Geochemical and mineralogical aspects of the Molteno Formation, South Africa
- Authors: Reynolds, Adrian J
- Date: 1980
- Subjects: Sediments (Geology) -- South Africa , Mineralogy -- South Africa , Petrology -- South Africa , Geochemistry -- South Africa , Molteno Formation (South Africa)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4901 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001561
- Description: The Triassic Molteno Formation is a clastic sedimentary sequence consisting of a series of cycles, dominated lithologically by coarse grained sandstones. Aspects of the petrography have been examined using the conventional petrographic microscope as well as the scanning electron microscope. Both solution and overgrowth features are present not only on the quartz grains but also on certain of the heavy mineral species present. Intrastratal solution of garnet would appear to be a significant feature in the Molteno Formation. Mineralogical examination of the laterally persistent Indwe Sandstone Member indicates no significant variation in heavy mineral content. Evidence from a study of zircon elongation ratios shows the presence of two distinct zircon populations indicating two provenance areas. X-ray diffraction and electron microprobe analysis has identified mineral species characteristic of granites, pegmatitic granite and metamorphic rocks, especially amphibolites. Palaeocurrent data indicates that this source area lay to the south-east; to the south the source area consisted mainly of the Cape Supergroup sediments. Analysis for Nb, Zr, Y, Sr, Rb, Zn, Mn, Ba, Cu, Ni, Co, Cr, V and Ti for 22 samples from the Molteno Formation, indicates, as expected for a highly arenaceous sequence, a substantial depletion in these trace elements. No consistent variation of trace element concentration occurs with height in the sequence so trace element content may not be used for purposes of stratigraphic correlation. There are indications of trace element variation with geographical position, no doubt a reflection of the contribution of 2 source areas of different compositions. Factor analysis of the interelement correlations has identified 3 factors which influence the trace element content of the Molteno Formation these are a "heavy mineral" factor, a "pH-Eh" factor and a "clay mineral" factor. These trace factors are ultimately an expression of the source rock composition, the prevailing climate and a combination of the two. Comparison with the more argillaceous overlying Elliot Formation, indicates that factors influencing geochemical variation in this sequence were far more complex than for the Molteno Formation
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1980
- Authors: Reynolds, Adrian J
- Date: 1980
- Subjects: Sediments (Geology) -- South Africa , Mineralogy -- South Africa , Petrology -- South Africa , Geochemistry -- South Africa , Molteno Formation (South Africa)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4901 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001561
- Description: The Triassic Molteno Formation is a clastic sedimentary sequence consisting of a series of cycles, dominated lithologically by coarse grained sandstones. Aspects of the petrography have been examined using the conventional petrographic microscope as well as the scanning electron microscope. Both solution and overgrowth features are present not only on the quartz grains but also on certain of the heavy mineral species present. Intrastratal solution of garnet would appear to be a significant feature in the Molteno Formation. Mineralogical examination of the laterally persistent Indwe Sandstone Member indicates no significant variation in heavy mineral content. Evidence from a study of zircon elongation ratios shows the presence of two distinct zircon populations indicating two provenance areas. X-ray diffraction and electron microprobe analysis has identified mineral species characteristic of granites, pegmatitic granite and metamorphic rocks, especially amphibolites. Palaeocurrent data indicates that this source area lay to the south-east; to the south the source area consisted mainly of the Cape Supergroup sediments. Analysis for Nb, Zr, Y, Sr, Rb, Zn, Mn, Ba, Cu, Ni, Co, Cr, V and Ti for 22 samples from the Molteno Formation, indicates, as expected for a highly arenaceous sequence, a substantial depletion in these trace elements. No consistent variation of trace element concentration occurs with height in the sequence so trace element content may not be used for purposes of stratigraphic correlation. There are indications of trace element variation with geographical position, no doubt a reflection of the contribution of 2 source areas of different compositions. Factor analysis of the interelement correlations has identified 3 factors which influence the trace element content of the Molteno Formation these are a "heavy mineral" factor, a "pH-Eh" factor and a "clay mineral" factor. These trace factors are ultimately an expression of the source rock composition, the prevailing climate and a combination of the two. Comparison with the more argillaceous overlying Elliot Formation, indicates that factors influencing geochemical variation in this sequence were far more complex than for the Molteno Formation
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1980
Geological and economic factors affecting ore reserve estimation and grade control in porphyry type deposits
- Authors: Reichhard-Barends, E O
- Date: 1980
- Subjects: Porphyry , Geology, Economic , Ore deposits , Copper mines and mining
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4921 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004466
- Description: From introduction: The mining of porphyry type deposits accounts for about 50% of the world's present copper (Figs.I,2) and molybdenum production and resources. Mining organizations therefore invest substantial amounts of time, money and skills in the location and delineation of these types of deposit. The optimization of this investment effort is based on complex inter-relationships between geological, economic and political factors. The object of this dissertation is to review the geological and some of the economic aspects involved in the exploration and evaluation of porphyry deposits . These may hopefully provide some practical guidelines for decision making during the exploration and evaluation of such deposits. For the purpose of this dissertation, the exploration-evaluation of porphyry deposits, has been divided into three main stages:- Stage 1 : Geological mapping, interpretation of exploration drilling results and other geological factors which may help in understanding the shape and nature of the deposit. A knowledge of existing geological models for porphyry deposits will be essential in understanding the geological factors affecting tonnage and grade of these deposits Stage 2 Stage 3 (see Part I). Determination of grade-tonnage relationships. This is important in order to establish the different tonnage-grade alternatives for the deposit. Based on this, reserve estimations are calculated for different possible scales of mining. Drilling and sampling techniques, as well as statistical and preliminary economic evaluation methods are applied during this stage (see Part 2). Mine development and feasibility studies involve factors that influence type and scale of mining, and factors affecting mineral processing and extraction in relation to tonnage- grade alternatives. These factors are reviewed in Part 3.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1980
- Authors: Reichhard-Barends, E O
- Date: 1980
- Subjects: Porphyry , Geology, Economic , Ore deposits , Copper mines and mining
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4921 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004466
- Description: From introduction: The mining of porphyry type deposits accounts for about 50% of the world's present copper (Figs.I,2) and molybdenum production and resources. Mining organizations therefore invest substantial amounts of time, money and skills in the location and delineation of these types of deposit. The optimization of this investment effort is based on complex inter-relationships between geological, economic and political factors. The object of this dissertation is to review the geological and some of the economic aspects involved in the exploration and evaluation of porphyry deposits . These may hopefully provide some practical guidelines for decision making during the exploration and evaluation of such deposits. For the purpose of this dissertation, the exploration-evaluation of porphyry deposits, has been divided into three main stages:- Stage 1 : Geological mapping, interpretation of exploration drilling results and other geological factors which may help in understanding the shape and nature of the deposit. A knowledge of existing geological models for porphyry deposits will be essential in understanding the geological factors affecting tonnage and grade of these deposits Stage 2 Stage 3 (see Part I). Determination of grade-tonnage relationships. This is important in order to establish the different tonnage-grade alternatives for the deposit. Based on this, reserve estimations are calculated for different possible scales of mining. Drilling and sampling techniques, as well as statistical and preliminary economic evaluation methods are applied during this stage (see Part 2). Mine development and feasibility studies involve factors that influence type and scale of mining, and factors affecting mineral processing and extraction in relation to tonnage- grade alternatives. These factors are reviewed in Part 3.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1980
Geological factors in the evaluation of vein deposits
- Authors: Neuhoff, Larry E.
- Date: 1980 , 2013-04-02
- Subjects: Veins (Geology) , Hydrothermal deposits , Mineralogy , Geology, Economic
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5029 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006911 , Veins (Geology) , Hydrothermal deposits , Mineralogy , Geology, Economic
- Description: From introduction: Vein-type mineralization, particularly gold, copper, tin and tungsten has provided a source of metal to man for over 2000 years. These deposits are usually small but in some cases are of very high grade. Prior to 1940 veins were extremely important sources of metals because of their relatively high-grades. However, with improved mining, smelting and concentrating methods, much lower grade material became economic, hence these smaller deposits could no longer hold their dominance. Recently the energy crisis and escalating costs of capital for large projects has made smaller deposits attractive once more (Temblay and Descarreaux, 1978) . At the present time gold, tin and tungsten command high prices on world markets. It is for these reasons that a study of the evaluation techniques pertaining to these deposits has been undertaken. In this review the geological factors which influence the evaluation are stressed. In particular, emphasis is placed on the emplacement of vein deposits, and the subsequent chemical and structural modifications of these deposits. The latter part of the review concentrates on the limitations of the sampling and ore reserve techniques that can be applied to the evaluation of mineralized veins. In the conclusion those techniques that are most applicable are stressed, and an evaluation model is outlined.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1980
- Authors: Neuhoff, Larry E.
- Date: 1980 , 2013-04-02
- Subjects: Veins (Geology) , Hydrothermal deposits , Mineralogy , Geology, Economic
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5029 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006911 , Veins (Geology) , Hydrothermal deposits , Mineralogy , Geology, Economic
- Description: From introduction: Vein-type mineralization, particularly gold, copper, tin and tungsten has provided a source of metal to man for over 2000 years. These deposits are usually small but in some cases are of very high grade. Prior to 1940 veins were extremely important sources of metals because of their relatively high-grades. However, with improved mining, smelting and concentrating methods, much lower grade material became economic, hence these smaller deposits could no longer hold their dominance. Recently the energy crisis and escalating costs of capital for large projects has made smaller deposits attractive once more (Temblay and Descarreaux, 1978) . At the present time gold, tin and tungsten command high prices on world markets. It is for these reasons that a study of the evaluation techniques pertaining to these deposits has been undertaken. In this review the geological factors which influence the evaluation are stressed. In particular, emphasis is placed on the emplacement of vein deposits, and the subsequent chemical and structural modifications of these deposits. The latter part of the review concentrates on the limitations of the sampling and ore reserve techniques that can be applied to the evaluation of mineralized veins. In the conclusion those techniques that are most applicable are stressed, and an evaluation model is outlined.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1980
Hans Lodeizen en die romantiek
- Authors: Van der Berg, D Z
- Date: 1980
- Subjects: Lodeizen, Hans, 1924-1950 -- Criticism and interpretation , Poetry, Modern -- History and criticism , Romanticism
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3565 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002088
- Description: Hans Lodeizen is reeds in 1950 oorlede en alhoewel sy bundel Het lnnerlijk behang reeds meer herdrukke beleef het as enige bundel van bekender Vyftigers soos Remco Campert en Hans Andreus, het daar tot dusver sIegs twee krltiese studies en verder korter artikels oor sy digkuns verskyn. Heelwat kritici wys ook op die romantiese trekke in sy digkuns, maar soos bevestig deur De Rover, is daar nog nie aandag gegee aan wat hierdie "romantiek" dan werklik behels nie. As 'n mens die gedigte van Hans Lodeizen en die kritiese werke daaroor lees, word dit gou duidelik dat daar oënskynlik sterk romantiese trekke in sy digkuns aanwesig is, maar dat dit tog nie suiwer romantiek is nle. Soos Rodenko dit uitdruk: "hij is geen romanticus-uit-één-stuk, maar een gebroken romanticus." Deur twee kritici, nl. Stuiveling en Cartens word hy onderskeidelik egter as ekspressionis en surrealis bestempel. Wanneer ons verder in aanmerking neem dat Lodeizen algemeen aanvaar word as die voorloper, of as lid van die Vyftigers wat skerp van die Romantiek verskil, ontstaan die vraag of dit geregverdig is om Lodeizen as 'n "gebroke" of wat-dan-ook-al romantikus te beskou. Die doel van hierdie tesis is dan om na te gean in hoeverre daar weI sprake van romantiese nalewing in sy digkuns is en of dit net nawerking is. In aansluiting by Ziolkowski sal ons van nalewing praat wanneer 'n sekere gegewe, wat ons op grond van die ontleding van die Romantiek in die eerste hoofstuk as "romanties" ervaar, uit die gees van 'n moderne werk spruit. As nawerking beskou ons dan daardie gevalle waar dit duidelik is, dat ons met 'n teksgedeelte oneie aan die gees van die res van die teks te make het, wat nie op die selfde tydsvlak bestaan nie as die teks waarin dit ingebed is. Aangesien nalewing georiënteer is op die ideologiese inhoud van 'n algemene geesteshouding soos dit in die literêre denke tot uitdrukking kom, moet daar eers vasgestel word of daar wel so 'n gedagtekompleks by verskillende Romantiese digters aan te toon is, want slegs enkele, losstaande elemente vorm nog geensins 'n geesteshoudlng of styl nie. Dit is dan die doel van die volgende hoofstuk, terwyl die daaropvolgende hoofstukke sal probeer vasstel of die hoofkenmerke van die tipologiese romantiek wel in die werk van Hans Lodeizen aanwesig is.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1980
- Authors: Van der Berg, D Z
- Date: 1980
- Subjects: Lodeizen, Hans, 1924-1950 -- Criticism and interpretation , Poetry, Modern -- History and criticism , Romanticism
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3565 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002088
- Description: Hans Lodeizen is reeds in 1950 oorlede en alhoewel sy bundel Het lnnerlijk behang reeds meer herdrukke beleef het as enige bundel van bekender Vyftigers soos Remco Campert en Hans Andreus, het daar tot dusver sIegs twee krltiese studies en verder korter artikels oor sy digkuns verskyn. Heelwat kritici wys ook op die romantiese trekke in sy digkuns, maar soos bevestig deur De Rover, is daar nog nie aandag gegee aan wat hierdie "romantiek" dan werklik behels nie. As 'n mens die gedigte van Hans Lodeizen en die kritiese werke daaroor lees, word dit gou duidelik dat daar oënskynlik sterk romantiese trekke in sy digkuns aanwesig is, maar dat dit tog nie suiwer romantiek is nle. Soos Rodenko dit uitdruk: "hij is geen romanticus-uit-één-stuk, maar een gebroken romanticus." Deur twee kritici, nl. Stuiveling en Cartens word hy onderskeidelik egter as ekspressionis en surrealis bestempel. Wanneer ons verder in aanmerking neem dat Lodeizen algemeen aanvaar word as die voorloper, of as lid van die Vyftigers wat skerp van die Romantiek verskil, ontstaan die vraag of dit geregverdig is om Lodeizen as 'n "gebroke" of wat-dan-ook-al romantikus te beskou. Die doel van hierdie tesis is dan om na te gean in hoeverre daar weI sprake van romantiese nalewing in sy digkuns is en of dit net nawerking is. In aansluiting by Ziolkowski sal ons van nalewing praat wanneer 'n sekere gegewe, wat ons op grond van die ontleding van die Romantiek in die eerste hoofstuk as "romanties" ervaar, uit die gees van 'n moderne werk spruit. As nawerking beskou ons dan daardie gevalle waar dit duidelik is, dat ons met 'n teksgedeelte oneie aan die gees van die res van die teks te make het, wat nie op die selfde tydsvlak bestaan nie as die teks waarin dit ingebed is. Aangesien nalewing georiënteer is op die ideologiese inhoud van 'n algemene geesteshouding soos dit in die literêre denke tot uitdrukking kom, moet daar eers vasgestel word of daar wel so 'n gedagtekompleks by verskillende Romantiese digters aan te toon is, want slegs enkele, losstaande elemente vorm nog geensins 'n geesteshoudlng of styl nie. Dit is dan die doel van die volgende hoofstuk, terwyl die daaropvolgende hoofstukke sal probeer vasstel of die hoofkenmerke van die tipologiese romantiek wel in die werk van Hans Lodeizen aanwesig is.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1980
Interaction and transaction : a study of conciliar behaviour in a Black South African township
- Authors: De Jongh, Michael
- Date: 1980
- Subjects: Social interaction -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Black people -- South Africa -- Politics and government , Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2118 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009437
- Description: The recent history of Africa is one of rapid chance. This process is still continuing and even accelerating. The peoples of Africa are being drawn from a subsistence way of life to a money economy and, more often than not, from a rural to an urban environment. South Africa is no exception to this pattern. In fact, as the most developed country on the continent it is in the front-line of this transformation. Various facets of this problem have held the attention of anthropologists world-wide. Southern Africa specifically has produced some of the earliest urban studies (Hellman, 1948), as well as some of the classical contributions to the field (Mitchell, 1956, 1960, 1966, 1969, 1970; Epstein, 1958; Mayer, 1961, "(1971), 1962; Pauw, 1963). Complex as the urban problems are, anthropologists have obviously not been alone in this field. Workers from many disciplines have been and still are required to contribute to the understanding of the process or urbanization as well as the urban process. Partly for this reason no attempt has been made in the present study to illuminate all the varied facets of the urban field. In general, the focus has been on the urban process and more specifically, on part of a local-level political system. Thus only a limited problem has been selected for analysis.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1980
- Authors: De Jongh, Michael
- Date: 1980
- Subjects: Social interaction -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Black people -- South Africa -- Politics and government , Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2118 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009437
- Description: The recent history of Africa is one of rapid chance. This process is still continuing and even accelerating. The peoples of Africa are being drawn from a subsistence way of life to a money economy and, more often than not, from a rural to an urban environment. South Africa is no exception to this pattern. In fact, as the most developed country on the continent it is in the front-line of this transformation. Various facets of this problem have held the attention of anthropologists world-wide. Southern Africa specifically has produced some of the earliest urban studies (Hellman, 1948), as well as some of the classical contributions to the field (Mitchell, 1956, 1960, 1966, 1969, 1970; Epstein, 1958; Mayer, 1961, "(1971), 1962; Pauw, 1963). Complex as the urban problems are, anthropologists have obviously not been alone in this field. Workers from many disciplines have been and still are required to contribute to the understanding of the process or urbanization as well as the urban process. Partly for this reason no attempt has been made in the present study to illuminate all the varied facets of the urban field. In general, the focus has been on the urban process and more specifically, on part of a local-level political system. Thus only a limited problem has been selected for analysis.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1980
Interpretation of mineralogical, chemical and morphological features of duricrusts and its application to mineral exploration
- Authors: Friggens, Peter John
- Date: 1980 , 2013-04-02
- Subjects: Duricrusts , Mineralogy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5021 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006345 , Duricrusts , Mineralogy
- Description: Introduction: The object of mineral exploration is to locate economic deposits with minimum expenditure in time and money . In order to achieve this goal it is essential to select the most favourable environment and to design the search procedures for the environment in question. Duricrusts are a striking feature of tropical and subtropical landscapes where they occur as extensive, resistant horizons which form a surface or near-surface caprock and are best seen in incised landscapes. Since they cover many potentially rich mineral , provinces of the world, it is important to question what effect they have on mineral exploration. Duricrusts are defined as specific soil types formed by near-surface processes associated with weathering . In spite of the sheer aerial extent of soils over the landsurfaces of the earth, Levinson (1974) expressed surprise at how little exploration geologists know about this surficial environment . Weathering and pedogenetic processes therefore, require discussion in this text. However, in order to adhere to the scope of this dissertation only a brief description of the factors and characteristics of soil formation are given in the first chapter. In the second part, duricrusts are differentiated on the basis of composition into laterite, silcrete and calcrete. Beginning with a concise description of both natural and experimental investigations concerned with mineral decomposition and neomineralisation during weathering, the morphological, physical and chemical characters of each type are described. Environmental factors are then discussed in an attempt to identify specific duricrust types in terms of climate, geographic location, age and formation process . Once duricrust structure and texture are related to topography, specific types may be used to assess the significance of suspected markers in the landscape and permit identification of individual weathering surfaces on which mineralisation may give rise to gossans of widely different physical and chemical characteristics. The interpretation of photogeological, geochemical and geophysical data acquired during mineral exploration in duricrust terrains is problematical and some of the limitations to these search procedures are discussed in the final .chapter
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1980
- Authors: Friggens, Peter John
- Date: 1980 , 2013-04-02
- Subjects: Duricrusts , Mineralogy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5021 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006345 , Duricrusts , Mineralogy
- Description: Introduction: The object of mineral exploration is to locate economic deposits with minimum expenditure in time and money . In order to achieve this goal it is essential to select the most favourable environment and to design the search procedures for the environment in question. Duricrusts are a striking feature of tropical and subtropical landscapes where they occur as extensive, resistant horizons which form a surface or near-surface caprock and are best seen in incised landscapes. Since they cover many potentially rich mineral , provinces of the world, it is important to question what effect they have on mineral exploration. Duricrusts are defined as specific soil types formed by near-surface processes associated with weathering . In spite of the sheer aerial extent of soils over the landsurfaces of the earth, Levinson (1974) expressed surprise at how little exploration geologists know about this surficial environment . Weathering and pedogenetic processes therefore, require discussion in this text. However, in order to adhere to the scope of this dissertation only a brief description of the factors and characteristics of soil formation are given in the first chapter. In the second part, duricrusts are differentiated on the basis of composition into laterite, silcrete and calcrete. Beginning with a concise description of both natural and experimental investigations concerned with mineral decomposition and neomineralisation during weathering, the morphological, physical and chemical characters of each type are described. Environmental factors are then discussed in an attempt to identify specific duricrust types in terms of climate, geographic location, age and formation process . Once duricrust structure and texture are related to topography, specific types may be used to assess the significance of suspected markers in the landscape and permit identification of individual weathering surfaces on which mineralisation may give rise to gossans of widely different physical and chemical characteristics. The interpretation of photogeological, geochemical and geophysical data acquired during mineral exploration in duricrust terrains is problematical and some of the limitations to these search procedures are discussed in the final .chapter
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1980
Semantic field analysis and the structure of culture: a comparative study of Sotho and Xhosa
- Authors: Thipa, Henry Mothebesoane
- Date: 1980
- Subjects: Xhosa language -- Semantics , Sotho language -- Semantics , Xhosa language -- Social aspects , Sotho language -- Social aspects , Field theory (Linguistics) , Componential analysis (Linguistics)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3647 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015985
- Description: Analyses of Sotho and Xhosa seem to concentrate predominantly on morphological, tonological and phonological studies. Semantics seems to be a relatively neglected area in African Languages. It is the view of the writer that attention should now be turned increasingly to semantics. In fact, except perhaps for van Rooy's Venda work semantic field analysis does not seem to have been undertaken in African Languages. This thesis is an attempt to contribute in this particular area of linguistic analysis. In addition to that, the present study is an attempt to explore new dimensions in African language study, namely the application of componential analysis to two African languages, Sesotho and Xhosa. In general terns, the aim of the present study is to explore the relationship between language and culture. Very little seems to have been done in this particular area in African languages. In this connection the only work that comes to mind is van Rooy' s Venda work which has already been referred to above. In that work, van Rooy tries to show the integration of language and culture in the communication of the Christian message as illustrated by the Venda Bible. Perhaps with the notable exception of Siertsema there seems to be some scholarly concensus about the relationship between language and culture as the following brief survey will show. Boas, the American anthropologist, for example has investigated the interplay of the environment, cultural life and linguistic form. This be has done by comparing Kwakiutl, an American Indian language, with the Eskimo language. Lotz shows how the structure of one semantic field, or area of semantically related terms, namely numerals, can shape the goals a particular linguistic community strives for in a major cultural activity such as sports. Conklin shows how languages may differ not only in their segmentation of a semantic field e.g. colour, but also in the dimensions of semantic fields themselves. Siertsema, on the other hand, takes a different view from the above views. Only a brief summary of his views will be given here. A fuller exposition will be made in the next chapter when some theoretical issues are considered. He disputes the view that language and culture are related. It must be noted though that he does not speak specifically of culture but of a world view. He examines four "properties" of language and on their basis disputes the language - world view relationship which he eventually dismisses as showing circular reasoning. Perhaps another scholar that needs to be mentioned is Whorf who admittedly is not writing about semantic fields. His relevance to the present discussion lies in the fact that he also considers the relationship between language and other phenomena, namely thought. He writes, "We dissect nature along lines laid down by our native languages. The categories and types that we isolate from the world of phenomena we do not find there because they stare every observer in the face; on the contrary, the world is presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions 'Which has to be organized by our minds - and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds. We cut nature up, organize it into concepts, and ascribe signfiicances as we do, largely because we are parties to an agreement to organize it in this way - an agreement that ... is codified in the patterns of our language". Whorf 's theory has been called the Dissection Theory from the opening line of the quotation that has just been referred to. Put in a nutshell, what Whorf is saying is that language has a constraining influence on thought or cognition. Or, perhaps put in another way, it is through language that reality is NECESSARILY apprehended. Thought and cognition have to be seen as necessarily dependent on language, at least in certain respects. Whorf discusses a linguistic - philosophic problem which is not really relevant to a study that addresses itself to semantic fields. In exploring the relationship between language and culture some semantic fields will be analyzed. A lexical analysis of each semantic field will then be done applying some of the insights and techniques of componential analysis. What this means, is that we shall start with vocabulary, analyze it and see through its structure the structured world of culture. The question may well be asked, why Sotho and Xhosa? Firstly, the reason for choosing these two languages is for comparison and contrast. Sotho and Xhosa belong to the same language area, traditionally known as the south-eastern zone. As a result, these two languages share certain morphological, syntactic and phonological phenomena. Because the present study is basically semantic one can also add that the choice of the two languages is meant to reveal the extent of semantic similarities and differences between them. Secondly, the writer is, so to speak, bi-cultural. He is very well acquainted with both Basotho and amaXhosa cultures firstly, because of the circumstances of his birth and secondly, because of his education. The writer is actually Sotho speaking with a Xhosa speaking mother. He also has university training in both Sotho and Xhosa, languages he can speak fluently. All these factors are mentioned here in order to lay some claim to competence in both Sotho and Xhosa. Basotho and amaxhosa live in slightly distinct worlds despite all linguistic affinities between their languages. They have slightly different perceptions of the same reality. This accounts for the difference in the organization of any selected field, however slight in some cases. This factor seems to be an indication of the fact that the conceptualization of the universe differs from language to language. This is the point that is also made by Hoijer and Lyons. Hoijer argues that the "real world" to a large extent depends, perhaps unconsciously , on the language habits of the speakers. He goes on to say that no two languages are so similar as to be considered to represent the same social reality. This naturally goes for Sotho and Xhosa as well. The world in which different peoples live are different and cannot merely be characterized as the same world with only different labels. Lyons is even more pertinent to the present study, ''Every language is integrated with the culture in which it operates; and its lexical structure reflects those distinctions which are (or have been) important in the cultures. This statement cannot be overemphasized. While the assumption will be held that language reflects culture, one may hasten to add that not every word in a language does so. For example, there does not seem to be anything particularly cultural about interjectives or about ideophones. In other words, some lexical items are more significant than others in this respect. One should therefore rather speak of lexical items as being a mirror of culture in 'a selective kind of way. As Hymes puts it, "In a particular culture a language serves as a sort of "metalanguage", a cultural way of communicating about much, not all of the culture". (Emphasis added).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1980
- Authors: Thipa, Henry Mothebesoane
- Date: 1980
- Subjects: Xhosa language -- Semantics , Sotho language -- Semantics , Xhosa language -- Social aspects , Sotho language -- Social aspects , Field theory (Linguistics) , Componential analysis (Linguistics)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3647 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015985
- Description: Analyses of Sotho and Xhosa seem to concentrate predominantly on morphological, tonological and phonological studies. Semantics seems to be a relatively neglected area in African Languages. It is the view of the writer that attention should now be turned increasingly to semantics. In fact, except perhaps for van Rooy's Venda work semantic field analysis does not seem to have been undertaken in African Languages. This thesis is an attempt to contribute in this particular area of linguistic analysis. In addition to that, the present study is an attempt to explore new dimensions in African language study, namely the application of componential analysis to two African languages, Sesotho and Xhosa. In general terns, the aim of the present study is to explore the relationship between language and culture. Very little seems to have been done in this particular area in African languages. In this connection the only work that comes to mind is van Rooy' s Venda work which has already been referred to above. In that work, van Rooy tries to show the integration of language and culture in the communication of the Christian message as illustrated by the Venda Bible. Perhaps with the notable exception of Siertsema there seems to be some scholarly concensus about the relationship between language and culture as the following brief survey will show. Boas, the American anthropologist, for example has investigated the interplay of the environment, cultural life and linguistic form. This be has done by comparing Kwakiutl, an American Indian language, with the Eskimo language. Lotz shows how the structure of one semantic field, or area of semantically related terms, namely numerals, can shape the goals a particular linguistic community strives for in a major cultural activity such as sports. Conklin shows how languages may differ not only in their segmentation of a semantic field e.g. colour, but also in the dimensions of semantic fields themselves. Siertsema, on the other hand, takes a different view from the above views. Only a brief summary of his views will be given here. A fuller exposition will be made in the next chapter when some theoretical issues are considered. He disputes the view that language and culture are related. It must be noted though that he does not speak specifically of culture but of a world view. He examines four "properties" of language and on their basis disputes the language - world view relationship which he eventually dismisses as showing circular reasoning. Perhaps another scholar that needs to be mentioned is Whorf who admittedly is not writing about semantic fields. His relevance to the present discussion lies in the fact that he also considers the relationship between language and other phenomena, namely thought. He writes, "We dissect nature along lines laid down by our native languages. The categories and types that we isolate from the world of phenomena we do not find there because they stare every observer in the face; on the contrary, the world is presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions 'Which has to be organized by our minds - and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds. We cut nature up, organize it into concepts, and ascribe signfiicances as we do, largely because we are parties to an agreement to organize it in this way - an agreement that ... is codified in the patterns of our language". Whorf 's theory has been called the Dissection Theory from the opening line of the quotation that has just been referred to. Put in a nutshell, what Whorf is saying is that language has a constraining influence on thought or cognition. Or, perhaps put in another way, it is through language that reality is NECESSARILY apprehended. Thought and cognition have to be seen as necessarily dependent on language, at least in certain respects. Whorf discusses a linguistic - philosophic problem which is not really relevant to a study that addresses itself to semantic fields. In exploring the relationship between language and culture some semantic fields will be analyzed. A lexical analysis of each semantic field will then be done applying some of the insights and techniques of componential analysis. What this means, is that we shall start with vocabulary, analyze it and see through its structure the structured world of culture. The question may well be asked, why Sotho and Xhosa? Firstly, the reason for choosing these two languages is for comparison and contrast. Sotho and Xhosa belong to the same language area, traditionally known as the south-eastern zone. As a result, these two languages share certain morphological, syntactic and phonological phenomena. Because the present study is basically semantic one can also add that the choice of the two languages is meant to reveal the extent of semantic similarities and differences between them. Secondly, the writer is, so to speak, bi-cultural. He is very well acquainted with both Basotho and amaXhosa cultures firstly, because of the circumstances of his birth and secondly, because of his education. The writer is actually Sotho speaking with a Xhosa speaking mother. He also has university training in both Sotho and Xhosa, languages he can speak fluently. All these factors are mentioned here in order to lay some claim to competence in both Sotho and Xhosa. Basotho and amaxhosa live in slightly distinct worlds despite all linguistic affinities between their languages. They have slightly different perceptions of the same reality. This accounts for the difference in the organization of any selected field, however slight in some cases. This factor seems to be an indication of the fact that the conceptualization of the universe differs from language to language. This is the point that is also made by Hoijer and Lyons. Hoijer argues that the "real world" to a large extent depends, perhaps unconsciously , on the language habits of the speakers. He goes on to say that no two languages are so similar as to be considered to represent the same social reality. This naturally goes for Sotho and Xhosa as well. The world in which different peoples live are different and cannot merely be characterized as the same world with only different labels. Lyons is even more pertinent to the present study, ''Every language is integrated with the culture in which it operates; and its lexical structure reflects those distinctions which are (or have been) important in the cultures. This statement cannot be overemphasized. While the assumption will be held that language reflects culture, one may hasten to add that not every word in a language does so. For example, there does not seem to be anything particularly cultural about interjectives or about ideophones. In other words, some lexical items are more significant than others in this respect. One should therefore rather speak of lexical items as being a mirror of culture in 'a selective kind of way. As Hymes puts it, "In a particular culture a language serves as a sort of "metalanguage", a cultural way of communicating about much, not all of the culture". (Emphasis added).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1980
Semantiese velde en die onderrig en aanleer van Xhosa-woordeskat
- Authors: Venter, Johannes Andreas
- Date: 1980
- Subjects: Xhosa language -- Semantics , Xhosa language -- Vocabulary , Xhosa language -- Study and teaching
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3606 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003814 , Xhosa language -- Semantics , Xhosa language -- Vocabulary , Xhosa language -- Study and teaching
- Description: Uit Inleiding: Hoe belangrik is die aanleer van woordeskat by die verwerwing van 'n vreemde taal? Indien dit van besondere belang is, kan met reg gevra word: watter beginsels moet in ag geneem word by die opstel van metodes en tegnieke om die aanleer van die woordeskat met optimum effektiwiteit te laat plaasvind? Wat is die teoretiese basis vir sulke metodes en tegnieke? Hierdie is enkele vrae wat in hierdie ondersoek aan die orde sal kom. Die begrip "semantiese velde" of "betekenisvelde" is 'n idee wat in die jongste tyd heelwat aandag geniet by linguiste. Die konsep "betekenisveld" veronderstel twee kenmerke van die leksikon: 1. Dat die betekenisaspek van elke individuele leksikale item, kragtens kontras bestaan en dat hierdie kontras tussen betekeniskomponente van leksikale items in die leksikon teregkom, veral binne 'n betekenisveldsiening. 2. Dat die leksikon kragtens die relasies tussen die leksikale items 'n georganiseerde en gestruktureerde versameling is. In ons ondersoek sal dit dus hoofsaaklik gaan oor: 1. Bestaande metodes en tegnieke om woordeskat te onderrig. 2. Bestaande toerieë oor die gestruktureerdheid van woordeskat. 3. Die moontlikhede wat hierdie teorieë inhou, om die onderrig van woordeskat meer effektief te laat plaasvind.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1980
- Authors: Venter, Johannes Andreas
- Date: 1980
- Subjects: Xhosa language -- Semantics , Xhosa language -- Vocabulary , Xhosa language -- Study and teaching
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3606 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003814 , Xhosa language -- Semantics , Xhosa language -- Vocabulary , Xhosa language -- Study and teaching
- Description: Uit Inleiding: Hoe belangrik is die aanleer van woordeskat by die verwerwing van 'n vreemde taal? Indien dit van besondere belang is, kan met reg gevra word: watter beginsels moet in ag geneem word by die opstel van metodes en tegnieke om die aanleer van die woordeskat met optimum effektiwiteit te laat plaasvind? Wat is die teoretiese basis vir sulke metodes en tegnieke? Hierdie is enkele vrae wat in hierdie ondersoek aan die orde sal kom. Die begrip "semantiese velde" of "betekenisvelde" is 'n idee wat in die jongste tyd heelwat aandag geniet by linguiste. Die konsep "betekenisveld" veronderstel twee kenmerke van die leksikon: 1. Dat die betekenisaspek van elke individuele leksikale item, kragtens kontras bestaan en dat hierdie kontras tussen betekeniskomponente van leksikale items in die leksikon teregkom, veral binne 'n betekenisveldsiening. 2. Dat die leksikon kragtens die relasies tussen die leksikale items 'n georganiseerde en gestruktureerde versameling is. In ons ondersoek sal dit dus hoofsaaklik gaan oor: 1. Bestaande metodes en tegnieke om woordeskat te onderrig. 2. Bestaande toerieë oor die gestruktureerdheid van woordeskat. 3. Die moontlikhede wat hierdie teorieë inhou, om die onderrig van woordeskat meer effektief te laat plaasvind.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1980
Some aspects of an ethological study of the aculeate wasps and the bees of a karroid area in the vicinity of Grahamstown, South Africa
- Authors: Gess, Friedrich Wolfgang
- Date: 1980
- Subjects: Wasps -- South Africa Bees -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5834 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009445
- Description: From introduction: The present study is the first attempt in southern Africa to consider an entire community of aculeate wasps and bees and their interactions with their environment as manifested by their ethology. As far as the author has been able to ascertain it is in fact the most comprehensive of its kind to have been undertaken anywhere, the only similar but more restricted account of this nature being that of Evans (1970) which is mainly concerned with fossorial species and their associates.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1980
- Authors: Gess, Friedrich Wolfgang
- Date: 1980
- Subjects: Wasps -- South Africa Bees -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5834 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009445
- Description: From introduction: The present study is the first attempt in southern Africa to consider an entire community of aculeate wasps and bees and their interactions with their environment as manifested by their ethology. As far as the author has been able to ascertain it is in fact the most comprehensive of its kind to have been undertaken anywhere, the only similar but more restricted account of this nature being that of Evans (1970) which is mainly concerned with fossorial species and their associates.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1980
Some aspects of play production in the English and parallel medium secondary schools of the Eastern Cape 1822-1977
- Dickerson, Mary Elizabeth Henderson
- Authors: Dickerson, Mary Elizabeth Henderson
- Date: 1980
- Subjects: Drama -- Study and teaching (Secondary)
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2127 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002029
- Description: There has been very little research into play production in schools, as distinct from drama in education and theatre in education, and none at all with specific attention to the Eastern Cape. The proliferation of dramatic productions in the schools of the Eastern Cape during the 1960s and 1970s coincided with the establishment at Rhodes University of a Department of Speech and Drama. The particular interest of this Department in the educational aspects of dramatic work of all kinds led naturally to a desire to investigate what was being done, and had been done, in the schools in the area. Added to this, interest in the history of the Eastern Cape has been stimulated by the building of the 1820 Settlers' Monument, which was opened in 1974, to mark the hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the arrival of the British Settlers. In order to set the social and political scene for the beginnings of cultural activity in the schools, I have given a brief account of the historical events leading up to the English settlement in the Eastern Cape. Because the evolution of the towns has affected that of the schools, an account of this development has been included¹. To prevent this work from becoming unwieldy, the detailed investigation of the cultural milieu has been limited to that of two frontier towns and two seaports, as being the most representative in the Eastern Cape². So much that was done in the schools had grown out of the ideas brought from Britain and its public schools that it was necessary also to look at the basis upon which the schools in the Eastern Cape were founded, and the lines along which their ethos developed. To facilitate a consideration of the work done in play production and related activities over a period of approximately a hundred and fifty years, I have separated the account into four natural historical divisions: from 1820 until the turn of the century; 1900 to 1918; the period between the two world wars; and that which follows the Second World War. Of these, the first three have been considered from the historical point of view; but with regard to the years between 1940 and 1977 it seemed more interesting and profitable to examine specific trends and developments in dramatic activity within the schools. I wished, further, to find more detailed information about what is happening in the schools at present than could be gathered from school magazines and the local press. For this purpose, two questionnaires were sent to the schools. The evaluation of these will be found in Part III and in Appendix B. The investigation was confined to the English and parallel medium schools in the area. The catalogue of plays produced since 1860 which is given in Appendix E is not necessarily exhaustive, though as comprehensive as it was possible to make it. It has been drawn up from the information in school archives and the press, as well as that given in the answers to the questionnaires, but there are occasions when these sources do not give titles of plays (this is especially the case with one-act plays) and there are also times when productions may not have been reported, or magazines are missing. It is not the purpose of this thesis to give details of the best production procedures. Teacher-directors may find these in many excellent books on the subject, some of which have been suggested in Appendix F. ¹While not strictly part of the subject under investigation, a consideration of musical activity is relevant to developments in drama . A short section on music has therefore also been included in Appendix A. ²My researches have pointed to the fact that there is an interesting field for further investigation in the smaller towns such as Cathcart and Uitenhage. (Pref. p. ii-iii)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1980
- Authors: Dickerson, Mary Elizabeth Henderson
- Date: 1980
- Subjects: Drama -- Study and teaching (Secondary)
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2127 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002029
- Description: There has been very little research into play production in schools, as distinct from drama in education and theatre in education, and none at all with specific attention to the Eastern Cape. The proliferation of dramatic productions in the schools of the Eastern Cape during the 1960s and 1970s coincided with the establishment at Rhodes University of a Department of Speech and Drama. The particular interest of this Department in the educational aspects of dramatic work of all kinds led naturally to a desire to investigate what was being done, and had been done, in the schools in the area. Added to this, interest in the history of the Eastern Cape has been stimulated by the building of the 1820 Settlers' Monument, which was opened in 1974, to mark the hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the arrival of the British Settlers. In order to set the social and political scene for the beginnings of cultural activity in the schools, I have given a brief account of the historical events leading up to the English settlement in the Eastern Cape. Because the evolution of the towns has affected that of the schools, an account of this development has been included¹. To prevent this work from becoming unwieldy, the detailed investigation of the cultural milieu has been limited to that of two frontier towns and two seaports, as being the most representative in the Eastern Cape². So much that was done in the schools had grown out of the ideas brought from Britain and its public schools that it was necessary also to look at the basis upon which the schools in the Eastern Cape were founded, and the lines along which their ethos developed. To facilitate a consideration of the work done in play production and related activities over a period of approximately a hundred and fifty years, I have separated the account into four natural historical divisions: from 1820 until the turn of the century; 1900 to 1918; the period between the two world wars; and that which follows the Second World War. Of these, the first three have been considered from the historical point of view; but with regard to the years between 1940 and 1977 it seemed more interesting and profitable to examine specific trends and developments in dramatic activity within the schools. I wished, further, to find more detailed information about what is happening in the schools at present than could be gathered from school magazines and the local press. For this purpose, two questionnaires were sent to the schools. The evaluation of these will be found in Part III and in Appendix B. The investigation was confined to the English and parallel medium schools in the area. The catalogue of plays produced since 1860 which is given in Appendix E is not necessarily exhaustive, though as comprehensive as it was possible to make it. It has been drawn up from the information in school archives and the press, as well as that given in the answers to the questionnaires, but there are occasions when these sources do not give titles of plays (this is especially the case with one-act plays) and there are also times when productions may not have been reported, or magazines are missing. It is not the purpose of this thesis to give details of the best production procedures. Teacher-directors may find these in many excellent books on the subject, some of which have been suggested in Appendix F. ¹While not strictly part of the subject under investigation, a consideration of musical activity is relevant to developments in drama . A short section on music has therefore also been included in Appendix A. ²My researches have pointed to the fact that there is an interesting field for further investigation in the smaller towns such as Cathcart and Uitenhage. (Pref. p. ii-iii)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1980
Synthesis and reactions of sugar chlorosulphates
- Authors: Naidoo, Nadasen Thargarajan
- Date: 1980
- Subjects: Sugar -- Synthesis , Chemical reactions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3734 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001522
- Description: Sugar chlorosulphates of furanoid and pyranoid derivatives bearing chlorosulphonyloxy groups at primary and secondary positions, were synthesized and examined mainly with a view to determine their extent of reactivity in terms of nucleophilic substitution reactions, especially with azide. Inversion of configuration occurred at reactive chiral centres, whereas intermediate azidosulphonyloxy derivatives (azidosulphates) were formed via S-Cℓ bond fission of the chlorosulphonyloxy group at less reactive primary or secondary centres, e.g. 1,2:3,4-diO̲isopropyl idene-α-D-galactopyranose 6-azidosulphate, 1,2-O̲isopropylidenea- D-xylofuranose 3-azidosulphate and 1,2:5,6-di-O̲-isopropyl idene-α-Dglucofuranose 3-azidosulphate. 1,2:3,4-Di-O̲-isopropylidene-α-Dgalactopyranose 6-azidosulphate ultimately afforded the 6-azidodeoxy derivative probably by an SN2 mechanism. Some SNi characteristics were,however, evident when substitution occurred at a reactive primary centre (e.g. methyl 2,3,4-tri-O̲-methyla- D-glucopyranoside 6-chlorosulphate), as the 6-azidodeoxy derivative obtained, appeared to be contaminated with a trace amount of the corresponding 6-chlorodeoxy sugar, which had presumably formed via an internal SNi mechanism, while no intermediate azidosulphonyloxy derivative was isolated. In another study, the reaction pathways for the synthesis of benzylated chlorodeoxy sugars having potential biological properties as exemplified by the multivalent drug, tribenoside, were also investigated
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1980
- Authors: Naidoo, Nadasen Thargarajan
- Date: 1980
- Subjects: Sugar -- Synthesis , Chemical reactions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3734 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001522
- Description: Sugar chlorosulphates of furanoid and pyranoid derivatives bearing chlorosulphonyloxy groups at primary and secondary positions, were synthesized and examined mainly with a view to determine their extent of reactivity in terms of nucleophilic substitution reactions, especially with azide. Inversion of configuration occurred at reactive chiral centres, whereas intermediate azidosulphonyloxy derivatives (azidosulphates) were formed via S-Cℓ bond fission of the chlorosulphonyloxy group at less reactive primary or secondary centres, e.g. 1,2:3,4-diO̲isopropyl idene-α-D-galactopyranose 6-azidosulphate, 1,2-O̲isopropylidenea- D-xylofuranose 3-azidosulphate and 1,2:5,6-di-O̲-isopropyl idene-α-Dglucofuranose 3-azidosulphate. 1,2:3,4-Di-O̲-isopropylidene-α-Dgalactopyranose 6-azidosulphate ultimately afforded the 6-azidodeoxy derivative probably by an SN2 mechanism. Some SNi characteristics were,however, evident when substitution occurred at a reactive primary centre (e.g. methyl 2,3,4-tri-O̲-methyla- D-glucopyranoside 6-chlorosulphate), as the 6-azidodeoxy derivative obtained, appeared to be contaminated with a trace amount of the corresponding 6-chlorodeoxy sugar, which had presumably formed via an internal SNi mechanism, while no intermediate azidosulphonyloxy derivative was isolated. In another study, the reaction pathways for the synthesis of benzylated chlorodeoxy sugars having potential biological properties as exemplified by the multivalent drug, tribenoside, were also investigated
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1980
Systematics and biogeography of the redfin Barbus species (Pisces : Cyprinidae) from Southern Africa
- Authors: Skelton, Paul Harvey
- Date: 1980
- Subjects: Barbus Cyprinidae
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5211 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004776
- Description: Resumé: This study deals with the systematics and biogeography of a group of minnowlike Barbus species which, as adults, are characterized by bright red fins. The species are found in the coastal rivers of the fold belt region of the southern and south-western Cape Province. A closely related species, Oreodaimon quathlambae, inhabits certain high altitude streams of the Drakensberg mountains. Traditional methods were employed to revise the taxonomy of the species. Characters studied included morphometric and meristic measurements, and several qualitative anatomical features, several of which were studied in these species for the first time. A new species, Barbus erubescens Skelton, was described during the course of the study (Appendix 3). The taxonomic status of other species are endorsed or revised (B.afer and B.asper). Each species is redescribed and figured. The complete osteology of one redfin species, B.burchelli, is described and illustrated. Comparisons are made with all other redfin species and various osteological characters of systematic value are discussed. The phylogeny of the redfins is studied using Hennigian methods. Comparative data from other southern African Barbus species and pertinent literature were used to determine and evaluate synapomorphic characters and character sequences. The redfins sensu lato are shown to be diphyletic. Barbus calidus Barnard and B.erubescens were found to be sister species not closely related to the other redfin species. Oreodaimon quathlambae (Barnard) is shown to be monophyletic with the second redfin lineage. Barbus burgi Boulenger is placed as the plesiomorph sister species in this lineage and consecutive dichotomies derive Barbus burchelli (Smith); Barbus afer Peters, and Barbus asper Boulenger; Barbus phlegethon Barnard; Barbus tenuis Barnard and Oreodaimon quathlambae. The classification of the redfins is reviewed in the light of their phylogeny and recommendations for an infonnal hierarchy are made. The generic status of each lineage is considered and a new genus, Pseudobarbus, erected for all the redfin species except B.calidus and B.erubescens, but including O. quathlambae. The distributions of redfin species are recorded. A hypothesis is given to explain this distribution, based on a comparison of distribution patterns of a number of plant and animal species and a consideration of the geological and geographical history of southern Africa. Vicariance is suggested to be the major factor which influenced redfin distribution. A theory of dispersal explains the distribution of P.tenuis. The biogeography suggests the redfins are relatively ancient (possibly Miocene?) southern African fishes. Suggestions are made on future studies on the redfins. Attention is drawn to possible implications of the redfin study on systematic study of southern African freshwater fishes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1980
Systematics and biogeography of the redfin Barbus species (Pisces : Cyprinidae) from Southern Africa
- Authors: Skelton, Paul Harvey
- Date: 1980
- Subjects: Barbus Cyprinidae
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5211 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004776
- Description: Resumé: This study deals with the systematics and biogeography of a group of minnowlike Barbus species which, as adults, are characterized by bright red fins. The species are found in the coastal rivers of the fold belt region of the southern and south-western Cape Province. A closely related species, Oreodaimon quathlambae, inhabits certain high altitude streams of the Drakensberg mountains. Traditional methods were employed to revise the taxonomy of the species. Characters studied included morphometric and meristic measurements, and several qualitative anatomical features, several of which were studied in these species for the first time. A new species, Barbus erubescens Skelton, was described during the course of the study (Appendix 3). The taxonomic status of other species are endorsed or revised (B.afer and B.asper). Each species is redescribed and figured. The complete osteology of one redfin species, B.burchelli, is described and illustrated. Comparisons are made with all other redfin species and various osteological characters of systematic value are discussed. The phylogeny of the redfins is studied using Hennigian methods. Comparative data from other southern African Barbus species and pertinent literature were used to determine and evaluate synapomorphic characters and character sequences. The redfins sensu lato are shown to be diphyletic. Barbus calidus Barnard and B.erubescens were found to be sister species not closely related to the other redfin species. Oreodaimon quathlambae (Barnard) is shown to be monophyletic with the second redfin lineage. Barbus burgi Boulenger is placed as the plesiomorph sister species in this lineage and consecutive dichotomies derive Barbus burchelli (Smith); Barbus afer Peters, and Barbus asper Boulenger; Barbus phlegethon Barnard; Barbus tenuis Barnard and Oreodaimon quathlambae. The classification of the redfins is reviewed in the light of their phylogeny and recommendations for an infonnal hierarchy are made. The generic status of each lineage is considered and a new genus, Pseudobarbus, erected for all the redfin species except B.calidus and B.erubescens, but including O. quathlambae. The distributions of redfin species are recorded. A hypothesis is given to explain this distribution, based on a comparison of distribution patterns of a number of plant and animal species and a consideration of the geological and geographical history of southern Africa. Vicariance is suggested to be the major factor which influenced redfin distribution. A theory of dispersal explains the distribution of P.tenuis. The biogeography suggests the redfins are relatively ancient (possibly Miocene?) southern African fishes. Suggestions are made on future studies on the redfins. Attention is drawn to possible implications of the redfin study on systematic study of southern African freshwater fishes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1980
The automatic generation of code generators with particular reference to cobol
- Authors: Bulmer, Allan Roy
- Date: 1980 , 2013-03-15
- Subjects: Code generators , COBOL (Computer program language)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4613 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004913 , Code generators , COBOL (Computer program language)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1980
- Authors: Bulmer, Allan Roy
- Date: 1980 , 2013-03-15
- Subjects: Code generators , COBOL (Computer program language)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4613 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004913 , Code generators , COBOL (Computer program language)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1980
The evaluation of melatonin as a possible antidepressive
- Authors: Skene, Debra Jean
- Date: 1980
- Subjects: Melatonin , Antidepressants
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3728 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001465
- Description: Melatonin, a hormone of the pineal gland, was evaluated in a variety of animal models of depression. Measurements of the frog righting reflex and rat locomotor activity showed that low doses of melatonin have a serotonin-like potentiating effect following monoamine oxidase inhibition. High doses of melatonin caused a reduction in the duration of rat immobility in the Porsolt model of depression and exerted a chlorpromazine-like effect on conditioned avoidance behaviour. In view of the indoleamine hypothesis of depressive disorders, the possibility of melatonin being a potential antidepressive is discussed and it is concluded that melatonin might be useful in the treatment of "agitated" depressions
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1980
- Authors: Skene, Debra Jean
- Date: 1980
- Subjects: Melatonin , Antidepressants
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3728 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001465
- Description: Melatonin, a hormone of the pineal gland, was evaluated in a variety of animal models of depression. Measurements of the frog righting reflex and rat locomotor activity showed that low doses of melatonin have a serotonin-like potentiating effect following monoamine oxidase inhibition. High doses of melatonin caused a reduction in the duration of rat immobility in the Porsolt model of depression and exerted a chlorpromazine-like effect on conditioned avoidance behaviour. In view of the indoleamine hypothesis of depressive disorders, the possibility of melatonin being a potential antidepressive is discussed and it is concluded that melatonin might be useful in the treatment of "agitated" depressions
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1980
The extrusive and intrusive basaltic rocks of the Molteno-Jamestown area
- Authors: Mitchell, Andrew Alexander
- Date: 1980
- Subjects: Basalt -- South Africa -- Cape of Good Hope
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4900 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001559
- Description: The Karoo basalt outliers between Molteno and Jamestown in the north-eastern Cape Province are associated with two central volcanic vent complexes, referred to in the text as the Brosterlea and the Modderfontein complexes. The basalts, particularly those associated with the Brosterlea complex, show geochemical variations throughout the sequence, a factor which has facilitated the subdivision of the Brosterlea basalts into a series of discrete units, each having its own chemical characteristics. Most of the basalt units at Brosterlea can be correlated with units identified in the Barkly East basalt suite. As is the case around Barkly East, the Brosterlea basalt units cannot be related to one another by any simple crystal fractionation or partial melting process, and the most feasible alternative explanation lies in the existence of inhomogeneities in the upper mantle at the time of generation of the magmas. New electron microprobe data are presented for the silicate phases in the Karoo basalts. Analyses of augites from a limited number of slides indicate that pyroxenes from different basalt units define different trends on the Ca - Mg - Fe triangular diagram. The plagioclases in the Brosterlea basalts are fairly Ca-rich (average 70% An), and the K-content of the plagioclases is shown to vary with the K-content of the parent basalt. A comparison of the Karoo Central Province with the younger Columbia River and Deccan Trap Provinces shows many similarities in the evolutionary history of the three provinces. The Karoo Province, however, is distinct from the other two provinces in some aspects of the geochemistry. Broadly speaking, the Karoo basalts are depleted in the incompatible elements relative to the Columbia River and Deccan basalts, and often enriched in the transition metals, most specifically Cr
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1980
- Authors: Mitchell, Andrew Alexander
- Date: 1980
- Subjects: Basalt -- South Africa -- Cape of Good Hope
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4900 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001559
- Description: The Karoo basalt outliers between Molteno and Jamestown in the north-eastern Cape Province are associated with two central volcanic vent complexes, referred to in the text as the Brosterlea and the Modderfontein complexes. The basalts, particularly those associated with the Brosterlea complex, show geochemical variations throughout the sequence, a factor which has facilitated the subdivision of the Brosterlea basalts into a series of discrete units, each having its own chemical characteristics. Most of the basalt units at Brosterlea can be correlated with units identified in the Barkly East basalt suite. As is the case around Barkly East, the Brosterlea basalt units cannot be related to one another by any simple crystal fractionation or partial melting process, and the most feasible alternative explanation lies in the existence of inhomogeneities in the upper mantle at the time of generation of the magmas. New electron microprobe data are presented for the silicate phases in the Karoo basalts. Analyses of augites from a limited number of slides indicate that pyroxenes from different basalt units define different trends on the Ca - Mg - Fe triangular diagram. The plagioclases in the Brosterlea basalts are fairly Ca-rich (average 70% An), and the K-content of the plagioclases is shown to vary with the K-content of the parent basalt. A comparison of the Karoo Central Province with the younger Columbia River and Deccan Trap Provinces shows many similarities in the evolutionary history of the three provinces. The Karoo Province, however, is distinct from the other two provinces in some aspects of the geochemistry. Broadly speaking, the Karoo basalts are depleted in the incompatible elements relative to the Columbia River and Deccan basalts, and often enriched in the transition metals, most specifically Cr
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1980
The image of agriculture in two Ciskeian communities
- Authors: Webb, Nigel L
- Date: 1980
- Subjects: Urban agriculture -- Eastern Cape , Land use, Urban -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agriculture -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Urban agriculture
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:4791 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001891
- Description: Agriculture is a complex cultural institution. This is particularly the case when studying subsistence conditions in a tribal system, because aspects requiring investigation include social, religious, political and economic factors (Dalton, 1967). These factors represent an extremely broad sphere of inquiry and the large number of relevant aspects has been the cause of problems plaguing attempts to develop subsistence agriculture (Grigg, 1973). The purpose of this study is to outline an environmental perception approach to agriculture and explore the contribution that the approach could make to agricultural improvement. As such it represents a pilot study which attempts to introduce behavioural science research into agricultural development. Foster (et all (1965) outline three research foci in this respect; the socio-cultural-psychological system of the recipient people (farmers), the system of the innovating organization, and the interaction of the two. This study deals with the first focus outlined by Foster, and aims to make a statement about the image that two semi-subsistence communities have of their agricultural system. In other words, how their agricultural system appears to them.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1980
- Authors: Webb, Nigel L
- Date: 1980
- Subjects: Urban agriculture -- Eastern Cape , Land use, Urban -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agriculture -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Urban agriculture
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:4791 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001891
- Description: Agriculture is a complex cultural institution. This is particularly the case when studying subsistence conditions in a tribal system, because aspects requiring investigation include social, religious, political and economic factors (Dalton, 1967). These factors represent an extremely broad sphere of inquiry and the large number of relevant aspects has been the cause of problems plaguing attempts to develop subsistence agriculture (Grigg, 1973). The purpose of this study is to outline an environmental perception approach to agriculture and explore the contribution that the approach could make to agricultural improvement. As such it represents a pilot study which attempts to introduce behavioural science research into agricultural development. Foster (et all (1965) outline three research foci in this respect; the socio-cultural-psychological system of the recipient people (farmers), the system of the innovating organization, and the interaction of the two. This study deals with the first focus outlined by Foster, and aims to make a statement about the image that two semi-subsistence communities have of their agricultural system. In other words, how their agricultural system appears to them.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1980
The interrelationship of physical fitness, somatotype, body cathexis and personality in a group of white schoolboys
- Authors: Fieldsend, Jeremy Rowell
- Date: 1980
- Subjects: Somatotypes -- Psychological aspects , Physical fitness for children -- Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:5139 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006343 , Somatotypes -- Psychological aspects , Physical fitness for children -- Psychological aspects
- Description: The evaluation of physical fitness is dependent upon the body and its capacity to generate requisite degrees of strength, speed, mobility and endurance, for effective physical performance. The physical properties of the body, and in particular the degree of muscularity and adiposity, are affected substantially by varying levels of physical fitness. This degree of muscularity and adiposity is closely related to the shape or physique of the body, which in turn, can influence the attitudes an individual adopts toward his body and himself (body cathexis). The purpose of this study was to investigate the reciprocal relationship between physical fitness, somatotype (physique) and body cathexis (satisfaction). A secondary objective was to examine the relationship between these variables and personality. The subjects who participated in this study were white schoolboys completing Standard Eight. Seventy seven subjects, all of whom were either 14 or 15 years of age, were studied. A total of 22 observations were made on each subject, which included a battery of physical fitness tests, anthropometric and somatotypological observations, and two questionnaires. Fleishman's Basic Fitness Test battery, which was slightly modified, was utilized to evaluate the subjects' level of physical fitness. Standardized anthropometric techniques and equipment were used to measure heights, mass, diameters, girths, and skinfolds. These basic anthropometric observations were then utilized to determine the subjects' Heath-Carter somatotype rating, absolute and relative body fat, and lean body mass. Body cathexis was measured by the Secord-Jourard Body Cathexis Scale and personality was assessed by the Howarth personality Questionnaire. The results indicated that physical fitness performance on the events which required the body mass to be displaced were highly and negatively related to the degree of excess adipose tissue. Significant differences in endomorphy (p < 0,005) were apparent in high and low fit groups, but no somatotypological differences were indicated for those events which did not involve the displacement of the body mass. The one exception to this was a static strength event, in which significant somatotypological differences between high and low fit groups were indicated for mesomorphy (p < 0,005) and ectomorphy (p < 0,01). Body cathexis was not closely related to physical fitness, somatotype, or personality. A number of weak relationships were apparent: there was a negative correlation between body cathexis and the personality trait of inferiority; high levels of adipose tissue negatively influenced the level of body cathexis; and good performance on the strength events was positively associated with body cathexis. In the physical fitness events requiring strength and the body mass to be displaced, the body cathexis levels of high fit subjects exceeded that of low fit subjects at a statistically significant level (p < 0,005). No significant differences in body cathexis were indicated for those events which did not require the displacement of the body mass. Personality was not related to physical fitness, somatotype or body cathexis. The only relationship that was discerned was the low correlation between inferiority and body cathexis . The findings of this investigation suggest that, in this context, dynamic physical fitness performance, is closely related to physique; and in particular a high endomorphic content is a limiting factor. Body cathexis is not closely related to physical fitness, somatotype or personality. It is likely, however, that feelings of inferiority and excess adipose tissue are associated with a low body cathexis, while strength is related to a high body cathexis. Personality is not related to physical fitness, physique or body.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1980
- Authors: Fieldsend, Jeremy Rowell
- Date: 1980
- Subjects: Somatotypes -- Psychological aspects , Physical fitness for children -- Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:5139 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006343 , Somatotypes -- Psychological aspects , Physical fitness for children -- Psychological aspects
- Description: The evaluation of physical fitness is dependent upon the body and its capacity to generate requisite degrees of strength, speed, mobility and endurance, for effective physical performance. The physical properties of the body, and in particular the degree of muscularity and adiposity, are affected substantially by varying levels of physical fitness. This degree of muscularity and adiposity is closely related to the shape or physique of the body, which in turn, can influence the attitudes an individual adopts toward his body and himself (body cathexis). The purpose of this study was to investigate the reciprocal relationship between physical fitness, somatotype (physique) and body cathexis (satisfaction). A secondary objective was to examine the relationship between these variables and personality. The subjects who participated in this study were white schoolboys completing Standard Eight. Seventy seven subjects, all of whom were either 14 or 15 years of age, were studied. A total of 22 observations were made on each subject, which included a battery of physical fitness tests, anthropometric and somatotypological observations, and two questionnaires. Fleishman's Basic Fitness Test battery, which was slightly modified, was utilized to evaluate the subjects' level of physical fitness. Standardized anthropometric techniques and equipment were used to measure heights, mass, diameters, girths, and skinfolds. These basic anthropometric observations were then utilized to determine the subjects' Heath-Carter somatotype rating, absolute and relative body fat, and lean body mass. Body cathexis was measured by the Secord-Jourard Body Cathexis Scale and personality was assessed by the Howarth personality Questionnaire. The results indicated that physical fitness performance on the events which required the body mass to be displaced were highly and negatively related to the degree of excess adipose tissue. Significant differences in endomorphy (p < 0,005) were apparent in high and low fit groups, but no somatotypological differences were indicated for those events which did not involve the displacement of the body mass. The one exception to this was a static strength event, in which significant somatotypological differences between high and low fit groups were indicated for mesomorphy (p < 0,005) and ectomorphy (p < 0,01). Body cathexis was not closely related to physical fitness, somatotype, or personality. A number of weak relationships were apparent: there was a negative correlation between body cathexis and the personality trait of inferiority; high levels of adipose tissue negatively influenced the level of body cathexis; and good performance on the strength events was positively associated with body cathexis. In the physical fitness events requiring strength and the body mass to be displaced, the body cathexis levels of high fit subjects exceeded that of low fit subjects at a statistically significant level (p < 0,005). No significant differences in body cathexis were indicated for those events which did not require the displacement of the body mass. Personality was not related to physical fitness, somatotype or body cathexis. The only relationship that was discerned was the low correlation between inferiority and body cathexis . The findings of this investigation suggest that, in this context, dynamic physical fitness performance, is closely related to physique; and in particular a high endomorphic content is a limiting factor. Body cathexis is not closely related to physical fitness, somatotype or personality. It is likely, however, that feelings of inferiority and excess adipose tissue are associated with a low body cathexis, while strength is related to a high body cathexis. Personality is not related to physical fitness, physique or body.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1980
The meaning of becoming and being a member of a small and structured religious group
- Authors: Stones, Christopher R
- Date: 1980
- Subjects: Religious communities -- South Africa Jesus People -- South Africa -- Johannesburg Hare Krishnas -- South Africa -- Johannesburg Divine Light Mission Seminarians -- South Africa -- Pretoria Catholic theological seminaries -- South Africa Phenomenological psychology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3101 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004381
- Description: The concern of this investigation is with the meaning of becoming as well as being a member of one of four specific small and structured religious communities. Three of these religious groups - the Jesus People, the Hare Krishna Devotees and the Maharaj Ji Premies - are considered to be nonconformist in terms of the life-style, value-system and theology each adopts within the mainstream social and theological ethos, while the fourth group - a sample of Catholic Seminarians - like the other groups is a small community with a structured life-style, but its life-style and value-system is not necessarily non-conformist. These groups are all to be found, amongst other places, in Johannesburg, apart from the Catholic Priests, all of whom were living in a seminary in Pretoria. All the members of these religious communities - both men and women - who were interviewed were Caucasian, their educational standard ranged from pre-matric through to university graduate status, and the overall average age of the 9rouP members was 24 years - the youngest subject was aged 17 while the oldest was 31 years of age. Rather than a meas~rement orientated procedure, a phenomenologically inspired methodological procedure was used to explicitate the data. It is argued that a descriptive phenomenological perspective is more appropriate for the elucidation of meaning-structures, especially with reference to the present inquiry, than would be a quantitative, measurement and mathematical treatment of the subject matter with which this thesis is concerned. The results are best summarized by stating that, although the explication revealed that the four groups are distinctly different in certain aspects of the meaning-structures of the individuals' becoming and being members of a group, there are nonetheless marked similarities between the groups in other aspects of the explicitated data.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1980
- Authors: Stones, Christopher R
- Date: 1980
- Subjects: Religious communities -- South Africa Jesus People -- South Africa -- Johannesburg Hare Krishnas -- South Africa -- Johannesburg Divine Light Mission Seminarians -- South Africa -- Pretoria Catholic theological seminaries -- South Africa Phenomenological psychology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3101 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004381
- Description: The concern of this investigation is with the meaning of becoming as well as being a member of one of four specific small and structured religious communities. Three of these religious groups - the Jesus People, the Hare Krishna Devotees and the Maharaj Ji Premies - are considered to be nonconformist in terms of the life-style, value-system and theology each adopts within the mainstream social and theological ethos, while the fourth group - a sample of Catholic Seminarians - like the other groups is a small community with a structured life-style, but its life-style and value-system is not necessarily non-conformist. These groups are all to be found, amongst other places, in Johannesburg, apart from the Catholic Priests, all of whom were living in a seminary in Pretoria. All the members of these religious communities - both men and women - who were interviewed were Caucasian, their educational standard ranged from pre-matric through to university graduate status, and the overall average age of the 9rouP members was 24 years - the youngest subject was aged 17 while the oldest was 31 years of age. Rather than a meas~rement orientated procedure, a phenomenologically inspired methodological procedure was used to explicitate the data. It is argued that a descriptive phenomenological perspective is more appropriate for the elucidation of meaning-structures, especially with reference to the present inquiry, than would be a quantitative, measurement and mathematical treatment of the subject matter with which this thesis is concerned. The results are best summarized by stating that, although the explication revealed that the four groups are distinctly different in certain aspects of the meaning-structures of the individuals' becoming and being members of a group, there are nonetheless marked similarities between the groups in other aspects of the explicitated data.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1980
The relationship between the Orange Free State and the Rolong of Thaba 'Nchu during the presidency of J.H. Brand, 1864-1888
- Authors: Wales, Janet Mary
- Date: 1980
- Subjects: Rolong (African people) -- Politics and government , Rolong (African people) -- Government relations , Free State (South Africa) -- Native races
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2521 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001850
- Description: During the period 1864 to 1888, President J .H. Brand of the Orange Free State Republic had to deal with two Rolong chiefs at Thaba 'Nchu. The first, Chief Moroka II, ruled the Seleka tribe from 1829 to 1880, while his successor Tsipinare, a Tshidi-Rolong, ruled from 1880 to 1884. The majority of the Rolong at Thaba 'Nchu were of the Seleka division, but the minority groups, the Tshidi and Rapulana, also played an important role in the tribe's relations with the Free State.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1980
- Authors: Wales, Janet Mary
- Date: 1980
- Subjects: Rolong (African people) -- Politics and government , Rolong (African people) -- Government relations , Free State (South Africa) -- Native races
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2521 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001850
- Description: During the period 1864 to 1888, President J .H. Brand of the Orange Free State Republic had to deal with two Rolong chiefs at Thaba 'Nchu. The first, Chief Moroka II, ruled the Seleka tribe from 1829 to 1880, while his successor Tsipinare, a Tshidi-Rolong, ruled from 1880 to 1884. The majority of the Rolong at Thaba 'Nchu were of the Seleka division, but the minority groups, the Tshidi and Rapulana, also played an important role in the tribe's relations with the Free State.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1980
The relationship of academic aptitude and study habits to academic success : a study of first year students' experience of academic life with specific reference to the University of Fort Hare
- Authors: Penny, Alan Joseph
- Date: 1980
- Subjects: Academic achievement , Student adjustment -- South Africa , College students, Black -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1379 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001445
- Description: Any enquiry follows some incident which has prompted the question that leads to the enquiry. This study was prompted by a review of the 1974 first year examination results at the University of Fort Hare. The average percentage pass rate for that year was 59.3%. The cynic may remark that this is no different to the first year pass rate at white South African universities (cf. Erens and Louw, 1978), but when it is realised that students entering Fort Hare, or any other black university for that matter, are a highly select group, these figures have more Impact. The consequences of failure in terms of the wastage of human potential are immense (cf. Auerbach, 1977) but are more critical when this occurs, as It does, "... in a society which is competitive rather than co-operative, where people are for ever being classified according to what they have rather than that they can contribute and where competition plus classification inevitably breeds fears." Bligh (1978). A review of the first year examination results for the five years from 1971 revealed an average pass rate of 55.5% and for 1976, 1977 and 1978 a marked decline to 39.32%. For the earlier period, Downing (1977) found that 19.69% of students completed their degree courses In the minimum number of years. For the latter period (1976 to 1978) this has dropped to 16.3%, which, with the figure for the earlier period, suggests that whilst the failure rate may be highest at the end of the first year, in subsequent years it is also high. In this respect Fort Hare differs from white universities where about 75% of students complete their degrees in minimum time (cf. Erens and Louw, 1978)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1980
- Authors: Penny, Alan Joseph
- Date: 1980
- Subjects: Academic achievement , Student adjustment -- South Africa , College students, Black -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1379 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001445
- Description: Any enquiry follows some incident which has prompted the question that leads to the enquiry. This study was prompted by a review of the 1974 first year examination results at the University of Fort Hare. The average percentage pass rate for that year was 59.3%. The cynic may remark that this is no different to the first year pass rate at white South African universities (cf. Erens and Louw, 1978), but when it is realised that students entering Fort Hare, or any other black university for that matter, are a highly select group, these figures have more Impact. The consequences of failure in terms of the wastage of human potential are immense (cf. Auerbach, 1977) but are more critical when this occurs, as It does, "... in a society which is competitive rather than co-operative, where people are for ever being classified according to what they have rather than that they can contribute and where competition plus classification inevitably breeds fears." Bligh (1978). A review of the first year examination results for the five years from 1971 revealed an average pass rate of 55.5% and for 1976, 1977 and 1978 a marked decline to 39.32%. For the earlier period, Downing (1977) found that 19.69% of students completed their degree courses In the minimum number of years. For the latter period (1976 to 1978) this has dropped to 16.3%, which, with the figure for the earlier period, suggests that whilst the failure rate may be highest at the end of the first year, in subsequent years it is also high. In this respect Fort Hare differs from white universities where about 75% of students complete their degrees in minimum time (cf. Erens and Louw, 1978)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1980