Diurnal and seasonal variations of the F2 region of the Antarctic ionosphere
- Authors: Williams, Morgan Howard
- Date: 1972
- Subjects: Harmonic analysis , Ionosphere -- Antarctic Ocean
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5548 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013459
- Description: [From Introduction, p. 2] The first chapter of this thesis deals with an analysis of F2 critical frequency data first for SANAE and then for eleven other Antarctic and sub-Antarctic stations covering the period 1957 to 1969. This shows certain aspects of the F2 behaviour. Some of the results of this chapter have been reported in a paper by Gledhill and Williams. The two most important mechanisms thought to be responsible for the Antarctic f₀F2 behaviour are incoming corpuscular radiation and horizontal neutral winds. These two mechanisms together with two others (the temperature theory of Torr and Torr and the semi-annual variation of neutral atmospheric density) are discussed in detail in part 2 (Chapters 2 to 4) with a view to discovering which aspects of the f₀F2 behaviour over Antarctica can be explained by each theory. An attempt is made in Part 3 (Chapters 5 and 6) to explain the observed behaviour by solving the continuity equation of the ionosphere for high-latitude stations. Finally, besides the critical frequency, another parameter of importance in explaining the behaviour in the F2 region is the height at which the F2 maximum occurs. This quantity cannot be read directly from an ionogram and it is not an easy quantity to determine. In fact the way in which it is usually obtained is by "scaling" the ionogram in question and converting the virtual heights obtained into real heights. In Part 4 (Chapter 7 and 8) an outline is given of the two computer programs which were written to perform this conversion.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Williams, Morgan Howard
- Date: 1972
- Subjects: Harmonic analysis , Ionosphere -- Antarctic Ocean
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5548 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013459
- Description: [From Introduction, p. 2] The first chapter of this thesis deals with an analysis of F2 critical frequency data first for SANAE and then for eleven other Antarctic and sub-Antarctic stations covering the period 1957 to 1969. This shows certain aspects of the F2 behaviour. Some of the results of this chapter have been reported in a paper by Gledhill and Williams. The two most important mechanisms thought to be responsible for the Antarctic f₀F2 behaviour are incoming corpuscular radiation and horizontal neutral winds. These two mechanisms together with two others (the temperature theory of Torr and Torr and the semi-annual variation of neutral atmospheric density) are discussed in detail in part 2 (Chapters 2 to 4) with a view to discovering which aspects of the f₀F2 behaviour over Antarctica can be explained by each theory. An attempt is made in Part 3 (Chapters 5 and 6) to explain the observed behaviour by solving the continuity equation of the ionosphere for high-latitude stations. Finally, besides the critical frequency, another parameter of importance in explaining the behaviour in the F2 region is the height at which the F2 maximum occurs. This quantity cannot be read directly from an ionogram and it is not an easy quantity to determine. In fact the way in which it is usually obtained is by "scaling" the ionogram in question and converting the virtual heights obtained into real heights. In Part 4 (Chapter 7 and 8) an outline is given of the two computer programs which were written to perform this conversion.
- Full Text:
Human resources in the Cape midlands
- Authors: Truu, Mihkel Lemmit
- Date: 1972
- Subjects: Human capital -- South Africa Personnel management -- South Africa -- Cape of Good Hope.
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1056 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007288
- Description: From Preface: Although Alfred Marshall's definition of economics has been criticised for its allegedly narrow conception of the subject, it is sometimes overlooked that he considered the study of wealth but one side of the matter. To Marshall, the other and "more important" side of economics was that it also forms "a part of the study of man". The basic thought which underlies the present study is a similar one, namely, that economics is not only concerned with goods and service, but also with men and human action. It is spatially confined to an analysis of the human resources in a region consisting of 21 magisterial districts in the Eastern Cape Province, which cover an area of 72, 462 square kilometres, collectively described here as the Cape Midlands.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Truu, Mihkel Lemmit
- Date: 1972
- Subjects: Human capital -- South Africa Personnel management -- South Africa -- Cape of Good Hope.
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1056 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007288
- Description: From Preface: Although Alfred Marshall's definition of economics has been criticised for its allegedly narrow conception of the subject, it is sometimes overlooked that he considered the study of wealth but one side of the matter. To Marshall, the other and "more important" side of economics was that it also forms "a part of the study of man". The basic thought which underlies the present study is a similar one, namely, that economics is not only concerned with goods and service, but also with men and human action. It is spatially confined to an analysis of the human resources in a region consisting of 21 magisterial districts in the Eastern Cape Province, which cover an area of 72, 462 square kilometres, collectively described here as the Cape Midlands.
- Full Text:
Monochord to moog : a study of the development of stringed keyboard instruments with special reference to popularity trends
- Authors: Shuttleworth, Betty
- Date: 1972
- Subjects: Keyboard instruments -- History
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2676 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007441
- Description: The object of the present work has been to trace the evolution of stringed keyboard instruments from the monochord to the present day piano forte. So many inventions have occurred that a chronology of these would be both tedious and of little added value to the existing literature. In the present work the emphasis has been on those innovations which achieved some measure of popularity and can be regarded as essential steps in arriving at the products and methods of modern piano manufacturers. In order to bring this work up to date, visits have been paid to John Broadwood & Sons and the British Piano Museum in London; to the Essex Institute and Pingree House in Salem, Massachusetts; the Smithsonian Institute (Division of Musical Instruments) in Washington; the various Yamaha Factories in Hamamatsu, Japan; and the Piano Manufacturing Company in Wellington, South Africa. Special attention has also been paid to the development and popularity trends of mechanical, pneumatic and electric pianos. In the last Chapter of this study, the information gained is applied to the identification and dating of stringed keyboard instruments found in South Africa or referred to in newspapers or Africana.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Shuttleworth, Betty
- Date: 1972
- Subjects: Keyboard instruments -- History
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2676 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007441
- Description: The object of the present work has been to trace the evolution of stringed keyboard instruments from the monochord to the present day piano forte. So many inventions have occurred that a chronology of these would be both tedious and of little added value to the existing literature. In the present work the emphasis has been on those innovations which achieved some measure of popularity and can be regarded as essential steps in arriving at the products and methods of modern piano manufacturers. In order to bring this work up to date, visits have been paid to John Broadwood & Sons and the British Piano Museum in London; to the Essex Institute and Pingree House in Salem, Massachusetts; the Smithsonian Institute (Division of Musical Instruments) in Washington; the various Yamaha Factories in Hamamatsu, Japan; and the Piano Manufacturing Company in Wellington, South Africa. Special attention has also been paid to the development and popularity trends of mechanical, pneumatic and electric pianos. In the last Chapter of this study, the information gained is applied to the identification and dating of stringed keyboard instruments found in South Africa or referred to in newspapers or Africana.
- Full Text:
The great bonds : nature, law and grace in "King Lear", "Antony and Cleopatra" and "Macbeth"
- Authors: Simpson, Mary-Helen Dawn
- Date: 1972
- Subjects: Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Macbeth , Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Antony and Cleopatra , Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. King Lear
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2315 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013229
- Description: By looking at the world inhabited by those characters who partake of the dramatic action in King Lear, Antony and Cleopatra and Macbeth, and the relationship of these characters to their world, or universe, it is hoped to establish how certain factors affect the genesis, development and resolution of the tragedies in which they play their roles. This will be done by an examination of what Shakespeare sometimes called the "Bonds," which, as we shall see, derive from the mediaeval concepts of Nature, Law and Grace that were current in his time. This thesis does not claim to offer a complete or exclusive solution to the problem of the critical interpretation of these three tragedies: one of the dangers of Literary criticism has always appeared to the writer to be that of maintaining that the approach adopted is the only one and of attempting to demonstrate that the theory coincides at every point with the work - admitting of no inconsistencies or alternatives, and thereby making nonsense of a theory that does have considerable validiity. Similarly, it is with considerable hesitation that names have been given to the various Bonds discussed. Once one names them and applies a certain range of definitions to these names, it is difficult to stress that the names and definitions are not static or rigid. The Bond of Nature, for example, although it has a central core of meaning common to all three tragedies, is not treated from the same viewpoint in King Lear as it is in Antony and Cleopatra or Macbeth. Three considerations have prompted the writer to select this subject for the theme of a thesis. Firstly , the hypothesis that some failure, violation, misunderstanding or inadequacy of the Bonds lies at the heart of the tragic movement does appear to augment existing concepts of the nature of tragedy and help us better to understand the Why? How? and When? of the tragic process. Secondly, the concept of the principles of Nature, Law and Grace as determinants of the Bonds, which occurs so frequently in Elizabethan thinking, does seem to offer us a unified approach to their treatment of man and the world he inhabits at any particular point in history. By quoting from a wide range of sources dealing with this subject, the writer hopes to demonstrate that such a concept did exist, and that it was relatively consistent and generally accepted by Shakespeare and many of his contemporaries. It is, moreover, a system of thought that can embrace within its ambit such diverse materials as the great chain of being; the microcosm and the macrocosm; the nature of the soul; the structure of the family, the clan or the nation; the concepts of sin, damnation and life everlasting; the four elements; and the humours - and assign to these and many others a proper nature, place and function in the overall scheme. Thirdly, the writer was prompted to select this subject for a thesis because no critical writing to date appears to have dealt fully with the subject of the Bonds and their relationship to these principles of Nature, Law and Grace in Shakespearean tragedy . There have, it is true, been critics who have dealt with facets of these principles, and there have been critics who have commented on the violation, misunderstanding or inadequacy of various Bonds, but none of them seems to have dealt with the subject as a whole. Preface, p. iv-vi.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Simpson, Mary-Helen Dawn
- Date: 1972
- Subjects: Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Macbeth , Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Antony and Cleopatra , Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. King Lear
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2315 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013229
- Description: By looking at the world inhabited by those characters who partake of the dramatic action in King Lear, Antony and Cleopatra and Macbeth, and the relationship of these characters to their world, or universe, it is hoped to establish how certain factors affect the genesis, development and resolution of the tragedies in which they play their roles. This will be done by an examination of what Shakespeare sometimes called the "Bonds," which, as we shall see, derive from the mediaeval concepts of Nature, Law and Grace that were current in his time. This thesis does not claim to offer a complete or exclusive solution to the problem of the critical interpretation of these three tragedies: one of the dangers of Literary criticism has always appeared to the writer to be that of maintaining that the approach adopted is the only one and of attempting to demonstrate that the theory coincides at every point with the work - admitting of no inconsistencies or alternatives, and thereby making nonsense of a theory that does have considerable validiity. Similarly, it is with considerable hesitation that names have been given to the various Bonds discussed. Once one names them and applies a certain range of definitions to these names, it is difficult to stress that the names and definitions are not static or rigid. The Bond of Nature, for example, although it has a central core of meaning common to all three tragedies, is not treated from the same viewpoint in King Lear as it is in Antony and Cleopatra or Macbeth. Three considerations have prompted the writer to select this subject for the theme of a thesis. Firstly , the hypothesis that some failure, violation, misunderstanding or inadequacy of the Bonds lies at the heart of the tragic movement does appear to augment existing concepts of the nature of tragedy and help us better to understand the Why? How? and When? of the tragic process. Secondly, the concept of the principles of Nature, Law and Grace as determinants of the Bonds, which occurs so frequently in Elizabethan thinking, does seem to offer us a unified approach to their treatment of man and the world he inhabits at any particular point in history. By quoting from a wide range of sources dealing with this subject, the writer hopes to demonstrate that such a concept did exist, and that it was relatively consistent and generally accepted by Shakespeare and many of his contemporaries. It is, moreover, a system of thought that can embrace within its ambit such diverse materials as the great chain of being; the microcosm and the macrocosm; the nature of the soul; the structure of the family, the clan or the nation; the concepts of sin, damnation and life everlasting; the four elements; and the humours - and assign to these and many others a proper nature, place and function in the overall scheme. Thirdly, the writer was prompted to select this subject for a thesis because no critical writing to date appears to have dealt fully with the subject of the Bonds and their relationship to these principles of Nature, Law and Grace in Shakespearean tragedy . There have, it is true, been critics who have dealt with facets of these principles, and there have been critics who have commented on the violation, misunderstanding or inadequacy of various Bonds, but none of them seems to have dealt with the subject as a whole. Preface, p. iv-vi.
- Full Text:
The novelistic documentary : a study of the non-fiction novel
- Authors: Visser, N W
- Date: 1972
- Subjects: Nonfiction novel , Reportage literature -- History and criticism
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2316 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013280
- Full Text:
- Authors: Visser, N W
- Date: 1972
- Subjects: Nonfiction novel , Reportage literature -- History and criticism
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2316 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013280
- Full Text:
Thermal decomposition of ammonium metavanadate
- Authors: Stewart, Brian Victor
- Date: 1972
- Subjects: Decomposition (Chemistry) , Solids -- Thermal properties , Ammonia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4503 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013274
- Description: The isothermal, endothermic, stepwise decomposition of ammonium metavanadate (AMV) in inert (argon or nitrogen), oxidising (air or oxygen) and reducing (ammonia) atmospheres as well as under high vacuum (pressure < IOn bar) conditions has been investigated. The reverse reaction, the isothermal recombination of V₂ 0₅ with ammonia and water vapour has also been investigated. The decomposition and recombination reactions were followed by continuously recording the mass loss of the sample with time using a Cahn R.G. Automatic Electrobalance. This enabled small samples ( ~ lOmg) to be used and consequently any self cooling of the sample during the decomposition was minimized. The intermediates and final products formed have been characterized by chemical analysis, X-ray powder diffraction studies, infrared spectroscopy and the mass loss involved in their formation. The changes in the physical properties of the samples during decomposition and recombination have been investigated by surface area measurements (using the BET method and krypton adsorption) and eIectron microscopy. Values for the enthalpy changes involved in the decomposition have been obtained by differential scanning calorimetry. The stoichiometry of the isothermal decomposition of ammonium metavanadate, under the various conditions of surrounding atmosphere has been discussed. Except for the later stages of the decomposition in ammonia, the results correspond well to the gradual reduction of the ratio of "(NH₄)₂ 0" to "V₂0₅" units from the original 1:1 ratio in ammonium metavanadate to pure "V₂0₅" with ammonia and water being evolved throughout the decomposition in the mole ratio of 2:1. The final product of the decomposition in vacuum, argon and air is "V₂0₅" and in ammonia, below 360°, V0₂. The kinetic parameters for each of the stages of the decomposition of AMV in each of the atmospheres studied have been determined. The mechanism of the first stage of the decomposition under the different conditions of surrounding atmosphere has been discussed from both the kinetic and the thermodynamic points of view. The absolute reaction rate theory has been applied to the decomposition in inert atmospheres enabling the formulae of the activated complexes formed during each stage to be calculated. It has also been shown that the detailed atomic movements occurring during the first stage of the decomposition in ammonia can be predicted from a knowledge of the stoichiometry of the reaction and of the detailed crystal structures of the starting and product materials. The kinetics and mechanism of the recombination of "V₂0₅" with ammonia and water vapour to form AMV have also been discussed in detail.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Stewart, Brian Victor
- Date: 1972
- Subjects: Decomposition (Chemistry) , Solids -- Thermal properties , Ammonia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4503 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013274
- Description: The isothermal, endothermic, stepwise decomposition of ammonium metavanadate (AMV) in inert (argon or nitrogen), oxidising (air or oxygen) and reducing (ammonia) atmospheres as well as under high vacuum (pressure < IOn bar) conditions has been investigated. The reverse reaction, the isothermal recombination of V₂ 0₅ with ammonia and water vapour has also been investigated. The decomposition and recombination reactions were followed by continuously recording the mass loss of the sample with time using a Cahn R.G. Automatic Electrobalance. This enabled small samples ( ~ lOmg) to be used and consequently any self cooling of the sample during the decomposition was minimized. The intermediates and final products formed have been characterized by chemical analysis, X-ray powder diffraction studies, infrared spectroscopy and the mass loss involved in their formation. The changes in the physical properties of the samples during decomposition and recombination have been investigated by surface area measurements (using the BET method and krypton adsorption) and eIectron microscopy. Values for the enthalpy changes involved in the decomposition have been obtained by differential scanning calorimetry. The stoichiometry of the isothermal decomposition of ammonium metavanadate, under the various conditions of surrounding atmosphere has been discussed. Except for the later stages of the decomposition in ammonia, the results correspond well to the gradual reduction of the ratio of "(NH₄)₂ 0" to "V₂0₅" units from the original 1:1 ratio in ammonium metavanadate to pure "V₂0₅" with ammonia and water being evolved throughout the decomposition in the mole ratio of 2:1. The final product of the decomposition in vacuum, argon and air is "V₂0₅" and in ammonia, below 360°, V0₂. The kinetic parameters for each of the stages of the decomposition of AMV in each of the atmospheres studied have been determined. The mechanism of the first stage of the decomposition under the different conditions of surrounding atmosphere has been discussed from both the kinetic and the thermodynamic points of view. The absolute reaction rate theory has been applied to the decomposition in inert atmospheres enabling the formulae of the activated complexes formed during each stage to be calculated. It has also been shown that the detailed atomic movements occurring during the first stage of the decomposition in ammonia can be predicted from a knowledge of the stoichiometry of the reaction and of the detailed crystal structures of the starting and product materials. The kinetics and mechanism of the recombination of "V₂0₅" with ammonia and water vapour to form AMV have also been discussed in detail.
- Full Text:
A contribution to the biology of warthog (Phacochoerus africanus, Gmelin) in the Sengwa region of Rhodesia
- Authors: Cumming, D H M
- Date: 1971
- Subjects: Warthog Warthog -- Physiology Warthog -- Ecology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5843 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1010740
- Description: To the AmaZulu a warthog is "inhlovudawana" or "little elephant"; to arrogant hunters it is the "poor man's rhinoceros"; to some writers of encyclopaediae it is a "grotesque and hideous beast"; to stockmen it has long been a carrier of diseases. Injury was added to insult with the discovery that the blood of these self-assured, often comical and certainly engaging animals supports the greater proportion of tsetse flies in the African savannas. Their significance as the primary hosts of Glossina morsitans Westw., the vectors of tryanosomiasis, justified an extended field study of warthog biology. This thesis reports four years of field work on warthogs, together with complementary observations of hand-reared warthogs (and their offspring) which roamed freely in the vicinity of the remote field station on which I live. The Sengwa Research Project, of which this study forms a part, was initiated in 1965 to study relationships between game animals and tsetse flies. One of the main problems investigated in the Sengwa Project is that of "host encounter" (Glasgow, 1961, Bursell, 1970) and how the distribution, abundance and behaviour of game animals may affect their availability to hungry tsetse flies. I have, accordingly, been concerned with discovering how warthog are dispersed in the Sengwa area and have attempted to gain some understanding of the factors, both environmental and social, which may affect or govern their dispersion and possibly population number. Intro. p. 1.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Cumming, D H M
- Date: 1971
- Subjects: Warthog Warthog -- Physiology Warthog -- Ecology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5843 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1010740
- Description: To the AmaZulu a warthog is "inhlovudawana" or "little elephant"; to arrogant hunters it is the "poor man's rhinoceros"; to some writers of encyclopaediae it is a "grotesque and hideous beast"; to stockmen it has long been a carrier of diseases. Injury was added to insult with the discovery that the blood of these self-assured, often comical and certainly engaging animals supports the greater proportion of tsetse flies in the African savannas. Their significance as the primary hosts of Glossina morsitans Westw., the vectors of tryanosomiasis, justified an extended field study of warthog biology. This thesis reports four years of field work on warthogs, together with complementary observations of hand-reared warthogs (and their offspring) which roamed freely in the vicinity of the remote field station on which I live. The Sengwa Research Project, of which this study forms a part, was initiated in 1965 to study relationships between game animals and tsetse flies. One of the main problems investigated in the Sengwa Project is that of "host encounter" (Glasgow, 1961, Bursell, 1970) and how the distribution, abundance and behaviour of game animals may affect their availability to hungry tsetse flies. I have, accordingly, been concerned with discovering how warthog are dispersed in the Sengwa area and have attempted to gain some understanding of the factors, both environmental and social, which may affect or govern their dispersion and possibly population number. Intro. p. 1.
- Full Text:
Creative processes in young children
- Authors: Styles, Irene Mavis
- Date: 1971
- Subjects: Creative ability in children , Creative thinking
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3244 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013327
- Description: Enthusiasm for developing creativity in the individual has been remarkably widespread - at least in America - over the past twenty-five years or so. The armed services, the arts and sciences, educational institutions, businesses and industries are recognising to a greater and greater extent, the urgent necessity of developing this relatively neglected aspect of people is personalities. Their reasons differ, of course, and usually the welfare of the individual himself is not the main concern. This is perhaps fortunate, as advances made on philanthropic grounds alone have never progressed very rapidly. In business and industry, new ideas are urgently needed for survival - this was especially evident after World War II which was, in the end, really a battle of ideas. The importance of this implication has not decreased with distance in time from that conflagration, indeed, individuals in the armed services are probably the people most deeply involved in and the most concerned with the problem of developing creative thought. "We are in a mortal struggle for the survival of our way of life", writes Guilford. "The need (for developing creativity) is a national crisis" says Anderson*. Intro., p. 1.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Styles, Irene Mavis
- Date: 1971
- Subjects: Creative ability in children , Creative thinking
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3244 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013327
- Description: Enthusiasm for developing creativity in the individual has been remarkably widespread - at least in America - over the past twenty-five years or so. The armed services, the arts and sciences, educational institutions, businesses and industries are recognising to a greater and greater extent, the urgent necessity of developing this relatively neglected aspect of people is personalities. Their reasons differ, of course, and usually the welfare of the individual himself is not the main concern. This is perhaps fortunate, as advances made on philanthropic grounds alone have never progressed very rapidly. In business and industry, new ideas are urgently needed for survival - this was especially evident after World War II which was, in the end, really a battle of ideas. The importance of this implication has not decreased with distance in time from that conflagration, indeed, individuals in the armed services are probably the people most deeply involved in and the most concerned with the problem of developing creative thought. "We are in a mortal struggle for the survival of our way of life", writes Guilford. "The need (for developing creativity) is a national crisis" says Anderson*. Intro., p. 1.
- Full Text:
Developmental studies of certain South African Ascostromatic ascomycetes
- Authors: Tim, Stephen K-M
- Date: 1971
- Subjects: Fungi -- Parasites Ascomycetes Pyrenomycetes -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4245 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007289
- Description: From General Introduction: Toward the last half of the nineteenth century, the structure and mode of development of the ascocarp has aroused much interest. De Bary (1887) recognised the fruiting bodies of the Ascomycetes as 'compound sporophores' made up of interwoven hyphae or of pseudoparenchyma consisting of a peripheral layer separate from an inner tissue. These fruiting bodies included the discocarp or apothecium, the pyrenocarp or perithecium and the cleistocarp or cleistothecium. The name, Pyrenomycetes, has been variously applied to a group of Ascomycetes but mainly to the perithecial types, inclusive of the true perithecia and the loculate forms. The perithecium itself was described as a 'cup-shaped discomycetous' sporocarp with margins incurved to form a pyriform structure (de Bary, 1887). The presence or absence of a stroma had been long considered as a basis for the separation of the major groups of the Ascomycetes. Separation on these grounds was found unacceptable as it grouped together clearly unrelated species or separated related ones. As the subdivisions of the pyrenomycetous Ascomycetes are dependent upon the morphological features of the ascocarp, it would be pertinent to discuss the following: a) The Stroma. b) The various forms of ascocarp which mayor may not be associated with such a stroma. i) Perithecia: free or immersed in a stroma. ii) Uni- or multiloculate stromata. c) The centrum, the details associated with the centrum and the use of these details in the taxonomy of the pyrenomycetes.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Tim, Stephen K-M
- Date: 1971
- Subjects: Fungi -- Parasites Ascomycetes Pyrenomycetes -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4245 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007289
- Description: From General Introduction: Toward the last half of the nineteenth century, the structure and mode of development of the ascocarp has aroused much interest. De Bary (1887) recognised the fruiting bodies of the Ascomycetes as 'compound sporophores' made up of interwoven hyphae or of pseudoparenchyma consisting of a peripheral layer separate from an inner tissue. These fruiting bodies included the discocarp or apothecium, the pyrenocarp or perithecium and the cleistocarp or cleistothecium. The name, Pyrenomycetes, has been variously applied to a group of Ascomycetes but mainly to the perithecial types, inclusive of the true perithecia and the loculate forms. The perithecium itself was described as a 'cup-shaped discomycetous' sporocarp with margins incurved to form a pyriform structure (de Bary, 1887). The presence or absence of a stroma had been long considered as a basis for the separation of the major groups of the Ascomycetes. Separation on these grounds was found unacceptable as it grouped together clearly unrelated species or separated related ones. As the subdivisions of the pyrenomycetous Ascomycetes are dependent upon the morphological features of the ascocarp, it would be pertinent to discuss the following: a) The Stroma. b) The various forms of ascocarp which mayor may not be associated with such a stroma. i) Perithecia: free or immersed in a stroma. ii) Uni- or multiloculate stromata. c) The centrum, the details associated with the centrum and the use of these details in the taxonomy of the pyrenomycetes.
- Full Text:
Extractives of Leonotis and Euryops species
- Authors: Eagle, G A
- Date: 1971
- Subjects: Stereochemistry Leonotis -- Analysis Euryops -- Analysis Botanical chemistry
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4465 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011610
- Description: The isolation and structure determination of dubiin and leonitin, two new diterpenoid acetates from Leonotis dubia and Leonotis leonitis respectively, are discussed. The compounds are diterpenoids of the labdane type and are closely related to marrubiin. The proposed structures are based on chemical and spectral evidence. Dubiin, C₂₂H₃₀0₆̕ contains a tertiary hydroxy- group, a furan ring and a ó-lactone while leonitin, C₂₂H₃₀0₇̕ is a γ - dilactone. at C-20. Both compounds are unusual in being oxygenated The extraction of three Euryops species and the isolation of euryopsol, C₂₂H₃₀0₄̕̕ are also described. A furanoeremophilane structure containing three hydroxy- groups, one of which is at a bridgehead position, is proposed. Euryopsol is the first furanoeremophilanoid with a substituent attached at C-IO
- Full Text:
- Authors: Eagle, G A
- Date: 1971
- Subjects: Stereochemistry Leonotis -- Analysis Euryops -- Analysis Botanical chemistry
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4465 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011610
- Description: The isolation and structure determination of dubiin and leonitin, two new diterpenoid acetates from Leonotis dubia and Leonotis leonitis respectively, are discussed. The compounds are diterpenoids of the labdane type and are closely related to marrubiin. The proposed structures are based on chemical and spectral evidence. Dubiin, C₂₂H₃₀0₆̕ contains a tertiary hydroxy- group, a furan ring and a ó-lactone while leonitin, C₂₂H₃₀0₇̕ is a γ - dilactone. at C-20. Both compounds are unusual in being oxygenated The extraction of three Euryops species and the isolation of euryopsol, C₂₂H₃₀0₄̕̕ are also described. A furanoeremophilane structure containing three hydroxy- groups, one of which is at a bridgehead position, is proposed. Euryopsol is the first furanoeremophilanoid with a substituent attached at C-IO
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In community in Christ: a study of theological setting of the sacraments in the New Testament
- Authors: Moore, Basil S
- Date: 1971
- Subjects: Sacraments Sacraments (Liturgy)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1240 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007688
- Description: Introduction: Neville Clark has rightly warned against the attempt to approach the theology of the sacraments from a broad and general definition of a 'sacrament' from which we 'read off' a Christian doctrine of the sacraments without paying due regard to the biblical statements. Such an approach could not but obscure the essential differences between the sacraments, and the fact that they stem from historical roots. On the other hand, the specialist treatment of the sacraments which begins by making a detailed analysis of the biblical material fails to do justice to the wholeness of biblical theology and tends to treat the sacraments in isolation not only from each other but also from other aspects of Christian theology with which they are inalienably connected. Bearing in mind the difficulties inherent in both of these approaches, a fresh and more systematic approach is required.
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- Authors: Moore, Basil S
- Date: 1971
- Subjects: Sacraments Sacraments (Liturgy)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1240 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007688
- Description: Introduction: Neville Clark has rightly warned against the attempt to approach the theology of the sacraments from a broad and general definition of a 'sacrament' from which we 'read off' a Christian doctrine of the sacraments without paying due regard to the biblical statements. Such an approach could not but obscure the essential differences between the sacraments, and the fact that they stem from historical roots. On the other hand, the specialist treatment of the sacraments which begins by making a detailed analysis of the biblical material fails to do justice to the wholeness of biblical theology and tends to treat the sacraments in isolation not only from each other but also from other aspects of Christian theology with which they are inalienably connected. Bearing in mind the difficulties inherent in both of these approaches, a fresh and more systematic approach is required.
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The novels of André Malraux : a restatement of man's tragic dilemma in contemporary terms
- Authors: Greshoff, C J
- Date: 1971
- Subjects: Malraux, André, 1901-1976 -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2299 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012092
- Description: Writing about Eighteenth Century England, and more particularly about the age of Johnson, Trevelyan gives us an admirable definition of a classical age: It is a "classical age, that is an age of unchallenged assumptions, when the philosophers of the streets such as Dr. Johnson, have ample leisure to moralise on the human scene, in the happy belief that the state of society and the modes of thought to which they are accustomed are not mere passing aspects of an ever shifting kaleidoscope, but permanent habitations, the final outcome of reason and experience. Such an age does not aspire to progress, though it may in fact be progressing; it regards itself not as setting out but as having arrived." To apply this definition of a classical age to the protean Nineteenth Century might, at first glance, seem impossible or at least dangerous. Yet it is only when we see this century - and more particularly the period 1871-1914 - as a truly classical age, as the classical age of the Bourgeoisie, that we can understand the direction and meaning of the revolt during the Twenties and Thirties of which Malraux' work is so representative. Introduction, page 1.
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- Authors: Greshoff, C J
- Date: 1971
- Subjects: Malraux, André, 1901-1976 -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2299 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012092
- Description: Writing about Eighteenth Century England, and more particularly about the age of Johnson, Trevelyan gives us an admirable definition of a classical age: It is a "classical age, that is an age of unchallenged assumptions, when the philosophers of the streets such as Dr. Johnson, have ample leisure to moralise on the human scene, in the happy belief that the state of society and the modes of thought to which they are accustomed are not mere passing aspects of an ever shifting kaleidoscope, but permanent habitations, the final outcome of reason and experience. Such an age does not aspire to progress, though it may in fact be progressing; it regards itself not as setting out but as having arrived." To apply this definition of a classical age to the protean Nineteenth Century might, at first glance, seem impossible or at least dangerous. Yet it is only when we see this century - and more particularly the period 1871-1914 - as a truly classical age, as the classical age of the Bourgeoisie, that we can understand the direction and meaning of the revolt during the Twenties and Thirties of which Malraux' work is so representative. Introduction, page 1.
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The Wesleyan Methodist Church in the Transvaal, 1823-1902
- Authors: Veysie, Donald Clifford
- Date: 1971
- Subjects: Methodist Church of Southern Africa Methodist Church of Southern Africa -- History Transvaal (South Africa) -- History -- To 1880 Transvaal (South Africa) -- History -- 1880-1910
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1234 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007463
- Description: From Preface: A preliminary survey of the history of the Wesleyan Methodist Church in the Transvaal revealed that the period of the early missions, before the formation of the Transvaal and Swaziland District, required research into the documents of other Districts for the purpose of writing a detailed history. It was therefore decided to confine research to the Documents of the Transvaal and Swaziland District and to write introductory chapters on the period of the early missions. The detailed research for this dissertation begins, therefore, with the creation of the Transvaal and Swaziland District in 1880. The natural point at which to finish appeared, at first, to be the beginning of the Second Transvaal War of Independence, but further research indicated that it would be more useful to conclude with the end of the war in 1902.
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- Authors: Veysie, Donald Clifford
- Date: 1971
- Subjects: Methodist Church of Southern Africa Methodist Church of Southern Africa -- History Transvaal (South Africa) -- History -- To 1880 Transvaal (South Africa) -- History -- 1880-1910
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1234 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007463
- Description: From Preface: A preliminary survey of the history of the Wesleyan Methodist Church in the Transvaal revealed that the period of the early missions, before the formation of the Transvaal and Swaziland District, required research into the documents of other Districts for the purpose of writing a detailed history. It was therefore decided to confine research to the Documents of the Transvaal and Swaziland District and to write introductory chapters on the period of the early missions. The detailed research for this dissertation begins, therefore, with the creation of the Transvaal and Swaziland District in 1880. The natural point at which to finish appeared, at first, to be the beginning of the Second Transvaal War of Independence, but further research indicated that it would be more useful to conclude with the end of the war in 1902.
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W.H. Auden: a study of his poetry and its critics, 1930-1960
- Authors: Millard, Geoffrey Charles
- Date: 1971
- Subjects: Auden, W. H., (Wystan Hugh), 1907-1973 -- Criticism and interpretation English poetry -- 20th century -- History and criticism
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2284 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007629
- Description: How does a poet fare nowadays at the hands of his critics? This study examines the critical reception Auden received from 1930 to 1960; through a close consideration of a selection of the poems written in this period it will be demonstrated that a considerble discrepency exists between Auden's poetic achievement and. the criticism it received. The main reason for this discrepancy is the lack of attention to individual poems in favour of sweeping surveys of a volume of poetry or the poet's total output. The core of the thesis lies here and the thesis as a whole derives from concern for a poet's reputation during his poetic career.
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- Authors: Millard, Geoffrey Charles
- Date: 1971
- Subjects: Auden, W. H., (Wystan Hugh), 1907-1973 -- Criticism and interpretation English poetry -- 20th century -- History and criticism
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2284 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007629
- Description: How does a poet fare nowadays at the hands of his critics? This study examines the critical reception Auden received from 1930 to 1960; through a close consideration of a selection of the poems written in this period it will be demonstrated that a considerble discrepency exists between Auden's poetic achievement and. the criticism it received. The main reason for this discrepancy is the lack of attention to individual poems in favour of sweeping surveys of a volume of poetry or the poet's total output. The core of the thesis lies here and the thesis as a whole derives from concern for a poet's reputation during his poetic career.
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A critical analysis of the teaching of fundamental physical concepts and principles, with particular reference to South African schools
- Authors: Helm, Hugh
- Date: 1970
- Subjects: Physics -- Study and teaching -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5541 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013345
- Description: From introduction: The main purpose of the present study is to give a detailed critical survey of possible teaching approaches to fundamental physical ooncepts and principles which could reasonably be taught at sohool, and to consider the implications of this survey for the teaching of physical science in South Africa
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- Authors: Helm, Hugh
- Date: 1970
- Subjects: Physics -- Study and teaching -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5541 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013345
- Description: From introduction: The main purpose of the present study is to give a detailed critical survey of possible teaching approaches to fundamental physical ooncepts and principles which could reasonably be taught at sohool, and to consider the implications of this survey for the teaching of physical science in South Africa
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An experimental investigation of three developmental reading programmes
- Pienaar, P T (Peter Thomas), 1932-
- Authors: Pienaar, P T (Peter Thomas), 1932-
- Date: 1970
- Subjects: Reading (Adult education) Reading comprehension Reading (Elementary)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2283 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007614
- Description: From Chapter one - 1.1 Genesis: My interest in increasing the efficiency of children's silent reading began in 1958 when I was teaching a Standard 5A of 24 boys and 15 girls in a two-stream Primary School in Rhodesia. the majority of children were able readers and the mean Word Reading Age was 12.7 which, in relation to an average chronological age of 12.3, yeilded an above average Reading Quotient of 103. These children needed lots of reading practice, and in addition to the usual Reading periods I resolved to set aside at least one period a week for Comprehension, as reading for meaning was then called.
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- Authors: Pienaar, P T (Peter Thomas), 1932-
- Date: 1970
- Subjects: Reading (Adult education) Reading comprehension Reading (Elementary)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2283 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007614
- Description: From Chapter one - 1.1 Genesis: My interest in increasing the efficiency of children's silent reading began in 1958 when I was teaching a Standard 5A of 24 boys and 15 girls in a two-stream Primary School in Rhodesia. the majority of children were able readers and the mean Word Reading Age was 12.7 which, in relation to an average chronological age of 12.3, yeilded an above average Reading Quotient of 103. These children needed lots of reading practice, and in addition to the usual Reading periods I resolved to set aside at least one period a week for Comprehension, as reading for meaning was then called.
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Contributions to the development of the piano sonata : the sonatas of Joseph Haydn, with special reference to their historic position and to the influence of German, Austrian and Italian elements on their form and style
- Authors: Heuschneider, Karin
- Date: 1970
- Subjects: Haydn, Joseph, 1732-1809 Music -- History and criticism -- 18th century Music, influence of -- Germany Music, influence of -- Austria Music, influence of -- Italy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2684 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012264
- Description: This thesis, which is intended for inclusion in "The Piano Sonatas of the 18th century in Austria" (Vol.3 in the publication series "Contributions the the development of the Piano Sonata") aims to evaluate Haydn's position within the history of the piano sonata. In spite of the widespread popularity of Haydn's sonatas among professional musicians and amateurs, surprisingly little has yet been published regarding the compositional aspects of these works. The main contributions of musicological value were written by Hermann Abert, Karl Geiringer, Walter Georgii and William S.Newman. The recent studies, published as Vol.l and Vol.2 in the above mentioned series, made it possible to trace in much greater detail the various formative factors that influenced the form and style of Haydn's piano sonatas. Moreover, it proved the composer's personal merits not only in the development of this specific genre but also in the creation of 'The International Viennese Language of the High-Classical Period'. The newly gained insight, in turn, should lead to an even higher appreciation of the great master, who utilized the achievements of his predecessors and contemporaries in an original and individual manner and thereby gained a position far superior to that of many other composers.
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- Authors: Heuschneider, Karin
- Date: 1970
- Subjects: Haydn, Joseph, 1732-1809 Music -- History and criticism -- 18th century Music, influence of -- Germany Music, influence of -- Austria Music, influence of -- Italy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2684 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012264
- Description: This thesis, which is intended for inclusion in "The Piano Sonatas of the 18th century in Austria" (Vol.3 in the publication series "Contributions the the development of the Piano Sonata") aims to evaluate Haydn's position within the history of the piano sonata. In spite of the widespread popularity of Haydn's sonatas among professional musicians and amateurs, surprisingly little has yet been published regarding the compositional aspects of these works. The main contributions of musicological value were written by Hermann Abert, Karl Geiringer, Walter Georgii and William S.Newman. The recent studies, published as Vol.l and Vol.2 in the above mentioned series, made it possible to trace in much greater detail the various formative factors that influenced the form and style of Haydn's piano sonatas. Moreover, it proved the composer's personal merits not only in the development of this specific genre but also in the creation of 'The International Viennese Language of the High-Classical Period'. The newly gained insight, in turn, should lead to an even higher appreciation of the great master, who utilized the achievements of his predecessors and contemporaries in an original and individual manner and thereby gained a position far superior to that of many other composers.
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Deliberately withheld meaning : aspects of narrative technique in four novels by William Faulkner
- Authors: Walters, Paul S
- Date: 1970
- Subjects: Faulkner, William, 1897-1962 -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2167 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001746
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- Authors: Walters, Paul S
- Date: 1970
- Subjects: Faulkner, William, 1897-1962 -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2167 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001746
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Shakespeare's early comedies: studies in The comedy of errors, The taming of the shrew and The two gentlemen of Verona
- Authors: Bryant, Peter
- Date: 1970
- Subjects: Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Comedy of Errors Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Comedies Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Two gentlemen of Verona Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Taming of the shrew
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2291 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009964
- Description: This dissertation offers fairly full readings of three early Shakespearean comedies. Because these works are still partly misunderstood, it has seemed reasonable to lay the critical emphasis on explication, though a certain amount of judging has been inevitable. The aim has been to induce recognition of aspects of these plays to which much modern criticism has seemed opaque.
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- Authors: Bryant, Peter
- Date: 1970
- Subjects: Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Comedy of Errors Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Comedies Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Two gentlemen of Verona Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Taming of the shrew
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2291 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009964
- Description: This dissertation offers fairly full readings of three early Shakespearean comedies. Because these works are still partly misunderstood, it has seemed reasonable to lay the critical emphasis on explication, though a certain amount of judging has been inevitable. The aim has been to induce recognition of aspects of these plays to which much modern criticism has seemed opaque.
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The archetypal fable : an inquiry into the function of traditional symbolism in the poetry of Edwin Muir
- Authors: Gillmer, J E
- Date: 1970
- Subjects: Muir, Edwin, 1887-1959 -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2297 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011975
- Description: Edwin Muir's poetic vision is bound up with that belief in a twofold structure of reality that in European culture has been called Platonist but which is so ancient and widespread that no one can determine its origins. Though no longer fashionable in a time when materialist philosophies flourish and even Christian clerics are busy "de-mythologizing" their faith, it has been the potent source of our greatest poetry and perhaps, as Kathleen Raine believes, of all true poetry. Those who hold this conviction regard the sensible world as the reflection of an "intelligible" or spiritual world which gives meaning and purpose to life, and they see the objects of nature as images that evoke the ideal forms of a divine reality. For poets, as for traditional men, this belief is less a metaphysic than an intuitive way of apprehending and ordering experience, a "learning of the imagination" inherited from ancient and mysterious sources. To Muir it came directly and spontaneously in the symbolic images of dreams, and the fact that he entitled the first version of his autobiography The Story and the Fable testifies to the importance, both for his life and his poetry, of his belief in two corresponding orders of experience. Intro., p. 1-2.
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- Authors: Gillmer, J E
- Date: 1970
- Subjects: Muir, Edwin, 1887-1959 -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2297 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011975
- Description: Edwin Muir's poetic vision is bound up with that belief in a twofold structure of reality that in European culture has been called Platonist but which is so ancient and widespread that no one can determine its origins. Though no longer fashionable in a time when materialist philosophies flourish and even Christian clerics are busy "de-mythologizing" their faith, it has been the potent source of our greatest poetry and perhaps, as Kathleen Raine believes, of all true poetry. Those who hold this conviction regard the sensible world as the reflection of an "intelligible" or spiritual world which gives meaning and purpose to life, and they see the objects of nature as images that evoke the ideal forms of a divine reality. For poets, as for traditional men, this belief is less a metaphysic than an intuitive way of apprehending and ordering experience, a "learning of the imagination" inherited from ancient and mysterious sources. To Muir it came directly and spontaneously in the symbolic images of dreams, and the fact that he entitled the first version of his autobiography The Story and the Fable testifies to the importance, both for his life and his poetry, of his belief in two corresponding orders of experience. Intro., p. 1-2.
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