Termination of employment in the public service sector: the constitutionality of the deeming provisions
- Authors: Mbewana, Inga
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: unfair labor practices--South Africa , labor law and legislation--South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60080 , vital:62940
- Description: In terms of the South African Public Service Act,1 an employee who absents him- /herself from official duties without permission of his or her head of department, office or institution for a period exceeding one calendar month is deemed to have been discharged by operation of law. A similar provision can also be found in section 14 of the Employment of Educators Act,2 which expressly refers to fourteen (14) consecutive day’s unauthorised absence as opposed to thirty (30) days. Employees whose services have been terminated by operation of law are deprived an opportunity to defend themselves prior to the dismissal as prescribed by the Labour Relations Act3 (LRA). South African courts have grappled with several cases relating to dismissal by operation of law in the public service. The nature of these provisions is such that employees in the public sector are discharged from their duties without any hearing to offer them the opportunity to state their side and/or give a reasonable explanation for their absence. These provisions will thus be referred to herein as “the deeming provisions”. The deeming provisions provide that the discharge / dismissal is “on account of misconduct” however, it does not provide for a pre-dismissal procedure that is to be followed when dismissal is on account of misconduct, as prescribed by the LRA. It has been settled in our law that dismissal by operation of law is not dismissal for the purposes of the LRA. The employees dismissed by operation of law are regarded as if they are not entitled to a hearing. The right to fair labour practices protects everyone including public sector employees, 4 and such right is given effect to by way of enactment of the LRA. The LRA serves to protect public sector employees except where the exclusion is specified. This treatise seeks to challenge the necessity and constitutionality of the deeming provisions on the basis of its contravention of the constitutional right to fair labour practices. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, Department of Mercantile law, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Mbewana, Inga
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: unfair labor practices--South Africa , labor law and legislation--South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60080 , vital:62940
- Description: In terms of the South African Public Service Act,1 an employee who absents him- /herself from official duties without permission of his or her head of department, office or institution for a period exceeding one calendar month is deemed to have been discharged by operation of law. A similar provision can also be found in section 14 of the Employment of Educators Act,2 which expressly refers to fourteen (14) consecutive day’s unauthorised absence as opposed to thirty (30) days. Employees whose services have been terminated by operation of law are deprived an opportunity to defend themselves prior to the dismissal as prescribed by the Labour Relations Act3 (LRA). South African courts have grappled with several cases relating to dismissal by operation of law in the public service. The nature of these provisions is such that employees in the public sector are discharged from their duties without any hearing to offer them the opportunity to state their side and/or give a reasonable explanation for their absence. These provisions will thus be referred to herein as “the deeming provisions”. The deeming provisions provide that the discharge / dismissal is “on account of misconduct” however, it does not provide for a pre-dismissal procedure that is to be followed when dismissal is on account of misconduct, as prescribed by the LRA. It has been settled in our law that dismissal by operation of law is not dismissal for the purposes of the LRA. The employees dismissed by operation of law are regarded as if they are not entitled to a hearing. The right to fair labour practices protects everyone including public sector employees, 4 and such right is given effect to by way of enactment of the LRA. The LRA serves to protect public sector employees except where the exclusion is specified. This treatise seeks to challenge the necessity and constitutionality of the deeming provisions on the basis of its contravention of the constitutional right to fair labour practices. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, Department of Mercantile law, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
The co-evolution of Africa’s eastern margin and its primate fauna: implications for hominin evolution
- Authors: Mambalu, Philasande
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59755 , vital:62418
- Description: I investigated potential links between the diversification of African primate lineages and the physical evolution of the continent. I compared published phylogenetic trees based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA for five clades: (a) Lorisoidea (galagos and pottos); (b) arboreal guenon monkeys (Cercopithecus and its allies); (c) living apes (including humans); (d) Papionini (baboons); and (e) savanna or “vervet” monkeys (Chlorocebus). I compared primate divergence dates with the ages of tectonic events, patterns of climatic change, and their palaeo-vegetational consequences. Based on present primate distributions, I estimated likely geographic locations of the divergence events. Finally, I compared the phylogenetic patterns of the primate clades with hominin evolutionary scenarios. Phylogenetic comparisons indicated three time periods when rates of speciation increased across the five primate clades: the Eocene – Oligocene transition (34 – 32 Ma); the mid-late Miocene (10 – 5 Ma); and the Pliocene – Pleistocene transition (2.7 – 2.3 Ma). Concentrated bursts of lineage splitting indicate a broadscale causal relationship between environmental change and lineage divergence. Human evolution followed similar biogeographic patterns to those of other primate clades. Tectonic events, climatic changes and palaeo-vegetational shifts are intimately connected, and have synergistic effects on biotic diversity. Tectonic events influence climatic change through their effects on oceanic circulation, planetary temperatures and rainfall patterns. Additionally, tectonic uplift and erosion may create geographic barriers to organismal dispersal across the continent, increasing the likelihood of geographic separation of populations and speciation. Recently evolved primate species show high levels of hybridisation for several generations after their initial divergence. Genus Homo generated ~10 species over 2.5 Ma. The emergence of these taxa likely involved substantial hybridisation, as demonstrated by the presence of Neanderthal genes within the H. sapiens genome. I suggest that this hybridisation contributed to the difficulties palaeoanthropologists often experience in distinguishing fossil hominin taxa. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Mambalu, Philasande
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59755 , vital:62418
- Description: I investigated potential links between the diversification of African primate lineages and the physical evolution of the continent. I compared published phylogenetic trees based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA for five clades: (a) Lorisoidea (galagos and pottos); (b) arboreal guenon monkeys (Cercopithecus and its allies); (c) living apes (including humans); (d) Papionini (baboons); and (e) savanna or “vervet” monkeys (Chlorocebus). I compared primate divergence dates with the ages of tectonic events, patterns of climatic change, and their palaeo-vegetational consequences. Based on present primate distributions, I estimated likely geographic locations of the divergence events. Finally, I compared the phylogenetic patterns of the primate clades with hominin evolutionary scenarios. Phylogenetic comparisons indicated three time periods when rates of speciation increased across the five primate clades: the Eocene – Oligocene transition (34 – 32 Ma); the mid-late Miocene (10 – 5 Ma); and the Pliocene – Pleistocene transition (2.7 – 2.3 Ma). Concentrated bursts of lineage splitting indicate a broadscale causal relationship between environmental change and lineage divergence. Human evolution followed similar biogeographic patterns to those of other primate clades. Tectonic events, climatic changes and palaeo-vegetational shifts are intimately connected, and have synergistic effects on biotic diversity. Tectonic events influence climatic change through their effects on oceanic circulation, planetary temperatures and rainfall patterns. Additionally, tectonic uplift and erosion may create geographic barriers to organismal dispersal across the continent, increasing the likelihood of geographic separation of populations and speciation. Recently evolved primate species show high levels of hybridisation for several generations after their initial divergence. Genus Homo generated ~10 species over 2.5 Ma. The emergence of these taxa likely involved substantial hybridisation, as demonstrated by the presence of Neanderthal genes within the H. sapiens genome. I suggest that this hybridisation contributed to the difficulties palaeoanthropologists often experience in distinguishing fossil hominin taxa. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
The development of a flow route to synthesize 3- benzyl-6-bromo-2-methoxyquinoline, an intermediate of an anti-TB drug, bedaquilin
- Authors: Mpalala, Anele
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis -- South Africa , Tuberculosis --Chemotherapy -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59864 , vital:62455
- Description: SA has a high number of reported cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Bedaquiline is a newly approved active ingredient of an anti-tuberculosis drug with high potency against MDR-TB. The limited access to this life-saving medicine to many people in the world has driven a great deal of research effort by the scientific community to find new, better and more practical approaches to this drug. However, many of the reported synthetic procedures suffer from long reaction times, which in turn require many hours of effort by the chemists conducting the reactions. This has prompted us to investigate an efficient process towards the synthesis to produce the key intermediates of bedaquiline using continuous flow technology. Additionally, since there is not much literature on continuous flow synthesis of bedaquiline, this research revealed interesting continuous flow processes towards the drug. Chapter 1: In order to provide insight, the first chapter of this dissertation presents a comprehensive background and literature review on tuberculosis; its pathogenesis, impact, medicines available for the treatment as well as the drug classes with novel mode of action and new chemical entities. Furthermore, bedaquiline is discussed in detail with the various synthetic protocols of the drug. An introduction to continuous flow chemistry is discussed, along with an outline of its advantages and disadvantages. Chapter 2: The second chapter encompasses the experimental procedures utilized for both batch and continuous flow syntheses. The three key intermediates of bedaquiline were synthesized in batch synthesis and these compounds were characterized using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. Subsequently, the continuous flow synthesis protocols for the preparations of these intermediates and their optimization are outlined. Chapter 3: The results are explained in this chapter with detailed discussions of the batch synthesis and the continuous flow optimization of each step within the scope of this research. The investigation started with the batch preparation of the primary intermediate, N-(4-bromophenyl)-3-phenylpropanamide via an amidation reaction between 3-phenylpropanoyl chloride and p-bromoaniline. The primary intermediate then undergoes a subsequent formylation and cyclization via a Vilsmeier–Haack reaction to yield 3-benzyl-6-bromo-2-chloroquinoline. The chloroquinoline ii intermediate undergoes a methoxylation reaction to form 3-benzyl-6-bromo-2- methoxyquinoline. Subsequently, the batch protocol was transferred into continuous flow systems, optimized by varying reaction parameters within the synthesis route to achieve the as much yield as possible. The optimization studies showed an improvement in conversions in the various steps with shorter reaction times. The first step was optimized in a 0.2ml microreactor and because of the enhanced safety of flow chemistry, this exothermic amidation reaction was optimised at elevated temperatures to afford the primary intermediate at a 100% conversion within a residence time of 5 seconds using DMF as a solvent with DIPEA as a base. Next, the Vilsmier-Haack cyclization and chlorination was optimised in flow to afford the 2-chloroquinoline intermediate. The ability to use a back pressure regulator allowed for investigation of the effect of high temperature on the reaction and the 2- chloroquinoline intermediate was obtained at 78% conversion in a residence time of 30 min at 150 ⁰C using acetonitrile as a solvent. Subsequently, the optimization of the third step in flow to afford the central core intermediate of bedaquiline, 3-benzyl-6-bromo-2-methoxyquinoline, achieved 100% conversion in DMSO/MeOH solvent system at a residence time of 5 min. The effect of temperature, molar equivalence and solvent on reaction conversions could be observed in these steps. The results obtained from this study clearly demonstrated the successful establishment of an efficient flow chemistry protocol that can be used to successfully synthesize all intermediates within the scope of this research. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Mpalala, Anele
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis -- South Africa , Tuberculosis --Chemotherapy -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59864 , vital:62455
- Description: SA has a high number of reported cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Bedaquiline is a newly approved active ingredient of an anti-tuberculosis drug with high potency against MDR-TB. The limited access to this life-saving medicine to many people in the world has driven a great deal of research effort by the scientific community to find new, better and more practical approaches to this drug. However, many of the reported synthetic procedures suffer from long reaction times, which in turn require many hours of effort by the chemists conducting the reactions. This has prompted us to investigate an efficient process towards the synthesis to produce the key intermediates of bedaquiline using continuous flow technology. Additionally, since there is not much literature on continuous flow synthesis of bedaquiline, this research revealed interesting continuous flow processes towards the drug. Chapter 1: In order to provide insight, the first chapter of this dissertation presents a comprehensive background and literature review on tuberculosis; its pathogenesis, impact, medicines available for the treatment as well as the drug classes with novel mode of action and new chemical entities. Furthermore, bedaquiline is discussed in detail with the various synthetic protocols of the drug. An introduction to continuous flow chemistry is discussed, along with an outline of its advantages and disadvantages. Chapter 2: The second chapter encompasses the experimental procedures utilized for both batch and continuous flow syntheses. The three key intermediates of bedaquiline were synthesized in batch synthesis and these compounds were characterized using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. Subsequently, the continuous flow synthesis protocols for the preparations of these intermediates and their optimization are outlined. Chapter 3: The results are explained in this chapter with detailed discussions of the batch synthesis and the continuous flow optimization of each step within the scope of this research. The investigation started with the batch preparation of the primary intermediate, N-(4-bromophenyl)-3-phenylpropanamide via an amidation reaction between 3-phenylpropanoyl chloride and p-bromoaniline. The primary intermediate then undergoes a subsequent formylation and cyclization via a Vilsmeier–Haack reaction to yield 3-benzyl-6-bromo-2-chloroquinoline. The chloroquinoline ii intermediate undergoes a methoxylation reaction to form 3-benzyl-6-bromo-2- methoxyquinoline. Subsequently, the batch protocol was transferred into continuous flow systems, optimized by varying reaction parameters within the synthesis route to achieve the as much yield as possible. The optimization studies showed an improvement in conversions in the various steps with shorter reaction times. The first step was optimized in a 0.2ml microreactor and because of the enhanced safety of flow chemistry, this exothermic amidation reaction was optimised at elevated temperatures to afford the primary intermediate at a 100% conversion within a residence time of 5 seconds using DMF as a solvent with DIPEA as a base. Next, the Vilsmier-Haack cyclization and chlorination was optimised in flow to afford the 2-chloroquinoline intermediate. The ability to use a back pressure regulator allowed for investigation of the effect of high temperature on the reaction and the 2- chloroquinoline intermediate was obtained at 78% conversion in a residence time of 30 min at 150 ⁰C using acetonitrile as a solvent. Subsequently, the optimization of the third step in flow to afford the central core intermediate of bedaquiline, 3-benzyl-6-bromo-2-methoxyquinoline, achieved 100% conversion in DMSO/MeOH solvent system at a residence time of 5 min. The effect of temperature, molar equivalence and solvent on reaction conversions could be observed in these steps. The results obtained from this study clearly demonstrated the successful establishment of an efficient flow chemistry protocol that can be used to successfully synthesize all intermediates within the scope of this research. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
The effect of limestone ammonium nitrate and chicken manure fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of two cabbage cultivators
- Authors: Nongogo Chumani
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Cabbage -- South Africa , Field crops -- Nutrition -- South Africa , fertilizers
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59922 , vital:62695
- Description: Cabbage is a well-known and popular crop in South Africa. As a highly nutritious leafy green vegetable, it is produced and sold to a variety of markets, from formal markets to hawkers, for human consumption and as animal feed. The cabbage crop contributes positively to food security, health, and households’ financial wellbeing. As a crop, cabbage is known to be a heavy feeder due to its high nutritional requirements (in terms of fertiliser) particularly nitrogen. This high requirement can be supplied by either synthetic or by organic fertilisers in the form of animal manures. However, fertiliser has proven to be a challenge due to its high costs, as its prices increase rapidly each year. The current study aimed to determine the most effective fertilisation method for the growth, quality, and yield of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata). Two fertiliser types (chicken manure and limestone ammonium nitrate) were applied, and the treatments were repeated five times over two planting sessions on two cultivars, Grandslam and Empowa, at concentrations of 0%, 100% and 150%. A control for each treatment / cultivar was also grown. The parameters plant height, head diameter, pests and disease development, quality and dry mass were measured to determine the effect on growth, yield, and quality of the cabbage crop. From each planting, a total of 60 cabbages served as specimens for data collection purposes. The research trial was conducted in open field and laid out in a split-plot block method. The cultivar was allocated to the main plot, while the fertiliser treatments served as the sub-plots. The study was carried out for a period of six months, which allowed for data collection to be done in two different growing conditions. Planting was done manually by hand in planting bags, and washed river sand was used as a substrate (growing medium). The data collected during the experiment was analysed by means of statistical data analysis software STATISTICA and the methods applied were a three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The analysis of variance was performed at a significance level of p as a means to determine a correlation of relationships for all set parameters (variables) for both cultivars, treatments and plantings. The results of the study showed that the two fertiliser types, namely limestone ammonium nitrate (LAN) and chicken manure, both had a significant effect (p on plant height, head diameter, dry mass. Also, the pest and disease development and quality of cabbage were significantly influenced by the fertiliser types and season (climate). The interactive effect of cultivar and fertiliser was statistically significant. Empowa showed better results on chicken manure compared to LAN. In the case of Grandslam, however, no significant fertiliser effect was observed. The study also showed that fertilisation with a fertiliser that contains high nitrogen (N) content promotes pest and disease incidence. Increasing N application rate resulted into an increase of pest and disease incidence. The change of season, which promotes different growth conditions (in terms of temperature, water requirements, pests, and diseases) for the plants was found to have had an influence on the study results. Lasty, it was observed that chicken manure fertiliser yields a cabbage with a good internal and external quality compared to limestone ammonium nitrate fertiliser. Lastly, when considering all treatment rates applied, the recommended quantity of 100% (in both chicken manure and LAN) yielded favorable results. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Nongogo Chumani
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Cabbage -- South Africa , Field crops -- Nutrition -- South Africa , fertilizers
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59922 , vital:62695
- Description: Cabbage is a well-known and popular crop in South Africa. As a highly nutritious leafy green vegetable, it is produced and sold to a variety of markets, from formal markets to hawkers, for human consumption and as animal feed. The cabbage crop contributes positively to food security, health, and households’ financial wellbeing. As a crop, cabbage is known to be a heavy feeder due to its high nutritional requirements (in terms of fertiliser) particularly nitrogen. This high requirement can be supplied by either synthetic or by organic fertilisers in the form of animal manures. However, fertiliser has proven to be a challenge due to its high costs, as its prices increase rapidly each year. The current study aimed to determine the most effective fertilisation method for the growth, quality, and yield of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata). Two fertiliser types (chicken manure and limestone ammonium nitrate) were applied, and the treatments were repeated five times over two planting sessions on two cultivars, Grandslam and Empowa, at concentrations of 0%, 100% and 150%. A control for each treatment / cultivar was also grown. The parameters plant height, head diameter, pests and disease development, quality and dry mass were measured to determine the effect on growth, yield, and quality of the cabbage crop. From each planting, a total of 60 cabbages served as specimens for data collection purposes. The research trial was conducted in open field and laid out in a split-plot block method. The cultivar was allocated to the main plot, while the fertiliser treatments served as the sub-plots. The study was carried out for a period of six months, which allowed for data collection to be done in two different growing conditions. Planting was done manually by hand in planting bags, and washed river sand was used as a substrate (growing medium). The data collected during the experiment was analysed by means of statistical data analysis software STATISTICA and the methods applied were a three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The analysis of variance was performed at a significance level of p as a means to determine a correlation of relationships for all set parameters (variables) for both cultivars, treatments and plantings. The results of the study showed that the two fertiliser types, namely limestone ammonium nitrate (LAN) and chicken manure, both had a significant effect (p on plant height, head diameter, dry mass. Also, the pest and disease development and quality of cabbage were significantly influenced by the fertiliser types and season (climate). The interactive effect of cultivar and fertiliser was statistically significant. Empowa showed better results on chicken manure compared to LAN. In the case of Grandslam, however, no significant fertiliser effect was observed. The study also showed that fertilisation with a fertiliser that contains high nitrogen (N) content promotes pest and disease incidence. Increasing N application rate resulted into an increase of pest and disease incidence. The change of season, which promotes different growth conditions (in terms of temperature, water requirements, pests, and diseases) for the plants was found to have had an influence on the study results. Lasty, it was observed that chicken manure fertiliser yields a cabbage with a good internal and external quality compared to limestone ammonium nitrate fertiliser. Lastly, when considering all treatment rates applied, the recommended quantity of 100% (in both chicken manure and LAN) yielded favorable results. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
The extension of collective agreements to non- parties for dismissal for operational requirements
- Authors: Lupondwana, Masiza Howard
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Labor laws and legislation--South Africa , Unfair labor practices
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59724 , vital:62387
- Description: Section 23 (1) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa1 states that “Everyone has the right to fair labour practice. (2) Every worker has the right to – (a) to form and join a trade union; (b) to participate in the activities and programmes of a trade union; and (c) to strike’’. The Labour Relations Act 2 (the LRA) was enacted to give effect to section 23 of the Constitution, to regulate the organizational rights of trade union, to promote and facilitate collective bargaining at the workplace and at sectoral level. Its purpose is to advance the economic development, social justice, labour peace and democratization of the workplace by fulfilling the primary objectives of this Act. Firstly, this study seeks to critically examine the extension of collective agreements and effect of section 23(1) (d) in both small- and large-scale retrenchments (s189 & 189 A). A right to fair dismissal is a guaranteed employment right as outlined in section 185 of the LRA. Danielle Venn writes that “legislation is not the only source of employment, labour law clearly set a minimum standard while collective agreements or individual contracts can include provisions more generous to employees than those in legislation.3 This indicates that collective agreements are mechanisms aimed at creating conducive working conditions of employment between the employer and employee in the workplace. By ensuring that resolutions aimed at promoting general welfare of employees are implemented, regulating and enhancement of employee benefits, and other matters of mutual interest are expressed in the agreement. Individual employment law has express terms which clearly state that an employment contract may incorporate the employer’s disciplinary code of conduct. This mostly include procedure to be followed during termination of service or dismissal. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, Department of Mercantile law, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Lupondwana, Masiza Howard
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Labor laws and legislation--South Africa , Unfair labor practices
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59724 , vital:62387
- Description: Section 23 (1) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa1 states that “Everyone has the right to fair labour practice. (2) Every worker has the right to – (a) to form and join a trade union; (b) to participate in the activities and programmes of a trade union; and (c) to strike’’. The Labour Relations Act 2 (the LRA) was enacted to give effect to section 23 of the Constitution, to regulate the organizational rights of trade union, to promote and facilitate collective bargaining at the workplace and at sectoral level. Its purpose is to advance the economic development, social justice, labour peace and democratization of the workplace by fulfilling the primary objectives of this Act. Firstly, this study seeks to critically examine the extension of collective agreements and effect of section 23(1) (d) in both small- and large-scale retrenchments (s189 & 189 A). A right to fair dismissal is a guaranteed employment right as outlined in section 185 of the LRA. Danielle Venn writes that “legislation is not the only source of employment, labour law clearly set a minimum standard while collective agreements or individual contracts can include provisions more generous to employees than those in legislation.3 This indicates that collective agreements are mechanisms aimed at creating conducive working conditions of employment between the employer and employee in the workplace. By ensuring that resolutions aimed at promoting general welfare of employees are implemented, regulating and enhancement of employee benefits, and other matters of mutual interest are expressed in the agreement. Individual employment law has express terms which clearly state that an employment contract may incorporate the employer’s disciplinary code of conduct. This mostly include procedure to be followed during termination of service or dismissal. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, Department of Mercantile law, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
The gender rubik’s cube: ethnographic conversations with gay men in Port Elizabeth within the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality
- Authors: Pillay, Ryan
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Masculinity --Port Elizabeth -- Nelson Mandela Bay , Homosexuality --Political aspects -- Port Elizabeth , Sex differences (Psychology)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59413 , vital:62085
- Description: Today, a number of disciplines across the social sciences have begun to pay attention to gender; however, gender studies suggest a degree of empowerment for feminist knowledge and not enough recognition that men, too, are gendered beings. As the gender spectrum acknowledges inclusions across options of the gendered form, a greater understanding of gender experiences is required to assist in the development of solutions and systemic changes in society. The study uses qualitative research methods such as one on one interviews to open conversations with self- identified gay men, leading to a deeper understanding of masculinities and what it means to be a man within contemporary society. The proposition made in this study on the notions of men and masculinities is that they can be seen as a gender puzzle, or a gendered Rubik’s Cube, which when considered in this way contribute towards a better understanding of humanity. A Rubik’s Cube approach could facilitate the proposed changes of a deeper analysis of men and masculinities. This study fundamentally explores the lived experiences of the participants and how these experiences come alive in relation to masculinities in contemporary society and offers recommendations to facility positive change, such as about the understanding, the role, the process, and the purpose of ‘coming out’ as a gendered form of both expression and self-identity. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Governmental and Social Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Pillay, Ryan
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Masculinity --Port Elizabeth -- Nelson Mandela Bay , Homosexuality --Political aspects -- Port Elizabeth , Sex differences (Psychology)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59413 , vital:62085
- Description: Today, a number of disciplines across the social sciences have begun to pay attention to gender; however, gender studies suggest a degree of empowerment for feminist knowledge and not enough recognition that men, too, are gendered beings. As the gender spectrum acknowledges inclusions across options of the gendered form, a greater understanding of gender experiences is required to assist in the development of solutions and systemic changes in society. The study uses qualitative research methods such as one on one interviews to open conversations with self- identified gay men, leading to a deeper understanding of masculinities and what it means to be a man within contemporary society. The proposition made in this study on the notions of men and masculinities is that they can be seen as a gender puzzle, or a gendered Rubik’s Cube, which when considered in this way contribute towards a better understanding of humanity. A Rubik’s Cube approach could facilitate the proposed changes of a deeper analysis of men and masculinities. This study fundamentally explores the lived experiences of the participants and how these experiences come alive in relation to masculinities in contemporary society and offers recommendations to facility positive change, such as about the understanding, the role, the process, and the purpose of ‘coming out’ as a gendered form of both expression and self-identity. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Governmental and Social Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
The principle of fairness in South African criminal trials
- Authors: Ndude, Tembinkosi
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Criminal law , Criminal law -- cases , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60090 , vital:62984
- Description: The purpose of this research is to determine the presence of the principle of fairness during criminal trials in South Africa. In determining the presence of the principle, this research will provide a short background on both the historical pre-constitution situation on the principle of fairness and the present situation on how courts in South Africa conduct themselves in the adjudication of criminal cases in ensuring fair criminal trials. The historical background partially highlights certain provisions of the Criminal Procedure Act in curtailing both the application of due processes and entrenchment of fairness during criminal trials. The arguments on the principle of fairness during criminal trials are discussed in tandem with the principle of the rule of law in the determination of the resolve our justice system has, and the use of designated legal instruments to assert the principle of fairness, for example, section 35(3) of the Constitution and the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977(herein referred "the Act") including the determination of the level of judicial interference, independence, and impartiality. The challenges of unfair trials are also explained against the concept of ubuntu which is a foundational element of fairness expressed and interpreted as such by the indigenous people living in South Africa. In the Port Elizabeth Municipality v Various Occupiers, the court describes the concept of ubuntu as part of a deep cultural heritage central to fairness and fair treatment of humans. The principle of fairness in our criminal trials is a transformative element shaped by our historical background. This is evident in S v Zuma which refers to section 25 of the Interim Constitution. The transformative element shaping principle of fairness is discussed in conjunction with section 35(3) of the new Constitution and case law. This research also notes the adversarial element of our criminal trials having considered some of the evidentiary burdens, for example, the onus of proof, rebuttal of evidence, proof beyond reasonable doubt, reverse onus, circumstantial evidence, presumption, and the adverse inference. However, these evidentiary burdens are addressed by section 35(3) of the Constitution and case law, for example the right to remain silent, the right to be presumed innocent, the right not to be compelled to give self-incriminating evidence, to be informed of the charge with sufficient detail to answer it, to choose, and be represented by a legal practitioner and to be informed of this right promptly. This work views the principle of fairness as a mechanism focussing on relegating unjustness and the ill treatment of accused persons during criminal trials to the dustbin of history. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, Department Criminal and Procedural Law, 2022
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Ndude, Tembinkosi
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Criminal law , Criminal law -- cases , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60090 , vital:62984
- Description: The purpose of this research is to determine the presence of the principle of fairness during criminal trials in South Africa. In determining the presence of the principle, this research will provide a short background on both the historical pre-constitution situation on the principle of fairness and the present situation on how courts in South Africa conduct themselves in the adjudication of criminal cases in ensuring fair criminal trials. The historical background partially highlights certain provisions of the Criminal Procedure Act in curtailing both the application of due processes and entrenchment of fairness during criminal trials. The arguments on the principle of fairness during criminal trials are discussed in tandem with the principle of the rule of law in the determination of the resolve our justice system has, and the use of designated legal instruments to assert the principle of fairness, for example, section 35(3) of the Constitution and the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977(herein referred "the Act") including the determination of the level of judicial interference, independence, and impartiality. The challenges of unfair trials are also explained against the concept of ubuntu which is a foundational element of fairness expressed and interpreted as such by the indigenous people living in South Africa. In the Port Elizabeth Municipality v Various Occupiers, the court describes the concept of ubuntu as part of a deep cultural heritage central to fairness and fair treatment of humans. The principle of fairness in our criminal trials is a transformative element shaped by our historical background. This is evident in S v Zuma which refers to section 25 of the Interim Constitution. The transformative element shaping principle of fairness is discussed in conjunction with section 35(3) of the new Constitution and case law. This research also notes the adversarial element of our criminal trials having considered some of the evidentiary burdens, for example, the onus of proof, rebuttal of evidence, proof beyond reasonable doubt, reverse onus, circumstantial evidence, presumption, and the adverse inference. However, these evidentiary burdens are addressed by section 35(3) of the Constitution and case law, for example the right to remain silent, the right to be presumed innocent, the right not to be compelled to give self-incriminating evidence, to be informed of the charge with sufficient detail to answer it, to choose, and be represented by a legal practitioner and to be informed of this right promptly. This work views the principle of fairness as a mechanism focussing on relegating unjustness and the ill treatment of accused persons during criminal trials to the dustbin of history. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, Department Criminal and Procedural Law, 2022
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2022-12
The protection and promotion of the rights of journalists in Tanzania.
- Authors: Nnko, Ruth Anaeli
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: freedom of speech , Journalism , Human rights
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60100 , vital:63095
- Description: The ability to freely acquire, search for, disseminate, and express opinions and ideas is foundational in a democratic society. When a state effectively safeguards the right to freedom of expression of all citizens, this has a rollover effect on other fundamental human rights. Freedom of expression often operates in tandem with the right to information, equality and human dignity. To this effect, freedom of expression has been recognized as a fundamental human right in various international, regional and sub-regional instruments. The scope and limitations of the right to freedom of expression has, over the years, been developed through regional and sub-regional cases. These cases have noted that, on the one hand, freedom of expression goes beyond a mere aspiration of states. State Parties to human rights’ instruments are bound by an obligation to give effect to this right. On the other hand, however, freedom of expression is not absolute and can be limited where such limitation is necessary, lawful, and proportional. Within the United Republic of Tanzania, techniques have been adopted to limit the right to freedom of expression of journalists. These range from the use of national laws to fines, suspensions, and imprisoning of journalists, to extrajudicial acts such as enforced disappearances in more extreme cases. Although, these techniques are not unique to the United Republic of Tanzania as the same ill treatment of journalists’ practices can be found in other countries. This study evaluates whether the legal framework, as well as the actions of the United Republic of Tanzania, in effect, protect and promote the right to freedom of expression specifically the rights of journalists. This study is divided in five chapters which aim to provide an in-depth coverage of the human rights systems in operation that are apply to journalists in Tanzania. The study also considers limitations in the regional, subregional and national legal frameworks and concludes with recommendations that could be adopted to ensure compliance with sub-regional, regional and international standards. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty Law, Criminal and Procedural Law, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Nnko, Ruth Anaeli
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: freedom of speech , Journalism , Human rights
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60100 , vital:63095
- Description: The ability to freely acquire, search for, disseminate, and express opinions and ideas is foundational in a democratic society. When a state effectively safeguards the right to freedom of expression of all citizens, this has a rollover effect on other fundamental human rights. Freedom of expression often operates in tandem with the right to information, equality and human dignity. To this effect, freedom of expression has been recognized as a fundamental human right in various international, regional and sub-regional instruments. The scope and limitations of the right to freedom of expression has, over the years, been developed through regional and sub-regional cases. These cases have noted that, on the one hand, freedom of expression goes beyond a mere aspiration of states. State Parties to human rights’ instruments are bound by an obligation to give effect to this right. On the other hand, however, freedom of expression is not absolute and can be limited where such limitation is necessary, lawful, and proportional. Within the United Republic of Tanzania, techniques have been adopted to limit the right to freedom of expression of journalists. These range from the use of national laws to fines, suspensions, and imprisoning of journalists, to extrajudicial acts such as enforced disappearances in more extreme cases. Although, these techniques are not unique to the United Republic of Tanzania as the same ill treatment of journalists’ practices can be found in other countries. This study evaluates whether the legal framework, as well as the actions of the United Republic of Tanzania, in effect, protect and promote the right to freedom of expression specifically the rights of journalists. This study is divided in five chapters which aim to provide an in-depth coverage of the human rights systems in operation that are apply to journalists in Tanzania. The study also considers limitations in the regional, subregional and national legal frameworks and concludes with recommendations that could be adopted to ensure compliance with sub-regional, regional and international standards. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty Law, Criminal and Procedural Law, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
Towards a sustainable food management system: Exploring indigenous food practices of sorghum grain in the Moshana village, Northwest, South Africa
- Authors: Nkgothoe,Julius Batlhalifi
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Food security -- Moshana village-- South Africa , Sustainable development-- South Africa -- North West , Sorghum --Composition
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59271 , vital:61803
- Description: This research study explores indigenous sorghum food management practices as a pathway towards sustainable food systems. The level of hunger is ever-increasing, and so is the global population. Regions less industrialized and developed suffer the most as they host growing populations and most of the worlds undernourished. Further intensified in this problem are a culling and unforgiving food systems run by a few conglomerates and a knowledge system driven by a histography of ‘othering’ even in its knowledge creation process. Although there exist institutions such as the United Nations Food and Agricultural programs, these remain relegated to policy and intergovernmental level, in the process, not being mindful of the real food issues faced at the grassroots level. This research study centralizes indigenous food practices to make sense of how rural and indigenous livelihoods such as those located in the Moshana village thrive and survive in a monopolized and urban-centred food climate like South Africa. By interviewing 12 participants, living, and taking part in the Moshana village food systems and employing stringent face-to-face semi-structured interviews, we present an indigenous food system as experienced and shared by Moshana Village Community members. The findings present an array of indigenous and food management practices, perspectives through an African ecological philosophical view. Conceptually inspired by the works of Vandana Shiva and many global south thinkers on seeds, grains and sustainable indigenous food systems, this study hopes to reinsert back the centrality of food in the growing field of African Sociology. The findings clearly show that elderly women are preserving the Sorghum knowledge and preservation processes. These practices have assisted the Moshana Village community members to cope with food shortages and lockdown restrictions during the strict COVID-19 lockdown in South Africa. The study concludes with clear need for the archiving and intergenerational communication of food management within the rural communities. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Governmental and Social Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Nkgothoe,Julius Batlhalifi
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Food security -- Moshana village-- South Africa , Sustainable development-- South Africa -- North West , Sorghum --Composition
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59271 , vital:61803
- Description: This research study explores indigenous sorghum food management practices as a pathway towards sustainable food systems. The level of hunger is ever-increasing, and so is the global population. Regions less industrialized and developed suffer the most as they host growing populations and most of the worlds undernourished. Further intensified in this problem are a culling and unforgiving food systems run by a few conglomerates and a knowledge system driven by a histography of ‘othering’ even in its knowledge creation process. Although there exist institutions such as the United Nations Food and Agricultural programs, these remain relegated to policy and intergovernmental level, in the process, not being mindful of the real food issues faced at the grassroots level. This research study centralizes indigenous food practices to make sense of how rural and indigenous livelihoods such as those located in the Moshana village thrive and survive in a monopolized and urban-centred food climate like South Africa. By interviewing 12 participants, living, and taking part in the Moshana village food systems and employing stringent face-to-face semi-structured interviews, we present an indigenous food system as experienced and shared by Moshana Village Community members. The findings present an array of indigenous and food management practices, perspectives through an African ecological philosophical view. Conceptually inspired by the works of Vandana Shiva and many global south thinkers on seeds, grains and sustainable indigenous food systems, this study hopes to reinsert back the centrality of food in the growing field of African Sociology. The findings clearly show that elderly women are preserving the Sorghum knowledge and preservation processes. These practices have assisted the Moshana Village community members to cope with food shortages and lockdown restrictions during the strict COVID-19 lockdown in South Africa. The study concludes with clear need for the archiving and intergenerational communication of food management within the rural communities. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Governmental and Social Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
Uncwadi lwemveli njengovimba wokukhulisa ulwimi lwesiXhosa
- Hela -Gxanyana, Honjiswa Erica
- Authors: Hela -Gxanyana, Honjiswa Erica
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Xhosa literature -- Research Folk literature, Xhosa , Semiotics
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59304 , vital:62029
- Description: Umphandi kolu phando uza kugxila ekuphononongeni imiba yolwimi evela kuncwadi lwemveli lwesiXhosa nengqina ukuba olu ncwadi lunguvimba wokukhulisa ulwimi. Uncwadi lwemveli ke luquka iintsomi, iimbali, izibongo, iingoma, izaci namaqhalo, amaqhina, intlalo yakwaNtu ebandakanya iintetho, izifungo, iintsikelelo, iziqhulo, imizobo, izixhobo ezisetyenziswayo nako konke okungqonge intlalo. Apha kolu phando umphandi uza kuqwalasela iintsomi, iimbali, iziqhulo, izaci, amaqhalo nezentlalo yamaXhosa njengovimba wokukhulisa ulwimi lwesiXhosa. Olu ncwadi lunguvimba nomthombo apho amaXhosa angaziphakulela ezidaphela kulwimi oluteketeke kuba xa siqwalasela isixhobo sothiyomagama ezintsomini (onomastics), izibhebhelele zamagama ambaxa akunika umfanekiso ntelekelelo ocace gca wento okanye umntu ekuthethwa ngaye ungakungqina oku. Olu ncwadi lwemveli lwesiXhosa luzibalula ngokwandisa iintetho eziveza iintsingiselo ezahlukileyo zisandisa zikhulisa olu lwimi kude kuyokuthi ga ngokusungulwa kwentethwana ezizizithethantonye ngaloo ndlela lukhule ulwimi lwesiXhosa. Umphandi kolu phando uza kugqoloda kolu ncwadi lwemveli eluveza njengovimba, isisele sokudimbaza ulwimi lwesiXhosa , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of language and Communications, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Hela -Gxanyana, Honjiswa Erica
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Xhosa literature -- Research Folk literature, Xhosa , Semiotics
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59304 , vital:62029
- Description: Umphandi kolu phando uza kugxila ekuphononongeni imiba yolwimi evela kuncwadi lwemveli lwesiXhosa nengqina ukuba olu ncwadi lunguvimba wokukhulisa ulwimi. Uncwadi lwemveli ke luquka iintsomi, iimbali, izibongo, iingoma, izaci namaqhalo, amaqhina, intlalo yakwaNtu ebandakanya iintetho, izifungo, iintsikelelo, iziqhulo, imizobo, izixhobo ezisetyenziswayo nako konke okungqonge intlalo. Apha kolu phando umphandi uza kuqwalasela iintsomi, iimbali, iziqhulo, izaci, amaqhalo nezentlalo yamaXhosa njengovimba wokukhulisa ulwimi lwesiXhosa. Olu ncwadi lunguvimba nomthombo apho amaXhosa angaziphakulela ezidaphela kulwimi oluteketeke kuba xa siqwalasela isixhobo sothiyomagama ezintsomini (onomastics), izibhebhelele zamagama ambaxa akunika umfanekiso ntelekelelo ocace gca wento okanye umntu ekuthethwa ngaye ungakungqina oku. Olu ncwadi lwemveli lwesiXhosa luzibalula ngokwandisa iintetho eziveza iintsingiselo ezahlukileyo zisandisa zikhulisa olu lwimi kude kuyokuthi ga ngokusungulwa kwentethwana ezizizithethantonye ngaloo ndlela lukhule ulwimi lwesiXhosa. Umphandi kolu phando uza kugqoloda kolu ncwadi lwemveli eluveza njengovimba, isisele sokudimbaza ulwimi lwesiXhosa , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of language and Communications, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
Uptake and storage of nutrients by primary producers in the Swartkops Estuary
- Authors: Whitfield, Emily Cailyn
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Estuarine ecology --South Africa --Swartkops River Estuary , Eutrophication—Research
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59611 , vital:62195
- Description: Estuaries occur at the interface between the terrestrial and marine environment and as such act as the last ‘filtering’ mechanism prior to nutrient pollution entering the adjacent ocean. This study focused on the Swartkops Estuary which is eutrophic and requires the removal of nutrients. The role of phytoplankton as nutrient filters and storage of nutrients by seagrass and salt marsh was investigated. This study found that phytoplankton temporarily took up a large percentage of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (max. 99%) and dissolved silica (max. 76%) and limited amounts of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (max. 18%). The amount of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus stored by the salt marsh species Spartina maritima and Salicornia tegetaria and the seagrass species Zostera capensis were determined. It was found that the salt marsh grass Spartina maritima stored the most nutrients (149.61 ± 16.59 N g m-2 ; 105.44 ± 13.41 P g m-2 ; 1690.52 ± 168.90 C g m-2 ), while for the salt marsh succulent Salicornia tegetaria less nutrients were stored (27.01 ± 4.17 N g m-2 ; 22.97 ± 3.21 P g m-2 ; 458.66 ± 69.43 C g m-2 ). Zostera capensis also acted as a nutrient store (22.17 ± 6.94 N g m-2 ; 23.75 ± 4.70 P g m-2 ; 221.10 ± 26.74 C g m-2 ). The macrophytes were able to store nutrients for longer periods and thus prevent these nutrients from being exported into the adjacent ocean. On the contrary, phytoplankton uptake was temporary as the nutrients are released once the bloom decays. Without intervention there will be an increase of harmful algal blooms (HABs) and fish kills in the eutrophic Swartkops Estuary. Nutrient input from upstream wastewater treatment works, canals and stormwater run-off must be reduced. Conservation and management of the seagrass and salt marsh habitats is needed to ensure the long-term storage of nutrients , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Whitfield, Emily Cailyn
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Estuarine ecology --South Africa --Swartkops River Estuary , Eutrophication—Research
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59611 , vital:62195
- Description: Estuaries occur at the interface between the terrestrial and marine environment and as such act as the last ‘filtering’ mechanism prior to nutrient pollution entering the adjacent ocean. This study focused on the Swartkops Estuary which is eutrophic and requires the removal of nutrients. The role of phytoplankton as nutrient filters and storage of nutrients by seagrass and salt marsh was investigated. This study found that phytoplankton temporarily took up a large percentage of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (max. 99%) and dissolved silica (max. 76%) and limited amounts of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (max. 18%). The amount of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus stored by the salt marsh species Spartina maritima and Salicornia tegetaria and the seagrass species Zostera capensis were determined. It was found that the salt marsh grass Spartina maritima stored the most nutrients (149.61 ± 16.59 N g m-2 ; 105.44 ± 13.41 P g m-2 ; 1690.52 ± 168.90 C g m-2 ), while for the salt marsh succulent Salicornia tegetaria less nutrients were stored (27.01 ± 4.17 N g m-2 ; 22.97 ± 3.21 P g m-2 ; 458.66 ± 69.43 C g m-2 ). Zostera capensis also acted as a nutrient store (22.17 ± 6.94 N g m-2 ; 23.75 ± 4.70 P g m-2 ; 221.10 ± 26.74 C g m-2 ). The macrophytes were able to store nutrients for longer periods and thus prevent these nutrients from being exported into the adjacent ocean. On the contrary, phytoplankton uptake was temporary as the nutrients are released once the bloom decays. Without intervention there will be an increase of harmful algal blooms (HABs) and fish kills in the eutrophic Swartkops Estuary. Nutrient input from upstream wastewater treatment works, canals and stormwater run-off must be reduced. Conservation and management of the seagrass and salt marsh habitats is needed to ensure the long-term storage of nutrients , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
Urban space production and sustainable development: a case of waterfall city in Gauteng, South Africa
- Authors: Ntakana, Khulekani
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Sustainable urban development -- Gauteng -- South Africa , Gated Communities -- Gauteng -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59633 , vital:62250
- Description: The year 1994 marked the dawn of the new, democratic South Africa. It also brought its own sets of challenges to the country. One such challenge was urban space. Regrettably, the new dispensation inherited still very much race-based urban areas. Urban space is understood to be a social outcome, the result of an historical process, an unequal accumulation of time, a presupposition, and a milieu of social production (Balbim, 2016). The distinguishing feature of urban space in South Africa is the phenomenon of exclusion, which causes deformity, and disappearance of urban structure. Exclusion has become a permanent visual reality in cities in which walled and gated communities divide the urban tissue and take up a large part of the urban space. The social action and struggle against the exclusionary process of globalisation such as the commodification and privatisation of urban space have always been on the international urban agenda. The study’s literature review suggests that government attitudes towards human settlements should change, particularly in terms of policymaking to combat the contemporary urban disparities such as fragmentation (also known as “enclave urbanism”). Fragmented cities do not function as a system but more and more as juxtaposed and uncoordinated fragments drifting apart (Bénit-Gbaffou, 2008). This has an immense impact on several sustainability influencing variables. Urban fragmentation can also have profound effects on human social dynamics and well-being by reducing the number of green spaces in cities. As loss of biodiversity continues, total core area and habitat cohesion decrease while edge density and shape complexity increase. Cities are required to be more sustainable, more accessible, and equal. Cities are now witnessing the emergence of real estate products that are far from achieving the previously mentioned goals, particularly inclusivity. Inclusivity in cities can be achieved by a contemporary urban development approach referred to as ‘inclusive urban space production’. Inclusive urban space production is a pro-poor approach that equally values and incorporates the contributions of all city stakeholders in addressing development issues, including the marginalised groups. The aim of this inquiry was, therefore, to examine factors that influence urban space production to generate a responsive urban space production model, referred to in this study as the “IUSP model”. The study also aimed at examining the role of the state and xx other stakeholders involved in the production of urban space, including the private sector and the community. Participation by all of them is essential to enhance inclusive urban space production for sustainability. A theoretical model for inclusive urban space production was developed based on an intensive literature review. Also, a concurrent partially mixed method design was employed in this inquiry. A study of Waterfall City was conducted to understand exclusive developments and their effect on the larger urban system. And a survey questionnaire was disseminated using random sampling. This was to measure the postulated model. Results from these two concurrent approaches were merged to yield the final model. The findings from the case study were analysed using ATLAS.ti and the findings from the survey questionnaire were analysed using several analyses techniques including EFA, correlation and regression. Both sets of results indicated that the intention to promote inclusive developments is predicted by seventeen dependent variables categorically presented under urban development characteristics, exclusive development enablers, inclusive development barriers, and sustainability criteria. The results of this inquiry are significant because they bring together the interdisciplinary perspectives to discern comprehensively the idea of inclusivity and sustainability in urban space production. The responsive model developed as a key product of this study aims to assist policymakers, planners, designers, landscapers, and developers as a guideline for facilitating inclusive and sustainable urban development. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment, and Technology, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Ntakana, Khulekani
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Sustainable urban development -- Gauteng -- South Africa , Gated Communities -- Gauteng -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59633 , vital:62250
- Description: The year 1994 marked the dawn of the new, democratic South Africa. It also brought its own sets of challenges to the country. One such challenge was urban space. Regrettably, the new dispensation inherited still very much race-based urban areas. Urban space is understood to be a social outcome, the result of an historical process, an unequal accumulation of time, a presupposition, and a milieu of social production (Balbim, 2016). The distinguishing feature of urban space in South Africa is the phenomenon of exclusion, which causes deformity, and disappearance of urban structure. Exclusion has become a permanent visual reality in cities in which walled and gated communities divide the urban tissue and take up a large part of the urban space. The social action and struggle against the exclusionary process of globalisation such as the commodification and privatisation of urban space have always been on the international urban agenda. The study’s literature review suggests that government attitudes towards human settlements should change, particularly in terms of policymaking to combat the contemporary urban disparities such as fragmentation (also known as “enclave urbanism”). Fragmented cities do not function as a system but more and more as juxtaposed and uncoordinated fragments drifting apart (Bénit-Gbaffou, 2008). This has an immense impact on several sustainability influencing variables. Urban fragmentation can also have profound effects on human social dynamics and well-being by reducing the number of green spaces in cities. As loss of biodiversity continues, total core area and habitat cohesion decrease while edge density and shape complexity increase. Cities are required to be more sustainable, more accessible, and equal. Cities are now witnessing the emergence of real estate products that are far from achieving the previously mentioned goals, particularly inclusivity. Inclusivity in cities can be achieved by a contemporary urban development approach referred to as ‘inclusive urban space production’. Inclusive urban space production is a pro-poor approach that equally values and incorporates the contributions of all city stakeholders in addressing development issues, including the marginalised groups. The aim of this inquiry was, therefore, to examine factors that influence urban space production to generate a responsive urban space production model, referred to in this study as the “IUSP model”. The study also aimed at examining the role of the state and xx other stakeholders involved in the production of urban space, including the private sector and the community. Participation by all of them is essential to enhance inclusive urban space production for sustainability. A theoretical model for inclusive urban space production was developed based on an intensive literature review. Also, a concurrent partially mixed method design was employed in this inquiry. A study of Waterfall City was conducted to understand exclusive developments and their effect on the larger urban system. And a survey questionnaire was disseminated using random sampling. This was to measure the postulated model. Results from these two concurrent approaches were merged to yield the final model. The findings from the case study were analysed using ATLAS.ti and the findings from the survey questionnaire were analysed using several analyses techniques including EFA, correlation and regression. Both sets of results indicated that the intention to promote inclusive developments is predicted by seventeen dependent variables categorically presented under urban development characteristics, exclusive development enablers, inclusive development barriers, and sustainability criteria. The results of this inquiry are significant because they bring together the interdisciplinary perspectives to discern comprehensively the idea of inclusivity and sustainability in urban space production. The responsive model developed as a key product of this study aims to assist policymakers, planners, designers, landscapers, and developers as a guideline for facilitating inclusive and sustainable urban development. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment, and Technology, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
Using spatial explicit capture-recapture model to investigate the demography and spatial dynamics of lion prides in Pilanesberg National Park
- Authors: Bettings, Isabella Aletta
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Lions--Behavior--South Africa , Animals tracks -- Pilanesberg National Park -- North West
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59655 , vital:62318
- Description: Lions are apex predators that play a vital role in the ecosystem. They regulate prey species through predation and other non-consumptive means. Factors that have influenced the decline of lion populations across Africa in the last half century, are loss of habitat, human wildlife conflict and the depletion of prey species. Extensive reintroductions of lions have been conducted across South Africa in order to restore their numbers in protected areas. The Pilanesberg National Park (PNP) was one of many protected areas that reintroduced lions. Their numbers were well documented by management until 2005 where they lost track of the population numbers. During this unfortunate period, there was an observed decline in prey numbers. The aim of this dissertation was to estimate the abundance, movement, and sex ratio of lions, in PNP. Abundance, movement, and sex ratio were determined by a three-month intensive lion survey. The location of each lion encounter was recorded on a mobile device which had an application installed called Cybertracker (v3). Photographs were taken of each Lion to build identification kits. For the data analysis, I used the Bayesian spatial explicit capture-recapture (SECR) model. This model takes time, space, and the robustness of an individual lion into account. Robustness is the measure of how well a lion maintains their functionality, when various stressors are applied (Harmsen, Foster, & Quigley, 2020). The estimated lion population in PNP was 44 lions (>1 year) with a density of 8.8 lions per 100 km2 . The estimated mean home range size of male lions was 279 km2 with a highest probability density (HPD) range of 179 – 385 km2 . The estimated mean home range of female lions was 191 km2 with a HPD range of 135 – 262 km2 . The larger home range size for male lions and smaller home range size for females is found v throughout the African continent in protected areas. The estimated sex ratio was 0.9♀:1♂, which is unexpected as PNP sex ratios between male and female lions is usually 2♀:1♂. A future sampling design for PNP was produced from the completed lion survey dataset. I drove a total of 7350 km and evaluated the influence of varied sampling efforts (i.e., kms driven) on precision estimates and relative bias for abundance, movement, and sex ratio. I found that a minimum of 4 000 km was needed to adequately estimate the lion abundance, movement, and sex ratio in this small fenced protected area. These findings can be used to help guide management to the most cost-effective sampling method and still obtain accurate estimates for monitoring lions. By showing management what is required for appropriate lion surveys this might help improve future monitoring. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Natural Resource Management, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Bettings, Isabella Aletta
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Lions--Behavior--South Africa , Animals tracks -- Pilanesberg National Park -- North West
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59655 , vital:62318
- Description: Lions are apex predators that play a vital role in the ecosystem. They regulate prey species through predation and other non-consumptive means. Factors that have influenced the decline of lion populations across Africa in the last half century, are loss of habitat, human wildlife conflict and the depletion of prey species. Extensive reintroductions of lions have been conducted across South Africa in order to restore their numbers in protected areas. The Pilanesberg National Park (PNP) was one of many protected areas that reintroduced lions. Their numbers were well documented by management until 2005 where they lost track of the population numbers. During this unfortunate period, there was an observed decline in prey numbers. The aim of this dissertation was to estimate the abundance, movement, and sex ratio of lions, in PNP. Abundance, movement, and sex ratio were determined by a three-month intensive lion survey. The location of each lion encounter was recorded on a mobile device which had an application installed called Cybertracker (v3). Photographs were taken of each Lion to build identification kits. For the data analysis, I used the Bayesian spatial explicit capture-recapture (SECR) model. This model takes time, space, and the robustness of an individual lion into account. Robustness is the measure of how well a lion maintains their functionality, when various stressors are applied (Harmsen, Foster, & Quigley, 2020). The estimated lion population in PNP was 44 lions (>1 year) with a density of 8.8 lions per 100 km2 . The estimated mean home range size of male lions was 279 km2 with a highest probability density (HPD) range of 179 – 385 km2 . The estimated mean home range of female lions was 191 km2 with a HPD range of 135 – 262 km2 . The larger home range size for male lions and smaller home range size for females is found v throughout the African continent in protected areas. The estimated sex ratio was 0.9♀:1♂, which is unexpected as PNP sex ratios between male and female lions is usually 2♀:1♂. A future sampling design for PNP was produced from the completed lion survey dataset. I drove a total of 7350 km and evaluated the influence of varied sampling efforts (i.e., kms driven) on precision estimates and relative bias for abundance, movement, and sex ratio. I found that a minimum of 4 000 km was needed to adequately estimate the lion abundance, movement, and sex ratio in this small fenced protected area. These findings can be used to help guide management to the most cost-effective sampling method and still obtain accurate estimates for monitoring lions. By showing management what is required for appropriate lion surveys this might help improve future monitoring. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Natural Resource Management, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
A critical assessment of the inter-governmental relations clusters system in the south African local government context: the case of Raymond Mhlaba Municipality by infrastructure
- Authors: Mkosana, Luvo
- Date: 2022-11
- Subjects: Infrastructure (Economics) -- South Africa , Public administration -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26841 , vital:66035
- Description: This research is focused on the premise that intergovernmental relations cluster system can be a precondition for improving the state of infrastructure in Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality. It follows, logically, that engaging stakeholders in all the three spheres of government and allowing them to fully participate in IGR processes has the potential to play a central role in improving infrastructure sector. Without effective and efficient implementation of IGR in the South African public sector, the transformation of the infrastructure sector will continue to menace many local government departments. Given the critics levelled against the processes involved in IGR, the qualitative and method was used as an investigative method to gain a deeper understanding of IGR cluster systems and its general contribution on infrastructural development. The findings showed a general consensus on the importance of the concept of IGR and its potential in ensuring that stakeholders come up with efficient ways to improve the infrastructure sector. Evidence also showed that the main components of infrastructure such as electricity, housing, water and sanitation and roads are still facing challenges and there are backlogs despite the efforts by all the three spheres of government to ensure that the collaborate in improving the sector. This knowledge allows the adoption of a bottom-up approach to IGR cluster system in the South African local government sector. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-11
- Authors: Mkosana, Luvo
- Date: 2022-11
- Subjects: Infrastructure (Economics) -- South Africa , Public administration -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26841 , vital:66035
- Description: This research is focused on the premise that intergovernmental relations cluster system can be a precondition for improving the state of infrastructure in Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality. It follows, logically, that engaging stakeholders in all the three spheres of government and allowing them to fully participate in IGR processes has the potential to play a central role in improving infrastructure sector. Without effective and efficient implementation of IGR in the South African public sector, the transformation of the infrastructure sector will continue to menace many local government departments. Given the critics levelled against the processes involved in IGR, the qualitative and method was used as an investigative method to gain a deeper understanding of IGR cluster systems and its general contribution on infrastructural development. The findings showed a general consensus on the importance of the concept of IGR and its potential in ensuring that stakeholders come up with efficient ways to improve the infrastructure sector. Evidence also showed that the main components of infrastructure such as electricity, housing, water and sanitation and roads are still facing challenges and there are backlogs despite the efforts by all the three spheres of government to ensure that the collaborate in improving the sector. This knowledge allows the adoption of a bottom-up approach to IGR cluster system in the South African local government sector. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-11
Barriers to utilisation of antenatal care services in Bloemfontein, sub-district of Mangaung Metro, Free State, South Africa
- Montshiwa, Kgalalelo Christine
- Authors: Montshiwa, Kgalalelo Christine
- Date: 2022-11
- Subjects: Prenatal care
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26995 , vital:66212
- Description: Background: Maternal and child mortality remain a global health problem, regardless of preventative measures put in place. Antenatal care is crucial to decrease maternal and child morbidity and mortality. However, in Bloemfontein, the sub-district of Mangaung Metro in the Free State, it has been identified that women utilise this kind of service sub-optimally. The study aimed to explore and describe barriers to the utilisation of antenatal care by pregnant women in the Bloemfontein sub-district of Mangaung Metro. Methodology: This study was qualitative and used an explorative, descriptive design. Qualitative data was collected by using focus group discussions and key informants’ interviews. Three focus group discussions with twenty-five pregnant and lactating mothers, aged between 18 and 49 years, were conducted. Participants took part in one focus group discussion at each healthcare facility. Four key informant interviews were conducted with four facility managers and one professional midwife who conducted ANC at the clinic at the time of the study in the three healthcare facilities. A thematic analysis process was used to analyse the collected qualitative data under each identified barrier. The STATA version 15 was used in the analysis of the demographic characteristics of the participants. Results: Most of the participants indicated that they are aware of the importance of attending ANC appointments however, they have voiced that the delayed waiting times and staff attitudes contribute to how they feel about visiting a clinic early. Some of the participants mentioned that they have cultural barriers as they still believe that a traditional pregnant woman should not reveal her pregnancy in the early days but must rather wait until her stomach has grown significantly for her to visit the clinic. Two participants indicated that they had unplanned pregnancies and wanted to do an abortion, but their religious beliefs prevented them to choose to terminate their pregnancies. Economically, not all participants complained about their financial situation though the majority were unemployed and single. Participants from the Bloemspruit facility complained of transport as they stay far from the clinic and they are sometimes forced to walk alone which makes it difficult to attend all their booked sessions with their midwives. The results of the study revealed that there are several factors contributing to late antenatal care attendance namely provider and personal factors contributing to late antenatal care attendance in the Bloemfontein sub-district of Mangaung Metro. Personal factors that were found to be contributing to late antenatal care booking were lack of transport, especially for Bloemspruit participants, unwanted pregnancy, lack of financial support, lack of partner support, cultural and religious beliefs, and lack of knowledge. Provider factors that were found to be contributing to late booking were lack of resources like tools of the trade, long waiting times, poor infrastructure, human resources, and midwives’ attitudes. Recommendations. To deploy qualified midwives to conduct antenatal care clinics, to extend the service over the weekends as participants mentioned that they struggle to get time off from work during the week. Health promotion and community awareness campaigns on the importance of antenatal care may increase the utilisation of antenatal care services. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-11
- Authors: Montshiwa, Kgalalelo Christine
- Date: 2022-11
- Subjects: Prenatal care
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26995 , vital:66212
- Description: Background: Maternal and child mortality remain a global health problem, regardless of preventative measures put in place. Antenatal care is crucial to decrease maternal and child morbidity and mortality. However, in Bloemfontein, the sub-district of Mangaung Metro in the Free State, it has been identified that women utilise this kind of service sub-optimally. The study aimed to explore and describe barriers to the utilisation of antenatal care by pregnant women in the Bloemfontein sub-district of Mangaung Metro. Methodology: This study was qualitative and used an explorative, descriptive design. Qualitative data was collected by using focus group discussions and key informants’ interviews. Three focus group discussions with twenty-five pregnant and lactating mothers, aged between 18 and 49 years, were conducted. Participants took part in one focus group discussion at each healthcare facility. Four key informant interviews were conducted with four facility managers and one professional midwife who conducted ANC at the clinic at the time of the study in the three healthcare facilities. A thematic analysis process was used to analyse the collected qualitative data under each identified barrier. The STATA version 15 was used in the analysis of the demographic characteristics of the participants. Results: Most of the participants indicated that they are aware of the importance of attending ANC appointments however, they have voiced that the delayed waiting times and staff attitudes contribute to how they feel about visiting a clinic early. Some of the participants mentioned that they have cultural barriers as they still believe that a traditional pregnant woman should not reveal her pregnancy in the early days but must rather wait until her stomach has grown significantly for her to visit the clinic. Two participants indicated that they had unplanned pregnancies and wanted to do an abortion, but their religious beliefs prevented them to choose to terminate their pregnancies. Economically, not all participants complained about their financial situation though the majority were unemployed and single. Participants from the Bloemspruit facility complained of transport as they stay far from the clinic and they are sometimes forced to walk alone which makes it difficult to attend all their booked sessions with their midwives. The results of the study revealed that there are several factors contributing to late antenatal care attendance namely provider and personal factors contributing to late antenatal care attendance in the Bloemfontein sub-district of Mangaung Metro. Personal factors that were found to be contributing to late antenatal care booking were lack of transport, especially for Bloemspruit participants, unwanted pregnancy, lack of financial support, lack of partner support, cultural and religious beliefs, and lack of knowledge. Provider factors that were found to be contributing to late booking were lack of resources like tools of the trade, long waiting times, poor infrastructure, human resources, and midwives’ attitudes. Recommendations. To deploy qualified midwives to conduct antenatal care clinics, to extend the service over the weekends as participants mentioned that they struggle to get time off from work during the week. Health promotion and community awareness campaigns on the importance of antenatal care may increase the utilisation of antenatal care services. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-11
Estimating estuarine suspended sediment concentration through spectral indices and band ratios derived from Sentinel-2 data: a case of Umzimvubu Estuary, South Africa
- Authors: Tshazi, Zamavuso
- Date: 2022-11
- Subjects: Sediments (Geology) , Suspended sediments , Remote sensing
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27743 , vital:69406
- Description: The current study was aimed at evaluating the reliability and efficacy of selected remote sensing band ratios and indices in accurately estimating the spatial patterns of suspended sediment concentration level in Umzimvubu Estuary, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Sentinel-2 imagery was acquired on the 29th of March 2022. Band reflectance values were extracted from Sentinel -2 imagery, and laboratory measurements of suspended sediment concentration were obtained from samples collected from fifty (50) sampling points in the estuary on the 29th of March 2022. Sentinel-2 imagery was then validated with the field data in estimating and mapping the suspended sediment concentration. Several remote sensing band ratios Red/(Green plus Near-Infrared), Near-Infrared/Green, Red plus Near-Infrared/Green, Blue(Green plus Red)/Blue and Green plus Near-Infrared)/Blue and indices, that is the Normalised Difference Turbidity Index (NDTI), Normalized Difference Suspended Sediment Index (NDSSI) and Normalized Suspended Material Index (NSMI)) were then used to predict the suspended sediment concentration from Sentinel-2 imagery. The accuracy of band ratios and indices was evaluated by correlating the prediction against the observed suspended sediment concentration from Sentinel-2 imagery. A total of 50 points were randomly surveyed in the Umzimvubu estuary for analyzing suspended sediment concentration. Results indicate that the Blue (Green plus Red)/Blue, the Green plus Near-Infrared)/Blue and NMSI performed well based on their R-squared. The Blue (Green plus Red)/Blue and Green + Near-Infrared)/Blue band ratios had 0.86 and 0, 94, respectively. While NSMI yielded an R-squared of 0,76 and RMSE of 19,2 mg/L. The results in the current study indicate that Sentinel-2 imagery can reliably estimate the concentration of suspended sediment level in the Umzimvubu Estuary using band ratios and indices. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-11
- Authors: Tshazi, Zamavuso
- Date: 2022-11
- Subjects: Sediments (Geology) , Suspended sediments , Remote sensing
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27743 , vital:69406
- Description: The current study was aimed at evaluating the reliability and efficacy of selected remote sensing band ratios and indices in accurately estimating the spatial patterns of suspended sediment concentration level in Umzimvubu Estuary, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Sentinel-2 imagery was acquired on the 29th of March 2022. Band reflectance values were extracted from Sentinel -2 imagery, and laboratory measurements of suspended sediment concentration were obtained from samples collected from fifty (50) sampling points in the estuary on the 29th of March 2022. Sentinel-2 imagery was then validated with the field data in estimating and mapping the suspended sediment concentration. Several remote sensing band ratios Red/(Green plus Near-Infrared), Near-Infrared/Green, Red plus Near-Infrared/Green, Blue(Green plus Red)/Blue and Green plus Near-Infrared)/Blue and indices, that is the Normalised Difference Turbidity Index (NDTI), Normalized Difference Suspended Sediment Index (NDSSI) and Normalized Suspended Material Index (NSMI)) were then used to predict the suspended sediment concentration from Sentinel-2 imagery. The accuracy of band ratios and indices was evaluated by correlating the prediction against the observed suspended sediment concentration from Sentinel-2 imagery. A total of 50 points were randomly surveyed in the Umzimvubu estuary for analyzing suspended sediment concentration. Results indicate that the Blue (Green plus Red)/Blue, the Green plus Near-Infrared)/Blue and NMSI performed well based on their R-squared. The Blue (Green plus Red)/Blue and Green + Near-Infrared)/Blue band ratios had 0.86 and 0, 94, respectively. While NSMI yielded an R-squared of 0,76 and RMSE of 19,2 mg/L. The results in the current study indicate that Sentinel-2 imagery can reliably estimate the concentration of suspended sediment level in the Umzimvubu Estuary using band ratios and indices. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-11
Examining the nature of entrepreneurship within the towns and rural areas of Sakhisizwe Local Municipality, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Maliwa, Noluvuyo
- Date: 2022-11
- Subjects: Entrepreneurship , Developing countries--Economic conditions , Small business
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27555 , vital:69315
- Description: Entrepreneurship plays an important role in societies around the world because it supports economic growth and creates job opportunities. This study investigated the nature of entrepreneurship in three distinct parts of Sakhisizwe Local Municipality, including a town within Sakhisizwe’s former homeland area, rural communities within its former homeland area, and a town within an area characterised by large-scale commercial farms. The study sought to establish the share of adults in the different parts of the municipality involved in entrepreneurship, to identify factors that contribute to the decision to become an entrepreneur, and to examine strategies pursued by, and challenges experienced, different types of entrepreneurs. The study involved a random sample of 362 respondents and both quantitative and qualitative data analysis. Among the main findings is that the proportion of adults involved in enterprise in Sakhisizwe is higher than found by other studies for South Africa as a whole, but is especially high for those living in the town in the former homeland area. While those residing in rural communities also engage in enterprise, they are generally compelled to practice their enterprises in town, thus have the disadvantage of needing frequent transport. While residing in the town in the commercial farming area is not disadvantageous in the same way, the challenge is that the town itself is able to support relatively few entrepreneurs due to fewer people coming to town for their shopping. , Thesis (MSci) -- Faculty of Science and Agricultures, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-11
- Authors: Maliwa, Noluvuyo
- Date: 2022-11
- Subjects: Entrepreneurship , Developing countries--Economic conditions , Small business
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27555 , vital:69315
- Description: Entrepreneurship plays an important role in societies around the world because it supports economic growth and creates job opportunities. This study investigated the nature of entrepreneurship in three distinct parts of Sakhisizwe Local Municipality, including a town within Sakhisizwe’s former homeland area, rural communities within its former homeland area, and a town within an area characterised by large-scale commercial farms. The study sought to establish the share of adults in the different parts of the municipality involved in entrepreneurship, to identify factors that contribute to the decision to become an entrepreneur, and to examine strategies pursued by, and challenges experienced, different types of entrepreneurs. The study involved a random sample of 362 respondents and both quantitative and qualitative data analysis. Among the main findings is that the proportion of adults involved in enterprise in Sakhisizwe is higher than found by other studies for South Africa as a whole, but is especially high for those living in the town in the former homeland area. While those residing in rural communities also engage in enterprise, they are generally compelled to practice their enterprises in town, thus have the disadvantage of needing frequent transport. While residing in the town in the commercial farming area is not disadvantageous in the same way, the challenge is that the town itself is able to support relatively few entrepreneurs due to fewer people coming to town for their shopping. , Thesis (MSci) -- Faculty of Science and Agricultures, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-11
Guidelines for designing personal health dashboards
- Authors: Chabana, Chabana Ernst
- Date: 2022-11
- Subjects: Dashboards (Management information systems) , Information visualization , Medical informatics , Digital health , Design manual
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/419137 , vital:71619
- Description: The healthcare industry is realising the value of providing ordinary individuals with their personal health data for self-care and self-management purposes, however, these individuals are faced with the challenge of going through, understanding and extracting insights from large volumes of complex personal health data. A dashboard (coupled with data visualization) is regarded as a suitable way to present personal health data effectively, to inform self-care and self- management-based decisions. However, there is no homogeneous (i.e. “one-size-fits-all”) approach to designing dashboards; therefore, this research aimed at creating a set of design guidelines that can be used as a foundation for tailoring dashboards that support the presentation of personal health data. The Design Science Research methodology was used to systematically develop and evaluate the set of dashboard design guidelines. Within this methodology, literature was reviewed and focus groups with participants were conducted to extract insights and inform the development of the initial set (proposed) design guidelines. The proposed design guidelines were then used to develop a medium-fidelity personal health dashboard prototype. Usability testing with the dashboard prototype was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and utility of these design guidelines. The evaluation provided insights that strengthened the quality of the design guidelines. The evaluation indicated that the proposed set of guidelines are suitable for designing a dashboard that presents personal health data effectively. These design guidelines can be adapted in order to inform the process of tailoring dashboards for accommodating different personal health data presentation needs. , Thesis (MCOM) -- Faculty of Commerce, Information Systems, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-11
- Authors: Chabana, Chabana Ernst
- Date: 2022-11
- Subjects: Dashboards (Management information systems) , Information visualization , Medical informatics , Digital health , Design manual
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/419137 , vital:71619
- Description: The healthcare industry is realising the value of providing ordinary individuals with their personal health data for self-care and self-management purposes, however, these individuals are faced with the challenge of going through, understanding and extracting insights from large volumes of complex personal health data. A dashboard (coupled with data visualization) is regarded as a suitable way to present personal health data effectively, to inform self-care and self- management-based decisions. However, there is no homogeneous (i.e. “one-size-fits-all”) approach to designing dashboards; therefore, this research aimed at creating a set of design guidelines that can be used as a foundation for tailoring dashboards that support the presentation of personal health data. The Design Science Research methodology was used to systematically develop and evaluate the set of dashboard design guidelines. Within this methodology, literature was reviewed and focus groups with participants were conducted to extract insights and inform the development of the initial set (proposed) design guidelines. The proposed design guidelines were then used to develop a medium-fidelity personal health dashboard prototype. Usability testing with the dashboard prototype was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and utility of these design guidelines. The evaluation provided insights that strengthened the quality of the design guidelines. The evaluation indicated that the proposed set of guidelines are suitable for designing a dashboard that presents personal health data effectively. These design guidelines can be adapted in order to inform the process of tailoring dashboards for accommodating different personal health data presentation needs. , Thesis (MCOM) -- Faculty of Commerce, Information Systems, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-11
Interpreting structural polarization in Zimbabwean electoral politics since 1980
- Authors: Munhuweyi, kenneth Takudzwa
- Date: 2022-11
- Subjects: Zimbabwe -- Politics and government -- 1980- , Political history , Politics
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27105 , vital:66303
- Description: The study presents the structural polarization that characterized Zimbabwe’s postindependence electoral politics from 1980. Existing literature on the same phenomenon of polarization is both fragmented and inconsistent. Nevertheless, this study traced the history of Zimbabwean polarization to the pre-colonial and colonial periods to ascertain the reality of post-independence polarization. The postindependence of Zimbabwe under the Mugabe and Mnangagwa administrations, the ZANU-PF ruling party, was marked by political repression and restriction in electoral politics -a stealth authoritarian practice. In line with earlier studies, this research suggested that Zimbabwe is far from being an institutionalized democracy, given the dearth of electoral democratic qualities, the rule of law- and constitutional subversion. Zimbabwe has had a series of elections under monitoring and evaluation by local and international observers. The electoral observers’ reports and verdicts remain crucial in any given election and require scrutiny to determine their credibility and legitimacy. In 2018, Mnangagwa opened a doorway for international electoral monitoring/observation, previously closed by Mugabe in 2002. While recognizing Mnangagwa’s democratic aspirations, the 2017 post-coup was laced with political repression and 2018 post-election judicial verdict bias. There have been democratic transitioning impediments due to the ZANU-PF party’s centralized state institutions and militarized state capture –typical of a bureaucratic authoritarian regime. With the ZANU-PF party’s competitive authoritarianism in Zimbabwe, the thesis presented the prospects of the Citizens Coalition for Change opposition political parties’ -office seeking coalition building -aiming at maximizing electoral outcomes towards power changing and electoral reforms. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-11
- Authors: Munhuweyi, kenneth Takudzwa
- Date: 2022-11
- Subjects: Zimbabwe -- Politics and government -- 1980- , Political history , Politics
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27105 , vital:66303
- Description: The study presents the structural polarization that characterized Zimbabwe’s postindependence electoral politics from 1980. Existing literature on the same phenomenon of polarization is both fragmented and inconsistent. Nevertheless, this study traced the history of Zimbabwean polarization to the pre-colonial and colonial periods to ascertain the reality of post-independence polarization. The postindependence of Zimbabwe under the Mugabe and Mnangagwa administrations, the ZANU-PF ruling party, was marked by political repression and restriction in electoral politics -a stealth authoritarian practice. In line with earlier studies, this research suggested that Zimbabwe is far from being an institutionalized democracy, given the dearth of electoral democratic qualities, the rule of law- and constitutional subversion. Zimbabwe has had a series of elections under monitoring and evaluation by local and international observers. The electoral observers’ reports and verdicts remain crucial in any given election and require scrutiny to determine their credibility and legitimacy. In 2018, Mnangagwa opened a doorway for international electoral monitoring/observation, previously closed by Mugabe in 2002. While recognizing Mnangagwa’s democratic aspirations, the 2017 post-coup was laced with political repression and 2018 post-election judicial verdict bias. There have been democratic transitioning impediments due to the ZANU-PF party’s centralized state institutions and militarized state capture –typical of a bureaucratic authoritarian regime. With the ZANU-PF party’s competitive authoritarianism in Zimbabwe, the thesis presented the prospects of the Citizens Coalition for Change opposition political parties’ -office seeking coalition building -aiming at maximizing electoral outcomes towards power changing and electoral reforms. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-11
Older persons’ perceptions of services that support positive ageing in the Khayelitsha and Gugulethu districts of the Western cape
- Authors: Tshefu-Mavimbela, Siphokazi
- Date: 2022-11
- Subjects: Aging -- Western Cape , Older people -- Western Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60389 , vital:64705
- Description: Globally people are growing older, and nearly every country is experiencing an increase in their ageing populace. In 1960 older people made up 5 % of the world population, while in 2018, they were about 9% of the overall population. Projections are that in 2050 people over the age of 65 will make up 16% of the overall population. To respond to an ageing population, a government must ensure that its policy framework can respond to the needs of its citizens. A society that supports a positive ageing environment improves older people’s well-being. In our complex society, each person is dependent on others in various ways, and social, emotional and practical interdependence is a feature of the human social condition. This means that older people do not function well in isolation but need support for positive ageing. This research project focused on older people’s perceptions of services that support their positive ageing in the Khayelitsha and Gugulethu districts of the Western Cape, South Africa. The theoretical framework employed in the study is Systems Theory. The research approach utilised in the study is qualitative with an explorative and descriptive research design. A non-probability purposive, criterion-based sampling technique was employed. The researcher recruited eleven older persons aged sixty years and above in the Khayelitsha and Gugulethu areas. An NGO that works with older persons’ served as gatekeepers. Semi-structured telephonic interviews were conducted. The data collected was analysed using thematic data analysis. The trustworthiness of the research process was enhanced using Guba’s model. Ethical principles as set out in the Belmont report were also adhered to. The key findings of the current study indicated that in Khayelitsha and Gugulethu areas, there are available services that support positive ageing, such as clubs, excursions and social grants. Environmental aspects challenging positive ageing included unfavourable home conditions such as financial burden and ill-treatment, poverty and unemployment, health problems, and COVID-19 effects. Older people mentioned that there are available but inadequate services such as municipal services and care facilities. Thus, they recommended that there should be poverty alleviation schemes, community development projects such as crafting, gardening, sewing, and more institutions and home-based care for older people. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-11
- Authors: Tshefu-Mavimbela, Siphokazi
- Date: 2022-11
- Subjects: Aging -- Western Cape , Older people -- Western Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60389 , vital:64705
- Description: Globally people are growing older, and nearly every country is experiencing an increase in their ageing populace. In 1960 older people made up 5 % of the world population, while in 2018, they were about 9% of the overall population. Projections are that in 2050 people over the age of 65 will make up 16% of the overall population. To respond to an ageing population, a government must ensure that its policy framework can respond to the needs of its citizens. A society that supports a positive ageing environment improves older people’s well-being. In our complex society, each person is dependent on others in various ways, and social, emotional and practical interdependence is a feature of the human social condition. This means that older people do not function well in isolation but need support for positive ageing. This research project focused on older people’s perceptions of services that support their positive ageing in the Khayelitsha and Gugulethu districts of the Western Cape, South Africa. The theoretical framework employed in the study is Systems Theory. The research approach utilised in the study is qualitative with an explorative and descriptive research design. A non-probability purposive, criterion-based sampling technique was employed. The researcher recruited eleven older persons aged sixty years and above in the Khayelitsha and Gugulethu areas. An NGO that works with older persons’ served as gatekeepers. Semi-structured telephonic interviews were conducted. The data collected was analysed using thematic data analysis. The trustworthiness of the research process was enhanced using Guba’s model. Ethical principles as set out in the Belmont report were also adhered to. The key findings of the current study indicated that in Khayelitsha and Gugulethu areas, there are available services that support positive ageing, such as clubs, excursions and social grants. Environmental aspects challenging positive ageing included unfavourable home conditions such as financial burden and ill-treatment, poverty and unemployment, health problems, and COVID-19 effects. Older people mentioned that there are available but inadequate services such as municipal services and care facilities. Thus, they recommended that there should be poverty alleviation schemes, community development projects such as crafting, gardening, sewing, and more institutions and home-based care for older people. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
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- Date Issued: 2022-11