Infant observation : the first year of life
- Authors: Gering, Jeanne
- Date: 2013-10-02
- Subjects: Infant psychology Parent and infant Interpersonal communication in infants Mother and infant
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3196 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009451
- Description: This research project is about infant-observation, that is looking at, observing, and studying parent-infant interactions and relationships within the first year of life. The principle intention of the study is to illustrate and shed light upon human infant development and how the newborn becomes a fully functioning member within the family. The study provides a context in which to consider parent-infant interaction beginning in utero, expanding to the birthing process, and continuing through the infant's first year. It focuses on specific themes of parent-infant interaction. The following situations are explored: the role of the mother; the mother as a container; the infant's experience of containment; the internalisation of experience; the symbolic meaning of food; dealing with distress and the development of concrete communication; the growth of a sense of ego; and, the infant's internal world. The study concludes by addressing various implications for further psychotherapy and compares the therapist-client relationship to the mother-infant relationship. The research outlines one particular psychoanalytic theoretical orientation of mental and emotional development. It is a model derived predominantly from The Developmental School Theorists and Object Relations Theorists, namely, Bowlby, Klein, Mahler and Winnicott. This model looks at the infant's earliest relationships and the processes these set up within the infant's developing mind. Infant observation, asa research method proposed by Bick and Sidoli, links method and theory, and serves as the methodological approach utilised in the present study. A video, based on the parent-infant interaction of three families, provides observational data and may be viewed in conjunction with this research. , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Authors: Gering, Jeanne
- Date: 2013-10-02
- Subjects: Infant psychology Parent and infant Interpersonal communication in infants Mother and infant
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3196 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009451
- Description: This research project is about infant-observation, that is looking at, observing, and studying parent-infant interactions and relationships within the first year of life. The principle intention of the study is to illustrate and shed light upon human infant development and how the newborn becomes a fully functioning member within the family. The study provides a context in which to consider parent-infant interaction beginning in utero, expanding to the birthing process, and continuing through the infant's first year. It focuses on specific themes of parent-infant interaction. The following situations are explored: the role of the mother; the mother as a container; the infant's experience of containment; the internalisation of experience; the symbolic meaning of food; dealing with distress and the development of concrete communication; the growth of a sense of ego; and, the infant's internal world. The study concludes by addressing various implications for further psychotherapy and compares the therapist-client relationship to the mother-infant relationship. The research outlines one particular psychoanalytic theoretical orientation of mental and emotional development. It is a model derived predominantly from The Developmental School Theorists and Object Relations Theorists, namely, Bowlby, Klein, Mahler and Winnicott. This model looks at the infant's earliest relationships and the processes these set up within the infant's developing mind. Infant observation, asa research method proposed by Bick and Sidoli, links method and theory, and serves as the methodological approach utilised in the present study. A video, based on the parent-infant interaction of three families, provides observational data and may be viewed in conjunction with this research. , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
"Re-thinking" the Great Trek: a study of the nature and development of the Boer community in the Ohrigstad/Lydenburg area, 1845-1877
- Authors: Erasmus, Diderick Justin
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: South Africa -- History -- Great Trek, 1836-1840 , Afrikaners , Afrikaners -- South Africa -- Transvaal -- History
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2541 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002393 , South Africa -- History -- Great Trek, 1836-1840 , Afrikaners , Afrikaners -- South Africa -- Transvaal -- History
- Description: From the late 1830s Boer settlers conquered and settled vast new lands outside the Cape Colony. Although they more than doubled the area of European domination, historians have categorised Boer society outside the British colonies as primitive and dismissed the Boer conquests as an abberation from the broader process of European expansion. Such a distinction is no longer tenable. This study, which focuses on the Obrigstad/Lydenburg area, shows that the Boers were an integral part of European expansion in southern Africa. Settler expansion did not occur in a vacuum. Booming demand for commodities sparked economic growth across the sub-continent; the Boers were part of this process and consistently strove to produce for the region's expanding markets. In tandem with the expanding regional system, the Boer economy grew constantly. This was reflected in the centralisation of power in the Z.A.R. as Boer producers created formal political and administrative structures to further their economic interests. (A parallel process culminated in the Cape with colonists receiving representative government in March 1853.) This correlation between political and economic development was evident in the creation of a coercive labour system by the Boer state. Through their control of state structures, the Boers employed measures ranging from brute force to punitive taxation, legally enforceable contracts and pass laws to procure and control workers. It is important to note that the creation of a coercive labour system by the Boers paralleled similar developments in the Cape Colony. The speed with which the Boer economy expanded in comparison to the Cape, however, meant that stages in the development of an unfree labour force which had been chronologically distinct in the Cape coexisted within the Boer coercive system. Boer dependence on coerced labour made conflict with African groups inevitable. African groups in the eastern Transvaal had already been partly moulded by predatory economic forces emanating from the Portuguese settlements on the east coast since at least the 1750s. The arrival of the Boers in the 1840s greatly accelerated this process. Some groups were crushed, but others were able to obtain the means to resist Boer rule by interfacing with the settler economy. The economic forces which drove Boer settlement were thus not confined to the white settlers: Boer expansion was paralleled by the rise of African survivor states. The Dlamini, for example, built the powerful Swazi state by exchanging captives, ivory and cattle for guns and horses. Similarly, the Pedi, through the large scale expon of migrant labour, were able to acquire the means to challenge Boer authority in the late 1870s. Oearly then, the Boers 'Were not only representative of the wider settler social and economic order, but were acting in response to the same circumstances as the British settlers, Portuguese traders and African survivor states. It is thus impossible to continue to classify them as retrogressive and distinct from other groups in the region.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: Erasmus, Diderick Justin
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: South Africa -- History -- Great Trek, 1836-1840 , Afrikaners , Afrikaners -- South Africa -- Transvaal -- History
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2541 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002393 , South Africa -- History -- Great Trek, 1836-1840 , Afrikaners , Afrikaners -- South Africa -- Transvaal -- History
- Description: From the late 1830s Boer settlers conquered and settled vast new lands outside the Cape Colony. Although they more than doubled the area of European domination, historians have categorised Boer society outside the British colonies as primitive and dismissed the Boer conquests as an abberation from the broader process of European expansion. Such a distinction is no longer tenable. This study, which focuses on the Obrigstad/Lydenburg area, shows that the Boers were an integral part of European expansion in southern Africa. Settler expansion did not occur in a vacuum. Booming demand for commodities sparked economic growth across the sub-continent; the Boers were part of this process and consistently strove to produce for the region's expanding markets. In tandem with the expanding regional system, the Boer economy grew constantly. This was reflected in the centralisation of power in the Z.A.R. as Boer producers created formal political and administrative structures to further their economic interests. (A parallel process culminated in the Cape with colonists receiving representative government in March 1853.) This correlation between political and economic development was evident in the creation of a coercive labour system by the Boer state. Through their control of state structures, the Boers employed measures ranging from brute force to punitive taxation, legally enforceable contracts and pass laws to procure and control workers. It is important to note that the creation of a coercive labour system by the Boers paralleled similar developments in the Cape Colony. The speed with which the Boer economy expanded in comparison to the Cape, however, meant that stages in the development of an unfree labour force which had been chronologically distinct in the Cape coexisted within the Boer coercive system. Boer dependence on coerced labour made conflict with African groups inevitable. African groups in the eastern Transvaal had already been partly moulded by predatory economic forces emanating from the Portuguese settlements on the east coast since at least the 1750s. The arrival of the Boers in the 1840s greatly accelerated this process. Some groups were crushed, but others were able to obtain the means to resist Boer rule by interfacing with the settler economy. The economic forces which drove Boer settlement were thus not confined to the white settlers: Boer expansion was paralleled by the rise of African survivor states. The Dlamini, for example, built the powerful Swazi state by exchanging captives, ivory and cattle for guns and horses. Similarly, the Pedi, through the large scale expon of migrant labour, were able to acquire the means to challenge Boer authority in the late 1870s. Oearly then, the Boers 'Were not only representative of the wider settler social and economic order, but were acting in response to the same circumstances as the British settlers, Portuguese traders and African survivor states. It is thus impossible to continue to classify them as retrogressive and distinct from other groups in the region.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
A case for geography in South African senior primary schools: an analysis and evaluation of current geographical thinking and practice
- Authors: Taylor, Simon Michael
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Geography -- Study and teaching (Elementary) -- South Africa -- Evaluation Geography teachers -- South Africa -- Attitudes Geography -- Study and teaching (Elementary) -- Curricula -- Comparative studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1428 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003309
- Description: Geography faces several challenges in a changing South Africa. These include the challenge to initiate a primary curriculum that helps to provide a foundation for sustainable living in a society that faces serious problems of unemployment, violence, irreparable damage to the environment and the lack of housing, water and basic services for the majority of the population. This thesis attempts to provide a case for geography in the primary school by examining the value of the subject for pupils' development and by reviewing the strengths and weaknesses of an integrated approach in view of the possible introduction of an integrated primary curriculum in South Africa. The second aspect of the study is concerned with a survey of teachers in the Natal Education Department to evaluate the perceived value of geography as a subject and support for geography as a discrete subject. The main thrust of geography in the primary school is to develop concepts, skills, values and attitudes that allow pupils to be more understanding and caring about the local and global environment, about people, communities, species and the natural environment on which we all depend. The results of the survey reveal that teachers support geography as a discrete subject with an intra-curriculum approach. The introduction of an integrated core curriculum in South Africa would prove problematic as teachers are not in favour of an integrated approach across the curriculum. The lack of teacher support in Kenya for an integrated curriculum was one of the main reasons for its failure. Hopefully South Africa will learn from other countries experiences with introducing an integrated curriculum. Teachers value the role of geography in the education of the child and suggest the introduction of environmental and development themes to make the subject more relevant to children's lives. The syllabus analysis revealed that a unified pnmary curriculum is required which is influenced by the needs of society in South Africa. Recommendations are made regarding ideas for a future primary curriculum.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: Taylor, Simon Michael
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Geography -- Study and teaching (Elementary) -- South Africa -- Evaluation Geography teachers -- South Africa -- Attitudes Geography -- Study and teaching (Elementary) -- Curricula -- Comparative studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1428 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003309
- Description: Geography faces several challenges in a changing South Africa. These include the challenge to initiate a primary curriculum that helps to provide a foundation for sustainable living in a society that faces serious problems of unemployment, violence, irreparable damage to the environment and the lack of housing, water and basic services for the majority of the population. This thesis attempts to provide a case for geography in the primary school by examining the value of the subject for pupils' development and by reviewing the strengths and weaknesses of an integrated approach in view of the possible introduction of an integrated primary curriculum in South Africa. The second aspect of the study is concerned with a survey of teachers in the Natal Education Department to evaluate the perceived value of geography as a subject and support for geography as a discrete subject. The main thrust of geography in the primary school is to develop concepts, skills, values and attitudes that allow pupils to be more understanding and caring about the local and global environment, about people, communities, species and the natural environment on which we all depend. The results of the survey reveal that teachers support geography as a discrete subject with an intra-curriculum approach. The introduction of an integrated core curriculum in South Africa would prove problematic as teachers are not in favour of an integrated approach across the curriculum. The lack of teacher support in Kenya for an integrated curriculum was one of the main reasons for its failure. Hopefully South Africa will learn from other countries experiences with introducing an integrated curriculum. Teachers value the role of geography in the education of the child and suggest the introduction of environmental and development themes to make the subject more relevant to children's lives. The syllabus analysis revealed that a unified pnmary curriculum is required which is influenced by the needs of society in South Africa. Recommendations are made regarding ideas for a future primary curriculum.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
A case study of oral linguistic error-treatment in second language classrooms where English is the medium of instruction
- Authors: Mntambo, Nomawabo
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Second language acquisition Language and languages -- Study and teaching English language -- Errors of usage
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1439 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003320
- Description: One of the issues that have been debated at length in second language acquisition research circles is that of error-feedback and its desirability. Although there is as yet no conclusive evidence concerning its effectiveness in contributing towards the acquisition of a second language, a number of studies that have been conducted bear evidence to its desirability in L2 classrooms. This research then, was concerned with the way teachers of content subjects reacted to their learners' linguistically erroneous responses during oral interaction in their classes. The participants were four teachers who, with their pupils, are second language speakers of English . Three of these were content subject teachers while the fourth one teaches English. The data was collected from a class of Std 5 pupils in a rural school in the Eastern Cape where the lessons of these teachers were observed and audio-taped. Subsequently some of them were transcribed and analysed. The analysis of the data revealed that teachers in content subject classes, who teach through the medium of English showed more concern for content than for linguistic errors despite the fact that they are expected to extend the pupils' chances of second language acquisition.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: Mntambo, Nomawabo
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Second language acquisition Language and languages -- Study and teaching English language -- Errors of usage
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1439 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003320
- Description: One of the issues that have been debated at length in second language acquisition research circles is that of error-feedback and its desirability. Although there is as yet no conclusive evidence concerning its effectiveness in contributing towards the acquisition of a second language, a number of studies that have been conducted bear evidence to its desirability in L2 classrooms. This research then, was concerned with the way teachers of content subjects reacted to their learners' linguistically erroneous responses during oral interaction in their classes. The participants were four teachers who, with their pupils, are second language speakers of English . Three of these were content subject teachers while the fourth one teaches English. The data was collected from a class of Std 5 pupils in a rural school in the Eastern Cape where the lessons of these teachers were observed and audio-taped. Subsequently some of them were transcribed and analysed. The analysis of the data revealed that teachers in content subject classes, who teach through the medium of English showed more concern for content than for linguistic errors despite the fact that they are expected to extend the pupils' chances of second language acquisition.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
A comparative study of L1 and EFL reading abilities amongst junior primary students using different reading schemes in black schools
- Authors: Duncan, Kenneth Foster
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Black people -- Education (Primary) -- South Africa , English language -- Study and teaching (Primary) -- Foreign speakers -- South Africa , Native language and education , Reading (Primary) -- South Africa , Molteno Project
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2346 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002628 , Black people -- Education (Primary) -- South Africa , English language -- Study and teaching (Primary) -- Foreign speakers -- South Africa , Native language and education , Reading (Primary) -- South Africa , Molteno Project
- Description: This thesis examines the development of children's reading skills, in both the mother tongue and English as a foreign language, during their first four years of school. It is an attempt to enter the reading world of very young learners in underdeveloped, mainly rural communities in search of practical insights into the teaching of reading in the junior primary classroom. The research focuses specifically on two approaches to reading instruction. The first is the approach traditionally used in black South African schools, characterised by teacher-centredness and rote-recall techniques. The second is a more progressive and communicative approach encapsulated in the language courses of the Molteno Project. Both approaches, and their theoretical underpinnings, are described in some detail. The context of language-in-education policy in South Africa is also reviewed. The research then tests the hypothesis that a communicative approach to reading pedagogy produces measurably better results in pupils than more traditional methods. The research explores the use of quantitative methods of evaluation, giving justification for their use, and examines the practicability of standardised EFL tests at junior primary level. Existing tests are evaluated and found wanting. The process of developing and administering original hybrid-communicative tests is described. The results of these, which were administered over four years to a total of some 6 000 pupils across the first four years of school, are assessed. Implications for testers, teachers, educational administrators and educational NGOs are extrapolated.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: Duncan, Kenneth Foster
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Black people -- Education (Primary) -- South Africa , English language -- Study and teaching (Primary) -- Foreign speakers -- South Africa , Native language and education , Reading (Primary) -- South Africa , Molteno Project
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2346 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002628 , Black people -- Education (Primary) -- South Africa , English language -- Study and teaching (Primary) -- Foreign speakers -- South Africa , Native language and education , Reading (Primary) -- South Africa , Molteno Project
- Description: This thesis examines the development of children's reading skills, in both the mother tongue and English as a foreign language, during their first four years of school. It is an attempt to enter the reading world of very young learners in underdeveloped, mainly rural communities in search of practical insights into the teaching of reading in the junior primary classroom. The research focuses specifically on two approaches to reading instruction. The first is the approach traditionally used in black South African schools, characterised by teacher-centredness and rote-recall techniques. The second is a more progressive and communicative approach encapsulated in the language courses of the Molteno Project. Both approaches, and their theoretical underpinnings, are described in some detail. The context of language-in-education policy in South Africa is also reviewed. The research then tests the hypothesis that a communicative approach to reading pedagogy produces measurably better results in pupils than more traditional methods. The research explores the use of quantitative methods of evaluation, giving justification for their use, and examines the practicability of standardised EFL tests at junior primary level. Existing tests are evaluated and found wanting. The process of developing and administering original hybrid-communicative tests is described. The results of these, which were administered over four years to a total of some 6 000 pupils across the first four years of school, are assessed. Implications for testers, teachers, educational administrators and educational NGOs are extrapolated.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
A comparison of the reproductive strategies of key species of a prograding dune system in the Mlalazi Nature Reserve, Natal
- Authors: Todd, Colleen Barbara
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Sand dune plants -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal -- Mlalazi Nature Reserve , Sand dune plants Comparative studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4231 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003800 , Sand dune plants -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal -- Mlalazi Nature Reserve , Sand dune plants Comparative studies
- Description: The succession on the dunes of the Mlalazi Nature Reserve represents a classical example of primary succession. The reproductive strategies of eight key species were compared to determine some of the mechanisms affecting the community dynamics, at the population level, in the early stages of succession. There is a temporal separation in the flowering and fruiting phenologies. Passerina rigida, Stipagrostis zeyheri and Imperata cylindrica produced small seeds with a low fruit/seed mass ratio within a short cycle. The seeds are suitable for wind-dispersal. The animal-dispersed species; Eugenia capensis, Mimusops caffra and Scaevola plumieri, produced large fleshy seeds with a high fruit/seed mass ratio within cycles of six months and more. Chrysanthemoides monilifera, also an animal-dispersed species, produced a large quantity of small fleshy seeds throughout the year. The fern, Microsorium scolopendrium produced spores throughout the year. The staggered fruiting and flowering phenology ensures a year-round availability of fruit in the dunefield. The key species formed less than half of the species composition of the soil seed bank. The size and range of the soil seed bank differed between the species. P. rigida and S. plumieri formed a high proportion of the seeds in the soil with a wide distribution along the successional gradient. The other species had low soil seed densities with short distribution ranges, or were not present. P. rigida and S. plumieri are easily dispersed species, whereas the other species may have a more restricted and clumped distribution due to the effect of foragers. A high density of P. rigida and E. capensis seeds were found under the parent trees. Only seeds of P. rigida and S. zeyheri were found in the soil in the open. Seeds of P. rigida, S. zeyheri, E. capensis and M. caffra were found under the canopies of P. rigida, E. capensis and M. caffra. No seeds of C. monilifera and I. cylindrica were found in the soil, possibly due to predation. The period of the study (September 1991 to November 1992) was in a dry or drought cycle with only 56.8% of the mean annual rainfall falling. Seed germination and seedling survival of all the species were affected by these dry, warm climatic conditions. The species had seedling densities of less than 4 seeds/m². The environmental conditions along the successional gradient also had an effect on seed germination and seedling survival. Environmental factors of soil pH, light intensity and surface soil temperatures were higher in the open than under canopy. Soil pH and the understorey cover decreased as the light intensity decreased from under the canopy of P. rigida to M. caffra . Litter cover and plant height increased. E. capensis had measurements intermediate to the two species, but had higher surface soil temperatures and plant height than P. rigida. Seedlings of P. rigida in the open and under the canopy of the parent plants had died by the end of the monitoring period. 50% of the seedlings of S. zeyheri under the canopy of P. rigida and M. caffra died. The mortality rate of the seedlings of E. capensis was lower under M. caffra than under the parent plants. I. cylindrica may be propagated vegetatively. However, the mortality of the propagules was greater under the canopy of E. capensis than under P. rigida. M. caffra only germinated under the canopy of E. capensis with a 100% mortality of the seedlings. M. scolopendrium only produced propagules through vegetative propagation under the canopy of E. capensis and M. caffra. The mortality of the young ferns was less than 50% and less under M. caffra than under E. capensis. No seedlings of C. monilifera or S. plumieri were found. The seed distribution range, seed germination requirements and the effect of the environmental conditions on the germination of the seeds and seedling establishment of the species appear to important factors of the reproductive strategies regulating the size of the species populations along the successional gradient.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: Todd, Colleen Barbara
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Sand dune plants -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal -- Mlalazi Nature Reserve , Sand dune plants Comparative studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4231 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003800 , Sand dune plants -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal -- Mlalazi Nature Reserve , Sand dune plants Comparative studies
- Description: The succession on the dunes of the Mlalazi Nature Reserve represents a classical example of primary succession. The reproductive strategies of eight key species were compared to determine some of the mechanisms affecting the community dynamics, at the population level, in the early stages of succession. There is a temporal separation in the flowering and fruiting phenologies. Passerina rigida, Stipagrostis zeyheri and Imperata cylindrica produced small seeds with a low fruit/seed mass ratio within a short cycle. The seeds are suitable for wind-dispersal. The animal-dispersed species; Eugenia capensis, Mimusops caffra and Scaevola plumieri, produced large fleshy seeds with a high fruit/seed mass ratio within cycles of six months and more. Chrysanthemoides monilifera, also an animal-dispersed species, produced a large quantity of small fleshy seeds throughout the year. The fern, Microsorium scolopendrium produced spores throughout the year. The staggered fruiting and flowering phenology ensures a year-round availability of fruit in the dunefield. The key species formed less than half of the species composition of the soil seed bank. The size and range of the soil seed bank differed between the species. P. rigida and S. plumieri formed a high proportion of the seeds in the soil with a wide distribution along the successional gradient. The other species had low soil seed densities with short distribution ranges, or were not present. P. rigida and S. plumieri are easily dispersed species, whereas the other species may have a more restricted and clumped distribution due to the effect of foragers. A high density of P. rigida and E. capensis seeds were found under the parent trees. Only seeds of P. rigida and S. zeyheri were found in the soil in the open. Seeds of P. rigida, S. zeyheri, E. capensis and M. caffra were found under the canopies of P. rigida, E. capensis and M. caffra. No seeds of C. monilifera and I. cylindrica were found in the soil, possibly due to predation. The period of the study (September 1991 to November 1992) was in a dry or drought cycle with only 56.8% of the mean annual rainfall falling. Seed germination and seedling survival of all the species were affected by these dry, warm climatic conditions. The species had seedling densities of less than 4 seeds/m². The environmental conditions along the successional gradient also had an effect on seed germination and seedling survival. Environmental factors of soil pH, light intensity and surface soil temperatures were higher in the open than under canopy. Soil pH and the understorey cover decreased as the light intensity decreased from under the canopy of P. rigida to M. caffra . Litter cover and plant height increased. E. capensis had measurements intermediate to the two species, but had higher surface soil temperatures and plant height than P. rigida. Seedlings of P. rigida in the open and under the canopy of the parent plants had died by the end of the monitoring period. 50% of the seedlings of S. zeyheri under the canopy of P. rigida and M. caffra died. The mortality rate of the seedlings of E. capensis was lower under M. caffra than under the parent plants. I. cylindrica may be propagated vegetatively. However, the mortality of the propagules was greater under the canopy of E. capensis than under P. rigida. M. caffra only germinated under the canopy of E. capensis with a 100% mortality of the seedlings. M. scolopendrium only produced propagules through vegetative propagation under the canopy of E. capensis and M. caffra. The mortality of the young ferns was less than 50% and less under M. caffra than under E. capensis. No seedlings of C. monilifera or S. plumieri were found. The seed distribution range, seed germination requirements and the effect of the environmental conditions on the germination of the seeds and seedling establishment of the species appear to important factors of the reproductive strategies regulating the size of the species populations along the successional gradient.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
A critical analysis of the importance of oracy in the classroom, with particular reference to secondary schools in the Cape Education Department
- Authors: Malherbe, Neil
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Communication in education Verbal behavior Oral communication Discussion -- Study and teaching Classroom management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1474 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003355
- Description: In the past thirty years, oracy has received prominence as a means to enhance teaching styles and assist with learning. Much of what has been written in this field has been by those interested in a 'language across the curriculum' approach, such as Barnes (1969) who developed the terms 'exploratory talk' and 'final draft talk'. The linguist, M.A.K. Halliday {1989} and others have suggested that the teacher's approach should be to encourage what he terms 'heuristic talk' i.e. relatively unstructured exploratory language used by the pupils in talking towards an understanding of a concept. It is more evident in certain school subjects that pupils may have difficulty in understanding abstract or complex concepts. In this regard, English, mathematics and physical science were selected for the purpose of this study, as each has its own metalanguage, specific to that subject. It is presumed that some pupils may find difficulty in these subjects because of the subject-specific language inherent in each. This work explores whether a programme of increased oracy alleviates some of these problems and it makes recommendations for the implementation of such a programme. The period involved for the purpose of this study was five weeks, during which teachers of three selected classes presented lessons in such a way that oral work was stressed. At the completion of this programme, a test was written for comparison with past experiences. Pupils answered a comprehensive questionnaire and staff involved were interviewed; the results of this feedback, in conjunction with what has been written by others in this field, forms the basis for this work. The primary recommendation emerging from this and other studies is that a shift away from a teacher-/ and textbook-dominated approach is necessary. Pupils need to contextualise knowledge in their own terms. One important way of accomplishing this is by affording them theopportunity to interact orally with each other and with the teacher.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: Malherbe, Neil
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Communication in education Verbal behavior Oral communication Discussion -- Study and teaching Classroom management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1474 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003355
- Description: In the past thirty years, oracy has received prominence as a means to enhance teaching styles and assist with learning. Much of what has been written in this field has been by those interested in a 'language across the curriculum' approach, such as Barnes (1969) who developed the terms 'exploratory talk' and 'final draft talk'. The linguist, M.A.K. Halliday {1989} and others have suggested that the teacher's approach should be to encourage what he terms 'heuristic talk' i.e. relatively unstructured exploratory language used by the pupils in talking towards an understanding of a concept. It is more evident in certain school subjects that pupils may have difficulty in understanding abstract or complex concepts. In this regard, English, mathematics and physical science were selected for the purpose of this study, as each has its own metalanguage, specific to that subject. It is presumed that some pupils may find difficulty in these subjects because of the subject-specific language inherent in each. This work explores whether a programme of increased oracy alleviates some of these problems and it makes recommendations for the implementation of such a programme. The period involved for the purpose of this study was five weeks, during which teachers of three selected classes presented lessons in such a way that oral work was stressed. At the completion of this programme, a test was written for comparison with past experiences. Pupils answered a comprehensive questionnaire and staff involved were interviewed; the results of this feedback, in conjunction with what has been written by others in this field, forms the basis for this work. The primary recommendation emerging from this and other studies is that a shift away from a teacher-/ and textbook-dominated approach is necessary. Pupils need to contextualise knowledge in their own terms. One important way of accomplishing this is by affording them theopportunity to interact orally with each other and with the teacher.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
A study of atmospheric oscillations in the meteor region above Grahamstown
- Authors: Malinga, Sandile B
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Mesosphere , Thermosphere , Atmosphere, Upper -- South Africa -- Grahamstown , Meteorology -- Methodology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5490 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005276 , Mesosphere , Thermosphere , Atmosphere, Upper -- South Africa -- Grahamstown , Meteorology -- Methodology
- Description: The dynamics of the atmospheric meteor region have been studied using the data obtained with - - the Grahamstown (33°16'S, 26<>:30'E) meteor radar between the years 1987 and 1993 inclusive. Harmonic analysis and the maximum entropy method (MEM) , were used for the spectral characterization ofthe wind above Grahamstown. The prevailing wind, tidal (periods 12- and 24- h) and other (periods 8- and 6-h) oscillations were extracted from the data using the guidelines agreed upon by the A TMAP community. Above Grahamstown the zonal and meridional prevailing winds were found to be predominantly eastward and equatorward respectively. Tidal amplitudes are comparable to the magnitude of the prevailing wind vector, with the diurnal tide being stronger than the semidiurnal tide. The phase differences between ,the zonal and meridional components of the semidiurnal and diurnal tides are - 2 hand - 5 h respectively, which is in reasonable agreement with the corresponding expected values of3 hand 6 h. The tidal wind vectors are on average elliptically polarized with anticlockwise rotation. Longitudinal and day-to-day tidal variations were studied. From the longitudinal study, the semidiurnal tide was found to be dominated by migrating modes, while the diurnal tidal behaviour suggests the presence of nonmigrating modes with zonal wavenumber s = 4. Tides were found to be variable from day to day with little apparent correlation between the zonal and meridional components of the respective tides.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: Malinga, Sandile B
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Mesosphere , Thermosphere , Atmosphere, Upper -- South Africa -- Grahamstown , Meteorology -- Methodology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5490 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005276 , Mesosphere , Thermosphere , Atmosphere, Upper -- South Africa -- Grahamstown , Meteorology -- Methodology
- Description: The dynamics of the atmospheric meteor region have been studied using the data obtained with - - the Grahamstown (33°16'S, 26<>:30'E) meteor radar between the years 1987 and 1993 inclusive. Harmonic analysis and the maximum entropy method (MEM) , were used for the spectral characterization ofthe wind above Grahamstown. The prevailing wind, tidal (periods 12- and 24- h) and other (periods 8- and 6-h) oscillations were extracted from the data using the guidelines agreed upon by the A TMAP community. Above Grahamstown the zonal and meridional prevailing winds were found to be predominantly eastward and equatorward respectively. Tidal amplitudes are comparable to the magnitude of the prevailing wind vector, with the diurnal tide being stronger than the semidiurnal tide. The phase differences between ,the zonal and meridional components of the semidiurnal and diurnal tides are - 2 hand - 5 h respectively, which is in reasonable agreement with the corresponding expected values of3 hand 6 h. The tidal wind vectors are on average elliptically polarized with anticlockwise rotation. Longitudinal and day-to-day tidal variations were studied. From the longitudinal study, the semidiurnal tide was found to be dominated by migrating modes, while the diurnal tidal behaviour suggests the presence of nonmigrating modes with zonal wavenumber s = 4. Tides were found to be variable from day to day with little apparent correlation between the zonal and meridional components of the respective tides.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
A study of the personal literature written in the Eastern Cape in the nineteenth century
- Authors: Young, Cheryl Ann
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Arkwright, Robert Wigram, 1822 -- Diaries , Armstrong, Frances -- Diaries , Bowker, Thomas Holden, 1807-1885 -- Diaries , Brownlee, James, 1824-1851 -- Diaries , Crealock, John North, 1837-1895 -- Diaries , Flanagan, Arthur Stephen -- Diaries , Hall, Henry, 1815 -- Diaries , Merriman, Nathaniel James, 1809-1881 Diaries , Pigot, Sophia, 1804-1881 -- Diaries , Stretch, Charles Lennox, 1797-1882 -- Diaries , Griffith, Patrick Raymond -- Diaries , Clergy -- South Africa -- Diaries , Diaries -- History and criticism , Soldiers -- South Africa -- Diaries , South African diaries -- History and criticism , Women -- South Africa -- Diaries
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2231 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002274 , Arkwright, Robert Wigram, 1822 -- Diaries , Armstrong, Frances -- Diaries , Bowker, Thomas Holden, 1807-1885 -- Diaries , Brownlee, James, 1824-1851 -- Diaries , Crealock, John North, 1837-1895 -- Diaries , Flanagan, Arthur Stephen -- Diaries , Hall, Henry, 1815 -- Diaries , Merriman, Nathaniel James, 1809-1881 Diaries , Pigot, Sophia, 1804-1881 -- Diaries , Stretch, Charles Lennox, 1797-1882 -- Diaries , Griffith, Patrick Raymond -- Diaries , Clergy -- South Africa -- Diaries , Diaries -- History and criticism , Soldiers -- South Africa -- Diaries , South African diaries -- History and criticism , Women -- South Africa -- Diaries
- Description: The evidence of these diaries, all written in the nineteenth century, reveals the heterogeneous nature of early settler society in the Eastern Cape. Generalizations can only be of the most tenuous kind in such a small sample; but women tend to dwell on the domestic, the men on their public lives, the most reticent about their private lives are the soldiers. There is one diary which can be described as personal; the diarists did not regard their diaries as appropriate repositories of their personal triumphs and failures. The perceptions formed in Britain about the land and people of Africa are not drastically modified upon arrival unless the diarist experiences a prolongued contact with either.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: Young, Cheryl Ann
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Arkwright, Robert Wigram, 1822 -- Diaries , Armstrong, Frances -- Diaries , Bowker, Thomas Holden, 1807-1885 -- Diaries , Brownlee, James, 1824-1851 -- Diaries , Crealock, John North, 1837-1895 -- Diaries , Flanagan, Arthur Stephen -- Diaries , Hall, Henry, 1815 -- Diaries , Merriman, Nathaniel James, 1809-1881 Diaries , Pigot, Sophia, 1804-1881 -- Diaries , Stretch, Charles Lennox, 1797-1882 -- Diaries , Griffith, Patrick Raymond -- Diaries , Clergy -- South Africa -- Diaries , Diaries -- History and criticism , Soldiers -- South Africa -- Diaries , South African diaries -- History and criticism , Women -- South Africa -- Diaries
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2231 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002274 , Arkwright, Robert Wigram, 1822 -- Diaries , Armstrong, Frances -- Diaries , Bowker, Thomas Holden, 1807-1885 -- Diaries , Brownlee, James, 1824-1851 -- Diaries , Crealock, John North, 1837-1895 -- Diaries , Flanagan, Arthur Stephen -- Diaries , Hall, Henry, 1815 -- Diaries , Merriman, Nathaniel James, 1809-1881 Diaries , Pigot, Sophia, 1804-1881 -- Diaries , Stretch, Charles Lennox, 1797-1882 -- Diaries , Griffith, Patrick Raymond -- Diaries , Clergy -- South Africa -- Diaries , Diaries -- History and criticism , Soldiers -- South Africa -- Diaries , South African diaries -- History and criticism , Women -- South Africa -- Diaries
- Description: The evidence of these diaries, all written in the nineteenth century, reveals the heterogeneous nature of early settler society in the Eastern Cape. Generalizations can only be of the most tenuous kind in such a small sample; but women tend to dwell on the domestic, the men on their public lives, the most reticent about their private lives are the soldiers. There is one diary which can be described as personal; the diarists did not regard their diaries as appropriate repositories of their personal triumphs and failures. The perceptions formed in Britain about the land and people of Africa are not drastically modified upon arrival unless the diarist experiences a prolongued contact with either.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
A study of the Pycnonotus bulbul species complex in Southern Africa
- Authors: Lloyd, Penn
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Bulbuls -- Ecology -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Songbirds -- Ecology -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Birds -- Ecology -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5782 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005470 , Bulbuls -- Ecology -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Songbirds -- Ecology -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Birds -- Ecology -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The three Pycnonotus bulbuls endemic to Africa, P. barbatus, P. nigricans and P. capensis, occupy mutually exclusive distributions in southern Africa. These species are closely related and appear to occupy very similar ecological niches, only in different regions. Using a multifaceted approach, this study attempts to explain the ecology of this species complex. All three species show similar physiological responses to temperature extremes, and are therefore unlikely to be directly limited by environmental temperature. However, their distributions are highly correlated to a complex of environmental variables, particularly winter minimum temperatures, the coefficient of variation in mean annual rainfall, and the seasonality of rainfall. This combination of environmental parameters can be used to predict the distributions of at least one of the species, P. nigricans, accurately. An analysis of the vocalizations and behaviour of the three species revealed that, whilst P. capensis has a number of recognizably different vocalizations, those of P. barbatus and P. nigricans are very similar. The three have nearly identical behaviours, particularly courtship and pre-copulatory behaviours. The mate recognition systems of the three are therefore extremely similar. P. barbatus is territorial during the breeding season, and exhibits highly structured-variation in male territorial song at the level of the local neighbourhood. The literature pertaining to song dialects is reviewed, and a new hypothesis is postulated to explain song-matching in terms of neighbour/stranger discrimination and the possible existence of cooperative territory defence. A survey of the eastern Cape region, where all three species come into contact, showed that extensive hybridization is taking place between each species pair. Phenotypically, this hybridization is restricted to narrow hybrid zones, that are considered to be stable in both time and place. The evolutionary and ecological significance of these zones to the distributions of the species is discussed, and it is proposed that the zones are maintained by selection acting on differentially-adapted genomes along an environmental gradient.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: Lloyd, Penn
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Bulbuls -- Ecology -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Songbirds -- Ecology -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Birds -- Ecology -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5782 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005470 , Bulbuls -- Ecology -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Songbirds -- Ecology -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Birds -- Ecology -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The three Pycnonotus bulbuls endemic to Africa, P. barbatus, P. nigricans and P. capensis, occupy mutually exclusive distributions in southern Africa. These species are closely related and appear to occupy very similar ecological niches, only in different regions. Using a multifaceted approach, this study attempts to explain the ecology of this species complex. All three species show similar physiological responses to temperature extremes, and are therefore unlikely to be directly limited by environmental temperature. However, their distributions are highly correlated to a complex of environmental variables, particularly winter minimum temperatures, the coefficient of variation in mean annual rainfall, and the seasonality of rainfall. This combination of environmental parameters can be used to predict the distributions of at least one of the species, P. nigricans, accurately. An analysis of the vocalizations and behaviour of the three species revealed that, whilst P. capensis has a number of recognizably different vocalizations, those of P. barbatus and P. nigricans are very similar. The three have nearly identical behaviours, particularly courtship and pre-copulatory behaviours. The mate recognition systems of the three are therefore extremely similar. P. barbatus is territorial during the breeding season, and exhibits highly structured-variation in male territorial song at the level of the local neighbourhood. The literature pertaining to song dialects is reviewed, and a new hypothesis is postulated to explain song-matching in terms of neighbour/stranger discrimination and the possible existence of cooperative territory defence. A survey of the eastern Cape region, where all three species come into contact, showed that extensive hybridization is taking place between each species pair. Phenotypically, this hybridization is restricted to narrow hybrid zones, that are considered to be stable in both time and place. The evolutionary and ecological significance of these zones to the distributions of the species is discussed, and it is proposed that the zones are maintained by selection acting on differentially-adapted genomes along an environmental gradient.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
A taxonomic study of Senecio speciosus, Senecio macrocephalus and possible hybrid populations using morphological data, toxicty tests and chromatography
- Authors: Lewis, Gillian Elizabeth
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Senecio , Senecio -- Analysis , Shrimps , Artemia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4209 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003778
- Description: The variation between populations of Senecio speciosus Willd., Senecio macrocephalus DC. and intermediate plants was investigated in a comparative study of morphological characters, toxicity of plant extracts to brine shrimps (Artemia salina) and chromatography of plant extracts. Specimens were collected at 18 localities in the Eastern Cape Province. All these specimens were examined morphologically and chemical extracts were tested for toxicity and by comparative chromatography. The collection of Senecio speciosus and Senecio macrocephalus specimens in the Selmar Schonland Herbarium (GRA) was also examined morphologically. Six geographical areas were represented in the combined collections. Analysis of morphological data separated typical Senecio speciosus and Senecio macrocephalus at either end of hybrid index histograms and principal components analysis diagrams. The intermediate populations displayed morphological characters of both Senecio speciosus and Senecio macrocephalus. Some specimens were intermediate between these two species, falling within the range of variation of these species while others fell outside this range. The Brine Shrimp Assay was used to test for toxicity and to investigate the possibility of using toxicity data as a genetic marker in taxonomic studies. As Senecio speciosus extracts were less than 1% toxic and Senecio macrocephalus extracts were at least 95% toxic to the brine shrimps it is suggested that in this case toxicity can be used as a genetic marker. Toxicity can even be described as a good taxonomic character as discontinuity is very sudden and complete. The intermediate plants in the Grahamstown area were at least 92% toxic to the brine shrimps linking them to Senecio macrocephalus. Thin layer and paper chromatography were used as comparative techniques to study the chemical profiles of the specimens. Alkaloids, terpenoids and flavonoids were studied. Thin layer chromatography to separate the alkaloid components of the plant extracts showed Senecio speciosus and Senecio macrocephalus to have distinct chemical profiles suggesting that they are separate species. The intermediate plants- were found to contain chemical compounds matching either or both Senecio speciosus and Senecio macrocephalus suggesting that they may have arisen by hybridisation. In a preliminary investigation Senecio speciosus extracts showed a complete lack of terpenoid compounds whereas extracts from Senecio macrocephalus and the intermediate specimens tested gave a terpenoid colour reaction in the basal spot only. This links the intermediate populations with Senecio macrocephalus. Paper chromatography to separate the flavonoid constituents of the plant extracts also showed typical Senecio speciosus and Senecio macrocephalus to be distinct. The intermediate populations contained flavonoid compounds from one or both of these species. The populations in the Grahamstown area show morphological features close to and in some cases indistinguishable from Senecio speciosus. Chemically these specimens show some similarities with Senecio macrocephalus. In the East London area specimens show a similar mixture of characters but appear morphologically to be closer to Senecio macrocephalus. However, in the Amatole Mountains, despite both species being present in the same locality it appears that no hybridisation has occurred. It is therefore suggested that at some of the localities where the geographical ranges of Senecio speciosus and Senecio macrocephalus overlap in the Eastern Cape Province hybridisation between these two species occurs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: Lewis, Gillian Elizabeth
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Senecio , Senecio -- Analysis , Shrimps , Artemia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4209 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003778
- Description: The variation between populations of Senecio speciosus Willd., Senecio macrocephalus DC. and intermediate plants was investigated in a comparative study of morphological characters, toxicity of plant extracts to brine shrimps (Artemia salina) and chromatography of plant extracts. Specimens were collected at 18 localities in the Eastern Cape Province. All these specimens were examined morphologically and chemical extracts were tested for toxicity and by comparative chromatography. The collection of Senecio speciosus and Senecio macrocephalus specimens in the Selmar Schonland Herbarium (GRA) was also examined morphologically. Six geographical areas were represented in the combined collections. Analysis of morphological data separated typical Senecio speciosus and Senecio macrocephalus at either end of hybrid index histograms and principal components analysis diagrams. The intermediate populations displayed morphological characters of both Senecio speciosus and Senecio macrocephalus. Some specimens were intermediate between these two species, falling within the range of variation of these species while others fell outside this range. The Brine Shrimp Assay was used to test for toxicity and to investigate the possibility of using toxicity data as a genetic marker in taxonomic studies. As Senecio speciosus extracts were less than 1% toxic and Senecio macrocephalus extracts were at least 95% toxic to the brine shrimps it is suggested that in this case toxicity can be used as a genetic marker. Toxicity can even be described as a good taxonomic character as discontinuity is very sudden and complete. The intermediate plants in the Grahamstown area were at least 92% toxic to the brine shrimps linking them to Senecio macrocephalus. Thin layer and paper chromatography were used as comparative techniques to study the chemical profiles of the specimens. Alkaloids, terpenoids and flavonoids were studied. Thin layer chromatography to separate the alkaloid components of the plant extracts showed Senecio speciosus and Senecio macrocephalus to have distinct chemical profiles suggesting that they are separate species. The intermediate plants- were found to contain chemical compounds matching either or both Senecio speciosus and Senecio macrocephalus suggesting that they may have arisen by hybridisation. In a preliminary investigation Senecio speciosus extracts showed a complete lack of terpenoid compounds whereas extracts from Senecio macrocephalus and the intermediate specimens tested gave a terpenoid colour reaction in the basal spot only. This links the intermediate populations with Senecio macrocephalus. Paper chromatography to separate the flavonoid constituents of the plant extracts also showed typical Senecio speciosus and Senecio macrocephalus to be distinct. The intermediate populations contained flavonoid compounds from one or both of these species. The populations in the Grahamstown area show morphological features close to and in some cases indistinguishable from Senecio speciosus. Chemically these specimens show some similarities with Senecio macrocephalus. In the East London area specimens show a similar mixture of characters but appear morphologically to be closer to Senecio macrocephalus. However, in the Amatole Mountains, despite both species being present in the same locality it appears that no hybridisation has occurred. It is therefore suggested that at some of the localities where the geographical ranges of Senecio speciosus and Senecio macrocephalus overlap in the Eastern Cape Province hybridisation between these two species occurs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
Alternative dispute resolution in the best interests of the child
- Authors: Van Zyl, Lesbury
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Divorce mediation -- South Africa , Dispute resolution (Law) -- South Africa , Custody of children -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3697 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003212 , Divorce mediation -- South Africa , Dispute resolution (Law) -- South Africa , Custody of children -- South Africa
- Description: The development of private divorce mediation appears to offer a friendly and informal alternative to the "hostile" adversarial divorce. A close analysis of its claims, however, shows them to be largely unproven. Urgent attention should therefore be given to the philosophical base of the movement. There is also a need for empirical research and for standardised training. Further unanswered questions relate to the part to be played by different professions, and to professional ethics. It is submitted that the appointment of Family Advocates is a step in the right direction but that the establishment of a full Family Court will best protect children's interests.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: Van Zyl, Lesbury
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Divorce mediation -- South Africa , Dispute resolution (Law) -- South Africa , Custody of children -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3697 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003212 , Divorce mediation -- South Africa , Dispute resolution (Law) -- South Africa , Custody of children -- South Africa
- Description: The development of private divorce mediation appears to offer a friendly and informal alternative to the "hostile" adversarial divorce. A close analysis of its claims, however, shows them to be largely unproven. Urgent attention should therefore be given to the philosophical base of the movement. There is also a need for empirical research and for standardised training. Further unanswered questions relate to the part to be played by different professions, and to professional ethics. It is submitted that the appointment of Family Advocates is a step in the right direction but that the establishment of a full Family Court will best protect children's interests.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
An analysis of the suitability of prescribed geography textbooks for Ciskei pupils in standard 6
- Authors: Rulashe, Turbner Mnyamezeli
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Geography -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Textbooks -- Evaluation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1422 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003303
- Description: Research has shown that in the South African school context textbooks are perceived as the most important guide to subject content. It is essential, therefore, that pupils and teachers should possess skills and strategies that they can use to interpret and understand the textbook. Equally, textbook writers ought to be aware of the cues pupils need to facilitate the learning process. Problems that hinder the learning of geography subject content from textbooks may arise from, among other things, the style in which the text is written, the way in which concepts are developed, the presentation of visual materials and elements of bias and stereotyping. This study scrutinises and analyses two standard 6 geography textbooks prescribed for Ciskei schools to assess the extent to which these textbooks consider the language competence of the pupils, explain and develop concepts, and in general promote the geographical education. Interviews with Ciskei teachers revealed that Standard 6 pupils encounter difficulties in the geography textbooks which are attributed to the fact that they are second language learners and they lack the requisite skills for interpreting visual materials. The analysis of the textbooks revealed that despite efforts made in recent years to rectify the most blatant aspects of bias and stereotyping and to improve the presentation of textbooks, a number of serious problems continue to exist particularly with regard to the Standard 6 learner of geography. The study attempts to alert writers of texbooks and teachers to factors which need to be taken into consideration to assist second language speakers toward effective learning.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: Rulashe, Turbner Mnyamezeli
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Geography -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Textbooks -- Evaluation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1422 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003303
- Description: Research has shown that in the South African school context textbooks are perceived as the most important guide to subject content. It is essential, therefore, that pupils and teachers should possess skills and strategies that they can use to interpret and understand the textbook. Equally, textbook writers ought to be aware of the cues pupils need to facilitate the learning process. Problems that hinder the learning of geography subject content from textbooks may arise from, among other things, the style in which the text is written, the way in which concepts are developed, the presentation of visual materials and elements of bias and stereotyping. This study scrutinises and analyses two standard 6 geography textbooks prescribed for Ciskei schools to assess the extent to which these textbooks consider the language competence of the pupils, explain and develop concepts, and in general promote the geographical education. Interviews with Ciskei teachers revealed that Standard 6 pupils encounter difficulties in the geography textbooks which are attributed to the fact that they are second language learners and they lack the requisite skills for interpreting visual materials. The analysis of the textbooks revealed that despite efforts made in recent years to rectify the most blatant aspects of bias and stereotyping and to improve the presentation of textbooks, a number of serious problems continue to exist particularly with regard to the Standard 6 learner of geography. The study attempts to alert writers of texbooks and teachers to factors which need to be taken into consideration to assist second language speakers toward effective learning.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
An anti-racist feminist analysis of power: a case study of a group of African women in an Eastern Cape township
- Authors: Jackson, Carey-Ann
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Power (Social sciences) -- South Africa , Feminism -- South Africa , Feminist theory -- South Africa , Women, Black -- Employment -- South Africa , Women, Black -- South Africa -- Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2996 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002505 , Power (Social sciences) -- South Africa , Feminism -- South Africa , Feminist theory -- South Africa , Women, Black -- Employment -- South Africa , Women, Black -- South Africa -- Social conditions
- Description: It is argued that South African feminism in the 1990's risks sabotaging itself as a movement and as a form of social critique because it has (1) not completely eradicated key positivist elements from its ontology and epistemology; (2) inadequately examined a crucial issue in an emancipatory social science, namely power; (3) increasingly opted for relativist and pragmatist perspectives in theorising women's oppression and social transformation. It is further argued that the over-reliance on relativism, standpoint theory and pragmatism is problematic for contemporary feminism. As an alternative, Bhaskar's transformational analysis of power in combination with an anti-racist feminism and social psychology is used to provide a robust framework within which complex social issues may be addressed. In this study, 16 female participants were interviewed about their experiences of living in an impoverished township. Themes identified in the data suggested that the theoretical perspectives used in the study provided insights into the subtleties and complexities of the operation of power in society. These insights enabled productive understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of development initiatives and political decision-making processes in the community, and the survival strategies of its women. It is hoped that research work of this sort could make a real contribution to the ongoing women's emancipation struggle in Port Alfred and similar communities.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: Jackson, Carey-Ann
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Power (Social sciences) -- South Africa , Feminism -- South Africa , Feminist theory -- South Africa , Women, Black -- Employment -- South Africa , Women, Black -- South Africa -- Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2996 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002505 , Power (Social sciences) -- South Africa , Feminism -- South Africa , Feminist theory -- South Africa , Women, Black -- Employment -- South Africa , Women, Black -- South Africa -- Social conditions
- Description: It is argued that South African feminism in the 1990's risks sabotaging itself as a movement and as a form of social critique because it has (1) not completely eradicated key positivist elements from its ontology and epistemology; (2) inadequately examined a crucial issue in an emancipatory social science, namely power; (3) increasingly opted for relativist and pragmatist perspectives in theorising women's oppression and social transformation. It is further argued that the over-reliance on relativism, standpoint theory and pragmatism is problematic for contemporary feminism. As an alternative, Bhaskar's transformational analysis of power in combination with an anti-racist feminism and social psychology is used to provide a robust framework within which complex social issues may be addressed. In this study, 16 female participants were interviewed about their experiences of living in an impoverished township. Themes identified in the data suggested that the theoretical perspectives used in the study provided insights into the subtleties and complexities of the operation of power in society. These insights enabled productive understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of development initiatives and political decision-making processes in the community, and the survival strategies of its women. It is hoped that research work of this sort could make a real contribution to the ongoing women's emancipation struggle in Port Alfred and similar communities.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
An approach to analyzing gold supply from the South African gold mines
- Authors: Mather, Diarmid John
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Gold mines and mining -- Economic aspects -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:1015 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002750 , Gold mines and mining -- Economic aspects -- South Africa
- Description: The gold mining fIrm in South Africa is viewed as a normal fIrm producing gold bearing ore but faced with a quality constraint (grade). Grade, however, is never uniformly distributed in a metalliferous deposit and because high grades are mined fIrst, the quality constraint becomes increasingly severe with cumulated production. The fIrm will continue to mine gold bearing ore until it reaches its mining limit where the marginal cost of recovering the gold is equal to the marginal revenue received from that gold and at that point the economic deposit becomes exhausted. Because the mining limit is determined by cost/technology and price, it is not fIxed and thus the point of economic exhaustion may change. When high grades are mined fIrst the relationship between the tonnage of gold ore and the grade describes the rate at which the grade is expected to fall with cumulated production. In this thesis, the grade for South African Witwatersrand gold producers is modelled to fall exponentially. The mining limit, determined by costs/technology and price, can be expressed in terms of grade. By predicting the decay in grade relative to the tonnage of gold ore and applying a mining limit, a life-time size of the economic deposit can be estimated. The remaining life of a producing gold mine can then be determined and the flow of gold predicted. An empirical treatment using the disk model of a gold deposit is undertaken for a gold mine, a goldfIeld and the total Witwatersrand gold deposit. A dynamic econometric analysis of expected mining costs and gold prices is not attempted; however certain examples are used to illustrate the applicability of the model and the influence of the South African gold mining tax formula on the life of the mine.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: Mather, Diarmid John
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Gold mines and mining -- Economic aspects -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:1015 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002750 , Gold mines and mining -- Economic aspects -- South Africa
- Description: The gold mining fIrm in South Africa is viewed as a normal fIrm producing gold bearing ore but faced with a quality constraint (grade). Grade, however, is never uniformly distributed in a metalliferous deposit and because high grades are mined fIrst, the quality constraint becomes increasingly severe with cumulated production. The fIrm will continue to mine gold bearing ore until it reaches its mining limit where the marginal cost of recovering the gold is equal to the marginal revenue received from that gold and at that point the economic deposit becomes exhausted. Because the mining limit is determined by cost/technology and price, it is not fIxed and thus the point of economic exhaustion may change. When high grades are mined fIrst the relationship between the tonnage of gold ore and the grade describes the rate at which the grade is expected to fall with cumulated production. In this thesis, the grade for South African Witwatersrand gold producers is modelled to fall exponentially. The mining limit, determined by costs/technology and price, can be expressed in terms of grade. By predicting the decay in grade relative to the tonnage of gold ore and applying a mining limit, a life-time size of the economic deposit can be estimated. The remaining life of a producing gold mine can then be determined and the flow of gold predicted. An empirical treatment using the disk model of a gold deposit is undertaken for a gold mine, a goldfIeld and the total Witwatersrand gold deposit. A dynamic econometric analysis of expected mining costs and gold prices is not attempted; however certain examples are used to illustrate the applicability of the model and the influence of the South African gold mining tax formula on the life of the mine.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
An examination of the factors influencing the spatial distribution of the Indian communities in Grahamstown, King William's town, Queenstown and Uitenhage from 1880 to 1991
- Authors: Dullabh, Neela
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: East Indians -- South Africa -- Social conditions East Indians -- South Africa -- Economic conditions Apartheid -- Law and legislation -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:4831 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005506
- Description: This study examines the factors influencing the spatial distribution of the Indian communities of Grahamstown, King William's Town, Queenstown and Uitenhage from 1880 to 1991. Primary sources of information were used to determine both the spatial distribution of the four communities and the factors influencing the distribution found. These primary sources included the use of directories, municipal and archival sources of information, interviews as well the work of various authors. The study found that the spatial distribution of Indians in the four study areas were similar with the Indians occupying residential and commercial premises in the central areas of the urban centres. After 1980 there was a substantial movement to other areas. Prior to 1950 the municipalities played an important role in influencing spatial distribution. However, after the introduction of the Group Areas Act, the govennment controlled Indian spatial distribution. Thus the Group Areas Act was the most important factor affecting Indian spatial distribution. Indians in small urban centres in the Cape Province were segregated and their spatial distribution was controlled both prior to and after 1950. Anti-Indian legislation and restrictions were the main factors influencing Indian spatial distribution.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: Dullabh, Neela
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: East Indians -- South Africa -- Social conditions East Indians -- South Africa -- Economic conditions Apartheid -- Law and legislation -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:4831 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005506
- Description: This study examines the factors influencing the spatial distribution of the Indian communities of Grahamstown, King William's Town, Queenstown and Uitenhage from 1880 to 1991. Primary sources of information were used to determine both the spatial distribution of the four communities and the factors influencing the distribution found. These primary sources included the use of directories, municipal and archival sources of information, interviews as well the work of various authors. The study found that the spatial distribution of Indians in the four study areas were similar with the Indians occupying residential and commercial premises in the central areas of the urban centres. After 1980 there was a substantial movement to other areas. Prior to 1950 the municipalities played an important role in influencing spatial distribution. However, after the introduction of the Group Areas Act, the govennment controlled Indian spatial distribution. Thus the Group Areas Act was the most important factor affecting Indian spatial distribution. Indians in small urban centres in the Cape Province were segregated and their spatial distribution was controlled both prior to and after 1950. Anti-Indian legislation and restrictions were the main factors influencing Indian spatial distribution.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
An exploratory survey of the needs and adjustment to retirement of persons residing in Port Alfred
- Authors: Stephens, Brent William
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Retirement, Places of -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Port Alfred , Older people -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Port Alfred -- Social conditions , Older people -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Port Alfred , Older people -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Port Alfred -- Economic conditions , Retirees -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Port Alfred
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:3283 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006514 , Retirement, Places of -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Port Alfred , Older people -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Port Alfred -- Social conditions , Older people -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Port Alfred , Older people -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Port Alfred -- Economic conditions , Retirees -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Port Alfred
- Description: The problem that was chosen to be investigated, was that, within the white middle class South African white-collar worker there appears to be a tendency to live for the "pie in the sky" - which for most seems to be retirement to the idyllic cottage by the sea. Within the South African scenario, there seems to be a definite lack of career planning or at least planning for retirement, other than the financial emphasis. Upon reaching the "ultimate" retirement, retirees take their pension money and move to the coast, expecting pure bliss. The result of their lack of forethought is that they settle in a totally different climate, away from the support of family and friends, possibly finding their income inadequate, with the result that many fall seriously ill, and then discover a lack of geriatric care or a hospital at the time in their lives when they need it the most. The aim of the research was to investigate these issues using a specific location - Port Alfred, researching the fact that Port Alfred continues to be a retirement haven, despite appearing to lack the necessary facilities required by the elderly. The method of the research was to initially administer a pilot questionnaire to a few elderly residents at random, which was then followed up by the formal personally administered questionnaire to a sample. The sample of retired elderly residents in Port Alfred was chosen at random primarily from the various old age homes in Port Alfred. This questionnaire was administered in 1983 but due to financial and personal reasons, the results were not written up. In 1990, the research was continued with a further questionnaire being administered in 1991. The research direction was altered slightly to identify not only what resources were felt to be lacking, but also to identify how well the retired persons of Port Alfred had managed their transition to retirement. The results showed some similarity between the 1983 and the 1991 research. On the surface the retirees appeared well-adjusted and content, but when it was delved deeper, they appeared to have opted out of making any great effort to change their situation, but rather had taken the view that they had earned their rest, would make the best of what they had, and leave it to someone else to champion their cause. This meant that they relied heavily upon those in their community to meet their obvious needs. The promised hospital that they had arduously raised funds for had not materialised, and that seemed to have been the last effort that they had been prepared to make, they were now at rest. The conclusion was that, although the retirees had made the best of their situation, this definitely did not mean that their resources were adequate. Various charities and social services were at work in the community to redress the imbalance, but it was felt that these would in turn benefit by the addition of a social worker. This social worker would coordinate these services and take responsibility for the community at large, particularly addressing the need to unify the services with those to the large non-White community, in the (on-going) development of the New South Africa
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: Stephens, Brent William
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Retirement, Places of -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Port Alfred , Older people -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Port Alfred -- Social conditions , Older people -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Port Alfred , Older people -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Port Alfred -- Economic conditions , Retirees -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Port Alfred
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:3283 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006514 , Retirement, Places of -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Port Alfred , Older people -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Port Alfred -- Social conditions , Older people -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Port Alfred , Older people -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Port Alfred -- Economic conditions , Retirees -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Port Alfred
- Description: The problem that was chosen to be investigated, was that, within the white middle class South African white-collar worker there appears to be a tendency to live for the "pie in the sky" - which for most seems to be retirement to the idyllic cottage by the sea. Within the South African scenario, there seems to be a definite lack of career planning or at least planning for retirement, other than the financial emphasis. Upon reaching the "ultimate" retirement, retirees take their pension money and move to the coast, expecting pure bliss. The result of their lack of forethought is that they settle in a totally different climate, away from the support of family and friends, possibly finding their income inadequate, with the result that many fall seriously ill, and then discover a lack of geriatric care or a hospital at the time in their lives when they need it the most. The aim of the research was to investigate these issues using a specific location - Port Alfred, researching the fact that Port Alfred continues to be a retirement haven, despite appearing to lack the necessary facilities required by the elderly. The method of the research was to initially administer a pilot questionnaire to a few elderly residents at random, which was then followed up by the formal personally administered questionnaire to a sample. The sample of retired elderly residents in Port Alfred was chosen at random primarily from the various old age homes in Port Alfred. This questionnaire was administered in 1983 but due to financial and personal reasons, the results were not written up. In 1990, the research was continued with a further questionnaire being administered in 1991. The research direction was altered slightly to identify not only what resources were felt to be lacking, but also to identify how well the retired persons of Port Alfred had managed their transition to retirement. The results showed some similarity between the 1983 and the 1991 research. On the surface the retirees appeared well-adjusted and content, but when it was delved deeper, they appeared to have opted out of making any great effort to change their situation, but rather had taken the view that they had earned their rest, would make the best of what they had, and leave it to someone else to champion their cause. This meant that they relied heavily upon those in their community to meet their obvious needs. The promised hospital that they had arduously raised funds for had not materialised, and that seemed to have been the last effort that they had been prepared to make, they were now at rest. The conclusion was that, although the retirees had made the best of their situation, this definitely did not mean that their resources were adequate. Various charities and social services were at work in the community to redress the imbalance, but it was felt that these would in turn benefit by the addition of a social worker. This social worker would coordinate these services and take responsibility for the community at large, particularly addressing the need to unify the services with those to the large non-White community, in the (on-going) development of the New South Africa
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
An integrated approach to aspects of coastal dune planning and management along a portion of the Eastern Cape coastal zone
- Authors: Hellström, Gavin B
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Coastal zone management -- South Africa , Sand dune ecology -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4197 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003766 , Coastal zone management -- South Africa , Sand dune ecology -- South Africa
- Description: Ecological evaluation techniques have been used to classify or evaluate the relative conservation worthiness of a portion of the Eastern Cape coastal zone from Cannon Rocks to Port Alfred. A system-based approach, using a basic GIS, was used to compare three aspects of the coastal zone. Two existing planning documents (EMATEK/s Coastal Vegetation Importance Rating plan and CPA's Cape Coastal Conservation plan) were statistically compared - based primarily on the size and number of the landscape fragments (environmental criteria polygons). The resultant plan, an Intermediate Sensitivity Class map, was further integrated with the biophysical aspect of the coastal zone - coastal dunes. The final map is the product of these overlays to be used as a-working overlay for coastal zone decision-making. This is an Environmental Sensitivity map, which has no particular direct reference to any particular biophysical criteria, which categorizes the coastal zone according to the environmental sensitivity or conservation worthiness of the site. The categories are listed according to a sliding-scale of sensitivity or worthiness. There is, however, it strong association between the final map and the vegetation status of the coastline, as a direct result of the vegetation rating map and indirectly from the perception based coastal conservation plan. The formation of most assessment or evaluation plans are based on the vegetation status of the area. This map can be overlayed over the particular stretch of the coastline which it covers and the particular conservation status noted. There are numerous techniques available for assessment and evaluation each having their own specific merits and advantages. This plan, however, is a first attempt at integrating other specific plans into a single working document for the coastal zone manager.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: Hellström, Gavin B
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Coastal zone management -- South Africa , Sand dune ecology -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4197 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003766 , Coastal zone management -- South Africa , Sand dune ecology -- South Africa
- Description: Ecological evaluation techniques have been used to classify or evaluate the relative conservation worthiness of a portion of the Eastern Cape coastal zone from Cannon Rocks to Port Alfred. A system-based approach, using a basic GIS, was used to compare three aspects of the coastal zone. Two existing planning documents (EMATEK/s Coastal Vegetation Importance Rating plan and CPA's Cape Coastal Conservation plan) were statistically compared - based primarily on the size and number of the landscape fragments (environmental criteria polygons). The resultant plan, an Intermediate Sensitivity Class map, was further integrated with the biophysical aspect of the coastal zone - coastal dunes. The final map is the product of these overlays to be used as a-working overlay for coastal zone decision-making. This is an Environmental Sensitivity map, which has no particular direct reference to any particular biophysical criteria, which categorizes the coastal zone according to the environmental sensitivity or conservation worthiness of the site. The categories are listed according to a sliding-scale of sensitivity or worthiness. There is, however, it strong association between the final map and the vegetation status of the coastline, as a direct result of the vegetation rating map and indirectly from the perception based coastal conservation plan. The formation of most assessment or evaluation plans are based on the vegetation status of the area. This map can be overlayed over the particular stretch of the coastline which it covers and the particular conservation status noted. There are numerous techniques available for assessment and evaluation each having their own specific merits and advantages. This plan, however, is a first attempt at integrating other specific plans into a single working document for the coastal zone manager.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
An investigation into the influence of an inset programme on teacher cognitions
- Authors: Bell, David Ian
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Teachers -- In-service training -- South Africa Teachers -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1608 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003490
- Description: This study was based upon a concern about the quality of education in South Africa and a concern about the quality of NGO and other INSET interventions. Many organisations purport to address the issues of education, most of them doing so from the very comfortable position of the moral high ground (the position adopted where the political - correctness of the intervention outweighs the quality and impact) rather than from the position of having the capacity to deliver a quality service (a position from which they can effect genuine educational transformation toward quality education for all). With the rapid social, political and educational changes taking place at present, it is necessary for most organisations to assess their positions in respect of their ability to effect quality changes within the broad educational terrain. This study is an attempt to investigate the influence of one particular programme, that of the Centre for Cognitive Development, as it effects changes in teacher cognitions. It is argued that teachers are the catalysts for and agents of educational and social change and that these changes require the thinking and beliefs of individual teachers which inform their practices and behaviours, both personally and as professionals, to be addressed. These beliefs need to be critically reflected upon by the teachers themselves and through this process of reflection, teachers need to be empowered to take responsibility for the quality of teaching and learning. This concern was addressed by selecting a sample of teachers from within one such INSET intervention and through the use of a questionnaire, investigating whether teachers cognitions had changed, as a result of the INSET programme. It was hypothesised that changes in teacher cognitions would occur as a result of the INSET programme and that these cognitive or gestalt shifts could be categorised as Attributional shifts, Efficacy shifts, shifts in teachers perceived Locus of Control (Control Beliefs) and changes in general Pedagogic Beliefs. The statistical analysis of the data indicated varying degrees and trends of significant change. However, the complexity of the social context of teaching and the impact of this on teacher beliefs and cognitions, especially those of teachers who have been most affected (disempowered) by social and personal oppression, cannot be under-estimated and even minor shifts reflected in this investigation should be seen as positive changes none-the-less.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: Bell, David Ian
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Teachers -- In-service training -- South Africa Teachers -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1608 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003490
- Description: This study was based upon a concern about the quality of education in South Africa and a concern about the quality of NGO and other INSET interventions. Many organisations purport to address the issues of education, most of them doing so from the very comfortable position of the moral high ground (the position adopted where the political - correctness of the intervention outweighs the quality and impact) rather than from the position of having the capacity to deliver a quality service (a position from which they can effect genuine educational transformation toward quality education for all). With the rapid social, political and educational changes taking place at present, it is necessary for most organisations to assess their positions in respect of their ability to effect quality changes within the broad educational terrain. This study is an attempt to investigate the influence of one particular programme, that of the Centre for Cognitive Development, as it effects changes in teacher cognitions. It is argued that teachers are the catalysts for and agents of educational and social change and that these changes require the thinking and beliefs of individual teachers which inform their practices and behaviours, both personally and as professionals, to be addressed. These beliefs need to be critically reflected upon by the teachers themselves and through this process of reflection, teachers need to be empowered to take responsibility for the quality of teaching and learning. This concern was addressed by selecting a sample of teachers from within one such INSET intervention and through the use of a questionnaire, investigating whether teachers cognitions had changed, as a result of the INSET programme. It was hypothesised that changes in teacher cognitions would occur as a result of the INSET programme and that these cognitive or gestalt shifts could be categorised as Attributional shifts, Efficacy shifts, shifts in teachers perceived Locus of Control (Control Beliefs) and changes in general Pedagogic Beliefs. The statistical analysis of the data indicated varying degrees and trends of significant change. However, the complexity of the social context of teaching and the impact of this on teacher beliefs and cognitions, especially those of teachers who have been most affected (disempowered) by social and personal oppression, cannot be under-estimated and even minor shifts reflected in this investigation should be seen as positive changes none-the-less.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
An investigation of environmental knowledge among two rural black communities in Natal
- Mtshali, Cynthia Sibongiseni
- Authors: Mtshali, Cynthia Sibongiseni
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Wild plants, Edible -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal -- Folklore Zulu (African people) -- Folklore Animals -- Folklore Environmental education -- South Africa Medicinal plants -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal -- Maphumulo Medicinal plants -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal -- Ingwavuma
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1623 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003505
- Description: This study elicits and documents knowledge of the natural environment amongst two rural Black communities in Natal namely, the districts of Maphumulo and Ingwavuma.Twenty members of these communities who are older than 60 years of age were interviewed, as older people are considered by the researcher to be important repositories of environmental knowledge. This study records a variety of animals hunted in these communities and discusses various activities associated with this activity. It examines the gathering and the use of wild edible plants like fruits and spinach, and of wild plants alleged to have medicinal value. It reviews indigenous knowledge related to custom beliefs and prohibitions as well as traditional laws associated .with animals and trees. It also considers how this knowledge can contribute towards the development of Environmental Education in South Africa. The data was deduced from the responses elicited from semi-structured interviews. The data was analyzed qualitatively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: Mtshali, Cynthia Sibongiseni
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Wild plants, Edible -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal -- Folklore Zulu (African people) -- Folklore Animals -- Folklore Environmental education -- South Africa Medicinal plants -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal -- Maphumulo Medicinal plants -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal -- Ingwavuma
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1623 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003505
- Description: This study elicits and documents knowledge of the natural environment amongst two rural Black communities in Natal namely, the districts of Maphumulo and Ingwavuma.Twenty members of these communities who are older than 60 years of age were interviewed, as older people are considered by the researcher to be important repositories of environmental knowledge. This study records a variety of animals hunted in these communities and discusses various activities associated with this activity. It examines the gathering and the use of wild edible plants like fruits and spinach, and of wild plants alleged to have medicinal value. It reviews indigenous knowledge related to custom beliefs and prohibitions as well as traditional laws associated .with animals and trees. It also considers how this knowledge can contribute towards the development of Environmental Education in South Africa. The data was deduced from the responses elicited from semi-structured interviews. The data was analyzed qualitatively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995