Perceptions of social media as a tool for research: a study of postgraduate students, University of Fort Hare, Alice campus
- Authors: Abolanle, Ogunnubi Adeyemi
- Date: 2014-10
- Subjects: University of Fort Hare , Media literacy , Internet research
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26381 , vital:65299
- Description: The study aimed at examining the perceptions of social media as a tool for research among postgraduate students at the University of Fort Hare, Alice campus. Data were collected using a quantitative research approach by administering structured questionnaires to 310 postgraduate students under the cluster sampling across different faculties and departments, and analysed by SPSS Statistical software and Chi-square test. 264 questionnaires were returned for analysis and these respondents maintained that they utilized social media platforms for their academic research. The findings further revealed that social media has to a large extent improved students‟ research activities as they frequently seek practical knowledge for demonstration and tutorship. Furthermore, the respondents regard social media as a good platform for research topics in audio and video formats, scholarly articles, journals and books. This study concluded that since students explore the social media platforms and search engines for various reasons, academic research inclusive, it therefore becomes imperative to create more links within the social media for students to explore books, scholarly journals and articles necessary for research and academic purposes. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014-10
- Authors: Abolanle, Ogunnubi Adeyemi
- Date: 2014-10
- Subjects: University of Fort Hare , Media literacy , Internet research
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26381 , vital:65299
- Description: The study aimed at examining the perceptions of social media as a tool for research among postgraduate students at the University of Fort Hare, Alice campus. Data were collected using a quantitative research approach by administering structured questionnaires to 310 postgraduate students under the cluster sampling across different faculties and departments, and analysed by SPSS Statistical software and Chi-square test. 264 questionnaires were returned for analysis and these respondents maintained that they utilized social media platforms for their academic research. The findings further revealed that social media has to a large extent improved students‟ research activities as they frequently seek practical knowledge for demonstration and tutorship. Furthermore, the respondents regard social media as a good platform for research topics in audio and video formats, scholarly articles, journals and books. This study concluded that since students explore the social media platforms and search engines for various reasons, academic research inclusive, it therefore becomes imperative to create more links within the social media for students to explore books, scholarly journals and articles necessary for research and academic purposes. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014-10
A model for enhancing trust in information systems tools within Nigeria media planning agencies
- Olaitan, Olutoyin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5350-4136
- Authors: Olaitan, Olutoyin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5350-4136
- Date: 2014-06
- Subjects: Information resources management--Nigeria , Information networks--Security measures--Nigeria
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24904 , vital:63669
- Description: Media Planning Agencies (MPAs) are responsible for purchasing time and advertising space on behalf of organisations who desire to advertise or market their products and services (Kupoluyi, 2011). These agencies perform their tasks based on the evaluative factors of pricing, demographics, reach, psychographics and other factors relevant to the clients’ target market which are all enabled by technology. MPAs utilise industry specific Information Systems (IS) tools in their business processes. McKnight (2005) contends that trust in IS tools directly impacts on the willingness of a user to depend on such IS tools for accomplishing their goals. The research problem exists due to the fact that the current level of trust in these IS tools employed within MPAs in Nigeria is very low (Egbonwon, 2012). This distrust has led to the non-optimisation of the available tools. Empirical findings reveal that most of the personnel in these agencies prefer to actualise their processes manually, or at best with the limited aid of Microsoft Office tools such as Excel and Word (Akharume, 2012). Thus the research problem investigated trust-enhancing mechanisms for IS tools in MPAs to improve efficient and effective use. The study conducted an in-depth critique of the role of trust in maximizing IS tools to improve efficiency and effectiveness within Nigerian Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). This was done through a literature review and questionnaire. The output of the research process is the proposition of a model for enhancing trust in IS tools within MPAs. The study proposed that the enhancement of trust in IS tools will lead to optimal use of these tools, thus leading to efficiency and effectiveness in the operations of Nigerian MPAs. The model was developed by following Hevner, March, Park and Ram’s (2004) Design Science research guidelines and validated through an expert review process. The outcome of the expert review was used to further refine the model and thereafter conclude the study. It is believed that the outcome of this research will empower MPAs to become competitive nationally, grow into global players in their industry and achieve efficiency with regards to how business is conducted. , Thesis (MCom IS) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014-06
- Authors: Olaitan, Olutoyin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5350-4136
- Date: 2014-06
- Subjects: Information resources management--Nigeria , Information networks--Security measures--Nigeria
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24904 , vital:63669
- Description: Media Planning Agencies (MPAs) are responsible for purchasing time and advertising space on behalf of organisations who desire to advertise or market their products and services (Kupoluyi, 2011). These agencies perform their tasks based on the evaluative factors of pricing, demographics, reach, psychographics and other factors relevant to the clients’ target market which are all enabled by technology. MPAs utilise industry specific Information Systems (IS) tools in their business processes. McKnight (2005) contends that trust in IS tools directly impacts on the willingness of a user to depend on such IS tools for accomplishing their goals. The research problem exists due to the fact that the current level of trust in these IS tools employed within MPAs in Nigeria is very low (Egbonwon, 2012). This distrust has led to the non-optimisation of the available tools. Empirical findings reveal that most of the personnel in these agencies prefer to actualise their processes manually, or at best with the limited aid of Microsoft Office tools such as Excel and Word (Akharume, 2012). Thus the research problem investigated trust-enhancing mechanisms for IS tools in MPAs to improve efficient and effective use. The study conducted an in-depth critique of the role of trust in maximizing IS tools to improve efficiency and effectiveness within Nigerian Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). This was done through a literature review and questionnaire. The output of the research process is the proposition of a model for enhancing trust in IS tools within MPAs. The study proposed that the enhancement of trust in IS tools will lead to optimal use of these tools, thus leading to efficiency and effectiveness in the operations of Nigerian MPAs. The model was developed by following Hevner, March, Park and Ram’s (2004) Design Science research guidelines and validated through an expert review process. The outcome of the expert review was used to further refine the model and thereafter conclude the study. It is believed that the outcome of this research will empower MPAs to become competitive nationally, grow into global players in their industry and achieve efficiency with regards to how business is conducted. , Thesis (MCom IS) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014-06
A model for enhancing trust in information systems tools within Nigerian media planning agencies
- Olutoyin, Olaitan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5350-4136
- Authors: Olutoyin, Olaitan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5350-4136
- Date: 2014-06
- Subjects: Advertising media planning -- Nigeria , Information resources management -- Nigeria
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25592 , vital:64337
- Description: Media Planning Agencies (MPAs) are responsible for purchasing time and advertising space on behalf of organisations who desire to advertise or market their products and services (Kupoluyi, 2011). These agencies perform their tasks based on the evaluative factors of pricing, demographics, reach, psychographics and other factors relevant to the clients’ target market which are all enabled by technology. MPAs utilise industry specific Information Systems (IS) tools in their business processes. McKnight (2005) contends that trust in IS tools directly impacts on the willingness of a user to depend on such IS tools for accomplishing their goals. The research problem exists due to the fact that the current level of trust in these IS tools employed within MPAs in Nigeria is very low (Egbonwon, 2012). This distrust has led to the non-optimisation of the available tools. Empirical findings reveal that most of the personnel in these agencies prefer to actualise their processes manually, or at best with the limited aid of Microsoft Office tools such as Excel and Word (Akharume, 2012). Thus the research problem investigated trust-enhancing mechanisms for IS tools in MPAs to improve efficient and effective use. The study conducted an in-depth critique of the role of trust in maximizing IS tools to improve efficiency and effectiveness within Nigerian Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). This was done through a literature review and questionnaire. The output of the research process is the proposition of a model for enhancing trust in IS tools within MPAs. The study proposed that the enhancement of trust in IS tools will lead to optimal use of these tools, thus leading to efficiency and effectiveness in the operations of Nigerian MPAs. The model was developed by following Hevner, March, Park and Ram’s (2004) Design Science research guidelines and validated through an expert review process. The outcome of the expert review was used to further refine the model and thereafter conclude the study. It is believed that the outcome of this research will empower MPAs to become competitive nationally, grow into global players in their industry and achieve efficiency with regards to how business is conducted. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014-06
- Authors: Olutoyin, Olaitan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5350-4136
- Date: 2014-06
- Subjects: Advertising media planning -- Nigeria , Information resources management -- Nigeria
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25592 , vital:64337
- Description: Media Planning Agencies (MPAs) are responsible for purchasing time and advertising space on behalf of organisations who desire to advertise or market their products and services (Kupoluyi, 2011). These agencies perform their tasks based on the evaluative factors of pricing, demographics, reach, psychographics and other factors relevant to the clients’ target market which are all enabled by technology. MPAs utilise industry specific Information Systems (IS) tools in their business processes. McKnight (2005) contends that trust in IS tools directly impacts on the willingness of a user to depend on such IS tools for accomplishing their goals. The research problem exists due to the fact that the current level of trust in these IS tools employed within MPAs in Nigeria is very low (Egbonwon, 2012). This distrust has led to the non-optimisation of the available tools. Empirical findings reveal that most of the personnel in these agencies prefer to actualise their processes manually, or at best with the limited aid of Microsoft Office tools such as Excel and Word (Akharume, 2012). Thus the research problem investigated trust-enhancing mechanisms for IS tools in MPAs to improve efficient and effective use. The study conducted an in-depth critique of the role of trust in maximizing IS tools to improve efficiency and effectiveness within Nigerian Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). This was done through a literature review and questionnaire. The output of the research process is the proposition of a model for enhancing trust in IS tools within MPAs. The study proposed that the enhancement of trust in IS tools will lead to optimal use of these tools, thus leading to efficiency and effectiveness in the operations of Nigerian MPAs. The model was developed by following Hevner, March, Park and Ram’s (2004) Design Science research guidelines and validated through an expert review process. The outcome of the expert review was used to further refine the model and thereafter conclude the study. It is believed that the outcome of this research will empower MPAs to become competitive nationally, grow into global players in their industry and achieve efficiency with regards to how business is conducted. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014-06
An investigation into identity formation of school- going adolescents : application of the neo- eriksonian paradigm in an urban African context
- Authors: Vasi, Shirlee
- Date: 2014-06
- Subjects: Adolescence , Identity (Psychology) in adolescence , Youth
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26503 , vital:65482
- Description: The study drew on two approaches on identity formation, each postulating differing but complementary exploration components style and status in an effort to better understand the dimensions of identity formation as measured by the EOM EIS 2 and the ISI3. The sample of the study N 111 was socio/demographically diverse with respect to gender, age, race and language, with participants drawn from an urban high school setting in the Eastern Cape. Overall patterns of results revealed by Analysis of Variance ANOVA suggested that significant differences exist between adolescents with respect to gender and age in a South African context. No significant results were noted for the identity variables of race and language, with the identity variables of the EOM EIS 2 and the ISI3. Inter-correlations among the identity variables of the EOM EIS 2 and the ISI3 for the sample of school-going adolescents in this study were investigated. The findings provide evidence that the two instruments to a large extent carry a similar meaning theoretically within an African setting. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014-06
- Authors: Vasi, Shirlee
- Date: 2014-06
- Subjects: Adolescence , Identity (Psychology) in adolescence , Youth
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26503 , vital:65482
- Description: The study drew on two approaches on identity formation, each postulating differing but complementary exploration components style and status in an effort to better understand the dimensions of identity formation as measured by the EOM EIS 2 and the ISI3. The sample of the study N 111 was socio/demographically diverse with respect to gender, age, race and language, with participants drawn from an urban high school setting in the Eastern Cape. Overall patterns of results revealed by Analysis of Variance ANOVA suggested that significant differences exist between adolescents with respect to gender and age in a South African context. No significant results were noted for the identity variables of race and language, with the identity variables of the EOM EIS 2 and the ISI3. Inter-correlations among the identity variables of the EOM EIS 2 and the ISI3 for the sample of school-going adolescents in this study were investigated. The findings provide evidence that the two instruments to a large extent carry a similar meaning theoretically within an African setting. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014-06
An investigation into the learning outcomes the selected life orientation educators teach in the intermediate and senior phase: implications for instructional supervision in two J.S.S. in Butterworth district
- Authors: Sele, Noxolo
- Date: 2014-06
- Subjects: Life skills -- Study and teaching
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25393 , vital:64235
- Description: This study seeks to investigate the Life Orientation (LO) Learning Outcomes the selected educators teach in the Intermediate and Senior Phase. It focuses on two Junior Secondary Schools (J.S.S.) in Butterworth Education District of the Eastern Cape Province. According to the Department of Education (2002) Life Orientation is mandatory for all learners in the Senior and Further Education and Training phases of Basic Education. It offers possibilities for equipping learners in South Africa with the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values to develop confidence within themselves and to become responsible citizens. In this inquiry, the study used qualitative research methods to explore how teachers and learners perceive the implementation of LO. The research on both teachers and learners has testified that the most looked part in LO is its importance on the developmental aspect of learners. The finding also draws strongly from what the literature has revealed, that Life Orientation curriculum expressly revolves around learners achieving outcomes, which are identified and assessed through the acquisition and demonstration of knowledge, skills, attitudes and value. The educators affirmed that LO was an important subject but was looked down by many teachers as less interesting and boring. The interviewees argued that LO contributes to best understanding of challenges facing our youth. One major recommendation was that grade teachers must draw insights from various teaching approaches and move beyond using one approach to deliver LO. Among other things, future research need to investigate what training needs do teachers and school heads need to arouse their interest and eagerness to facilitate teaching of LO? , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014-06
- Authors: Sele, Noxolo
- Date: 2014-06
- Subjects: Life skills -- Study and teaching
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25393 , vital:64235
- Description: This study seeks to investigate the Life Orientation (LO) Learning Outcomes the selected educators teach in the Intermediate and Senior Phase. It focuses on two Junior Secondary Schools (J.S.S.) in Butterworth Education District of the Eastern Cape Province. According to the Department of Education (2002) Life Orientation is mandatory for all learners in the Senior and Further Education and Training phases of Basic Education. It offers possibilities for equipping learners in South Africa with the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values to develop confidence within themselves and to become responsible citizens. In this inquiry, the study used qualitative research methods to explore how teachers and learners perceive the implementation of LO. The research on both teachers and learners has testified that the most looked part in LO is its importance on the developmental aspect of learners. The finding also draws strongly from what the literature has revealed, that Life Orientation curriculum expressly revolves around learners achieving outcomes, which are identified and assessed through the acquisition and demonstration of knowledge, skills, attitudes and value. The educators affirmed that LO was an important subject but was looked down by many teachers as less interesting and boring. The interviewees argued that LO contributes to best understanding of challenges facing our youth. One major recommendation was that grade teachers must draw insights from various teaching approaches and move beyond using one approach to deliver LO. Among other things, future research need to investigate what training needs do teachers and school heads need to arouse their interest and eagerness to facilitate teaching of LO? , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014-06
The challenges faced by orphans and vulnerable children in cluster foster homes in South Africa: the case of Ekhaya losizo in Grahamstown
- Authors: Nyamutinga, Dudzai
- Date: 2014-06
- Subjects: Foster home care -- South Africa , Social work with children -- South Africa , Orphans -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27402 , vital:67291
- Description: The aim of the study was to investigate the challenges faced by orphans and vulnerable children in cluster foster homes . The case of Ekhaya losizo Cluster home. The study intended to bring out the challenges that children who have been abandoned, neglected and orphaned face after they are found in need of care and protection and then are placed in institutional care. The first objective was to explore the different kind of challenges that orphans and vulnerable children encounter in a cluster foster home. The research study concluded that children face physical, emotional and psychological challenges. The research also examined the effects of these physical, social and emotional challenges on the wellbeing and welfare of these orphans and vulnerable children. According to the research study, most children in the cluster home faced a number of social, emotional and psychological wellbeing which affect normal development. The research focused on investigating the kind of support that is offered by community members to such orphans and vulnerable children. According to the findings, children are provided with emotional support, financial, social and educational. The study findings revealed that there is much support provided by the community. The last objective which is the fourth one is aimed at examining services that are offered by social service practitioners in the care of orphans and vulnerable children in cluster foster care. The study findings managed to document that social workers are very much instrumental in the welfare of children. This is because they are involved in identifying the child in need of care and protection as stipulated in the Children’s Act 38 of 2005, they do placements of children in cluster homes, monitoring and also identifying suitable caregivers who are able to provide proper nurturance to children. Psychologists are also instrumental in providing counselling to these children. They help those children that are traumatized, orphaned, abandoned and those that are having adaptation challenges as well as attachment challenges. The study utilized a qualitative method in order for the researcher to understand the challenges faced by orphans and vulnerable children. Purposive sampling which is non- probability was used with both in-depth interview as well as focus group discussion. The researcher purposely selected those people who are relevant in providing the relevant information for the research. The study utilized an in-depth interview guide as well as focus group discussion to gather information from respondents. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014-06
- Authors: Nyamutinga, Dudzai
- Date: 2014-06
- Subjects: Foster home care -- South Africa , Social work with children -- South Africa , Orphans -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27402 , vital:67291
- Description: The aim of the study was to investigate the challenges faced by orphans and vulnerable children in cluster foster homes . The case of Ekhaya losizo Cluster home. The study intended to bring out the challenges that children who have been abandoned, neglected and orphaned face after they are found in need of care and protection and then are placed in institutional care. The first objective was to explore the different kind of challenges that orphans and vulnerable children encounter in a cluster foster home. The research study concluded that children face physical, emotional and psychological challenges. The research also examined the effects of these physical, social and emotional challenges on the wellbeing and welfare of these orphans and vulnerable children. According to the research study, most children in the cluster home faced a number of social, emotional and psychological wellbeing which affect normal development. The research focused on investigating the kind of support that is offered by community members to such orphans and vulnerable children. According to the findings, children are provided with emotional support, financial, social and educational. The study findings revealed that there is much support provided by the community. The last objective which is the fourth one is aimed at examining services that are offered by social service practitioners in the care of orphans and vulnerable children in cluster foster care. The study findings managed to document that social workers are very much instrumental in the welfare of children. This is because they are involved in identifying the child in need of care and protection as stipulated in the Children’s Act 38 of 2005, they do placements of children in cluster homes, monitoring and also identifying suitable caregivers who are able to provide proper nurturance to children. Psychologists are also instrumental in providing counselling to these children. They help those children that are traumatized, orphaned, abandoned and those that are having adaptation challenges as well as attachment challenges. The study utilized a qualitative method in order for the researcher to understand the challenges faced by orphans and vulnerable children. Purposive sampling which is non- probability was used with both in-depth interview as well as focus group discussion. The researcher purposely selected those people who are relevant in providing the relevant information for the research. The study utilized an in-depth interview guide as well as focus group discussion to gather information from respondents. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014-06
Christian teaching and learning methodologies on the social life of children: a case study of the children's ministry of the church of Central Africa Presbyterian, Blantyre Synod, Malawi
- Authors: Mulele, Dennis Kanthunkako
- Date: 2014-05
- Subjects: Sociology, Biblical , Christian sociology , Religious aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26470 , vital:65420
- Description: The escalation of antisocial behaviour among Christian children of the CCAP Blantyre Synod is a major threat for the future of the church community and the nation of Malawi, at large. This upsurge is a growing concern among Christian parents especially during this century. Through research interviews that were conducted with Christian adults, this dissertation seeks to establish the causes of antisocial behaviour among the Christian children of the CCAP Blantyre Synod. This dissertation also aims to find out whether the Christian teaching and learning methods used by Blantyre Synod are effective in addressing the escalation of antisocial behaviour. This study also analyses the challenges faced by Blantyre Synod and the effects on Christian children. A multi-method research strategy included a qualitative research approach and case study. Data were collected from multiple sources in 8 congregations of the CCAP, Blantyre Synod. Documentary evidence; guided interviews with participants in the CCAP Blantyre Synod and questionnaires were used. The interviews were conducted with Christian parents, church leaders and Sunday school teachers. Some of these interviews were recorded. This research explores the factors that influence the escalation of antisocial behaviour and the effects on Christian children. This research revealed that the escalation of antisocial behaviour arises because of a lack of parental modeling, use of technology and globalization, poverty, lack of understanding human rights, environment in which a Christian child lives, lack of well trained Sundays school teachers, westernization practices, peer grouping and political influences. The study concludes that the utilization of Christian teaching and learning methodologies on the social life of children in CCAP, Blantyre Synod will help in the fight against antisocial behaviour and close the gaps that facilitate the escalation of antisocial behaviour. Therefore the use of effective Christian teaching and learning methodologies provide an opportunity to tailor policies to be used in Christian teaching and learning of Christian children. , Thesis (MTh) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014-05
- Authors: Mulele, Dennis Kanthunkako
- Date: 2014-05
- Subjects: Sociology, Biblical , Christian sociology , Religious aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26470 , vital:65420
- Description: The escalation of antisocial behaviour among Christian children of the CCAP Blantyre Synod is a major threat for the future of the church community and the nation of Malawi, at large. This upsurge is a growing concern among Christian parents especially during this century. Through research interviews that were conducted with Christian adults, this dissertation seeks to establish the causes of antisocial behaviour among the Christian children of the CCAP Blantyre Synod. This dissertation also aims to find out whether the Christian teaching and learning methods used by Blantyre Synod are effective in addressing the escalation of antisocial behaviour. This study also analyses the challenges faced by Blantyre Synod and the effects on Christian children. A multi-method research strategy included a qualitative research approach and case study. Data were collected from multiple sources in 8 congregations of the CCAP, Blantyre Synod. Documentary evidence; guided interviews with participants in the CCAP Blantyre Synod and questionnaires were used. The interviews were conducted with Christian parents, church leaders and Sunday school teachers. Some of these interviews were recorded. This research explores the factors that influence the escalation of antisocial behaviour and the effects on Christian children. This research revealed that the escalation of antisocial behaviour arises because of a lack of parental modeling, use of technology and globalization, poverty, lack of understanding human rights, environment in which a Christian child lives, lack of well trained Sundays school teachers, westernization practices, peer grouping and political influences. The study concludes that the utilization of Christian teaching and learning methodologies on the social life of children in CCAP, Blantyre Synod will help in the fight against antisocial behaviour and close the gaps that facilitate the escalation of antisocial behaviour. Therefore the use of effective Christian teaching and learning methodologies provide an opportunity to tailor policies to be used in Christian teaching and learning of Christian children. , Thesis (MTh) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014-05
A Study of grade 3 teachers' practices of developing learners' comprehension skills when teaching reading of isiXhosa in one selected junior primary school at Mdatsane in the Eastern cape: a case study
- Authors: Filita, Mandisa
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Reading comprehension , Xhosa language , Teachers -- Training of -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26448 , vital:65318
- Description: The problem of reading in South African schools has attracted the growing attention of researchers in South Africa and the entire world. Learners’ inability to read isiXhosa with understanding has become of major concern to the teachers, parents and the DoE. The root of the problem has been identified as the ineffective teaching of reading of isiXhosa in the schools, which result in learners’ consequent inability to independently apply comprehension skills to learn from reading across the curriculum. Furthermore, systemic barriers that exist in the education system seem to be another reason for learners’ reading problems in isiXhosa. Also there is the problem of the inadequately trained teachers in the home language of learners (isiXhosa) as they seemingly lack capacity to develop learners’ literacy to effective levels. In addition, many learners come from deprived print environments where texts are seldom part of their daily experience. The main aim of this study was to interrogate the practices undertaken by teachers in trying to develop comprehension skills of learners when reading in isiXhosa and the value they attach to reading generally and to the reading of isiXhosa in particular. The support teachers get from relevant stakeholders was also considered. The overall approach used was a qualitative approach. The study was structured according to the case study mode of enquiry, using the interpretive paradigm. The sampling used was purposive as I purposefully selected grade 3 teachers, as grade 3 is an exit grade in foundation phase. Furthermore, convenience sampling was also used for easy access, as the research site was the school where I work. The instruments used for data collection were semi-structured interviews and observations that were conducted in one junior primary school in a township context with four grade 3 teachers. It was found that as much as teachers’ practices have a contributing effect on learners’ inability to read isiXhosa with understanding, there are also various other factors which multiply the problem. The study reveals the following main findings: Firstly, the teachers believe that reading is a very important skill that needs to be developed with learners as all other learning is based on it. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Filita, Mandisa
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Reading comprehension , Xhosa language , Teachers -- Training of -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26448 , vital:65318
- Description: The problem of reading in South African schools has attracted the growing attention of researchers in South Africa and the entire world. Learners’ inability to read isiXhosa with understanding has become of major concern to the teachers, parents and the DoE. The root of the problem has been identified as the ineffective teaching of reading of isiXhosa in the schools, which result in learners’ consequent inability to independently apply comprehension skills to learn from reading across the curriculum. Furthermore, systemic barriers that exist in the education system seem to be another reason for learners’ reading problems in isiXhosa. Also there is the problem of the inadequately trained teachers in the home language of learners (isiXhosa) as they seemingly lack capacity to develop learners’ literacy to effective levels. In addition, many learners come from deprived print environments where texts are seldom part of their daily experience. The main aim of this study was to interrogate the practices undertaken by teachers in trying to develop comprehension skills of learners when reading in isiXhosa and the value they attach to reading generally and to the reading of isiXhosa in particular. The support teachers get from relevant stakeholders was also considered. The overall approach used was a qualitative approach. The study was structured according to the case study mode of enquiry, using the interpretive paradigm. The sampling used was purposive as I purposefully selected grade 3 teachers, as grade 3 is an exit grade in foundation phase. Furthermore, convenience sampling was also used for easy access, as the research site was the school where I work. The instruments used for data collection were semi-structured interviews and observations that were conducted in one junior primary school in a township context with four grade 3 teachers. It was found that as much as teachers’ practices have a contributing effect on learners’ inability to read isiXhosa with understanding, there are also various other factors which multiply the problem. The study reveals the following main findings: Firstly, the teachers believe that reading is a very important skill that needs to be developed with learners as all other learning is based on it. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Challenges facing teachers in implementing alternative measures of discipline in schools: a case study of five secondary schools in the Umzimkhulu circuit of the Sisonke District in Kwazulu-Natal
- Authors: Zulu, Xolani Wycliff
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: School discipline , Secondary schools , Sisonke District -- Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/2393 , vital:41455
- Description: This dissertation is a report on a study that was conducted in rural schools of the Sisonke District in KwaZulu-Natal, a province of South Africa. The study covered the challenges experienced by teachers in implementing the alternative measures of discipline. The study was conducted because the researcher was the head of the disciplinary committee in the school where he was employed and he often dealt with disciplinary problems which usually occurred between the teachers, learners and SMTs. It was important to know from other schools, what problems they faced in implementing the alternative measures of discipline. The study used a qualitative research design in the form of a case study. Purposive sampling was used. The sample comprised 15 SMT members, and 20 post level 1 teachers, and the total number of participants was 35. Data was collected through observations which were followed by interviews. Qualitative methods were used to analyse data. This involved reduction and interpretation of data collected. The findings of the study highlighted the role that could be played by SMTs, teachers, parents, and the Department of Education in the smooth running of the school in dealing with the misunderstandings of alternative measures of discipline and so advance an effective work ethos. The study also illuminated the issue of negligence on the part of SMTs in enforcing the implementation of the alternative measures of discipline. There was a great need for school teachers to be well versed in the general legislation of the Department of Education so as to align themselves with the correct rules and regulations when they deal with disciplinary problems. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Humanities, Educational Management and Policy, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Zulu, Xolani Wycliff
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: School discipline , Secondary schools , Sisonke District -- Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/2393 , vital:41455
- Description: This dissertation is a report on a study that was conducted in rural schools of the Sisonke District in KwaZulu-Natal, a province of South Africa. The study covered the challenges experienced by teachers in implementing the alternative measures of discipline. The study was conducted because the researcher was the head of the disciplinary committee in the school where he was employed and he often dealt with disciplinary problems which usually occurred between the teachers, learners and SMTs. It was important to know from other schools, what problems they faced in implementing the alternative measures of discipline. The study used a qualitative research design in the form of a case study. Purposive sampling was used. The sample comprised 15 SMT members, and 20 post level 1 teachers, and the total number of participants was 35. Data was collected through observations which were followed by interviews. Qualitative methods were used to analyse data. This involved reduction and interpretation of data collected. The findings of the study highlighted the role that could be played by SMTs, teachers, parents, and the Department of Education in the smooth running of the school in dealing with the misunderstandings of alternative measures of discipline and so advance an effective work ethos. The study also illuminated the issue of negligence on the part of SMTs in enforcing the implementation of the alternative measures of discipline. There was a great need for school teachers to be well versed in the general legislation of the Department of Education so as to align themselves with the correct rules and regulations when they deal with disciplinary problems. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Humanities, Educational Management and Policy, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Determinants of managers' attitudes toward employing people with disabilities in small and medium enterprises in Nkonkobe Municipality
- Ntunzi, Bulelwa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1068-3672
- Authors: Ntunzi, Bulelwa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1068-3672
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Discrimination against people with disabilities--South Africa , Discrimination in employment--South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24857 , vital:63662
- Description: In regard to employment, people with disabilities are discriminated. Unfavourable employer attitudes result in discrimination toward people with disabilities. Entering and progressing in employment create a sense of independency, responsibility and build the self-esteem of people with disabilities. This study sought to determine the influence of individualism-collectivism and demographic factors (age, gender, and level of education) of managers’ attitudes toward employing people with disabilities in small and medium enterprises in Nkonkobe Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province. The social and medical model of disability provided a framework for understanding the literature on attitudes toward people with disabilities. Data was collected from 110 respondents in small and medium enterprises using two scales (Individualism-collectivism Scale and Employer Attitudes toward People with Disabilities Scale). Independent t-tests were used to test each of the hypotheses in the study and ANOVA was used for comparisons among variables. No significant differences found in attitudes on individualistic and collectivistic oriented managers toward employing people with disabilities. In addition, no significant differences in attitudes of managers over age, gender and level of education toward employing people with disabilities in small and medium enterprises. People with disabilities can be a benefit to the organisations since their skills and talents can help the organisations to remain stable in the competitive global environment. , Thesis (MCom (IPS)) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Ntunzi, Bulelwa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1068-3672
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Discrimination against people with disabilities--South Africa , Discrimination in employment--South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24857 , vital:63662
- Description: In regard to employment, people with disabilities are discriminated. Unfavourable employer attitudes result in discrimination toward people with disabilities. Entering and progressing in employment create a sense of independency, responsibility and build the self-esteem of people with disabilities. This study sought to determine the influence of individualism-collectivism and demographic factors (age, gender, and level of education) of managers’ attitudes toward employing people with disabilities in small and medium enterprises in Nkonkobe Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province. The social and medical model of disability provided a framework for understanding the literature on attitudes toward people with disabilities. Data was collected from 110 respondents in small and medium enterprises using two scales (Individualism-collectivism Scale and Employer Attitudes toward People with Disabilities Scale). Independent t-tests were used to test each of the hypotheses in the study and ANOVA was used for comparisons among variables. No significant differences found in attitudes on individualistic and collectivistic oriented managers toward employing people with disabilities. In addition, no significant differences in attitudes of managers over age, gender and level of education toward employing people with disabilities in small and medium enterprises. People with disabilities can be a benefit to the organisations since their skills and talents can help the organisations to remain stable in the competitive global environment. , Thesis (MCom (IPS)) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Formulation, development and assessment of efavirenz-loaded lipid nanocarriers
- Authors: Makoni, Pedzisai Anotida
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Nanomedicine , Drug delivery systems , Antiretroviral agents Psychotropic effects , AIDS dementia complex
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/209981 , vital:47448
- Description: The feasibility of incorporating efavirenz (EFV) into innovative solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) using the hot high-pressure homogenization (HHPH) technique was investigated in an attempt to address the shortcomings in therapy associated with the use of conventional dosage forms. The shortcomings include the unpalatable taste of API in solution, instability in the presence of light when in solution and psychiatric side effects of the API. In particular, sustained release approaches may reduce or limit the incidence of adverse psychiatric effects of EFV and alleviate Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)-related complications such as AIDS Dementia Complex (ADC) in patients, ultimately improving their quality of life. Prior to initiating pre-formulation, formulation development and optimization studies of EFV-loaded SLN and/or NLC, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in conjunction with central composite design (CCD), was used to develop and validate suitable methods for the quantitative determination of EFV in pharmaceutical formulations and for monitoring EFV release from SLN and/or NLC in vitro. Simple, accurate, precise, sensitive and stabilityindicating reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) methods with UV and electrochemical (EC) detection were developed, validated and optimized for in vitro analysis of EFV in formulations. On the basis of risk-to-benefit ratio the RP-HPLC method with UV detection was selected as the most suitable for the quantitative determination of EFV in pharmaceutical formulations, and was applied to in vitro release studies of EFV from SLN and/or NLC. Pre-formulation studies were undertaken to investigate the thermal stability of EFV so as to facilitate the selection of lipid excipients for the manufacture of nanocarriers, and to establish their compatibility with EFV. It was found that EFV was thermostable up to a temperature of approximately 200°C, indicating that HHPH could be used for the manufacture of EFV-loaded SLN and/or NLC. Lipid screening revealed that EFV is highly soluble in solid and liquid lipids, with glyceryl monostearate and Transcutol® HP showing the best solubilizing potential for EFV. Glyceryl monostearate exists in a stable β-modification prior to exposure to heat, but exists in the α-polymorphic modification following exposure to heat. It was established that the addition of Transcutol® HP to glyceryl monostearate revealed the co-existence of the α- and β’-polymorphic modifications, thereby revealing the existence of the modifications in NLC produced from the optimum lipid combination. Furthermore, an investigation of binary mixtures of EFV/glyceryl monostearate and glyceryl monostearate/Transcutol® HP, in addition to eutectic mixtures of EFV, glyceryl monostearate and Transcutol® HP, revealed no interaction between EFV and the lipids selected for the production of the nanocarriers. Due to the significantly higher solubility of EFV in Transcutol® HP than in to glyceryl monostearate, NLC are most likely to have a higher LC and EE than SLN. In addition, the existence of both the α- and β’-polymorphic modifications in the binary mixture of the lipid implies that EFV expulsion on prolonged storage is unlikely to occur from NLC when compared to SLN. Consequently formulation development and optimization studies of SLN and NLC were performed to investigate the potential to deliver EFV from a novel technology with an appropriate LC and EE for EFV. Tween®80 was selected for use in these formulations as the use of this surfactant facilitates the targeting of nanocarriers to the CNS. RSM in conjunction with a Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was used to establish the effects of process variables, such as number of homogenization cycles and pressure, in addition to formulation variables such as amount of EFV and Tween®80 on the particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), visual assessment (VA) and release rate (RR) of EFV after 24 hours. In addition the LC and EE, degree of crystallinity and lipid modification, shape and surface morphology of the optimized batches were investigated to ensure that EFV-loaded SLN and NLC of desirable quality were produced. On the day of manufacture the mean PS and PDI of EFV-loaded SLN was 59.00 ± 23.16 nm and 0.382 ± 0.054 respectively. The mean PS and PDI of EFV-loaded NLC was 34.73 ± 0.7709 nm and 0.394 ± 0.027 respectively. The formulations were in the nanometer range and exhibited a narrow particle size distribution, as indicated by the PDI values. The ZP values for optimized SLN and NLC generated on the day of manufacture using HPLC grade water as the dispersion medium were -32.5 ± 4.99 mV and -22.4 ± 3.72 mV respectively. In addition the optimized batches of SLN and NLC revealed a decrease in crystallinity in comparison to bulk lipid material. DSC, WAXS and FT-IR revealed that EFV was molecularly dispersed in the nanocarriers. In addition EFV-loaded SLN existed in a single α-polymorphic form, whereas EFV-loaded NLC exhibited the co-existence of α- and β’-polymorphic forms. Generally SLN and NLC were spherically shaped when viewed under transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). On the day of manufacture the EE and LC of EFVloaded SLN was found to be 96.77 ± 0.453 % and 9.68 ± 1.772 % respectively. The EE and LC of EFV-loaded NLC was 99.93 ± 0.413 and 9.995 ± 0.672 respectively. The release profiles for the optimized formulations of SLN and NLC exhibited an initial burst release over the first 0-3 hours of testing, after which the release was sustained for up to 24 hours. The cumulative % EFV released over 24 hours was higher from SLN (91.5±3.423 %) than that observed for NLC (73.6±4.34 %). Stability studies performed for 8 weeks on the optimized batches of the SLN and the NLC were also conducted so as to ensure product quality. The formulations were assessed in terms of parameters considered benchmarks of stability, and included ZP, PS, PDI, LC and EE. Generally these parameters remained unchanged following storage for 8 weeks at 25°C/60% RH but showed considerable changes following storage for 8 weeks at 40°C/75% RH. These studies reveal that SLN and NLC when stored at 25°C/60% RH have the potential to be used as colloidal delivery systems for EFV that have the potential to protect EFV from photodegradation and sustain release into brain tissue. The latter will ultimately reduce or limit the incidence of adverse psychiatric effects and potentially alleviate AIDS-related complications such as ADC in patients with HIV/AIDS, ultimately improving their quality of life. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacy, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Makoni, Pedzisai Anotida
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Nanomedicine , Drug delivery systems , Antiretroviral agents Psychotropic effects , AIDS dementia complex
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/209981 , vital:47448
- Description: The feasibility of incorporating efavirenz (EFV) into innovative solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) using the hot high-pressure homogenization (HHPH) technique was investigated in an attempt to address the shortcomings in therapy associated with the use of conventional dosage forms. The shortcomings include the unpalatable taste of API in solution, instability in the presence of light when in solution and psychiatric side effects of the API. In particular, sustained release approaches may reduce or limit the incidence of adverse psychiatric effects of EFV and alleviate Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)-related complications such as AIDS Dementia Complex (ADC) in patients, ultimately improving their quality of life. Prior to initiating pre-formulation, formulation development and optimization studies of EFV-loaded SLN and/or NLC, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in conjunction with central composite design (CCD), was used to develop and validate suitable methods for the quantitative determination of EFV in pharmaceutical formulations and for monitoring EFV release from SLN and/or NLC in vitro. Simple, accurate, precise, sensitive and stabilityindicating reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) methods with UV and electrochemical (EC) detection were developed, validated and optimized for in vitro analysis of EFV in formulations. On the basis of risk-to-benefit ratio the RP-HPLC method with UV detection was selected as the most suitable for the quantitative determination of EFV in pharmaceutical formulations, and was applied to in vitro release studies of EFV from SLN and/or NLC. Pre-formulation studies were undertaken to investigate the thermal stability of EFV so as to facilitate the selection of lipid excipients for the manufacture of nanocarriers, and to establish their compatibility with EFV. It was found that EFV was thermostable up to a temperature of approximately 200°C, indicating that HHPH could be used for the manufacture of EFV-loaded SLN and/or NLC. Lipid screening revealed that EFV is highly soluble in solid and liquid lipids, with glyceryl monostearate and Transcutol® HP showing the best solubilizing potential for EFV. Glyceryl monostearate exists in a stable β-modification prior to exposure to heat, but exists in the α-polymorphic modification following exposure to heat. It was established that the addition of Transcutol® HP to glyceryl monostearate revealed the co-existence of the α- and β’-polymorphic modifications, thereby revealing the existence of the modifications in NLC produced from the optimum lipid combination. Furthermore, an investigation of binary mixtures of EFV/glyceryl monostearate and glyceryl monostearate/Transcutol® HP, in addition to eutectic mixtures of EFV, glyceryl monostearate and Transcutol® HP, revealed no interaction between EFV and the lipids selected for the production of the nanocarriers. Due to the significantly higher solubility of EFV in Transcutol® HP than in to glyceryl monostearate, NLC are most likely to have a higher LC and EE than SLN. In addition, the existence of both the α- and β’-polymorphic modifications in the binary mixture of the lipid implies that EFV expulsion on prolonged storage is unlikely to occur from NLC when compared to SLN. Consequently formulation development and optimization studies of SLN and NLC were performed to investigate the potential to deliver EFV from a novel technology with an appropriate LC and EE for EFV. Tween®80 was selected for use in these formulations as the use of this surfactant facilitates the targeting of nanocarriers to the CNS. RSM in conjunction with a Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was used to establish the effects of process variables, such as number of homogenization cycles and pressure, in addition to formulation variables such as amount of EFV and Tween®80 on the particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), visual assessment (VA) and release rate (RR) of EFV after 24 hours. In addition the LC and EE, degree of crystallinity and lipid modification, shape and surface morphology of the optimized batches were investigated to ensure that EFV-loaded SLN and NLC of desirable quality were produced. On the day of manufacture the mean PS and PDI of EFV-loaded SLN was 59.00 ± 23.16 nm and 0.382 ± 0.054 respectively. The mean PS and PDI of EFV-loaded NLC was 34.73 ± 0.7709 nm and 0.394 ± 0.027 respectively. The formulations were in the nanometer range and exhibited a narrow particle size distribution, as indicated by the PDI values. The ZP values for optimized SLN and NLC generated on the day of manufacture using HPLC grade water as the dispersion medium were -32.5 ± 4.99 mV and -22.4 ± 3.72 mV respectively. In addition the optimized batches of SLN and NLC revealed a decrease in crystallinity in comparison to bulk lipid material. DSC, WAXS and FT-IR revealed that EFV was molecularly dispersed in the nanocarriers. In addition EFV-loaded SLN existed in a single α-polymorphic form, whereas EFV-loaded NLC exhibited the co-existence of α- and β’-polymorphic forms. Generally SLN and NLC were spherically shaped when viewed under transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). On the day of manufacture the EE and LC of EFVloaded SLN was found to be 96.77 ± 0.453 % and 9.68 ± 1.772 % respectively. The EE and LC of EFV-loaded NLC was 99.93 ± 0.413 and 9.995 ± 0.672 respectively. The release profiles for the optimized formulations of SLN and NLC exhibited an initial burst release over the first 0-3 hours of testing, after which the release was sustained for up to 24 hours. The cumulative % EFV released over 24 hours was higher from SLN (91.5±3.423 %) than that observed for NLC (73.6±4.34 %). Stability studies performed for 8 weeks on the optimized batches of the SLN and the NLC were also conducted so as to ensure product quality. The formulations were assessed in terms of parameters considered benchmarks of stability, and included ZP, PS, PDI, LC and EE. Generally these parameters remained unchanged following storage for 8 weeks at 25°C/60% RH but showed considerable changes following storage for 8 weeks at 40°C/75% RH. These studies reveal that SLN and NLC when stored at 25°C/60% RH have the potential to be used as colloidal delivery systems for EFV that have the potential to protect EFV from photodegradation and sustain release into brain tissue. The latter will ultimately reduce or limit the incidence of adverse psychiatric effects and potentially alleviate AIDS-related complications such as ADC in patients with HIV/AIDS, ultimately improving their quality of life. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacy, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Social entrepreneurship and employment creation in Zimbabwe: a case of Guruve rural district
- Authors: Munetsi, Rumbidzai
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Social entrepreneurship -- Zimbabwe , Labor market -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26426 , vital:65307
- Description: In the last decade or so, social entrepreneurship has received a growing interest amongst researchers. Social entrepreneurship is the process of pursuing innovative solutions to social problems. The MDGs have formed the basis of commitment of the world leaders to reduce extreme poverty. As a result, the goals recognize specific development priorities across a very broad range such as poverty and education. They address targets such as increasing incomes; reduce hunger and achieving universal education. With the adoption of the ESAP in Zimbabwe, the government withdrew its support in the key areas of poverty reduction such as social services, education and agricultural inputs. This led to the destruction of livelihoods, marginalization of the poor and unemployment. Additionally, the government adopted the land reform programme in 2000. The programme affected the commercial farming and traditional source of exports which was a provider of 400 000 jobs for rural communities. The land reform precipitated the economic and subsequent social crisis in the country. Agricultural production was disrupted. The decline in the agricultural sector is correlated to the poverty levels in rural areas. The incidences of poverty are more pronounced in rural areas than urban areas. Poverty incidences are multi-faceted through various dimensions such as income levels, education and employment. Hence, the question is what can be done to address rural poverty? It is against this background that this study is determined to evaluate the impact of social entrepreneurship and poverty reduction in rural communities. Therefore the theoretical framework guiding this study is neo-liberalism theory, basic needs and sustainable livelihoods approach. , Thesis (MSoc Dev) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Munetsi, Rumbidzai
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Social entrepreneurship -- Zimbabwe , Labor market -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26426 , vital:65307
- Description: In the last decade or so, social entrepreneurship has received a growing interest amongst researchers. Social entrepreneurship is the process of pursuing innovative solutions to social problems. The MDGs have formed the basis of commitment of the world leaders to reduce extreme poverty. As a result, the goals recognize specific development priorities across a very broad range such as poverty and education. They address targets such as increasing incomes; reduce hunger and achieving universal education. With the adoption of the ESAP in Zimbabwe, the government withdrew its support in the key areas of poverty reduction such as social services, education and agricultural inputs. This led to the destruction of livelihoods, marginalization of the poor and unemployment. Additionally, the government adopted the land reform programme in 2000. The programme affected the commercial farming and traditional source of exports which was a provider of 400 000 jobs for rural communities. The land reform precipitated the economic and subsequent social crisis in the country. Agricultural production was disrupted. The decline in the agricultural sector is correlated to the poverty levels in rural areas. The incidences of poverty are more pronounced in rural areas than urban areas. Poverty incidences are multi-faceted through various dimensions such as income levels, education and employment. Hence, the question is what can be done to address rural poverty? It is against this background that this study is determined to evaluate the impact of social entrepreneurship and poverty reduction in rural communities. Therefore the theoretical framework guiding this study is neo-liberalism theory, basic needs and sustainable livelihoods approach. , Thesis (MSoc Dev) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Synthesis, characterization & comparative evaluation of photo-catalytic & antimicrobial activity of Ag2O and TiO2 immobilized on nanofibres for treatment
- Authors: Gxumisa, Xoliswa
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Pollution http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85104530 , Titanium dioxide http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85135627 , Photocatalysis http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh93001301
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19545 , vital:43138
- Description: Water is a very essential substance for the existence of organisms and the environment where it functions as a transport medium for valuable chemicals, minerals, nutrients and also as a reaction medium. However, the remarkable water properties are not just limited to the dissolution of biological valuable substances, but also to harmful entities during pollution. This has led to research in the improvement and development of new techniques for water treatment. In this study, titanium dioxide (TiO2) and silver oxide (Ag2O) were prepared using the sol gel process and precipitation method respectively. The TiO2 was doped using a sol gel process with carbon and nitrogen so as to reduce the band gap. TiO2/Ag2O, N-TiO2/Ag2O and C-TiO2/Ag2O composites were also prepared using a precipitation method. The average particle size of prepared TiO2, C-TiO2, N-TiO2, Ag2O, TiO2/Ag2O, N-TiO2/Ag2O and CTiO2/Ag2O was found to be 13nm, 7nm, 10nm, 23nm, 28nm, 24nm and 21nm respectively as measured by TEM analysis. The photo-catalysts, Ag2O and TiO2 and their composites were immobilized on stabilized nanofibres using the electrospinning process to allow subsequent separation and reconciliation of the photo-catalyst after use in water treatment. The photocatalytic and antimicrobial activities of photo-catalysts were also evaluated using water contaminated with phenol red dye and Escherichia coli. The prepared materials were characterized by XRD, TEM, HRSEM, DRS, EDX, FT-IR, and TGA. Carbon was found to be more effective as a dopant than nitrogen. It reduced the band gap by 0.4 while nitrogen doping showed a reduction in band gap of 0.2 compared to undoped titanium dioxide. The doped TiO2 exhibited higher photo-catalytic and antimicrobial activity than the undoped TiO2. Introduction of Ag2O allowed utilization of visible light by the TiO2- Ag2O nano-composite leading to an improved rate of photo-degradation of phenol red and inactivation of E coli. Photo-catalytic properties showed that carbon doped materials have a higher photo-catalytic activity than nitrogen doped materials, while for antimicrobial v properties it is vice-versa. The immobilization of photo-catalysts on support material made it less effective towards the degradation of phenol red. The rate of photo-oxidation of phenol red was three times faster using powder TiO2 compared to immobilized TiO2. Therefore, this study suggests that photo-catalysis can be used as an effective method for water disinfection and production of potable and pathogen free drinking water even though better methods of immobilization should be sought. , Thesis (MSc) (Chemistry) -- University of Fort Hare, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Gxumisa, Xoliswa
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Pollution http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85104530 , Titanium dioxide http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85135627 , Photocatalysis http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh93001301
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19545 , vital:43138
- Description: Water is a very essential substance for the existence of organisms and the environment where it functions as a transport medium for valuable chemicals, minerals, nutrients and also as a reaction medium. However, the remarkable water properties are not just limited to the dissolution of biological valuable substances, but also to harmful entities during pollution. This has led to research in the improvement and development of new techniques for water treatment. In this study, titanium dioxide (TiO2) and silver oxide (Ag2O) were prepared using the sol gel process and precipitation method respectively. The TiO2 was doped using a sol gel process with carbon and nitrogen so as to reduce the band gap. TiO2/Ag2O, N-TiO2/Ag2O and C-TiO2/Ag2O composites were also prepared using a precipitation method. The average particle size of prepared TiO2, C-TiO2, N-TiO2, Ag2O, TiO2/Ag2O, N-TiO2/Ag2O and CTiO2/Ag2O was found to be 13nm, 7nm, 10nm, 23nm, 28nm, 24nm and 21nm respectively as measured by TEM analysis. The photo-catalysts, Ag2O and TiO2 and their composites were immobilized on stabilized nanofibres using the electrospinning process to allow subsequent separation and reconciliation of the photo-catalyst after use in water treatment. The photocatalytic and antimicrobial activities of photo-catalysts were also evaluated using water contaminated with phenol red dye and Escherichia coli. The prepared materials were characterized by XRD, TEM, HRSEM, DRS, EDX, FT-IR, and TGA. Carbon was found to be more effective as a dopant than nitrogen. It reduced the band gap by 0.4 while nitrogen doping showed a reduction in band gap of 0.2 compared to undoped titanium dioxide. The doped TiO2 exhibited higher photo-catalytic and antimicrobial activity than the undoped TiO2. Introduction of Ag2O allowed utilization of visible light by the TiO2- Ag2O nano-composite leading to an improved rate of photo-degradation of phenol red and inactivation of E coli. Photo-catalytic properties showed that carbon doped materials have a higher photo-catalytic activity than nitrogen doped materials, while for antimicrobial v properties it is vice-versa. The immobilization of photo-catalysts on support material made it less effective towards the degradation of phenol red. The rate of photo-oxidation of phenol red was three times faster using powder TiO2 compared to immobilized TiO2. Therefore, this study suggests that photo-catalysis can be used as an effective method for water disinfection and production of potable and pathogen free drinking water even though better methods of immobilization should be sought. , Thesis (MSc) (Chemistry) -- University of Fort Hare, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
The effects of extracellular and intracellular Hop on cell migration processes
- Authors: Contu, Lara
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Heat shock proteins , Metastasis , Cancer Chemotherapy , Molecular chaperones , Cell migration
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/193961 , vital:45410
- Description: The Hsp70/Hsp90-organising protein (Hop) is a 60 kDa co-chaperone that acts as an adaptor molecule, facilitating the transfer of client proteins between the Hsp70 and Hsp90 chaperone systems. Hop functions both intracellularly and extracellularly and has been implicated in many processes involved in cancer progression, including cell migration and invasion. Little is known about the mechanisms or domains by which extracellular Hop functions. In addition, little is known about the effects of Hop on signalling molecules involved in cell migration and invasion through regulation of actin dynamics. It was hypothesised that both extracellular and intracellular pools of Hop would regulate distinct cell migration processes by activation of cell signalling pathways or direct interactions with signalling intermediates. HS578T cells were treated with recombinant full length and truncated murine Hop proteins (overexpressed and purified in this study) to determine the effects of extracellular Hop and the independent domains on cell migration processes. Additionally, RNA interference (RNAi) techniques were used to determine the effect of Hop knockdown on cell migration related signalling intermediates and cell morphologies. A short hairpin RNA (shRNA) system for the stable knockdown of Hop was developed and used for a number of these studies. Treatment of HS578T cells with the TPR2A2B and TPR1 domains of Hop resulted in a significant decrease in cell migration and caused changes in the actin cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix proteins, gelatin and fibronectin. RhoC immunoprecipitated in a common complex with Hop and Hsp90. Hop knockdown reduced levels of actin and total RhoC, as well as active RhoC. In addition, knockdown of Hop resulted in a reduced migratory phenotype. We interpreted these data to indicate that intracellular Hop played a role in cell migration through regulation of RhoC activity, either through a direct interaction between Hop and RhoC, or an indirect interaction of RhoC with the Hsp90 multichaperone heterocomplex. Taken together, the data suggested that extracellular and intracellular Hop played distinct roles in extracellular and intracellular processes that lead to actin dynamics and cell migration. Understanding the mechanistic role of Hop in these processes is essential as it would aid in assessing the viability of Hop as a potential drug target for the treatment of metastatic cancers. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Contu, Lara
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Heat shock proteins , Metastasis , Cancer Chemotherapy , Molecular chaperones , Cell migration
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/193961 , vital:45410
- Description: The Hsp70/Hsp90-organising protein (Hop) is a 60 kDa co-chaperone that acts as an adaptor molecule, facilitating the transfer of client proteins between the Hsp70 and Hsp90 chaperone systems. Hop functions both intracellularly and extracellularly and has been implicated in many processes involved in cancer progression, including cell migration and invasion. Little is known about the mechanisms or domains by which extracellular Hop functions. In addition, little is known about the effects of Hop on signalling molecules involved in cell migration and invasion through regulation of actin dynamics. It was hypothesised that both extracellular and intracellular pools of Hop would regulate distinct cell migration processes by activation of cell signalling pathways or direct interactions with signalling intermediates. HS578T cells were treated with recombinant full length and truncated murine Hop proteins (overexpressed and purified in this study) to determine the effects of extracellular Hop and the independent domains on cell migration processes. Additionally, RNA interference (RNAi) techniques were used to determine the effect of Hop knockdown on cell migration related signalling intermediates and cell morphologies. A short hairpin RNA (shRNA) system for the stable knockdown of Hop was developed and used for a number of these studies. Treatment of HS578T cells with the TPR2A2B and TPR1 domains of Hop resulted in a significant decrease in cell migration and caused changes in the actin cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix proteins, gelatin and fibronectin. RhoC immunoprecipitated in a common complex with Hop and Hsp90. Hop knockdown reduced levels of actin and total RhoC, as well as active RhoC. In addition, knockdown of Hop resulted in a reduced migratory phenotype. We interpreted these data to indicate that intracellular Hop played a role in cell migration through regulation of RhoC activity, either through a direct interaction between Hop and RhoC, or an indirect interaction of RhoC with the Hsp90 multichaperone heterocomplex. Taken together, the data suggested that extracellular and intracellular Hop played distinct roles in extracellular and intracellular processes that lead to actin dynamics and cell migration. Understanding the mechanistic role of Hop in these processes is essential as it would aid in assessing the viability of Hop as a potential drug target for the treatment of metastatic cancers. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
The role of decent rural employment in counteracting food insecurity in Bindura rural district, Zimbabwe
- Authors: Chimberengwa, Patronella
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Poverty -- Prevention , Food security , Food relief
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26324 , vital:65238
- Description: Despite many initiatives that are being implemented by the governments of different nations and the international community to minimize hunger and poverty in rural areas, several households continue to suffer from food insecurity. The World Food Programme (WFP) and the government in Zimbabwe are providing food aid to approximately 1.6 million people across the 37 districts in the country. Measures have been undertaken to counter food insecurity in Zimbabwe but to no avail. Food related public policies such as donor aid and government subsidies have also been unworkable for such a long time. In this study a comprehensive analysis of the role of decent rural employment in counteracting food insecurity will be provided. The study also seeks to assess how humanitarian work psychologists can work together with various stakeholders in society so as to curb household food insecurity. The Study population included all the households in Bindura rural district in Zimbabwe. Both quantitative and qualitative research designs were used. The researcher used cluster sampling procedure in which households were divided into groups (clusters) and a sample of the groups was selected. A random sample was then drawn from the elements within each selected group. The results confirmed that those that are not decently employed face a broad range of decent work deficits, exploitation at work and are food insecure, a finding that is similar to other countries. Thus, the researcher concluded that Decent Rural employment do have an impact on food security. Taking a look at the basic tenets of decent employment such as full time employment, a decent income, reasonable working hours and employee benefits among others, the results showed that they all impact on food security. The information obtained will be fundamental for communities at risk and dealing with the issue may help improve food insecurity situation in the country. This information will also help in formulating special measures in the form of tailor made strategies specifically made for the district and helps in doing away with what is called a one size fits all approach to food security as it pays particular attention to the households in that particular district. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Chimberengwa, Patronella
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Poverty -- Prevention , Food security , Food relief
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26324 , vital:65238
- Description: Despite many initiatives that are being implemented by the governments of different nations and the international community to minimize hunger and poverty in rural areas, several households continue to suffer from food insecurity. The World Food Programme (WFP) and the government in Zimbabwe are providing food aid to approximately 1.6 million people across the 37 districts in the country. Measures have been undertaken to counter food insecurity in Zimbabwe but to no avail. Food related public policies such as donor aid and government subsidies have also been unworkable for such a long time. In this study a comprehensive analysis of the role of decent rural employment in counteracting food insecurity will be provided. The study also seeks to assess how humanitarian work psychologists can work together with various stakeholders in society so as to curb household food insecurity. The Study population included all the households in Bindura rural district in Zimbabwe. Both quantitative and qualitative research designs were used. The researcher used cluster sampling procedure in which households were divided into groups (clusters) and a sample of the groups was selected. A random sample was then drawn from the elements within each selected group. The results confirmed that those that are not decently employed face a broad range of decent work deficits, exploitation at work and are food insecure, a finding that is similar to other countries. Thus, the researcher concluded that Decent Rural employment do have an impact on food security. Taking a look at the basic tenets of decent employment such as full time employment, a decent income, reasonable working hours and employee benefits among others, the results showed that they all impact on food security. The information obtained will be fundamental for communities at risk and dealing with the issue may help improve food insecurity situation in the country. This information will also help in formulating special measures in the form of tailor made strategies specifically made for the district and helps in doing away with what is called a one size fits all approach to food security as it pays particular attention to the households in that particular district. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
The role of records management in the sustainability of small micro medium enterprises (SMMEs) in the Eastern Cape, South Africa: a study of Alice and Fort Beaufort
- Ajibade, Patrick https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8608-8378
- Authors: Ajibade, Patrick https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8608-8378
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Knowledge management , Small business
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25259 , vital:64122
- Description: The study sought to investigate the role of records management in the sustainability of the Small Micro, Medium enterprises (SMMEs) in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa with focus on Alice and Fort Beaufort towns. The objectives of the study were to identify the types of records that are kept by SMMEs; evaluate the infrastructure for the SMMEs records management; determine the compliance of SMMEs with the existing RM legal and regulatory requirements; and identify the challenges related to SMMEs records practices. Twenty three (23) respondents from SMMEs were interviewed. Findings revealed all the respondents could not confirm adoption of any systemic way of records management to support business functions and operations. Majority of the SMMEs due to their inability to maintain records could not identify potential benefit of business RM with an exception of three SMMEs. The respondents were not aware of any compliance and regulatory framework most especially on business records management. The challenges facing SMMEs include; inability to capture/create maintain, preserve business records systematically in its lifecycle. The SMMEs lack needed training especially in records management to allow them the benefit of maintaining business records. It is recommended that SMMEs should acquire skill that would enable them manage their business records that may help improved decision making. There should be legislative and regulatory framework that ensures compliance. And assistance should be rendered to train SMMEs on basic RM skills that could improve their business operations. , Thesis (MLIS) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Ajibade, Patrick https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8608-8378
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Knowledge management , Small business
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25259 , vital:64122
- Description: The study sought to investigate the role of records management in the sustainability of the Small Micro, Medium enterprises (SMMEs) in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa with focus on Alice and Fort Beaufort towns. The objectives of the study were to identify the types of records that are kept by SMMEs; evaluate the infrastructure for the SMMEs records management; determine the compliance of SMMEs with the existing RM legal and regulatory requirements; and identify the challenges related to SMMEs records practices. Twenty three (23) respondents from SMMEs were interviewed. Findings revealed all the respondents could not confirm adoption of any systemic way of records management to support business functions and operations. Majority of the SMMEs due to their inability to maintain records could not identify potential benefit of business RM with an exception of three SMMEs. The respondents were not aware of any compliance and regulatory framework most especially on business records management. The challenges facing SMMEs include; inability to capture/create maintain, preserve business records systematically in its lifecycle. The SMMEs lack needed training especially in records management to allow them the benefit of maintaining business records. It is recommended that SMMEs should acquire skill that would enable them manage their business records that may help improved decision making. There should be legislative and regulatory framework that ensures compliance. And assistance should be rendered to train SMMEs on basic RM skills that could improve their business operations. , Thesis (MLIS) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
'Underground' hip hop and rock music scenes in East London: exploring identity and authenticity, c1994 - 2010
- Mtshemla, Sinazo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4057-5637
- Authors: Mtshemla, Sinazo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4057-5637
- Date: 2014-01
- Subjects: Identity (Philosophical concept) , Rap (Music)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25195 , vital:63993
- Description: This study explores how through music discourses and representations of identity and authenticity are articulated through a reading of hip hop and rock music scenes in post-apartheid East London. I have read through interviews, spaces where performances occur and material culture associated with the artists, of musicians moving between ideas of resistance to the mainstream as well as conforming in their representations of identity. The tensions aroused by these underground music scenes in my study ran between resistance and conforming narratives in relation to how musicians express how they make sense of identity and authenticity in the changing post-apartheid landscape. Therefore the complex readings of identity derived from the study showed how contradictory music allows one to be. Further the study found that the assertions about race, ethnicity and identity were often more subtle and contradictory at times, which warranted one to pay closer attention to these music scenes. Inasmuch as musicians attempted to move out of the mainstream by placing themselves in an alternative positioning, they remained limited to ‘authentic’ articulations of identity, where race remained either ‘invisibly’ white or problematically ‘native’ as centres of authentic representation. Moreover the study was able to show the anxieties and tensions around citizenship, identity and belonging. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014-01
- Authors: Mtshemla, Sinazo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4057-5637
- Date: 2014-01
- Subjects: Identity (Philosophical concept) , Rap (Music)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25195 , vital:63993
- Description: This study explores how through music discourses and representations of identity and authenticity are articulated through a reading of hip hop and rock music scenes in post-apartheid East London. I have read through interviews, spaces where performances occur and material culture associated with the artists, of musicians moving between ideas of resistance to the mainstream as well as conforming in their representations of identity. The tensions aroused by these underground music scenes in my study ran between resistance and conforming narratives in relation to how musicians express how they make sense of identity and authenticity in the changing post-apartheid landscape. Therefore the complex readings of identity derived from the study showed how contradictory music allows one to be. Further the study found that the assertions about race, ethnicity and identity were often more subtle and contradictory at times, which warranted one to pay closer attention to these music scenes. Inasmuch as musicians attempted to move out of the mainstream by placing themselves in an alternative positioning, they remained limited to ‘authentic’ articulations of identity, where race remained either ‘invisibly’ white or problematically ‘native’ as centres of authentic representation. Moreover the study was able to show the anxieties and tensions around citizenship, identity and belonging. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014-01
A pastoral-theological approach to teenage pregnancy of the church of Central Africa Presbyterian, Blantyre Synod in Malawi
- Authors: Stephens, Chaplain N
- Date: 2014-01
- Subjects: Teenage pregnancy
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26403 , vital:65302
- Description: Unwanted teenage pregnancy is one of the ongoing challenges affecting society. This issue affects the unborn child, the teenage mother, the family and the wider society. It is a problem of both the developed and developing countries. Thirty six per cent of girls in Malawi become mothers before twenty years. Among other factors that contribute to teenage pregnancy are curiosity, pressure from peers, economic survival, coercion and cultural practices. The aim of the study was to establish a pastoral-theological approach to teenage pregnancy in the C.C.A.P Blantyre Synod, in Malawi.- The study revealed that teenage mothers are faced with many challenges such as lack of financial, social and spiritual support. They also curtail their education and although some do return to school, many do not. Teenage mothers are regarded as outcasts by society and the church and as such they feel stigmatized. The stigma has in some cases ensued in unsafe abortion. Although the church disciplines the teenage mothers for falling pregnant out-of-wedlock the responsible man is left free. The following five major themes emerged from the data: Social factors, social problems, economic problems and social and spiritual support. Nine focus groups with parents of teenage mothers were conducted. Twenty (Official church elders and counsellors) were interviewed in the three Presbyteries of Thyolo Highlands, Blantyre North and Blantyre City. , Thesis (MTh) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014-01
- Authors: Stephens, Chaplain N
- Date: 2014-01
- Subjects: Teenage pregnancy
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26403 , vital:65302
- Description: Unwanted teenage pregnancy is one of the ongoing challenges affecting society. This issue affects the unborn child, the teenage mother, the family and the wider society. It is a problem of both the developed and developing countries. Thirty six per cent of girls in Malawi become mothers before twenty years. Among other factors that contribute to teenage pregnancy are curiosity, pressure from peers, economic survival, coercion and cultural practices. The aim of the study was to establish a pastoral-theological approach to teenage pregnancy in the C.C.A.P Blantyre Synod, in Malawi.- The study revealed that teenage mothers are faced with many challenges such as lack of financial, social and spiritual support. They also curtail their education and although some do return to school, many do not. Teenage mothers are regarded as outcasts by society and the church and as such they feel stigmatized. The stigma has in some cases ensued in unsafe abortion. Although the church disciplines the teenage mothers for falling pregnant out-of-wedlock the responsible man is left free. The following five major themes emerged from the data: Social factors, social problems, economic problems and social and spiritual support. Nine focus groups with parents of teenage mothers were conducted. Twenty (Official church elders and counsellors) were interviewed in the three Presbyteries of Thyolo Highlands, Blantyre North and Blantyre City. , Thesis (MTh) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014-01
Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of xanthate metal complexes
- Authors: Casa, Sandisiwe
- Date: 2014-01
- Subjects: Metal complexes , Ligands
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24250 , vital:62594
- Description: Ni(II), Ag(I), Cu(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes of xanthate were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, UV‒Vis, FTIR, conductivity measurements, decomposition temperatures, and Pd(II), Pt(II) complexes and the xanthate ligands were further characterized by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Conductivity measurements displayed that the complexes are non‒electrolytes in solution with conductivity values in the range 0.05 ‒ 18.30 μS. Generally all the xanthate ligands are soluble in water and the complexes are insoluble both in non-polar solvents except polar coordinating solvents such as DMSO and DMF. The xanthate complexes are formulated as four coordinate (tetrahedral or square planar), and six coordinate (octahedral) compounds. However, in each of the complexes xanthate acted as bidentate ligand through the two sulfur atoms. The geometries around the metal ions are completed by triphenylphosphine. The ligands and complexes were screened against two bacterial isolates to determine their antibacterial activities. Antibacterial activity of the synthesized metal complexes shows a generally increased activity in comparison with that of their respective free ligands. At a lower concentration some of the complexes did not show any activity, a good number of complexes however showed activity at a higher concentration of 40 mg/ml. The degree of activity varies with metals. Silver complex have been observed to show the highest activity of MIC value of 1.25 mg/mL with regards to antibacterial strength, although it varies with different ligands. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014-01
- Authors: Casa, Sandisiwe
- Date: 2014-01
- Subjects: Metal complexes , Ligands
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24250 , vital:62594
- Description: Ni(II), Ag(I), Cu(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes of xanthate were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, UV‒Vis, FTIR, conductivity measurements, decomposition temperatures, and Pd(II), Pt(II) complexes and the xanthate ligands were further characterized by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Conductivity measurements displayed that the complexes are non‒electrolytes in solution with conductivity values in the range 0.05 ‒ 18.30 μS. Generally all the xanthate ligands are soluble in water and the complexes are insoluble both in non-polar solvents except polar coordinating solvents such as DMSO and DMF. The xanthate complexes are formulated as four coordinate (tetrahedral or square planar), and six coordinate (octahedral) compounds. However, in each of the complexes xanthate acted as bidentate ligand through the two sulfur atoms. The geometries around the metal ions are completed by triphenylphosphine. The ligands and complexes were screened against two bacterial isolates to determine their antibacterial activities. Antibacterial activity of the synthesized metal complexes shows a generally increased activity in comparison with that of their respective free ligands. At a lower concentration some of the complexes did not show any activity, a good number of complexes however showed activity at a higher concentration of 40 mg/ml. The degree of activity varies with metals. Silver complex have been observed to show the highest activity of MIC value of 1.25 mg/mL with regards to antibacterial strength, although it varies with different ligands. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014-01
School feeding programmes in Chimutu, Malawi: opportunities, benefits and challenges
- Authors: Yasin, Janerose
- Date: 2013-12
- Subjects: School children , Children -- Nutrition , Food relief
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27462 , vital:67330
- Description: Developing countries have the highest dropout as well as non enrollment rates among primary school pupils. However there are efforts to reverse the situation through interventions like school feeding programme to improve schooling outcomes. The aim of this study was specifically to find out the details of why school participation is still a problem among primary school children despite provision of food in primary school. This was achieved through discussions on community members’ participation, benefits and challenges of the school feeding programme. Data collected from key informants and community members using in-depth interviews revealed the benefits and challenges as well as perceptions on community participation. Data was collected from 46 respondents of whom 14 were key informants from government and NGO implementers and 32 community members who are benefiting from the intervention in the area of Traditional Authority Chimutu in Lilongwe District, Malawi. The study found out that although school feeding programme is beneficial through provision of at least a meal a day, it is not meeting some of its objectives. In summary the findings revealed community members acknowledgement that the school feeding programme encourages school attendance and high pupil enrolment. However, the findings revealed that meal provision in school can neither prevent school dropout nor malnutrition due to challenges like inconsistency in feeding frequency, porridge purchase expenses and monitoring and evaluation inadequacies. It was also found that community participation in the school feeding programme does not go beyond porridge preparation. Overall, the study revealed the need for community members involvement at all levels in the feeding programme to achieve sustainable development because the community members are key in identifying and addressing their livelihood challenges. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2013
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013-12
- Authors: Yasin, Janerose
- Date: 2013-12
- Subjects: School children , Children -- Nutrition , Food relief
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27462 , vital:67330
- Description: Developing countries have the highest dropout as well as non enrollment rates among primary school pupils. However there are efforts to reverse the situation through interventions like school feeding programme to improve schooling outcomes. The aim of this study was specifically to find out the details of why school participation is still a problem among primary school children despite provision of food in primary school. This was achieved through discussions on community members’ participation, benefits and challenges of the school feeding programme. Data collected from key informants and community members using in-depth interviews revealed the benefits and challenges as well as perceptions on community participation. Data was collected from 46 respondents of whom 14 were key informants from government and NGO implementers and 32 community members who are benefiting from the intervention in the area of Traditional Authority Chimutu in Lilongwe District, Malawi. The study found out that although school feeding programme is beneficial through provision of at least a meal a day, it is not meeting some of its objectives. In summary the findings revealed community members acknowledgement that the school feeding programme encourages school attendance and high pupil enrolment. However, the findings revealed that meal provision in school can neither prevent school dropout nor malnutrition due to challenges like inconsistency in feeding frequency, porridge purchase expenses and monitoring and evaluation inadequacies. It was also found that community participation in the school feeding programme does not go beyond porridge preparation. Overall, the study revealed the need for community members involvement at all levels in the feeding programme to achieve sustainable development because the community members are key in identifying and addressing their livelihood challenges. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2013
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013-12