A q-metholological approach to audience reception of public awareness messages on sexual violence
- Authors: Bennie, Rachel
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Psychology -- Research -- Methodology , Psychology -- Research , Communication in social action -- South Africa , Psychology -- Research -- South Africa , Women -- Violence against -- South Africa , Women -- Violence against -- South Africa -- Prevention
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/140805 , vital:37920
- Description: Public awareness poster campaigns are an often-used method for raising awareness about, and engaging audiences on the topic of rape and other forms of sexual violence (Potter, 2012). However, poster campaigns, as social artefacts, operate in a public arena in which numerous discourses about a phenomenon are produced, reproduced and interact with each other, with sometimes unintended/unanticipated discursive consequences (Böhmke, Bennie, Minnie, Moore, Pilusa & Pollock, 2015). How messages aimed at raising awareness of sexual violence are framed has the potential to reproduce dominant social narratives and gendered subject positions in ways that reinforce notions of men as active sexual agents and potential perpetrators, and women as sexually passive and potential victims (Gavey, 2005). Other approaches, such as bystander intervention, seek to move away from a focus on victims and perpetrators to emphasise the role that community members can play in risk detection, safety promotion and the prevention of sexual violence (McMahon & Banyard, 2012). Since a range of possible messages about sexual violence can be communicated through poster campaigns, it is important to critically examine the content and orientation of campaign material. This study focused on intended audience views regarding messages about sexual violence contained in anti-sexual violence poster materials. The purpose was to collaborate with a selected audience to better understand which messages are effective and which strategies of communication are perceived to be less so. Through the use of Q-methodology, volunteer participants were invited to express their opinions in relation to messages about sexual violence from a range of posters from several international campaigns. The analysis focused on uncovering the discursive subject positions that participants’ express in their attitudinal responses to the poster messages, providing not only a description of these positions, but also illustrating the level of resonance that the poster messages may find with intended audiences. The aim of the study is to potentially inform the development of more focused campaign material, tailored to the specific context from which participants were drawn. Analysis shows clear patterns of audience resistance towards stereotypical representations of sexual violence and messages that are geared towards the simple prohibition of behaviours. The findings highlight the need for the development of alternative strategies of engagement that focus on specific engagement with understandings of sexual violence in the context of intimate and/or acquaintance relationships and which are aimed at inviting audiences to take up a position in relation to sexual violence phenomena that troubles the reproduction of received notions of gendered subjectivities and (hetero) sexuality
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Bennie, Rachel
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Psychology -- Research -- Methodology , Psychology -- Research , Communication in social action -- South Africa , Psychology -- Research -- South Africa , Women -- Violence against -- South Africa , Women -- Violence against -- South Africa -- Prevention
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/140805 , vital:37920
- Description: Public awareness poster campaigns are an often-used method for raising awareness about, and engaging audiences on the topic of rape and other forms of sexual violence (Potter, 2012). However, poster campaigns, as social artefacts, operate in a public arena in which numerous discourses about a phenomenon are produced, reproduced and interact with each other, with sometimes unintended/unanticipated discursive consequences (Böhmke, Bennie, Minnie, Moore, Pilusa & Pollock, 2015). How messages aimed at raising awareness of sexual violence are framed has the potential to reproduce dominant social narratives and gendered subject positions in ways that reinforce notions of men as active sexual agents and potential perpetrators, and women as sexually passive and potential victims (Gavey, 2005). Other approaches, such as bystander intervention, seek to move away from a focus on victims and perpetrators to emphasise the role that community members can play in risk detection, safety promotion and the prevention of sexual violence (McMahon & Banyard, 2012). Since a range of possible messages about sexual violence can be communicated through poster campaigns, it is important to critically examine the content and orientation of campaign material. This study focused on intended audience views regarding messages about sexual violence contained in anti-sexual violence poster materials. The purpose was to collaborate with a selected audience to better understand which messages are effective and which strategies of communication are perceived to be less so. Through the use of Q-methodology, volunteer participants were invited to express their opinions in relation to messages about sexual violence from a range of posters from several international campaigns. The analysis focused on uncovering the discursive subject positions that participants’ express in their attitudinal responses to the poster messages, providing not only a description of these positions, but also illustrating the level of resonance that the poster messages may find with intended audiences. The aim of the study is to potentially inform the development of more focused campaign material, tailored to the specific context from which participants were drawn. Analysis shows clear patterns of audience resistance towards stereotypical representations of sexual violence and messages that are geared towards the simple prohibition of behaviours. The findings highlight the need for the development of alternative strategies of engagement that focus on specific engagement with understandings of sexual violence in the context of intimate and/or acquaintance relationships and which are aimed at inviting audiences to take up a position in relation to sexual violence phenomena that troubles the reproduction of received notions of gendered subjectivities and (hetero) sexuality
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
A skin that took them through
- Authors: Kgame, Mbali
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: South African fiction (English) -- 21st century , African fiction (English) -- History and criticism , Short stories, South African (English) -- 21st century , Diaries -- Authorship
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147638 , vital:38656
- Description: This project comprises of interlinked fictional short stories capturing experiences of the “invisibilised’’ young people- the street kids, drug addicts, cashiers, childminders, the sick, first graduates etc. These stories are a way to interrogate the fallacy of a “free and fair” South Africa by noting events taking place within homes, communities and countrywide. Told in a playful, innocent, curious, childlike voice and reasoning, my work draws inspiration from Werewere Likings ‘The Amputated Memory,’ for its ability to narrate the current without divorcing the past. I draw inspiration from Liking’s way of writing family connectivity and employing an emerging voice of the narrator starting from being a child scribbling to later becoming an elder. Nana Kwame Adjei-Brenyah’s ‘Black Friday’ for scanning into young black people’s experiences in a society where their bodies move as misfits. My work also draws from Lesley Nneka Arimah’s ‘What It Means When a Man Falls from the Sky’ for the interlinked stories. Lastly the stories in this project take from Sindiwe Magona’s Mother to Mother for humanising bodies that have been reduced to frames.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Kgame, Mbali
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: South African fiction (English) -- 21st century , African fiction (English) -- History and criticism , Short stories, South African (English) -- 21st century , Diaries -- Authorship
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147638 , vital:38656
- Description: This project comprises of interlinked fictional short stories capturing experiences of the “invisibilised’’ young people- the street kids, drug addicts, cashiers, childminders, the sick, first graduates etc. These stories are a way to interrogate the fallacy of a “free and fair” South Africa by noting events taking place within homes, communities and countrywide. Told in a playful, innocent, curious, childlike voice and reasoning, my work draws inspiration from Werewere Likings ‘The Amputated Memory,’ for its ability to narrate the current without divorcing the past. I draw inspiration from Liking’s way of writing family connectivity and employing an emerging voice of the narrator starting from being a child scribbling to later becoming an elder. Nana Kwame Adjei-Brenyah’s ‘Black Friday’ for scanning into young black people’s experiences in a society where their bodies move as misfits. My work also draws from Lesley Nneka Arimah’s ‘What It Means When a Man Falls from the Sky’ for the interlinked stories. Lastly the stories in this project take from Sindiwe Magona’s Mother to Mother for humanising bodies that have been reduced to frames.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
A socio-political analysis of the adoption of certain AmaXhosa surnames
- Authors: Johnson, Stembele
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Names, Personal -- Xhosa , Names, Personal -- Xhosa -- Political aspects , Names, Personal -- Xhosa -- Sociological aspects , Xhosa (African people) -- Social life and customs , Onomastics -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/164298 , vital:41107
- Description: It is always assumed when you have a white surname that you have a white lineage or your forefathers were white, and that was always my struggle in school to explain the meaning of my surname and where it came from. Not only European surnames used by amaXhosa are difficult to explain but also many isiXhosa surnames are very hard to break down and explain. This is because many word from th e isiXhosa language, that are used in surnames are no longer used and if one does not know the history of certain names then it would be difficult to know the meaning of a surname or misinterpret its meaning to the modern words of isiXhosa that we know. S urnames are not of African origin, they came from the West, but because of colonialism surnames were enforced on African people. Most of the surnames they used, are said to be names of their forefathers (ancestors), and there is a small amount or none that links to femininity in these surnames. Surnames are part of naming and naming is part of onomastics. Naming is a very important tool used among various African cultures to convey certain messages, either to an individual, family members or a community. On omastics is multidisciplinary in nature. It can be approached from different perspectives. These include linguistic, historical, sociological, philosophical, economical and other perspectives. This research looks at the depth of certain amaXhosa surnames and even their links to other names like, nicknames and clan names etc.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Johnson, Stembele
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Names, Personal -- Xhosa , Names, Personal -- Xhosa -- Political aspects , Names, Personal -- Xhosa -- Sociological aspects , Xhosa (African people) -- Social life and customs , Onomastics -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/164298 , vital:41107
- Description: It is always assumed when you have a white surname that you have a white lineage or your forefathers were white, and that was always my struggle in school to explain the meaning of my surname and where it came from. Not only European surnames used by amaXhosa are difficult to explain but also many isiXhosa surnames are very hard to break down and explain. This is because many word from th e isiXhosa language, that are used in surnames are no longer used and if one does not know the history of certain names then it would be difficult to know the meaning of a surname or misinterpret its meaning to the modern words of isiXhosa that we know. S urnames are not of African origin, they came from the West, but because of colonialism surnames were enforced on African people. Most of the surnames they used, are said to be names of their forefathers (ancestors), and there is a small amount or none that links to femininity in these surnames. Surnames are part of naming and naming is part of onomastics. Naming is a very important tool used among various African cultures to convey certain messages, either to an individual, family members or a community. On omastics is multidisciplinary in nature. It can be approached from different perspectives. These include linguistic, historical, sociological, philosophical, economical and other perspectives. This research looks at the depth of certain amaXhosa surnames and even their links to other names like, nicknames and clan names etc.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
A systematic review of the efficacy of internet-based interventions for depression and anxiety disorders: the possibilities and limitations for feasibility within South Africa
- Authors: Sealy-Fisher, Kay Tibeta
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Depression, Mental -- Treatment -- South Africa , Anxiety disorders -- Treatment -- South Africa , Internet in psychotherapy -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144632 , vital:38364
- Description: Technological advances may alleviate the burden on South Africa’s mental healthcare system. This study is a systematic review of literature that assesses the efficacy of high quality online interventions for depression and anxiety, and that compares the reviewed studies’ characteristics to the South African context to assist in future developments of online interventions for depression and anxiety within South Africa. This was achieved through using a 2010 systematic review of Griffiths, Farrer, and Christensen as point of departure. This research had two aims: to provide an updated systematic review of the literature reporting on the efficacy of internet-based interventions for depression and anxiety disorders; and to evaluate the possibilities and limitations for the feasibility of implementing internet-based interventions for depression and anxiety disorders in the South African context. Databases accessed were PubMed, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Included studies must: (i) report on one or more internet-based intervention, (ii) target depression or anxiety or both, (iii) report the effect size or provide enough information to calculate it, (iv) report a measure of symptoms outcome, (v) be a Randomised Controlled Trial, (vi) include a control group that received no active intervention, (vii) be published and peer-reviewed, (viii) have been published after January 2010. The search yielded 2999 potential studies of which 20 full texts were reviewed. Of these, 75% (n=15) of the studies report effect sizes above 0.20, and 25% (n=5) of the studies report effect sizes above 0.80. Themes emergent from literature and included studies distinguished effective from non-effective studies included the use of cognitive behavioural therapy, therapist input and reminders to engage with the intervention, and duration of over 6 weeks. Attrition rates did not differ between experimental and control groups. Sample characteristics between the reviewed interventions and South Africa’s population were found to be different and is discussed. Unfortunately, 37 potential studies could not be accessed and thus not included, although several attempts were made. The majority of studies had effect sizes equal to that of face-to-face therapeutic interventions. Implications of application in South Africa’s context with limited technological familiarity, insufficiency of professionally trained therapists, poor literacy, and high costs of internet data are discussed. It is concluded that with appropriate adaptation, online internet interventions for depression and anxiety would be beneficial to South Africa’s people and assist in lowering the country’s burden of mental health disorders.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Sealy-Fisher, Kay Tibeta
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Depression, Mental -- Treatment -- South Africa , Anxiety disorders -- Treatment -- South Africa , Internet in psychotherapy -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144632 , vital:38364
- Description: Technological advances may alleviate the burden on South Africa’s mental healthcare system. This study is a systematic review of literature that assesses the efficacy of high quality online interventions for depression and anxiety, and that compares the reviewed studies’ characteristics to the South African context to assist in future developments of online interventions for depression and anxiety within South Africa. This was achieved through using a 2010 systematic review of Griffiths, Farrer, and Christensen as point of departure. This research had two aims: to provide an updated systematic review of the literature reporting on the efficacy of internet-based interventions for depression and anxiety disorders; and to evaluate the possibilities and limitations for the feasibility of implementing internet-based interventions for depression and anxiety disorders in the South African context. Databases accessed were PubMed, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Included studies must: (i) report on one or more internet-based intervention, (ii) target depression or anxiety or both, (iii) report the effect size or provide enough information to calculate it, (iv) report a measure of symptoms outcome, (v) be a Randomised Controlled Trial, (vi) include a control group that received no active intervention, (vii) be published and peer-reviewed, (viii) have been published after January 2010. The search yielded 2999 potential studies of which 20 full texts were reviewed. Of these, 75% (n=15) of the studies report effect sizes above 0.20, and 25% (n=5) of the studies report effect sizes above 0.80. Themes emergent from literature and included studies distinguished effective from non-effective studies included the use of cognitive behavioural therapy, therapist input and reminders to engage with the intervention, and duration of over 6 weeks. Attrition rates did not differ between experimental and control groups. Sample characteristics between the reviewed interventions and South Africa’s population were found to be different and is discussed. Unfortunately, 37 potential studies could not be accessed and thus not included, although several attempts were made. The majority of studies had effect sizes equal to that of face-to-face therapeutic interventions. Implications of application in South Africa’s context with limited technological familiarity, insufficiency of professionally trained therapists, poor literacy, and high costs of internet data are discussed. It is concluded that with appropriate adaptation, online internet interventions for depression and anxiety would be beneficial to South Africa’s people and assist in lowering the country’s burden of mental health disorders.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
A tribute to you
- Ndlebe-September, Thobeka Veronica
- Authors: Ndlebe-September, Thobeka Veronica
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: South African fiction (English) -- 21st century , South African fiction (English) -- History and criticism , Short stories, South African (English) -- 21st century , Xhosa fiction -- 21st century , Xhosa fiction -- History and criticism , Short stories, Xhosa -- 21st century , Diaries -- Authorship
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144989 , vital:38398
- Description: My collection of short stories reflects my interest in narrative biblical fiction, allegorical stories about people and nature that resonate with our daily lives. I have been greatly influenced by writers such as Joel Matlou, Flannery O’Connor, Barry Gifford, Miriam Tladi and Leah Harris amongst others. I have also been captivated by fairy tales and folk tales, and also the work of isiXhosa writers such as S. E. K. Mqhayi, Madiponi Masenya, and Hulisani Ramantswana. I have discovered that I can borrow certain styles and forms of writing to enhance my own stories which are situated within ‘local’ contexts such as education, poverty, employment, the body, life and death.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Ndlebe-September, Thobeka Veronica
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: South African fiction (English) -- 21st century , South African fiction (English) -- History and criticism , Short stories, South African (English) -- 21st century , Xhosa fiction -- 21st century , Xhosa fiction -- History and criticism , Short stories, Xhosa -- 21st century , Diaries -- Authorship
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144989 , vital:38398
- Description: My collection of short stories reflects my interest in narrative biblical fiction, allegorical stories about people and nature that resonate with our daily lives. I have been greatly influenced by writers such as Joel Matlou, Flannery O’Connor, Barry Gifford, Miriam Tladi and Leah Harris amongst others. I have also been captivated by fairy tales and folk tales, and also the work of isiXhosa writers such as S. E. K. Mqhayi, Madiponi Masenya, and Hulisani Ramantswana. I have discovered that I can borrow certain styles and forms of writing to enhance my own stories which are situated within ‘local’ contexts such as education, poverty, employment, the body, life and death.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Addo Elephant National Park 1900 – 1955: An Environmental History of the struggle between elephants and emerging commercial farmers in the Sundays River Valley
- Jones,Nicholas Austen Inskip
- Authors: Jones,Nicholas Austen Inskip
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Wildlife conservation -- South Africa -- Addo National Park
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46922 , vital:39733
- Description: The research covers the first half of the 20th Century in the Sundays River Valley, and the relations between the elephants and the local farmers. The research includes some discussion of the implementation of new ideas to agriculture, irrigation, and colonial settlement with the interplay between the colonial farmers and the Administration. There is reference to the early politics surrounding nature conservation and the difficulties faced by farmers from wildlife and the difficulty wildlife face trying to co-exist alongside early intensive commercial agriculture.Included is the decision making process of the Colonial administration with reference to wildlife and agriculture relating to charismatic animal species.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Jones,Nicholas Austen Inskip
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Wildlife conservation -- South Africa -- Addo National Park
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46922 , vital:39733
- Description: The research covers the first half of the 20th Century in the Sundays River Valley, and the relations between the elephants and the local farmers. The research includes some discussion of the implementation of new ideas to agriculture, irrigation, and colonial settlement with the interplay between the colonial farmers and the Administration. There is reference to the early politics surrounding nature conservation and the difficulties faced by farmers from wildlife and the difficulty wildlife face trying to co-exist alongside early intensive commercial agriculture.Included is the decision making process of the Colonial administration with reference to wildlife and agriculture relating to charismatic animal species.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Age is nothing but a number: Ben 10s, sugar mummies, and the South African gender order in the Daily Sun’s Facebook page
- Authors: Mlangeni, Ntombikayise Lina
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: May-December romances -- South Africa , Women in mass media , Men in mass media , Sex role in mass media , Masculinity in mass media , Feminism and mass media , Critical discourse analysis , Unemployment -- Social aspects -- South Africa , Daily Sun (South Africa) , Ben 10
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/167077 , vital:41435
- Description: This thesis examines how meanings of masculinity and femininity are negotiated by South Africans on a social media platform linked to a popular local tabloid newspaper. In particular it explores conversations surrounding the Ben 10 phenomenon on the Daily Sun’s Facebook page. A Ben 10 is commonly understood as a young man who enters into a sexual relationship with an older woman, mostly in township settings, and readers engage vociferously over the meanings of such relationships. Using a constructivist understanding of gender, a thematic analysis is used to examine the Facebook comments on the Daily Sun’s most popular Ben 10 stories. South Africa’s constitution promotes the right to gender equality and freedom, which contributes to the normalisation of sex in public conversations and political debate. However, with high levels of unemployment and poverty in South Africa, the narrative of masculine success through work remains relatively unattainable. This tension between the narrative of male-bread winner through work and the reality of South Africa’s poverty and unemployment has been referred to as the crisis of masculinity. This thesis will argue that tabloids can play a strong political role by providing an alternative public sphere and that they can also assist their readers in coping with life in a democratic society by creating an imagined community of people sharing common experiences.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Mlangeni, Ntombikayise Lina
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: May-December romances -- South Africa , Women in mass media , Men in mass media , Sex role in mass media , Masculinity in mass media , Feminism and mass media , Critical discourse analysis , Unemployment -- Social aspects -- South Africa , Daily Sun (South Africa) , Ben 10
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/167077 , vital:41435
- Description: This thesis examines how meanings of masculinity and femininity are negotiated by South Africans on a social media platform linked to a popular local tabloid newspaper. In particular it explores conversations surrounding the Ben 10 phenomenon on the Daily Sun’s Facebook page. A Ben 10 is commonly understood as a young man who enters into a sexual relationship with an older woman, mostly in township settings, and readers engage vociferously over the meanings of such relationships. Using a constructivist understanding of gender, a thematic analysis is used to examine the Facebook comments on the Daily Sun’s most popular Ben 10 stories. South Africa’s constitution promotes the right to gender equality and freedom, which contributes to the normalisation of sex in public conversations and political debate. However, with high levels of unemployment and poverty in South Africa, the narrative of masculine success through work remains relatively unattainable. This tension between the narrative of male-bread winner through work and the reality of South Africa’s poverty and unemployment has been referred to as the crisis of masculinity. This thesis will argue that tabloids can play a strong political role by providing an alternative public sphere and that they can also assist their readers in coping with life in a democratic society by creating an imagined community of people sharing common experiences.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
An analysis of purple truths: an alternative history of the school of journalism and media studies at Rhodes University. Exploring the possibilities of digital media for telling history through multiple voices
- Authors: Geldenhuys, Jesamé
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Citizen journalism -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Social media and history -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Public history -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Digital media -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Digital humanities , User-generated content -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Social media -- Authorship , Rhodes University. School of Journalism and Media Studies -- History , Purple Truths
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142293 , vital:38066
- Description: In theory, notions of public history and participatory journalism signal the ability of users to become active collaborators in the journalistic process with a degree of agency and authority over media content. Similarities in public history and participatory journalism are manifested in audience participation where the traditional and hegemonic boundaries between readers and journalists/historians are challenged. In this thesis, I present Purple Truths, a digital public history website about the School of Journalism and Media Studies at Rhodes University, that highlights multivocality and plurality. It allowed for democratisation of the historical narrative by inviting audience participation to historical inquiry on a digital platform. It was constructed as a case study for the thesis to investigate participatory processes. Using a five-dimensional model developed by Netzer et al. (2014) for the construction of participation on news websites, I identified five major participation features that revealed how and where participation was happening on the website. The features were mapped and tabulated according to Carpentier’s (2011) maximalist/minimalist dimensions of participation (access, interaction and ‘real’) to determine the degrees of participation in this study towards the aim of using the Purple Truths website to democratise the historical narrative. My findings suggest that despite a diversity of strategies, the study did have to rely on existing norms and practices of editorial decision-making, even in the context of digital media, and significant stages of the news-production process (selection/filtering) remained in the hands of researcher/editor. Maximalist participation, demonstrated as equalised power relations in decision-making, has a utopian dimension and is difficult to translate into practice. However, participation research requires further investigation in the digital humanities in South Africa to explore notions of democratisation of the narrative in academic and social praxis as sites of interdisciplinary democratic renewal
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Geldenhuys, Jesamé
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Citizen journalism -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Social media and history -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Public history -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Digital media -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Digital humanities , User-generated content -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Social media -- Authorship , Rhodes University. School of Journalism and Media Studies -- History , Purple Truths
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142293 , vital:38066
- Description: In theory, notions of public history and participatory journalism signal the ability of users to become active collaborators in the journalistic process with a degree of agency and authority over media content. Similarities in public history and participatory journalism are manifested in audience participation where the traditional and hegemonic boundaries between readers and journalists/historians are challenged. In this thesis, I present Purple Truths, a digital public history website about the School of Journalism and Media Studies at Rhodes University, that highlights multivocality and plurality. It allowed for democratisation of the historical narrative by inviting audience participation to historical inquiry on a digital platform. It was constructed as a case study for the thesis to investigate participatory processes. Using a five-dimensional model developed by Netzer et al. (2014) for the construction of participation on news websites, I identified five major participation features that revealed how and where participation was happening on the website. The features were mapped and tabulated according to Carpentier’s (2011) maximalist/minimalist dimensions of participation (access, interaction and ‘real’) to determine the degrees of participation in this study towards the aim of using the Purple Truths website to democratise the historical narrative. My findings suggest that despite a diversity of strategies, the study did have to rely on existing norms and practices of editorial decision-making, even in the context of digital media, and significant stages of the news-production process (selection/filtering) remained in the hands of researcher/editor. Maximalist participation, demonstrated as equalised power relations in decision-making, has a utopian dimension and is difficult to translate into practice. However, participation research requires further investigation in the digital humanities in South Africa to explore notions of democratisation of the narrative in academic and social praxis as sites of interdisciplinary democratic renewal
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
An Analysis of Self-Help Agricultural Projects in Rothe Village, Lesotho
- Authors: Phiri, Bokang
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Community development -- Lesotho , Rural development -- Lesotho , Rural development projects - Lesotho -- Case studies , Agricultural development projects - Lesotho -- Case studies , Agricultural development projects - Lesotho -- Evaluation , Rural Self-Help Development Association
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144242 , vital:38324
- Description: The study analysed self-help agricultural projects in Rothe, Lesotho to ascertain whether they improve the quality lives of Rothe villagers. As much as government driven self-help projects in Lesotho contribute to growing the rural economy, there is limited research that looks the sustainability of these interventions. Much of the literature in Lesotho reveal that self-help agricultural projects have focused on people being provided with food-for-work, or cash-for-work, these offered little benefits and temporary relief for hunger for beneficiaries. This study seeks to understand how self-help agricultural projects can sustainable improve the lives of Rothe community in Lesotho. The study drew from Sustainable Livelihoods Approach to understand self-help agricultural projects in Rothe, Lesotho. The study employed a qualitative case study approach, supplemented by purposive and snowball sampling methods and semi-structured interviews to select and interview self-help project beneficiaries and Field Officers of RSDA in Rothe Village. The findings revealed that self-help agricultural projects are alternative development interventions for improving the quality lives of poor rural villagers. These development interventions enable people to access livelihoods resources, assets, and social capitals that are important to improve, and sustain livelihoods. Additionally, they improve capabilities of the poor, and contribute to their overall development. The thesis concludes that these development interventions have a role to play in alleviating rural poverty lives as a way to ensure equitable distribution of resources. The study recommends that the government, people on the ground and RSDA should work together to strengthen people’s capabilities through self-help agricultural projects to promote welfare and well-being of rural people.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Phiri, Bokang
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Community development -- Lesotho , Rural development -- Lesotho , Rural development projects - Lesotho -- Case studies , Agricultural development projects - Lesotho -- Case studies , Agricultural development projects - Lesotho -- Evaluation , Rural Self-Help Development Association
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144242 , vital:38324
- Description: The study analysed self-help agricultural projects in Rothe, Lesotho to ascertain whether they improve the quality lives of Rothe villagers. As much as government driven self-help projects in Lesotho contribute to growing the rural economy, there is limited research that looks the sustainability of these interventions. Much of the literature in Lesotho reveal that self-help agricultural projects have focused on people being provided with food-for-work, or cash-for-work, these offered little benefits and temporary relief for hunger for beneficiaries. This study seeks to understand how self-help agricultural projects can sustainable improve the lives of Rothe community in Lesotho. The study drew from Sustainable Livelihoods Approach to understand self-help agricultural projects in Rothe, Lesotho. The study employed a qualitative case study approach, supplemented by purposive and snowball sampling methods and semi-structured interviews to select and interview self-help project beneficiaries and Field Officers of RSDA in Rothe Village. The findings revealed that self-help agricultural projects are alternative development interventions for improving the quality lives of poor rural villagers. These development interventions enable people to access livelihoods resources, assets, and social capitals that are important to improve, and sustain livelihoods. Additionally, they improve capabilities of the poor, and contribute to their overall development. The thesis concludes that these development interventions have a role to play in alleviating rural poverty lives as a way to ensure equitable distribution of resources. The study recommends that the government, people on the ground and RSDA should work together to strengthen people’s capabilities through self-help agricultural projects to promote welfare and well-being of rural people.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
An anthropoligical Inquiry on knowledge and understanding of Diabetes: a cultural analysis of knowledge construction amongst the youth in Humewood, Port Elizabeth
- Authors: Bota, Zizipho
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Diabetes -- Port Elizabeth --South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46659 , vital:39606
- Description: The study sought to inquire about the youth’s knowledge and understanding of diabetes in relation to its different types with regards to determined societal components such as education, culture, healthcare and socioeconomic status. It then became important to establish what the youth in Humewood, Port Elizabeth, understand about diabetes in relation to its three different types with regard to education, culture, healthcare and socioeconomic status in Humewood, Port Elizabeth. Previous studies have failed to inquire about knowledge construction and understanding of diabetes in Port Elizabeth, this provided an opportunity to do so, especially since diabetes is growing rapidly and is a lifelong illness. Most studies tend to focus on disseminating information to those that already have diabetes, overlooking the importance of diabetes education as a preventative strategy. The research followed a qualitative approach which included semi-structured individual face-to-face interviews as a method of data collection amongst ten participants using convenience sampling. The data revealed the importance of diabetes education and representation, and showed that financial standing and healthcare are interconnected. Complex inferiorities and social stratification hinder the betterment of the general welfare and therefore signifying social injustice. This research is an important contribution to medical anthropology in the context of Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Bota, Zizipho
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Diabetes -- Port Elizabeth --South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46659 , vital:39606
- Description: The study sought to inquire about the youth’s knowledge and understanding of diabetes in relation to its different types with regards to determined societal components such as education, culture, healthcare and socioeconomic status. It then became important to establish what the youth in Humewood, Port Elizabeth, understand about diabetes in relation to its three different types with regard to education, culture, healthcare and socioeconomic status in Humewood, Port Elizabeth. Previous studies have failed to inquire about knowledge construction and understanding of diabetes in Port Elizabeth, this provided an opportunity to do so, especially since diabetes is growing rapidly and is a lifelong illness. Most studies tend to focus on disseminating information to those that already have diabetes, overlooking the importance of diabetes education as a preventative strategy. The research followed a qualitative approach which included semi-structured individual face-to-face interviews as a method of data collection amongst ten participants using convenience sampling. The data revealed the importance of diabetes education and representation, and showed that financial standing and healthcare are interconnected. Complex inferiorities and social stratification hinder the betterment of the general welfare and therefore signifying social injustice. This research is an important contribution to medical anthropology in the context of Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
An appraisal and critique of land redistribution approaches in South Africa
- Authors: Phiri, M C S
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: University of the Western Cape. Institute for Poverty, Land and Agrarian Studies , Land reform -- South Africa , Land reform -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Agriculture and state -- South Africa , Reconstruction and Development Programme (South Africa) , Land reform beneficiaries -- South Africa , South Africa -- Economic conditions -- 1991- , South Africa -- Social conditions -- 1994- , South Africa -- Economic policy , Land tenure -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Black people -- South Africa -- Economic conditions , Black people -- South Africa -- Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149161 , vital:38810
- Description: This paper is in response to the PLAAS Land Conference held in February 2019 which aimed at discovering an alternative to how to solve the land question. The conference came at a time where land and agrarian reform re-emerged in South African socio-policy discussion. After twenty-five years of democracy the three land reform programmes have failed to restructure apartheid’s economic segregation, exclusionary land ownership patterns and to restore dignity to poor black South Africans. This study offers a detailed examination of the discourse of South African land reform, specifically the redistribution component with a focus on the land redistribution approaches presented at the PLAAS conference. Ultimately, the study puts forward a synthesized land redistribution approach as a hybrid solution to the land and agrarian crisis.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Phiri, M C S
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: University of the Western Cape. Institute for Poverty, Land and Agrarian Studies , Land reform -- South Africa , Land reform -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Agriculture and state -- South Africa , Reconstruction and Development Programme (South Africa) , Land reform beneficiaries -- South Africa , South Africa -- Economic conditions -- 1991- , South Africa -- Social conditions -- 1994- , South Africa -- Economic policy , Land tenure -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Black people -- South Africa -- Economic conditions , Black people -- South Africa -- Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149161 , vital:38810
- Description: This paper is in response to the PLAAS Land Conference held in February 2019 which aimed at discovering an alternative to how to solve the land question. The conference came at a time where land and agrarian reform re-emerged in South African socio-policy discussion. After twenty-five years of democracy the three land reform programmes have failed to restructure apartheid’s economic segregation, exclusionary land ownership patterns and to restore dignity to poor black South Africans. This study offers a detailed examination of the discourse of South African land reform, specifically the redistribution component with a focus on the land redistribution approaches presented at the PLAAS conference. Ultimately, the study puts forward a synthesized land redistribution approach as a hybrid solution to the land and agrarian crisis.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
An evaluation of the integrative propositional analysis model for complex policy environments:The case of the Drakenstein housing policy, 2010-2017
- Authors: De Wee, Guswin
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Housing policy -- South Africa -- Drakenstein
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46681 , vital:39608
- Description: This study evaluates the Integrative Propositional Analysis (IPA) (Wallis, 2015), and its usefulness as a complementary model for analysing and evaluating public policy and policy implementation. The IPA model is evaluated in this longitudinal study and seeks to establish the validity of the correlation between the historically implemented results of the Drakenstein Local Municipality Housing Policy against the complexity and systemicity scores of the policy between 2010 and 2017. The IPA model predicts that the higher the complexity and systemicity of the internal logic structure of a policy, the more useful and effective the policy will be, and for its successful implementation. The model is premised on the idea that policies are more useful when they have some level of structure and has been accepted widely for some time (Wallis, 2018). The study thus is an evaluation of the usefulness of the model as complementing policy analysis and evaluation for successful implementation based on the policy internal structure. The research study provided a brief historical background on the development of the IPA and locates it as a ‗science two‘ model based on its systems thinking and Complexity Theory properties to policy analysis. An extensive literature review was undertaken, and secondary data was gathered and analysed to gauge the policy‘s historical success. In examining the Drakenstein‘s housing policy outcomes for evaluating the IPA model, the study adopted both qualitative and quantitative approaches for this exploratory descriptive report. The diagnosis indicated that the revised targets, introduced during the implementation altered the vision of the policy. This allowed for an analysis of the low structure of the policy and its inability to create integrated sustainable human settlements.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: De Wee, Guswin
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Housing policy -- South Africa -- Drakenstein
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46681 , vital:39608
- Description: This study evaluates the Integrative Propositional Analysis (IPA) (Wallis, 2015), and its usefulness as a complementary model for analysing and evaluating public policy and policy implementation. The IPA model is evaluated in this longitudinal study and seeks to establish the validity of the correlation between the historically implemented results of the Drakenstein Local Municipality Housing Policy against the complexity and systemicity scores of the policy between 2010 and 2017. The IPA model predicts that the higher the complexity and systemicity of the internal logic structure of a policy, the more useful and effective the policy will be, and for its successful implementation. The model is premised on the idea that policies are more useful when they have some level of structure and has been accepted widely for some time (Wallis, 2018). The study thus is an evaluation of the usefulness of the model as complementing policy analysis and evaluation for successful implementation based on the policy internal structure. The research study provided a brief historical background on the development of the IPA and locates it as a ‗science two‘ model based on its systems thinking and Complexity Theory properties to policy analysis. An extensive literature review was undertaken, and secondary data was gathered and analysed to gauge the policy‘s historical success. In examining the Drakenstein‘s housing policy outcomes for evaluating the IPA model, the study adopted both qualitative and quantitative approaches for this exploratory descriptive report. The diagnosis indicated that the revised targets, introduced during the implementation altered the vision of the policy. This allowed for an analysis of the low structure of the policy and its inability to create integrated sustainable human settlements.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
An ideological analysis of the construction of masculinity in the South African superhero comic book, Kwezi
- Authors: Reyneke, Brendon George
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Mkize, Loyiso, 1987- -- Kwezi , Superheroes -- South Africa , Comic books, strips, etc. -- South Africa , Graphic novels -- South Africa , Masculinity in literature , Violence in literature , Superheroes, Black
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144533 , vital:38354
- Description: In 2014, South African artist and comic book illustrator, Loyiso Mkize created Kwezi, South Africa’s first superhero comic book. His comic features the titular Kwezi as a young, black man living alone on the outskirts of Gold City who discovers he has superpowers. Along with Kwezi, the comic is populated by predominantly black African characters – both good and bad. The creation of Kwezi is an important step in the development of comic books in South Africa as it draws from the cultural and physical landscape of the country and speaks to young black people without them having to look outside of the country for superheroes to identify with. Stuart Hall (Hall, 1997, pp. 272-274) asserts that attempts to reclaim the black subject in popular culture tend to go through two phases. In the first phase blackness is liberated from negative representations and is replaced with more positive depictions. Thereafter though, the black subject is produced inside contemporary “regimes of representation”. In this thesis, I will show how Mkize’s representation of Kwezi follows Stuart Hall’s description of the reclamation of black subjectivity. Using narrative theory, visual social semiotics and Thompson’s modes of operational ideology I will show how in his attempt to represent African blackness positively, Mkize overlooks normative genre representations of masculinity and produces a story of a South African that remains unliberated from patriarchy and hegemonic masculinity. Mkize reproduces many of the hegemonic discourses concerning the masculine body, the power difference between male and female characters and subscribes to the justified, violent actions of the masculine superhero. Typically, in superhero comics there is an erasure of the ordinary man in favour of an excessive and powerful one-dimensional masculine ideal (Brown, 1999, pp. 31-32) At the end of my analysis I will show that Kwezi is constructed in this way as a physically strong and muscular, violent and emotionless, self-made man who is in control and overcomes all obstacles.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Reyneke, Brendon George
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Mkize, Loyiso, 1987- -- Kwezi , Superheroes -- South Africa , Comic books, strips, etc. -- South Africa , Graphic novels -- South Africa , Masculinity in literature , Violence in literature , Superheroes, Black
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144533 , vital:38354
- Description: In 2014, South African artist and comic book illustrator, Loyiso Mkize created Kwezi, South Africa’s first superhero comic book. His comic features the titular Kwezi as a young, black man living alone on the outskirts of Gold City who discovers he has superpowers. Along with Kwezi, the comic is populated by predominantly black African characters – both good and bad. The creation of Kwezi is an important step in the development of comic books in South Africa as it draws from the cultural and physical landscape of the country and speaks to young black people without them having to look outside of the country for superheroes to identify with. Stuart Hall (Hall, 1997, pp. 272-274) asserts that attempts to reclaim the black subject in popular culture tend to go through two phases. In the first phase blackness is liberated from negative representations and is replaced with more positive depictions. Thereafter though, the black subject is produced inside contemporary “regimes of representation”. In this thesis, I will show how Mkize’s representation of Kwezi follows Stuart Hall’s description of the reclamation of black subjectivity. Using narrative theory, visual social semiotics and Thompson’s modes of operational ideology I will show how in his attempt to represent African blackness positively, Mkize overlooks normative genre representations of masculinity and produces a story of a South African that remains unliberated from patriarchy and hegemonic masculinity. Mkize reproduces many of the hegemonic discourses concerning the masculine body, the power difference between male and female characters and subscribes to the justified, violent actions of the masculine superhero. Typically, in superhero comics there is an erasure of the ordinary man in favour of an excessive and powerful one-dimensional masculine ideal (Brown, 1999, pp. 31-32) At the end of my analysis I will show that Kwezi is constructed in this way as a physically strong and muscular, violent and emotionless, self-made man who is in control and overcomes all obstacles.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
An ideological analysis of the construction of the young female action hero as feminist hero in The Hunger Games film franchise
- Authors: Mathurine, Kim Elizabeth
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Everdeen, Katniss (Fictitious character) , Women superheroes in motion pictures , Hunger Games films , Feminist film criticism , Feminism and motion pictures , Women in motion pictures
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142900 , vital:38174
- Description: Young female action heroes have recently stepped into the limelight as commercial celebrations of Girl Power in Hollywood action-adventure films. Feminist films studies however have shown that these independent, tough female heroes claimed as feminist, are still constrained in various ways through stereotypical gender roles within the action-adventure genre. This thesis examines these claims through the ideological analysis of the young female action hero Katniss in The Hunger Games film franchise. Building on existing research on female action heroes, the research asks: ‘to what degree can the claim of Katniss as boundary-breaking, feminist hero be validated’? This question is addressed through a textual analysis of the four films of The Hunger Games film franchise, employing conventions of action-adventure genre, narrative analysis, mise-en-scène and cinematography to unmask the characterisation of the female hero. The discussion of the findings, utilising the themes of Love, Violence and Power, reveal both progressive and regressive elements present in the characterisation of Katniss. The findings indicate that while female action heroes can be celebrated for displaying progressive moments of liberated action, they remain constrained within dominant heteronormative gender roles in commercial Hollywood films, undergoing various acts of transformation and recuperation as a means of containing the threat of their transgressive behaviour.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Mathurine, Kim Elizabeth
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Everdeen, Katniss (Fictitious character) , Women superheroes in motion pictures , Hunger Games films , Feminist film criticism , Feminism and motion pictures , Women in motion pictures
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142900 , vital:38174
- Description: Young female action heroes have recently stepped into the limelight as commercial celebrations of Girl Power in Hollywood action-adventure films. Feminist films studies however have shown that these independent, tough female heroes claimed as feminist, are still constrained in various ways through stereotypical gender roles within the action-adventure genre. This thesis examines these claims through the ideological analysis of the young female action hero Katniss in The Hunger Games film franchise. Building on existing research on female action heroes, the research asks: ‘to what degree can the claim of Katniss as boundary-breaking, feminist hero be validated’? This question is addressed through a textual analysis of the four films of The Hunger Games film franchise, employing conventions of action-adventure genre, narrative analysis, mise-en-scène and cinematography to unmask the characterisation of the female hero. The discussion of the findings, utilising the themes of Love, Violence and Power, reveal both progressive and regressive elements present in the characterisation of Katniss. The findings indicate that while female action heroes can be celebrated for displaying progressive moments of liberated action, they remain constrained within dominant heteronormative gender roles in commercial Hollywood films, undergoing various acts of transformation and recuperation as a means of containing the threat of their transgressive behaviour.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
An inquiry on the efficacy of structures by South African government to promote intergration of traditional medicine and modern medicine: A case of Mossel Bay, Western Cape Province
- Authors: Heynes, Derick Vincent
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Traditional medicine -- South Africa -- Western cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46890 , vital:39723
- Description: The two health systems are currently functioning parallel to one another as it seeks to contribute towards improving the health care delivery systems in South Africa. The myriad of literature available on the topic has nudged this phenomenon into the spotlight, and this realisation became even more apparent since South Africa’s transition from a system of separate development (also known as apartheid) to a democratic dispensation in 1994. Traditional Medicine, also known as folk medicine or complementary and Alternative Medicine (also known as CAM), is regarded as the oldest form of health care system that has been around since the dawn of time. It is in ancient cultures that method of healing have used to cope and deal with various diseases that have threatened their existence and survival (Abdullahi, 2011). Botha (2004) puts it succinctly as she notes that the clash between traditional methods of healing and Western medical science in places like South Africa requires that we ask questions like “What is health?” “What does healing mean?” and outlines that the contemporary move towards the recognition of alternative medicine is concurrent with a shift in Western thinking on the nature of science, healing and human being. These concepts namely; “What is health?” and “What does healing mean?” will be expounded in the chapters that follow. The researcher concurs with Botha (2004) views in that access to basic health services, as well as related infrastructure, such as water supplies, sanitary works and roads, generally remains one of the biggest problems on the continent and this has a huge impact on health care delivery systems, particularly in South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Heynes, Derick Vincent
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Traditional medicine -- South Africa -- Western cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46890 , vital:39723
- Description: The two health systems are currently functioning parallel to one another as it seeks to contribute towards improving the health care delivery systems in South Africa. The myriad of literature available on the topic has nudged this phenomenon into the spotlight, and this realisation became even more apparent since South Africa’s transition from a system of separate development (also known as apartheid) to a democratic dispensation in 1994. Traditional Medicine, also known as folk medicine or complementary and Alternative Medicine (also known as CAM), is regarded as the oldest form of health care system that has been around since the dawn of time. It is in ancient cultures that method of healing have used to cope and deal with various diseases that have threatened their existence and survival (Abdullahi, 2011). Botha (2004) puts it succinctly as she notes that the clash between traditional methods of healing and Western medical science in places like South Africa requires that we ask questions like “What is health?” “What does healing mean?” and outlines that the contemporary move towards the recognition of alternative medicine is concurrent with a shift in Western thinking on the nature of science, healing and human being. These concepts namely; “What is health?” and “What does healing mean?” will be expounded in the chapters that follow. The researcher concurs with Botha (2004) views in that access to basic health services, as well as related infrastructure, such as water supplies, sanitary works and roads, generally remains one of the biggest problems on the continent and this has a huge impact on health care delivery systems, particularly in South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
An unsung dialogue: music, society and the history of The Flames
- Authors: Park, Duncan Keith
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: The Flames (Musical group) , Fataar, Steve , Durban (South Africa) -- History , Durban (South Africa) -- Race relations , Musical groups -- South Africa , Music -- Social aspects -- South Africa , Music -- Social aspects -- South Africa -- Durban , South Africa -- Politics and government -- 1961-1978
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/169632 , vital:41780
- Description: This research aims to examine the relationship between music and social conditions within the context of apartheid . The focus area is the city of Durban, specifically 1960-1970. A case study of the multi-racial Durban-based band, The Flames 1963–1972) will be used to rigorously assess the extent to which social conditions and music can affect each other in both directions. This will also be the first coherent and historical narrative of the band, The Flames. As such, the thesis aims to make an original contribution to this field of music history, while it will provide the very first academic discussion of The Flames. South Africa during apartheid, with its racialised legislation provides an ideal context to scrutinize the effects (both potential and real) of music on social conditions. The Flames provide a particularly relevant case point; being a collective of “mixed-race” individuals classified as Coloured performing for a multi-racial fan- base. This means that at their concerts, audience members would have frequently been from a variety of different racial backgrounds. This would have been in direct contravention to the National Party‟s (NP) Separate Amenities Act as well as the policy of “separate development”, the cornerstone of apartheid. The thesis will firstly contextualise the research within the broader, global historical context, as well as in the existing theoretical literature which focuses on the relationship between music, politics and society. Firstly, this will entail a brief historical account of popular music around the world during the twentieth century. Through this we will observe both the ways in which the development and popularisation of various forms of popular music came to be shaped in a particular way, as well as the ways in which the public received this music. This will include an examination of positive responses to certain kinds of popular music which resonated and became popular with various sectors of society. Conversely, it will also closely examine the backlashes against these musical forms, and attempt to identify why certain sectors of the public were deeply opposed to particular kinds of popular music which may have been perceived to embody certain values and meanings. This will be conducted by studying various forms of popular music from the turn of the twentieth century into the early 1970s with a cross-cultural, global perspective, examining particular historical instances and existing theories relating to these instances. Chapter one will then shift from a global perspective and will situate the research within the South African musical context specifically. This will include an account of the development of South African popular music through the twentieth century in relation to the country's politics. Through examining this relationship, the dialogue between historical case studies and theoretical literature will continue, in which existing theories relating to the relationship between music, politics and society will be discussed. This theoretical literature will be made use of in the final section of the paper in order to make sense of The Flames and their role in South African history. The second section of this thesis will focus on the socio-historical context of the city of Durban under apartheid. The author will contextualise the research through a narrative historical retelling of Durban‟s social history, focusing on both political and social public mobilisation and the role of cultural spaces and practices within these his torical moments and their relevant structures. Attention will be paid to the development of segregation and apartheid within Durban specifically, while racial relations will also be fo cused upon. This will provide the reader with the necessary background required in order to meaningfully understand how the band The Flames came into existence, became popular, and whether or not they had any meaningful effect on their historical context. The section on Durban's history will be followed by a brief account of Durban's Coloured community's history, as well as a discussion around Coloured identity more broadly within the South African context. This will be vital to the research due to the fact that the musicians of The Flames were classified as Coloured under apartheid, and such an historical background will be critical to understanding the social, political and economic context of the band. Finally, the thesis will end with the written history of The Flame . This final section will provide an account of The Flames' history in which the band will be made sense of within the context of Durban during apartheid, as well as within the context of South African music, and the globalised context of popular music. By situating the band within these three contexts, we can truly assess both how they were shaped by their contexts, and whether they had any effect on these contexts of which they were a part. In this section those existing theories around the relationship between music, politics and society will be discussed and assessed in order to determine how useful a framework they may be for understanding popular music in certain historical contexts. In this way, the research aims to make a meaningful contribution to the study of music and its socio-political role throughout history, as well as to the broader understanding of Durban's history. Specifically, the role of music in Durban's history is being examined, and the researcher hopes that this work can begin to open up new discussions around the importance of studying music in Durban, and South Africa's history. Additionally, this thesis will open up a new area of research into a band which, until this point, has not been engaged with in the field of music history whatsoever. .
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Park, Duncan Keith
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: The Flames (Musical group) , Fataar, Steve , Durban (South Africa) -- History , Durban (South Africa) -- Race relations , Musical groups -- South Africa , Music -- Social aspects -- South Africa , Music -- Social aspects -- South Africa -- Durban , South Africa -- Politics and government -- 1961-1978
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/169632 , vital:41780
- Description: This research aims to examine the relationship between music and social conditions within the context of apartheid . The focus area is the city of Durban, specifically 1960-1970. A case study of the multi-racial Durban-based band, The Flames 1963–1972) will be used to rigorously assess the extent to which social conditions and music can affect each other in both directions. This will also be the first coherent and historical narrative of the band, The Flames. As such, the thesis aims to make an original contribution to this field of music history, while it will provide the very first academic discussion of The Flames. South Africa during apartheid, with its racialised legislation provides an ideal context to scrutinize the effects (both potential and real) of music on social conditions. The Flames provide a particularly relevant case point; being a collective of “mixed-race” individuals classified as Coloured performing for a multi-racial fan- base. This means that at their concerts, audience members would have frequently been from a variety of different racial backgrounds. This would have been in direct contravention to the National Party‟s (NP) Separate Amenities Act as well as the policy of “separate development”, the cornerstone of apartheid. The thesis will firstly contextualise the research within the broader, global historical context, as well as in the existing theoretical literature which focuses on the relationship between music, politics and society. Firstly, this will entail a brief historical account of popular music around the world during the twentieth century. Through this we will observe both the ways in which the development and popularisation of various forms of popular music came to be shaped in a particular way, as well as the ways in which the public received this music. This will include an examination of positive responses to certain kinds of popular music which resonated and became popular with various sectors of society. Conversely, it will also closely examine the backlashes against these musical forms, and attempt to identify why certain sectors of the public were deeply opposed to particular kinds of popular music which may have been perceived to embody certain values and meanings. This will be conducted by studying various forms of popular music from the turn of the twentieth century into the early 1970s with a cross-cultural, global perspective, examining particular historical instances and existing theories relating to these instances. Chapter one will then shift from a global perspective and will situate the research within the South African musical context specifically. This will include an account of the development of South African popular music through the twentieth century in relation to the country's politics. Through examining this relationship, the dialogue between historical case studies and theoretical literature will continue, in which existing theories relating to the relationship between music, politics and society will be discussed. This theoretical literature will be made use of in the final section of the paper in order to make sense of The Flames and their role in South African history. The second section of this thesis will focus on the socio-historical context of the city of Durban under apartheid. The author will contextualise the research through a narrative historical retelling of Durban‟s social history, focusing on both political and social public mobilisation and the role of cultural spaces and practices within these his torical moments and their relevant structures. Attention will be paid to the development of segregation and apartheid within Durban specifically, while racial relations will also be fo cused upon. This will provide the reader with the necessary background required in order to meaningfully understand how the band The Flames came into existence, became popular, and whether or not they had any meaningful effect on their historical context. The section on Durban's history will be followed by a brief account of Durban's Coloured community's history, as well as a discussion around Coloured identity more broadly within the South African context. This will be vital to the research due to the fact that the musicians of The Flames were classified as Coloured under apartheid, and such an historical background will be critical to understanding the social, political and economic context of the band. Finally, the thesis will end with the written history of The Flame . This final section will provide an account of The Flames' history in which the band will be made sense of within the context of Durban during apartheid, as well as within the context of South African music, and the globalised context of popular music. By situating the band within these three contexts, we can truly assess both how they were shaped by their contexts, and whether they had any effect on these contexts of which they were a part. In this section those existing theories around the relationship between music, politics and society will be discussed and assessed in order to determine how useful a framework they may be for understanding popular music in certain historical contexts. In this way, the research aims to make a meaningful contribution to the study of music and its socio-political role throughout history, as well as to the broader understanding of Durban's history. Specifically, the role of music in Durban's history is being examined, and the researcher hopes that this work can begin to open up new discussions around the importance of studying music in Durban, and South Africa's history. Additionally, this thesis will open up a new area of research into a band which, until this point, has not been engaged with in the field of music history whatsoever. .
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Approaches used by NGOs in managing HIV/AIDS programmes in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Budaza, Silakhe
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: HIV(Disease)-- Psychological aspects -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/49775 , vital:41799
- Description: The purpose of this research study was to explore the interventions NGOs used in addressing the prevalence of HIV/AIDS along with an exploration of the management and causal factors behind project failures and success. Five districts in the province of the Eastern Cape, South Africa were used in the study. The study had three objectives- the first being to identify the various approaches used to manage HIV/AIDS by NGOs; the second was to consider the influence HIV/AIDS policies on the health sector NGOs and finally the third objective of the study was to explore the monitoring and evaluation mechanism set in place to track progress, or lack of, in HIV/AIDS programs. The research design followed a qualitative methodology and data was gathered from ten participants through semi-structured interviews and supported by a document analysis of existing HIV and AIDS policies from both a national and provincial level which were qualitative. The findings showed that a lack of adequate or delayed funding affected the overall performance of NGOs as well as approaches such as home-based care and educational support programs. Resource mobilization and fundraising ought to be diversified so that there is a committed and varied pool of funds to enable the execution of HIV/AIDS services and programs. The government and other stakeholders should build on local capacity to implement these various programs and build financial, social and organizational sustainability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Budaza, Silakhe
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: HIV(Disease)-- Psychological aspects -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/49775 , vital:41799
- Description: The purpose of this research study was to explore the interventions NGOs used in addressing the prevalence of HIV/AIDS along with an exploration of the management and causal factors behind project failures and success. Five districts in the province of the Eastern Cape, South Africa were used in the study. The study had three objectives- the first being to identify the various approaches used to manage HIV/AIDS by NGOs; the second was to consider the influence HIV/AIDS policies on the health sector NGOs and finally the third objective of the study was to explore the monitoring and evaluation mechanism set in place to track progress, or lack of, in HIV/AIDS programs. The research design followed a qualitative methodology and data was gathered from ten participants through semi-structured interviews and supported by a document analysis of existing HIV and AIDS policies from both a national and provincial level which were qualitative. The findings showed that a lack of adequate or delayed funding affected the overall performance of NGOs as well as approaches such as home-based care and educational support programs. Resource mobilization and fundraising ought to be diversified so that there is a committed and varied pool of funds to enable the execution of HIV/AIDS services and programs. The government and other stakeholders should build on local capacity to implement these various programs and build financial, social and organizational sustainability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Approaches used by NGOs in managing HIV/AIDS programmes in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Budaza, Silakhe
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Non-governmental organizations -- South Africa , Disease management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/50457 , vital:42169
- Description: The purpose of this research study was to explore the interventions NGOs used in addressing the prevalence of HIV/AIDS along with an exploration of the management and causal factors behind project failures and success. Five districts in the province of the Eastern Cape, South Africa were used in the study. The study had three objectives- the first being to identify the various approaches used to manage HIV/AIDS by NGOs; the second was to consider the influence HIV/AIDS policies on the health sector NGOs and finally the third objective of the study was to explore the monitoring and evaluation mechanism set in place to track progress, or lack of, in HIV/AIDS programs. The research design followed a qualitative methodology and data was gathered from ten participants through semi-structured interviews and supported by a document analysis of existing HIV and AIDS policies from both a national and provincial level which were qualitative. The findings showed that a lack of adequate or delayed funding affected the overall performance of NGOs as well as approaches such as home-based care and educational support programs. In addition, the negative stigma associated with HIV/AIDS has been a looming issue since 2004 which continues to undermine efforts of NGOs in their means to manage HIV/AIDS. The consequences of stigma from the findings are treatment adherence issues and little to no attendance of HIV/AIDS programs provided by the respective NGOs. Effective planning and management along with capacitated staff and volunteers increased the positive outcome of HIV/AIDS programs and services offered by the NGOs. From the study findings, it is recommended that the planning of HIV/AIDS approaches should consider resource planning to avoid abandoning projects midway due to a lack of resources. The management and monitoring of NGOs within the health sector, dealing with epidemics such as HIV/AIDS need to build on flexibility in implementation and have effective risk assessments in place as a contingency, so that corrective action is taken. Resource mobilization and fundraising ought to be diversified so that there is a committed and varied pool of funds to enable the execution of HIV/AIDS services and programs. The government and other stakeholders should build on local capacity to implement these various programs and also build financial, social and organizational sustainability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Budaza, Silakhe
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Non-governmental organizations -- South Africa , Disease management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/50457 , vital:42169
- Description: The purpose of this research study was to explore the interventions NGOs used in addressing the prevalence of HIV/AIDS along with an exploration of the management and causal factors behind project failures and success. Five districts in the province of the Eastern Cape, South Africa were used in the study. The study had three objectives- the first being to identify the various approaches used to manage HIV/AIDS by NGOs; the second was to consider the influence HIV/AIDS policies on the health sector NGOs and finally the third objective of the study was to explore the monitoring and evaluation mechanism set in place to track progress, or lack of, in HIV/AIDS programs. The research design followed a qualitative methodology and data was gathered from ten participants through semi-structured interviews and supported by a document analysis of existing HIV and AIDS policies from both a national and provincial level which were qualitative. The findings showed that a lack of adequate or delayed funding affected the overall performance of NGOs as well as approaches such as home-based care and educational support programs. In addition, the negative stigma associated with HIV/AIDS has been a looming issue since 2004 which continues to undermine efforts of NGOs in their means to manage HIV/AIDS. The consequences of stigma from the findings are treatment adherence issues and little to no attendance of HIV/AIDS programs provided by the respective NGOs. Effective planning and management along with capacitated staff and volunteers increased the positive outcome of HIV/AIDS programs and services offered by the NGOs. From the study findings, it is recommended that the planning of HIV/AIDS approaches should consider resource planning to avoid abandoning projects midway due to a lack of resources. The management and monitoring of NGOs within the health sector, dealing with epidemics such as HIV/AIDS need to build on flexibility in implementation and have effective risk assessments in place as a contingency, so that corrective action is taken. Resource mobilization and fundraising ought to be diversified so that there is a committed and varied pool of funds to enable the execution of HIV/AIDS services and programs. The government and other stakeholders should build on local capacity to implement these various programs and also build financial, social and organizational sustainability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Assessment of the implementation of the citizen centric strategies for social grant service delivery :Chris Hani District
- Authors: Danster, Siyabulela
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: South African Social Security Agency -- South Africa -- Chris Hani District
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46692 , vital:39609
- Description: This study aimed to assess the implementation of citizen centric strategies for social grant service delivery in the Chris Hani District and if SASSA is still living up to its promise. SASSA claims it will always pay the right social grant, to the right person, at the right time and place. This study aimed to understand and assess the different strategies of SASSA towards enhancing citizen experience in delivering social grants. The study’s objective was to assess citizen experience regarding the SASSA social grant payment systems, the social grant application processes, and SASSA communication and advocacy programmes. To conduct this study, a qualitative research methodology was employed. The population sample comprised of SASSA officials in the Chris Hani District. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with SASSA officials. The findings of this study reveal that SASSA did well to improve application turnaround time from 90 days to one day. Even so, payment methods must be improved. The recommendations suggest that SASSA should consider insourcing the function of paying social grants and consider opening the closed pay-points, as beneficiaries are struggling to travel to the remaining opened pay-points. The findings also proposed aligning the SocPen and MIS.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Danster, Siyabulela
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: South African Social Security Agency -- South Africa -- Chris Hani District
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46692 , vital:39609
- Description: This study aimed to assess the implementation of citizen centric strategies for social grant service delivery in the Chris Hani District and if SASSA is still living up to its promise. SASSA claims it will always pay the right social grant, to the right person, at the right time and place. This study aimed to understand and assess the different strategies of SASSA towards enhancing citizen experience in delivering social grants. The study’s objective was to assess citizen experience regarding the SASSA social grant payment systems, the social grant application processes, and SASSA communication and advocacy programmes. To conduct this study, a qualitative research methodology was employed. The population sample comprised of SASSA officials in the Chris Hani District. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with SASSA officials. The findings of this study reveal that SASSA did well to improve application turnaround time from 90 days to one day. Even so, payment methods must be improved. The recommendations suggest that SASSA should consider insourcing the function of paying social grants and consider opening the closed pay-points, as beneficiaries are struggling to travel to the remaining opened pay-points. The findings also proposed aligning the SocPen and MIS.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Awareness, knowledge and practices with regards to alcohol use of pregnant women in the Missionvale area
- Authors: Du Preez, Mingon
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Pregnant women -- Alcohol use
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46404 , vital:39572
- Description: South African statistics, when compared to global statistics, has an above-average occurrence of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder(FASD). Alcohol use during pregnancy is on the rise globally and has far-reaching consequences. FASD is an umbrella term that describes the range of effects that can occur in an individual whose mother consumed alcohol during pregnancy.FASDnot only has an abiological, social and emotional negative impact on the individual, but also creates an added burden on the family caring for such an individual. When this condition occurs in a third world country, like South Africa, there is an economic impact as this country has limited physical and human resources to deal with the multitude of repercussions associated with this condition. This study was conducted in the Missionvale Community, an impoverished area of Port Elizabeth in the Eastern Cape. Participants were selected from this community, as clients attending the psychology clinic in the area frequently present with diagnosed FASD and co-concurring conditions, such as scholastic underachievement and behavioural conditions. These factors perpetuate an individuals inability to rise above their current circumstances as they are frequently unable to complete their schooling and are consequently unable to find unemployment. Prevention of FASD is a social, public and personal health issue that requires a multifaceted approach to intervention. The present study aimed to determine participants’ awareness, knowledge levels and practices with regard to alcohol use during pregnancy. Previous studies conducted in the Eastern Cape have primarily focused on the outcomes of prenatal alcohol exposure rather than the contributing factors, thus making this study the first of its kind to be conducted in the Eastern Cape. The study was quantitative in nature and participants were obtained through purposive sampling. A questionnaire, comprising of four different sections was used to obtain the necessary information. The sections in the questionnaire tapped information about the following concepts: Demographics, awareness, knowledge, and practices of alcohol use by pregnant women. The statistical results and additional comments by the participants assisted the researcher to gain a better understanding of the awareness levels, knowledge, and practices with regard to alcohol use of pregnant women residing in the Missionvale area. The results from the study indicate that participants have a general awareness that alcohol use during pregnancy could be harmful to an unborn baby but lack in-depth specific knowledge of the adverse effects of prenatal alcohol exposure.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Du Preez, Mingon
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Pregnant women -- Alcohol use
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46404 , vital:39572
- Description: South African statistics, when compared to global statistics, has an above-average occurrence of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder(FASD). Alcohol use during pregnancy is on the rise globally and has far-reaching consequences. FASD is an umbrella term that describes the range of effects that can occur in an individual whose mother consumed alcohol during pregnancy.FASDnot only has an abiological, social and emotional negative impact on the individual, but also creates an added burden on the family caring for such an individual. When this condition occurs in a third world country, like South Africa, there is an economic impact as this country has limited physical and human resources to deal with the multitude of repercussions associated with this condition. This study was conducted in the Missionvale Community, an impoverished area of Port Elizabeth in the Eastern Cape. Participants were selected from this community, as clients attending the psychology clinic in the area frequently present with diagnosed FASD and co-concurring conditions, such as scholastic underachievement and behavioural conditions. These factors perpetuate an individuals inability to rise above their current circumstances as they are frequently unable to complete their schooling and are consequently unable to find unemployment. Prevention of FASD is a social, public and personal health issue that requires a multifaceted approach to intervention. The present study aimed to determine participants’ awareness, knowledge levels and practices with regard to alcohol use during pregnancy. Previous studies conducted in the Eastern Cape have primarily focused on the outcomes of prenatal alcohol exposure rather than the contributing factors, thus making this study the first of its kind to be conducted in the Eastern Cape. The study was quantitative in nature and participants were obtained through purposive sampling. A questionnaire, comprising of four different sections was used to obtain the necessary information. The sections in the questionnaire tapped information about the following concepts: Demographics, awareness, knowledge, and practices of alcohol use by pregnant women. The statistical results and additional comments by the participants assisted the researcher to gain a better understanding of the awareness levels, knowledge, and practices with regard to alcohol use of pregnant women residing in the Missionvale area. The results from the study indicate that participants have a general awareness that alcohol use during pregnancy could be harmful to an unborn baby but lack in-depth specific knowledge of the adverse effects of prenatal alcohol exposure.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020