Exploring the diverse racialised responses to the ‘Ashwin Willemse incident’ through theories of race and coloniality of being
- Authors: Accom, Abner
- Date: 2022-10-14
- Subjects: Willemse, Ashwin, 1981- , Ethnic attitudes South Africa , Race awareness South Africa , Postcolonialism South Africa , South Africa Race relations , Decolonization South Africa , Racism in sports South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/405908 , vital:70218
- Description: On 19 May 2018 Ashwin Willemse, a coloured Springbok rugby player walked off the SuperSport set, a DSTV sports program, during a live broadcast. He accused his white co-hosts Nick Mallet and Naas Botha (two white apartheid-era Springboks) of patronising him (SABC News, 2018; Eyewitness News, 2018). Responses to the Willemse incident reflected racial divisions in the country. It appeared that many white South Africans criticised Willemse’s behaviour, while many black South Africans stated that they could identify with his response to the subtle racisms experienced in everyday life, and which he claimed to have experienced on the SuperSport program (SABC News, 2018; Eyewitness News, 2018). The racialised media outcry led Professor Jonathan Jansen, to ask: “why do two groups of people, staring at the same event ‘see’ two different realities” (Maleka, 2018: 4)? This thesis probes possible answers to Jonathan Jansen’s question regarding the Ashwin Willemse walkout. The thesis explores and analyses the diverse racialised responses to the ‘Willemse walkout’ through race theories and ‘coloniality of being’. Qualitative research methods were used in the form of a reception analysis involving two racially homogenous (black and white) focus group interviews, two in-depth individual interviews with black research participants, three in-depth individual interviews with white research participants, and a sample of tweets from black and white commentators who had opinions about the ‘Willemse walkout’. The thesis concludes that most black research participants supported Willemse’s actions and most of the white people in the group disagreed with Willemse’s behaviour. Their various opinions were largely due to their different lived experiences which were a consequence of South Africa’s colonial history, apartheid, and racial discrimination. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Journalism and Media Studies, 2022
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- Date Issued: 2022-10-14
Ethnobotany and conservation biology of Warburgia salutaris (G.Bertol.) Chiov., a threatened medicinal plant in southern Mozambique
- Authors: Senkoro, Annae Maria
- Date: 2022-04-08
- Subjects: Ethnobotany Mozambique , Conservation biology Mozambique , Canellaceae Habitat Mozambique , Canellaceae Genetics , Warburgia salutaris Habitat Mozambique , Warburgia salutaris Genetics , Endangered plants Mozambique , Biogeography Climatic factors Mozambique , Traditional medicine Mozambique , Traditional ecological knowledge Mozambique
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral thesis , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/232967 , vital:50042 , DOI 10.21504/10962/232967
- Description: Warburgia salutaris, locally known as “chibaha” (Ronga, Tsonga), “isiBhaha” (Zulu) and “siBhaha” (Siswati), is one of the most highly-valued medicinal plant species in southern Africa. Its bark has long been employed to treat bacterial and fungal infections, and it is often a front line herbal treatment for malaria. The species is popular in rural and urban areas due to its lower price compared to commercial pharmaceuticals and because of its long-standing spiritual and symbolic significance. Consequently, W. salutaris is threatened in Malawi, South Africa and Swaziland and is believed to be extincted in the wild in Zimbabwe. In Mozambique, where the tree is confined to the southern part of the country, it is considered vulnerable due to high local demand and cross-border export. Although there is limited research, further work is urgently needed to provide the basis for options and strategies to achieve desired outcomes. This study aimed to explore different approaches for the conservation of W. salutaris in the Lebombo Mountains (LM), the Tembe River (TR) and the Futi Corridor (FC) areas, in southern Mozambique. For this, potential distribution, socio cultural factors that influenced sustainable management of the species, demography, harvest impact, genetic diversity and population differentiation were considered. The kuenm package in R, 2 846 occurrence and 11 environmental data were used to model the potential current and future distribution in 2050 and 2070 using four general circulation models (CESM1(BGC), ACCESS1.3, FIO-ESM and IPSL-CM5A-MR) under representative concentration pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5. The extent of occurrence (EOO) and habitat suitability (HS) were also determined. Stratified random semi-structured interviews with 182 heads of households were carried out to explore cultural and socio incentives of use, compared knowledge distribution, determine local management practices and explore local ecological knowledge related to the species in the three study areas. In addition, 17 focus group discussion were conducted to clarify issues raised during household interviews. One hundred and twenty four quadrants were used to determine the abundance and population structure. The Simpson index of dominance, permutation index and quotient between consecutive classes were used to assess population stability, and an eight point scale was used to evaluate the extent of bark damages. Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (gDNA) (n=48) was used to assessed genetic diversity and population structure through the newly developed single sequence repeats (SSR) molecular markers. Model selected was statistical significant for prediction of potential distribution of W. salutaris in southern Mozambique (partial ROC =0.00, omission rate = 0.04 and delta AICc = 0.00). The current environmental conditions mostly explained by climatic predictor, indicated in general, the potential distribution on areas of occurrence observed during the field work in southern Mozambique. Future project suggested an increase of climatic suitable areas in all the general circulation models in both conservative and pessimistic climatic scenarios (RCPs 4.5 and 8.5, respectively) in 2050 and 2070, and consequently the increase of HS and the EOO. Results of this work suggests W. salutaris would not extinct at least in the coming 50 years due to climate change but other threats such as overexploitation of the species need to be addressed. With increase of climatic suitable areas, conservation and management of this species could focus on reintroduction and cultivation for recovery of the species, with the help of time. W. salutaris was used for medicinal purposes to treat 12 health problems, with the bark being the most commonly used part (92% of informants). Knowledge of the species uses differed significantly between the three study areas but not with respondent gender or age. Informants also mentioned a considerable number of alternative species of W. salutaris (37 species in LM, 33 species in TR and 17 species in FC). Local ecological knowledge on the ecological niche of the species also varied substantial in the three areas with both types of knowledge generally higher in the Tembe River area. Local management practises were revealed mostly on harvesting through vertical bark stripping cited by 100% of informants in TR, 61.6% FC and 51.7 LM (71% of all informants). Yet most (64.3% of all informants, corresponding to 98.4% in TR, 51.7% in Fc and 41.7% LM) used non-traditional harvesting tools (machete) bark removal. For sustainable use of the species, consideration should be given to combined conservation strategies such as the use of alternative species with the same application, substitution of bark by leaves, and increases in alternative sources of plant material through cultivation. The densities of alive stems were not statistically different in the three areas but was higher in LM (mean of 4500.3±9209.8 stems/ha). Equally the mean densities of recruits (diameter ≤2 cm) were not considerable different but was higher in the FC (3296.8±9116.7 stems/ha). The regression analyses for the three study area revealed negative slopes, indicating more recruits and fewer individuals in larger classes. The Simpson indexes of dominance, permutation indexes and quotients between the consecutive size classes suggested some levels of population instability in the three areas. Harvesting took place in the eight point scale, all size classes were harvested but preference was higher on intermediate (15.1-20 cm) or larger (>20 cm) size classes in all the study areas but gatherers avoided harvesting bark from recruits. Although the mean densities of harvested stem was not significant this work indicated higher levels of stem destruction in FC. Harvested dead stems ware significant in the three areas and FC had the higher of (39.5±85.9 stems/ha) compared to 7.6±19.1 and 2.1±4.3 in TR and LM, respectively. Equally, the density of physiologically stressed stems differed substantially in the three areas with higher in FC 20.5± 75.5 stems/ha compared to 18.7±82.9 stems/ha in TR and 3.8±11.8 stems/ha in LM. This results suggests implementation of protection measures such as the inclusion of the species in the national CITES list to regulated cross-border trade and strengthening of the law enforcement. Genetic diversity, structure and gene flow in the exiting populations of southern Mozambique revealed that despite fragmentation and overexploitation, this species maintains a relatively high level of genetic diversity supporting the existence of random mating. Two genetic groups were found corresponding to the northern (LM and TR) and southern (FC) areas. The study suggests that, if local extinctions occurred in Mozambique, the pepper-bark tree persisted in sufficient numbers to retain a large proportion of genetic diversity. Management plans should concentrate on maintaining this high level of genetic variability through both in and ex-situ conservation actions. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Environmental Science, 2022
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- Date Issued: 2022-04-08
A biological assessment of the Cape knifejaw (Oplegnathus conwayi) an endemic South African teleost
- Authors: Foster, Ryan Matthew
- Date: 2021-10-29
- Subjects: Perciformes South Africa , Osteichthyes South Africa , Fisheries South Africa , Perciformes Growth , Perciformes Age , Perciformes Reproduction , Sampling Citizen participation , Cape knifejaw (Oplegnathus conwayi)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/191057 , vital:45054
- Description: The South African spearfishery forms a small component of South Africa’s complex coastal fishery. Although the smallest, this fishery sector has the largest proportion of data deficient species, and as a consequence is poorly managed. Oplegnathus conwayi (Cape knifejaw) is an example of one of these species for which there is very little and outdated biological and ecological data. This species is among the top target species by recreational spearfishers in South Africa. This thesis aimed to improve our socio-ecological knowledge of the South African spearfishery through the collection of biological and Fishers’ Ecological Knowledge (FEK) information on Oplegnathus conwayi, and human dimension information on the South African spearfishery. Monthly biological samples were collected through routine sampling (spearfishing) and augmented by recreational spearfishers. A total of 254 fish were collected from the warm-temperate coastal zone (East London – Cape Agulhas), 28 from the sub-tropical zone (Durban – East London) and 23 from the cool-temperate zone (Cape Agulhas – Cape Point). The results indicated that Oplegnathus conwayi is a slow-growing species, with a maximum recorded age of 27 years. The population sex ratio was skewed, with males dominant in the population (1M:0.6F). The length- and age-frequency distributions were, however, similar for both sexes. No significant differences were observed between male and female growth (LRT, p > 0.05), with the overall population growth curve being best described as L(t) = 697.15(1-e-0.06(t-6.30)). Males matured at a slightly larger size than females, however, no significant differences were observed (LRT, p > 0.05). The length- and age- at-50% maturity was 330 mm (FL) and 5.73 years for the full population, respectively. Histological analyses showed that Oplegnathus conwayi are asynchronous spawners with a gonochoristic reproductive style. Macroscopic staging and gonadosomatic index results indicated a protracted spawning season for Oplegnathus conwayi, with a peak in spring. A survey was designed and disseminated to collect FEK on the biology and population status of Oplegnathus conwayi and human dimension information on South Africa’s spearfishery. A total of 103 survey responses were received, of which 94 were regarded as specialised (spearfishers who had greater experience, skill and avidity, and maintained spearfishing as an important component of their lifestyle) spearfishers. Based on the responses of the specialist spearfishers, the top four main species caught by spearfishers from this survey were Seriola lalandi (13.9%), Pachymetopon grande (11.7%), Oplegnathus conwayi (11.4%) and Sparodon durbanensis (11%), and the majority of respondents indicated that there had been no changes in abundance, size and catches of these species in the years that they had been spearfishing. Respondents indicated that Oplegnathus conwayi are most commonly targeted in the Eastern Cape and are found at depths of up to 40 m. Respondents also indicated that there may be a seasonal onshore (Summer/Winter) and offshore (Summer/Winter) migration with year-round spawning and a peak in November, December and January. The incorporation of spearfishers into the data collection, both through the collection of specimens and their FEK, was beneficial to this study. Besides providing samples from a broader geographical range than the primary collection area, the collaboration with spearfishers has promoted the inclusion of this group into the management system. The findings of this study also suggest that FEK data can be more reliable if the concept of recreational specialisation is incorporated into data collection. While the FEK suggested that the population was stable, a stock assessment is necessary to fully understand the population status and implement management strategies. Nevertheless, the key life history characteristics (slow growth and late maturation) observed in this study are characteristic of species that is vulnerable to overexploitation, and thus the precautionary approach should be applied. The reproductive information collected in this study has provided information for the implementation of an appropriate size limit regulation for Oplegnathus conwayi. Here, a minimum size limit of 400 mm TL, which corresponds approximately with the length-at-50% maturity of 330 mm FL, would be appropriate to allow fish to mature and spawn, and reduce the likelihood of recruitment overfishing. Reduction in the bag limit from five to two fish per person per day may also be appropriate as a precautionary measure until a stock assessment has been completed. Finally, the incorporation of stakeholder into biological collection and the use of FEK may be a useful approach for other data deficient species and in countries with limited resources for ecological research. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, 2021
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- Date Issued: 2021-10-29
A green approach for the synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes as anti-protozoal agents
- Authors: Cossa, Teresa Manuel
- Date: 2021-10-29
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/192786 , vital:45264
- Description: Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Chemistry, 2021
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- Date Issued: 2021-10-29
An investigation into yeast-baculovirus synergism for the improved control of Thaumatotibia leucotreta, an economically important pest of citrus
- Authors: Van der Merwe, Marcél
- Date: 2021-10-29
- Subjects: Baculoviruses , Cryptophlebia leucotreta , Yeast , Natural pesticides , Citrus Diseases and pests , Biological pest control agents , Pests Integrated control , Thaumatotibia leucotreta
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/191236 , vital:45073
- Description: A mutualistic association between Cydia pomonella and yeasts belonging to the genus Metschnikowia has previously been demonstrated. Larval feeding galleries inoculated with M. andauensis, reduced larval mortality and enhanced larval development. Additionally, adult C. pomonella female oviposition preference was also shown to be influenced by the volatiles produced by M. andauensis. This mutualistic relationship was manipulated for biological control purposes, by combining M. pulcherrima with the baculovirus Cydia pomonella granulovirus. The combination of M. pulcherrima with brown cane sugar and CpGV in laboratory assays and field trials resulted in a significant increase in larval mortality. A similar observation was made when M. pulcherrima was substituted for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This indicates that yeasts harbour the potential for use in biological control, especially when combined with other well-established biocontrol methods. Thaumatotibia leucotreta is a phytophagous insect endemic to southern Africa. It is highly significant to the South African citrus industry due to its classification as a phytosanitary pest by most international markets. An integrated pest management programme has been implemented to control T. leucotreta. The baculovirus Cryptophlebia leucotreta granulovirus forms one component of this programme and is highly effective. In this study, we proposed to determine which yeast species occur naturally in the gut of T. leucotreta larvae and to examine whether any of the isolated yeast species, when combined with the CrleGV-SA, enhance its effectiveness. Firstly, Navel oranges infested with T. leucotreta larvae were collected from geographically distinct citrus-producing regions across South Africa. This led to the isolation and identification of six yeast species from the gut of T. leucotreta larvae via PCR amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region and D1/D2 domain of the large subunit. Six yeast species were identified, viz. Meyerozyma guilliermondii, Hanseniaspora uvarum, Clavispora lusitaniae, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Pichia kudriavzevii and Pichia kluyveri. Additionally, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was included as a control in all trials due to its commercial availability and use in the artificial diet used to rear T. leucotreta. Secondly, larval development and attraction assays were conducted with the isolated yeast species. Thaumatotibia leucotreta larvae that fed on Navel oranges inoculated with M. guilliermondii, P. kluyveri, H. uvarum, and S. cerevisiae had accelerated developmental periods and reduced mortality rates. Additionally, it was demonstrated that T. leucotreta neonates were attracted to YPD broth cultures inoculated with P. kluyveri, H. uvarum, P. kudriavzevii and K. marxianus for feeding. Thirdly, oviposition preference assays were conducted with adult T. leucotreta females to determine whether the isolated yeast species influence their egg-laying in two-choice and multiple-choice tests. Navel oranges were inoculated with a specific yeast isolate, and mated adult females were left to oviposit. Meyerozyma guilliermondii, P. kudriavzevii and H. uvarum were shown to influence adult T. leucotreta female oviposition preference in two-choice tests. However, multiple-choice tests using the aforementioned yeast species did not mimic these results. Lastly, a series of detached fruit bioassays were performed to determine the optimal yeast:virus ratio, test all isolated yeast species in combination with CrleGV-SA and to further enhance yeast/virus formulation through the addition of an adjuvant and surfactant. CrleGV-SA was applied at a lethal concentration that would kill 50 % of T. leucotreta larvae. The optimal yeast concentration to use alongside CrleGV-SA was determined. Pichia kluyveri, P. kudriavzevii, K. marxianus and S. cerevisiae in combination with CrleGV-SA increased larval mortality compared to CrleGV-SA alone. The inclusion of molasses and BREAK-THRU® S 240 to P. kudriavzevii and S. cerevisiae plus CrleGV-SA formulations greatly enhanced their efficacy. Additionally, semi-field trials were initiated using P. kudriavzevii and S. cerevisiae, with promising preliminary results being obtained, although more replicates need to be performed. The experiments performed in this study provide a platform for further research into the application of a yeast/virus combination as a novel control and monitoring option for T. leucotreta in the field. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2021
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- Date Issued: 2021-10-29
Identification of potential inhibitors of the folate biosynthesis enzymes HPPK of Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli and pteridine reductase of Trypanosoma brucei through molecular docking and enzyme assays
- Authors: Gerwel, Tiaan Marc
- Date: 2021-10-29
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/192419 , vital:45224
- Description: Thesis (MSc (Pharm)) -- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacy, 2021
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- Date Issued: 2021-10-29
Microalgal-bacterial flocs and extracellular polymeric substances for optimum function of integrated algal pond systems
- Authors: Jimoh, Taobat Adekilekun
- Date: 2021-10-29
- Subjects: Flocculation , Extracellular polymeric substances , Water Purification , Sewage Purification Anaerobic treatment , Integrated algae pond systems (IAPS) , Microalgal-bacterial flocs
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/191214 , vital:45071 , 10.21504/10962/191214
- Description: Despite the dire state of sanitation infrastructures, water scarcity, and the dwindling reserve of natural resources due to ever-increasing population growth, implementation of a suitable technology that can provide a solution to all these issues continues to be ignored. The integrated algal pond system (IAPS) is a wastewater treatment technology that combines the processes of anaerobic digestion and photosynthetic oxygenation to achieve wastewater treatment and facilitate the recovery of treated water and resources in the form of biogas and microalgal-bacterial biomass. The natural process of bioflocculation through microalgal-bacterial mutualism and production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in high rate algal oxidation ponds (HRAOPs) of an IAPS increases efficiency of wastewater treatment and potentially enhances harvestability and biomass recovery, which could contribute significantly to the successful establishment of a biorefinery. Using a 500 PE pilot-scale IAPS supplied domestic sewage coupled with laboratory experiments, this study investigated the importance and function of in situ EPS production and MaB-floc formation in HRAOP. A metagenomic study revealed the biological components of the biomass or mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) produced in HRAOP and showed that the suspended biomass is composed largely of eukaryotes that were dominated by the colonial microalgae Pseudopediastrum sp. and Desmodesmus sp., and a diverse range of prokaryotes including bacteria and cyanobacteria. Dominance, within the bacterial population, by a sulphur-oxidizing bacterium, Thiothrix which comprised up to 80% of the prokaryotes, coincided with a period of poor flocculation and was therefore rationalized to have contributed to bulking and poor biomass settleability. Otherwise, good flocs were formed in the MLSS with settleability up to 95% and, within 1 h. The formation of MaB-flocs appeared to be dependent on EPS concentration of the mixed liquor due to the observed positive correlation between soluble EPS (S-EPS), biomass concentration, and settleability. The contribution and role of MLSS components towards the formation and sustenance of MaB-flocs were further demonstrated in laboratory experiments using pure strains of microalgae, cyanobacteria, and bacteria. Results showed that pure cultures of dominant microalgae in MLSS, Pseudopediastrum sp. and Desmodesmus sp. achieved a rapid 92 and 75% settleability within 3 h. A self-flocculating filamentous cyanobacterium, Leptolyngbya strain ECCN 20BG was isolated, characterized, and shown to achieve 99% settleability within 5 min by forming large tightly aggregated flocs. In further experiments, this strain was found to improve the settleability of MLSS by an average of 20%. Bacterial strains identified as Bacillus strain ECCN 40b, Bacillus strain ECCN 41b, Planococcus strain ECCN 45b, and Exiguobacterium strain ECCN 46b were also observed to produce sticky EPS-like materials in pure cultures that could also contribute to the aggregation of cells in a mixed environment. Given these results, various factors and/or mechanisms that might enhance microbial aggregation and biomass recovery from HRAOP MLSS were identified in this study and include; (1) dominance by larger colonial microalgae prevents disintegration of MaB-flocs and enhances recovery of biomass from MLSS by gravity sedimentation, (2) presence of filamentous cyanobacteria species that can self-flocculate to form an interwoven network of filaments may play an important role in the structural stability and settleability of MaB-flocs in MLSS, and (3) production of EPS to form the matrix or scaffold whereon all microbial components aggregate to develop a microenvironment. Indeed, all forms of EPS, except for that produced by Bacillus strain ECCN 41b, showed bioflocculating property and were able to serve as flocculants for the recovery of Chlorella, an alga known for its poor settleability. A combination of biochemical analyses and FTIR spectroscopy revealed the importance of carbohydrate enrichment of these biopolymers. Carbohydrate concentration in all forms of EPS was between 12 and 41% suggesting that production of these compounds by microbes within the MLSS contributed to MaB-floc formation. EPS extracted from bulk MLSS and EPS produced by Bacillus strains possessed some surface-active properties that were comparable to Triton X-100, indicating potential application in bioremediation and recovery of oil from contaminated soil and water. In particular, EPS generated from Bacillus strain ECCN 41b displayed relatively distinct properties including the quantity produced (> 500 mg/L), increased viscosity, inability to flocculate microalgal cells, a rhamnolipid content of 32%, and a higher surface-activity. Based on these results, Bacillus strain ECCN 41b was rationalized to produce anionic EPS with potential application in metal or oil recovery. In addition to EPS production, the bacteria Planococcus strain ECCN 45b and Exiguobacterium strain ECCN 46b appeared pigmented. Based on partial characterization using UV/Vis spectrophotometry, thin-layer chromatography, FTIR, and NMR, the pigments produced by these two strains appeared to be identical and were tentatively identified as ketocarotenoids. This study successfully demonstrated the importance of EPS production and formation of MaB-flocs in the MLSS from HRAOP of an IAPS treating domestic sewage. It is evident that increased settleability of the biomass does contribute to the reported efficiency of wastewater treatment by IAPS and would reduce both total suspended solids (TSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). In addition, demonstration that this biomass contains products of value such as carotenoids and EPS with potential for commercial use strengthens the idea of using IAPS as a platform technology for innovation of the wastewater treatment process to a biorefinery. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, 2021
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- Date Issued: 2021-10-29
Perceptions and experience of school violence among teachers and learners within a black township in the Sarah Baartman District, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Ndemka, Sibulela
- Date: 2021-10-29
- Subjects: School violence South Africa Eastern Cape , Teachers South Africa Eastern Cape Attitudes , High school students South Africa Eastern Cape Attitudes , High school students Conduct of life , High school students Economic conditions , High school students Social conditions , Social constructionism South Africa Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/190760 , vital:45025
- Description: In exploring the knowledge/awarness of school violence within the teacher and student school relationship. The principal objective of the study was to investigate the perceptions and experiences of school violence among teachers and learners by reference to a public high school in a historically black African, working class township in the Sarah Baartman District Municipality, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The high school was chosen for its geographical location within the community and relative nature of shared stories of violence within the surrounding vicinity. The conceptual, theoretical, and analytical frameworks underpinning this study is social constructionism theory, expanding from the theoretical claim that violence is socially constructed through the process of socialisation and institutionalization. The study reviewed relavant literature on violence in South African schools highlighting the relationship of school violence to current social and educational challenges and crises and the impact that school violence has on learners, teachers, and communities. The research methodology employed is qualitative and evidence was derived through semi-structured in-depth interviews. A sample male and female teachers and learners were recruited through networking. The researcher recruited participants outside the school and through participant referrals to uncover intricacies of school violence drawing on relevant literature in relation to the dynamics of this social and institutional problem. Data was analysed and thematically presented in line with the research objectives. The study findings imply that school violence is complex and gendered. Arguing that cultural, socio-economic, family, community, and social interpersonal factors account for school violence in South Africa. Male teachers and students mostly bieng the victims and perpetrators, implicating this behaviour to a culture of toxic masculinity and shared complicities as contributing factors to school violence. In addition, the study found that the change in status and expectations of boys who return from initiation sometimes provoked violence between initiated learners and adults who did not accord them the respect expected post-initiation. , Thesis (MSocSci) -- Faculty of Humanities, Sociology, 2021
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- Date Issued: 2021-10-29
Plant-fungal mutualism as a strategy for the bioremediation of hydrocarbon polluted soils
- Authors: Keshinro, Olajide Muritala
- Date: 2021-10-29
- Subjects: Mutualism (Biology) , Plant-fungus relationships , Bioremediation , Mucilage , Plant exudates , Extracellular polymeric substances , Laccase , Peroxidase , Phytoremediation , Ligninolytic enzymes
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/190918 , vital:45041 , 10.21504/10962/190918
- Description: Inasmuch as coal remains the linchpin for the generation of electricity and liquid petroleum products in South Africa, hydrocarbon waste and coal discard will continue to pose a threat to the environment. Therefore, the onus is on the associated industries to develop and implement efficient and sustainable strategies to mitigate the negative impacts of energy generating activities on the environment. Most conventional efforts in this regard, although successful for soil repair and the initiation of vegetation, have been deemed unsustainable. In an effort to find a sustainable remediation strategy a novel technology termed “FungCoal” was conceptualized and patented as a strategy for the rehabilitation of open cast coal mines, carbonaceous-rich spoils and coal wastes. This biotechnology, which exploits plant-fungal mutualism to achieve effective biodegradation of coal on discard dumps and the breakdown of the carbonaceous component in spoils, promotes revegetation to facilitate rehabilitation of mining-disturbed land. However, one limiting factor of the FungCoal bioprocess is that it requires oxidized weathered coal, a highly complex and variable resource for use as a co-substrate, for growth and proliferation of the coal degrading microorganisms. To fully exploit the potential of plant-fungal mutualism and its interaction for use in the remediation of coal contaminated soils, this study investigated the proposed relationship between plant roots, root exudate and the coal degrading fungus “Aspergillus sp.” (previously Neosartorya fischeri) strain 84 in more detail, in an effort to gain further insight into the mechanisms underpinning plant-fungal mutualism as a strategy for re-vegetation of coal discard dumps and the rehabilitation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil using the FungCoal approach. A pot-on-beaker (PoB) method was developed for the easy cultivation and collection of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS)-containing exudates from Zea mays L. (maize) and Abelmuschus esculentus (okra). Characterisation of the EPS material from these exudates was carried out using a combination of physicochemical and biochemical methods. The results from analysis of phenolics and indoles showed that exudates contain some form of indoles and phenolic compounds, although in little proportions, which may fulfil a signalling function, responsible for attracting soil microorganisms into the rhizosphere. Spectroscopic analysis of the exudates using FT-IR revealed vibrations corresponding to functional groups of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and carboxylic acids. These compounds likely provide an easily accessible source of carbon to soil microorganisms and are also a better alternative to the poly-aromatics which are an inherent component locked-up in the supposed recalcitrant coal material. The results from biochemical analyses also revealed the presence of carbohydrate, proteins, lipids, and low amounts of α-amino-nitrogen in the EPS of maize and okra. These components of EPS are all essential for the stimulation of enzymatic activities in soil microorganisms and, which may in turn aid biodegradation. The action of the root EPS from maize was further tested on three coal-degrading fungal isolates identified as Aspergillus strain ECCN 84, Aspergillus strain ECCN 225 and Penicillium strain ECCN 243 for manganese peroxidase (MnP) and laccase (LAC) activities. The results revealed that the Aspergillus species, strains ECCN 84 and ECCN 225, showed with or without EPS, observable black halos surrounding each of the colonies after 7d incubation indicative of positive MnP activity, while no activity was observed for the Penicillium sp. strain ECCN 243. Analysis for LAC revealed little or no activity in any of the coal degrading fungi following addition of pulverized coal to the growth medium. Interestingly, the addition of EPS-containing exudate to the coal-containing medium resulted in increased LAC activity for all fungal isolates. This finding affirmed the positive contribution of EPS to extracellular LAC activity, purported as an important enzyme in the coal biodegradation process. Finally, the impact of plant-derived exudate on the colonisation and biodegradation of coal was investigated in situ using rhizoboxes, to simulate a coal environment, and was carried out for 16 weeks. Microscopic examination of coal samples after termination of the experiment showed fungal proliferation and attachment to coal particles. All of the rhizoboxes that contained plants had higher medium pH and EC, and the concentration of phenolics, indoles and humic acids was greater than that of control treatments. These observations indicated better rhizosphere colonisation, substrate biodegradation and humification. Therefore, root exudate appears to play a significant role in coordination of soil microorganisms within the rhizosphere and likely serves both as a scaffold for rhizospheric interactions by providing microorganisms with accessible carbon and as a likely ‘trigger’ for induction of coal-degrading enzymes such as fungal LAC for mobilisation of recalcitrant carbon. This study has shown that EPS exuded from roots of Zea mays together with coal degrading fungus Aspergillus strain ECCN 84 can alkalinise the coal substrate and facilitate introduction of oxygen, possibly as a result of increased laccase activity, and increase availability of nutrients (as indicated by higher EC) in a coal-polluted rhizosphere, to provide plants and their associated mycorrhizae and presumably other beneficial microorganisms a more mesic environment for sustained phytoremediation with enhanced rehabilitation potential. In conclusion, this study confirms the positive role of root exudate in mediating a mutualistic rehabilitation strategy involving plants and fungi such as the FungCoal bioprocess. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, 2021
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- Date Issued: 2021-10-29
Systematics of the Afrotropical Chalcididae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)
- Authors: Faure, Sariana
- Date: 2021-10-29
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/192808 , vital:45266
- Description: Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Zoology and Entomology, 2021
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- Date Issued: 2021-10-29
The biological control of Egeria densa Planch. (Hydrocharitaceae) in South Africa
- Authors: Smith, Rosali
- Date: 2021-10-29
- Subjects: Egeria (Plant genus) Biological control South Africa , Hydrocharitaceae Biological control South Africa , Aquatic weeds Biological control South Africa , Leafminers South Africa , Plant invasions South Africa , Resilience (Ecology) South Africa , Freshwater ecology South Africa , Hydrellia South Africa , Submerged macrophyte
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/191102 , vital:45060 , 10.21504/10962/191102
- Description: Over the last thirty years, biological control, the use of host-specific natural enemies, has been a huge asset in the management exotic aquatic macrophytes such as Pistia stratiotes L. (Araceae), Pontederia crassipes Mart. (Solms) (Pontederiaceae), Azolla filiculoides Lam. (Azollaceae), Salvinia molesta D.S. Mitch (Salviniaceae) and Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc. (Haloragaceae), also known as the “Big Bad Five” in South Africa. Despite these successes, freshwater ecosystems in South Africa have been harder to restore to an invasive macrophyte-free space, due to chronic disturbances such eutrophication, propagule dispersal and hydrological alterations. In the Anthropocene, where human activities have profound effects on their environment, these disturbances weakens ecological resilience and drive aquatic plant invasions. Due to long periods of invasions and the presence of a new suite of exotic aquatic plant propagules, native vegetation recolonization has been slow or even absent. Instead, the release of resources, such as sunlight, nutrient and space through aquatic weed management acts as a catalyst for secondary biological invasion. New invasive aquatic weeds include submerged and rooted emergent growth types, with Egeria densa Planch. (Hydrocharitaceae) the most widely distributed submerged aquatic weed in South Africa. It can quickly form dense monoculture stands that have ecological, economic and social impacts. Because of its ability to regenerate from plant fragments with double nodes, mechanical control is inappropriate. Additionally, mechanical and chemical control not only affects E. densa but have significant non-target effects. In response to its rapid spread over the last 20 years, especially following floating invasive aquatic management, a biological control programme was initiated, and in 2018, the leaf-mining fly, Hydrellia egeriae Rodrigues (Diptera: Ephydridae) was released. This was the first release of a biological control agent against E. densa in the world, and the first agent released against a submerged aquatic weed in South Africa. This thesis comprises the subsequent step of a biological control program when permission for the release of an agent have been obtained. A brief history of macrophyte invasions in South Africa’s unique freshwater systems are given in the literature review. Contributing factors to secondary invasions within the context of ecological resilience are introduced. An argument for the benefit of biological control as nuisance control is given, especially because E. densa and its natural enemy, H. egeriae is the focus species of this thesis. The main goal after permission for the release of an agent have been obtained, is to establish and build-up field populations. Research questions in this thesis aimed to investigate factors that contribute to or negate this goal. Through laboratory and field experiments we investigated the thermal physiology of the agent, and its climatic suitability to its novel range; different release strategies on field establishment and biotic resistance through the acquisition of novel parasitoids. Considering the longevity of this biological control program, we investigated the effects of elevated CO2 on the interaction between E. densa and H. egeriae through open top chamber experiments. Laboratory thermal physiology results showed that the agent is able to survive, develop and proliferate at all E. densa sites throughout the year. This is confirmed with the establishment of the agent at two release sites, the Nahoon River in the Eastern Cape Province and the Midmar Dam in KwaZulu-Natal. Post-release surveys showed that H. egeriae requires augmentative releases to sustain field populations. Without augmentative releases, H. egeriae herbivory levels were almost negligent. However, a contributing factor to low field-populations was parasitism. The biological control agent acquired three parasitoids, which have previously been described from Hydrellia lagarosiphon Deeming (Diptera: Ephydridae), a specific herbivore to Lagarosiphon major (Ridl.) Moss (Hydrocharitaceae). These results provide information on the immediate establishment and effectiveness of the H. egeriae. Results from the elevated CO2 study suggest that E. densa will become less nutritious through a shift in leaf C/N ratio, when ambient 800ppm is bubbled into experimental growth chambers. Hydrellia egeriae feeding was affected by ambient CO2 levels and plant nutrient availability. The set levels of ambient CO2 levels used in this experiment produced dissolved inorganic carbon levels that were lower than dissolved inorganic carbon levels in E. densa invaded sites. This suggests that, submerged aquatic plant-insect interactions may be harder to predict from only laboratory experiments. Further investigations are necessary to establish system-specific characteristics i.e. dissolved inorganic carbon and target plant nutritional quality. The biological control of E. densa in South Africa is still in its infancy. This study presents results from post-release surveys up until two years after the agent was released. From this study, Hydrellia egeriae exhibits the potential to be an effective biological control agent, but release strategies should be adapted to sustain field populations and to limit field parasitism effects. Continued post-release surveys will provide a more comprehensive idea of the seasonal fluctuations of field-populations and parasitism. Surveys at multiple sites will provide information on potential site specific characteristics that contribute to or negate biological effort. Considering the high nutrient status of South African freshwater systems, a more holistic approach to E. densa management is necessary. This will require the strengthening of ecological resilience to prevent systems from shifting into an alternate invasive stable state. In addition, aquatic weed management needs to be addressed by a resilient social network, which ultimately calls for the strengthening of socio-ecological resilience. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Zoology and Entomology, 2021
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- Date Issued: 2021-10-29
Tronkvoël: An exploration of the intersection of personal experiences and identities, concerning depression
- Authors: Kramer, Brunn David
- Date: 2021-10-29
- Subjects: Mental illness in art , Art, South African 21st century , Metaphor in art , Depression, Mental , Prisons in art , Identity (Philosophical concept) in art , Gender identity in art , Intersectionality (Sociology)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/191647 , vital:45129
- Description: My diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder in 2018 led to my experience of a terrible loneliness and a peculiar isolation that triggered a feeling of imprisonment. The work thus engages with the idea of prison as a metaphor for depression, and is influenced by earlier work that centred around prisons and ex-prisoners. I explore the intersection of gender-based issues, homophobia, racism and religious prejudice that is based on my experiences and identities, in an attempt to understand the depression and communicate the complex prejudices I face in my daily life. The work is based on my lived experience, through which depression can feel like a self-constructed prison. Thus, by visually communicating my lived experiences with depression as a coloured, queer body, I also aim to encourage dialogue and open up conversations around mental illness, as it is all too is often seen as taboo, particularly in communities of colour. I harness old family photographs as a departure point to investigate personal memory, as well as recently captured selfies to explore my narrative of self-imprisonment. I also integrate objects from childhood games such as glass marbles, with prison objects like paper mache dice and shivs all presented in the form of an installation. My invisible prison is visually communicated further through incorporating visual language of the prison – including tattoos, prison slang, and ‘shifts and shanks’ (makeshift weapons). I use a variety of mediums, including charcoal, photographic transfers, paint and linocuts, with a combination of burning and smoking techniques, made by using candle soot, as a primary feature throughout my work. In this mini-thesis I reflect on memories from my childhood and the way they have informed my experience of depression as a self-constructed prison. I position my practice in relation to the work of South African artist Tsoku Maela who navigates similar concerns in his own artworks. , Thesis (MFA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Fine Art, 2021
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- Date Issued: 2021-10-29
Who are you? Online practices of self-representation of black gay men at Rhodes University on the geosocial networking application Grindr
- Authors: Olivier, Jason Eben
- Date: 2021-10-29
- Subjects: Grindr (Computer program) , Gay men, Black South Africa Makhanda , Gay men Identity , Internet and gay men South Africa Makhanda , Social media and college students South Africa Makhanda , Masculinity South Africa Makhanda , Racism in the sexual minority community South Africa Makhanda , Sexism South Africa Makhanda , Rhodes University
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/294851 , vital:57262
- Description: The study investigates how young black gay men at Rhodes University use technology to explore their sexual identity and focuses specifically on their self-representation choices. Incorporating qualitative semi-structured interviews and a walkthrough of Grindr, the research asked participants to share their experiences of using Grindr, a geo-social networking application, and how their self-representation practices on the site contributed to their conception of what it means to be a young black gay man online. Using a thematic analysis of the data collected from five self-identified black gay Rhodes University students, findings indicate that self-representation choices of black gay men on Grindr become a complex experience influenced by overt sexist and racist micro-aggressions in an environment where masculinities operate in a hierarchy of desire, preference, and attractiveness with race operating as an important signifier of these even in a post-Apartheid South Africa that is celebrated for its world-class Constitution. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Journalism and Media Studies, 2021
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- Date Issued: 2021-10-29
Working inside Bank 4.0: analysing the impact of the 4IR on the organization of work in the banking sector of South Africa
- Authors: Moshime, Kabelo Katlego
- Date: 2021-10-29
- Subjects: Industry 4.0 South Africa , Banks and banking South Africa , Banks and banking Technological innovations South Africa , Organizational change South Africa , Bank employees South Africa , Job security , Labour process theory
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/192386 , vital:45221
- Description: The main objective of the study is to analyse the impact of the 4IR on the organization of work processes in the banking sector of Pretoria, South Africa. The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) is an extension of the digital revolution based on the interconnectedness of machinery and cyber- physical systems that intelligently produce and control production. The South African banking sector has not been immune to the changes brought on by the 4IR in other sectors, as many financial institutions in the country have digitized the bulk of their services, in order to make banking quicker and more efficient. Additionally, the latest COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the emergence of digital solutions and e-commerce across different sectors worldwide, thus showing that 4IR is here to stay. On the surface, the adoption of various technological innovations within the banking sector seems like a logical step towards building a more efficient banking system, with minimal deficiencies and upskilling opportunities for banking employees, thus providing an improved and convenient banking experience for customers. On the other side, however, one can see general trends that may not be in the best interest for people employed within the banking sector. For example: the introduction of new technologies has reduced the number of employees in banks; the skills upgrade that some bankers have experienced as a result of new technologies, have come at the cost of the many job losses in the sector; also, the control methods in the banks have become more centralised, thus ensuring extreme monitoring of staff. Additionally, new technologies have eliminated the spaces for deficiencies, and have given consumers a greater role in their banking experiences, instead of being assisted from a-z in their local branches. In light of these changes, one has to question the real impact of these changes on the people that have chosen banking as a career, as ‘machines’ have taken over their banking institutions. Using the Labour Process Theory (LPT), this study examined the impact of the 4IR processes on the organization of work and the general employment experiences of employees in the banking sector of Tshwane, in the Gauteng province, of South Africa. This study found the following outcomes: technologies facilitate greater monitoring of the workplace, enable flexible specialisation for workers, reduces foot-flow in bank branches, and shifts the bankers’ work into the hands of the customers. , Thesis (MSocSci) -- Faculty of Humanities, Sociology, 2021
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- Date Issued: 2021-10-29
The synthesis and characterisation of Sn(IV) porphyrin derivatives and their potential application in anti-cancer and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy
- Authors: Dingiswayo, Somila
- Date: 2021-10
- Subjects: Porphyrins , Photochemotherapy , Cancer Photochemotherapy , Active oxygen Physiological effect , Aromaticity (Chemistry) , Tetrapyrroles , Magnetic circular dichroism , Corroles , Chlorins , Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT)
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/188843 , vital:44791
- Description: In photodynamic therapy (PDT), the activation of light-sensitive drugs in tumour cells produces reactive singlet oxygen species, which cause tumour destruction through a cascade of biochemical reactions. Over the years, the wavelength of activation has been shown to be a critical factor in the penetration of light. Hence the properties of photosensitiser dyes in this context shape their ability to treat deep-seated tumours. In this study, the synthesis, structural characterisation and photophysicochemical properties of a series of Sn(IV) porphyrins with meso-methylthiophenyl rings that have been prepared to study their PDT and photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) activity properties are reported. The series of Sn(IV) complexes is comprised of a porphyrin (1-Sn), a corrole (2-Sn), a chlorin (3-Sn) and an N-confused porphyrin (4-Sn). Herein, the low symmetry Sn(IV) porphyrin derivatives are shown to have excellent singlet oxygen generation capabilities, and lifetimes of the triplet excited states were in the microsecond range. For example, 4-Sn had a singlet oxygen quantum yield (ФΔ) and an excited triplet state lifetime (τT) of 0.88 and 27 μs, respectively. The complexes were studied using UV-visible and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopies. Interestingly, the positive-to-negative sign sequences of the Faraday B0 terms of 2-Sn and 3-Sn reveal that the structural modifications involved break the degeneracy of the MOs derived from the 1eg* LUMO of the porphyrin 1-Sn. In contrast, a conventional negative-to-positive sign sequence is observed for 4-Sn, since the confusion of a pyrrole moiety also results in a large separation of the 1a1u and 1a2u MOs of the porphyrin 1-Sn that are derived from the HOMO of a C16H162−parent hydrocarbon perimeter. The trends in the electronic structures of the Sn(IV) complexes were further investigated through a series of time-dependent density functional theory calculations, so that the suitability of the different types of complex for use in singlet oxygen applications could be further explored. During in vitro photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) studies, chlorin derivative 3-Sn had the highest activity towards S. aureus and E. coli with log10 reductions of 10.5 and 8.74, respectively. The unusually high activity of 3-Sn against E.coli suggests that the interaction of neutral photosensitisers with gram-negativebacteria is more complex than previously understood. Anti-cancer PDT studies demonstrated that the photosensitisers had negligible dark cytotoxicity. Upon photoirradiation, the Sn(IV) complexes consistently exhibited IC50 values lower than 15 μM against MCF-7 adenocarcinoma cells. An IC50 value of 1.4 μM for 4-Sn after activation at the deep-red region of the spectrum demonstrates that complexes of this type merit further in-depth investigation. The results provide evidence that the low-symmetry Sn(IV) chlorins and N-confused porphyrins merit further in-depth study for use in singlet oxygen applications. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Chemistry, 2021
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- Date Issued: 2021-10
Development and assessment of rifampicin loaded self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems
- Authors: Mphaphuli, Mashudu Theodore
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: To be added
- Language: English
- Type: thesis , text , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/178503 , vital:42945
- Description: Access restricted until April 2023. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacy, 2021
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- Date Issued: 2021-04
Development and characterisation of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride solid lipid nanoparticles for ocular delivery
- Authors: Dhege, Clarence
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: To be added
- Language: English
- Type: thesis , text , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/178446 , vital:42940
- Description: Access restricted until April 2023. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacy, 2021
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- Date Issued: 2021-04
Exploring how Grade 9 Physical Science teachers mediate learning of the topic of chemical changes
- Authors: Likando, Orrice Munukayumbwa
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Science -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- Namibia , Chemistry -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- Namibia , Culturally relevant pedagogy , Pedagogical content knowledge , Prior learning -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: thesis , text , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/177918 , vital:42890
- Description: The examiners’ reports for 2013-2018 indicated that learners consistently perform poorly in questions based on chemical changes. My assumption is that the reason why learners are challenged with understanding the topic of chemical changes could be due to the way this topic is taught. It is against this background that this study explored how grade 9 Physical Science teachers mediated learning of the topic of chemical changes. The study is underpinned by an interpretive paradigm. Within the interpretive paradigm, a qualitative case study research design was employed. It was conducted at two different schools in the Otjozondjupa region with two Physical Science teachers. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, lesson observations, stimulated recall interviews, and teachers’ reflections. The study is informed by Vygotsky’s socio-cultural theory together with Shulman’s pedagogical content knowledge as the theoretical frameworks. A thematic approach to data analysis was adopted. That is, qualitative data were analysed inductively to come up with sub-themes to form themes. Moreover, validation and trustworthiness were completed through data triangulation, member checking, and watching videotaped lessons with the participants. The findings of this study revealed that the topic of chemical changes has many examples which can be used during mediation. Teachers seemed to be aware of integrating learners’ experiences into their lessons. Furthermore, they were aware that they should improvise resources during mediation of learning. In contrast, during lesson observations, the findings revealed an imbalance between this awareness and the actual knowledge of using easily accessible materials, and the elicitation and integration of prior knowledge throughout the science lessons. Moreover, hands-on practical activities were lacking in the mediation process and instead, traditional methods of teaching tended to dominate. Nonetheless, teachers’ reflections influenced them to analyse and strengthen their lessons. Thus, the study recommends that there is a need for teachers to have mentorships and platforms which can expose them to the knowledge of different types of easily accessible materials. This might strengthen their PCK. Teachers are also encouraged to do some reflections after very lesson as these have a potential to influence their pedagogical practices. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, Education, 2021
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- Date Issued: 2021-04
Framing realities : a critical analysis of perspectival distortion in the film Alice by Czech Surrealist Jan Švankmajer
- Authors: Soutter, Simone
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Švankmajer, Jan, 1934- -- Criticism and interpretation , Depression, Mental -- Exhibitions , Perception , Frames (Sociology) , Surrealism -- Influence , Cubism -- Influence , Surrealism in motion pictures , Depression, Mental in art
- Language: English
- Type: thesis , text , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/178365 , vital:42933
- Description: My MFA exhibition Through the looking glass; altered states of perception, explores my experience of mental distress: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), through the medium of painting and multimedia collage. Situated in the Main Fine Art building on Rhodes University campus, this practical submission takes the form of a collection of oil paintings accompanied by an immersive wall of collaged experimentations, depicting the perspectival shifts I have experienced in coping with mental distress. The paintings explore concepts of framing and perspective, both literally and metaphorically in unpacking how our perceptions are manipulated by the way in which situations and concepts are framed. I use strategies and techniques drawn from the Surrealist and Cubist movements in order to depict my distorted experience of time and space, but also to tap into my own unconscious. In this mini-thesis: Framing realities; A critical analysis of perspectival distortion in the film Alice by Czech Surrealist Jan Švankmajer, I explore the strategies and concepts developed during the Surrealist and Cubist movements in relation to strategies used by Švankmajer in his disturbing interpretation of Alice’s Adventures into Wonderland. Here, he visually explores the psyche of an imaginative child. His unique interpretation is expressed through the combination of live-action film and stop-motion animation. I position my work in relation to themes proposed by Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Ernst Jentch, Sigmund Freud and Julia Kristeva. In the first Chapter: Framing and Perspectival shifts, I unpack framing and perspectival shifts exhibited in the Cubist (a physical shift), Dadaist (a social shift), and Surrealist (an unconscious shift) movements. In Chapter Two: A critical analysis of Alice by Jan Švankmajer, I engage in an analysis of themes (examined in the above art movements) relative to the film Alice. These are found objects and assemblages, ambiguity, distortion of scale, the Unconscious, the uncanny and multi-sensory modalities. Chapter Three: Through the Looking Glass; Altered states of perception, I discuss how the themes discussed in Chapter Two apply to my own body of work and how these themes are addressed with regards to my lived experience of mental disorder and distress. , Thesis (MFA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Fine Arts, 2021
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- Date Issued: 2021-04
In silico identification of selective novel hits against the active site of wild type mycobacterium tuberculosis pyrazinamidase and its mutants
- Authors: Gowo, Prudence
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Pyrazinamide , Multidrug resistance , Antitubercular agents , Molecular dynamics , Hydrogen bonding , Ligand binding (Biochemistry) , Dynamic Residue Network
- Language: English
- Type: thesis , text , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/178007 , vital:42898
- Description: The World Health Organization declared Tuberculosis a global health emergency and has set a goal to eradicate it by 2035. However, effective treatment and control of the disease is being hindered by the emerging Multi-Drug Resistant and Extensively Drug Resistant strains on the most effective first line prodrug, Pyrazinamide (PZA). Studies have shown that the main cause of PZA resistance is due to mutations in the pncA gene that codes for the target protein Pyrazinamidase (PZase). Therefore, this study aimed to identify novel drug compounds that bind to the active site of wild type PZase and study the dynamics of these potential anti-TB drugs in the mutant systems of PZase. This approach will aid in identifying drugs that may be repurposed for TB therapy and/or designed to counteract PZA resistance. This was achieved by screening 2089 DrugBank compounds against the whole wild type (WT) PZase protein in molecular docking using AutoDOCK4.2. Compound screening based on docking binding energy, hydrogen bonds, molecular weight and active site proximity identified 47 compounds meeting all the set selection criteria. The stability of these compounds were analysed in Molecular Dynamic (MD) simulations and were further studied in PZase mutant systems of A3P, A134V, A146V, D8G, D49A, D49G, D63G, H51P, H137R, L85R, L116R, Q10P, R140S, T61P, V139M and Y103S. Generally, mutant-ligand systems displayed little deviation from the WT systems. The compound systems remained compact, with less fluctuations and more hydrogen bond interactions throughout the simulation (DB00255, DB00655, DB00672, DB00782, DB00977, DB01196, DB04573, DB06414, DB08981, DB11181, DB11760, DB13867, DB13952). From this research study, potential drugs that may be repurposed for TB therapy were identified. Majority of these drugs are currently used in the treatment of hypertension, menopause disorders and inflammation. To further understand the mutant-ligand dynamic systems, calculations such as Dynamic Residue Network (DRN) may be done. Also, the bioactivity of these drugs on Mycobacterium tuberculosis may be studied in wet laboratory, to understand their clinical impart in vivo experiments. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2021
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- Date Issued: 2021-04