including six legal practitioners, au fait with CCMA procedures, were interviewed to determine their experience and views on Bias within the CCMA. Due to the technical expertise required in various Labour Laws, incorporated into the research problem, a qualitative research approach with inductive rather than deductive reasoning was preferred to facilitate understanding of the prevalence of bias. With the gap being a lack of properly qualified Commissioners. It is evident when a standard application of the same rules for all the people are not applied. In addition, with case management in regard to the referral of matters to weed out frivolous and vexatious disputes. The circumstances that result in biased decision making by Commissioner’s are numerous, corruption, racism, gender bias, ineptitude, lack of knowledge of the law, pressure to settle matters, a language component, an economic component, and lack of training to evaluate facts and evidence objectively. Additionally, a lack of consequences for taking biased decisions, rather than a decision that is necessarily right in law. Furthermore, a poor understanding of social justice is evident. The findings of which were that bias does exist and does have an impact on social justice. The CCMA can improve on their performance by managing their caseloads more effectively, with rejecting frivolous cases, employing commissioners with a formal legal qualification and improved training in the reduction of bias decision making. HR practitioners and labour practitioners leading cases at the CCMA can benefit by the psycho-social and legal (procedural) influences identified in the study. This study contributes to the understanding of Bias within a quasi-judicial system and explores the various contradicting laws and systems in use that expose Bias and the views from legal experts on ways to mitigate Bias. This study contributes to the literature of Bias within these systems and further research must explore the underlying causes of overt and covert Bias within the CCMA. , Thesis (DBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2023
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2023-12

Study on the Isixhosa elder’s perspective on mental illness in buffalo city municipality, Eastern Cape, South Africa

  • Authors: Bam, Zimkhitha Yolisa Nokubulela
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Xhosa language -- Eastern Cape , Mental illness
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62827 , vital:73046
  • Description: Generally, the elders in the family are usually responsible for their families, including the care and socialisation of younger members. With the increasing number of mental illness cases being reported, not only in South Africa but the rest of the world, it is imperative to explore what the elderly understand about mental illnesses, given that they may have insights that might be useful. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of elderly members in the isiXhosa community of the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality in the Eastern Cape province, regarding their understanding of mental illnesses. The researcher employed an exploratory-descriptive, qualitative design and adopted Lincoln and Guba’s model of trustworthiness. Participants were recruited through the use of snowball and purposive sampling and the data was gathered through one-on-one interviews conducted with elderly isiXhosa individuals. Thematic analysis was used as a means of data analysis, by following data analysis method by Braun and Clarke. The following themes were identified during the study; Limited understanding about mental illness, varied causes of mental illness and a generationally linked understanding of mental illness. The findings reflected the participants understanding of what mental illness is and the causes of it and suggest that more research is required to understand the cultural influences on perceptions of mental illness. , Thesis (Ma) -- Faculty of Health Science, 2023
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2023-12

Sustainable conservation practices in Tigray, Ethiopia

  • Authors: Assefa, Mulat Zinabu
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Nature conservation -- Economic aspects , Biodiversity conservation -- Economic aspects , Sustainable development -- Ethiopia
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65532 , vital:74185
  • Description: After the short-lived Derg regime's land reform in 1975, Ethiopia's smallholder farmers were granted equitable tenure and ownership rights for the first time in history. Furthermore, since 1991 there was a growing desire for better living conditions among smallholder farmers. As a result of the involvement of smallholder farmers, Sustainable Conservation Practices (SCP) was regarded as an effective symbol of government land and rural development policy in Ethiopia in the last two decades. SCP in Tigray, Ethiopia has been hailed as a model of conservation practices impacting the livelihoods of smallholder farmers and sustainable development. It has, however, been accompanied by both criticism and acclaim. Contrary to the success narratives of the SCP, Tigray's smallholder farmers continue to face livelihood challenges and climate threats. The primary aim of this study was to critically assess and explain the livelihood impact of SCPs and ongoing participation in soil and water conservation practices (SWCPs) among Tigrayan smallholder farmers. Previously, studies on the issue have focused on SWC techniques or local watershed management. There has been a lack of adequate research on the historical and political interactions between smallholder farmers and the state regarding land conservation in the past two decades. A mixed method approach was used to address this knowledge gap in four tabiyas through multiple sampling methods, using purposive sampling methods to select two reported models of conservation and random sampling methods to select two average tabiyas, in three different woredas. Mixed methods research was used to combine quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis techniques. The study revealed that Ethiopia's land use laws and policies under previous regimes have led to current challenges in sustainable land conservation and poverty reduction. As a result of land tenure laws and rights imposed by previous regimes, the challenges for the sustainable land use rights and land conservation practices continue to impact the livelihood of smallholder farmers. To demonstrate the success of land reform and conservation efforts, the government has been promoting the continued use of SWC practices by smallholder farmers in the last two decades. As part of SWC practices, political mobilisation and incentives such as safety-net programmes and agricultural inputs are used to encourage participation. Despite admirable advances in land degradation management, there were no appreciable differences between the results from the model and the average tabiya categories in terms of livelihood improvements. The success of the model tabiyas has proven difficult to replicate and it is still too early to judge whether the success of model tabiyas will be sustainable if they do not continue to receive extensive support from government and external stakeholders. The integration of local knowledge is crucial for the success of SCP, and the cumulative effect of the ‗one size fits all‘ approach in Tigray contributed to the failure to see substantial changes in the rural households. Thus, this study recommends the transformation of the rural and agricultural sector requires comprehensive, reliable, indigenous, and scientific paths that are informed by the local and lived experience of the rural households, rather than telling the success stories of conservation over again. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2023
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2023-12
  • Disclaimer
  • Privacy
  • Copyright
  • Contact