"Constructive critic" or "donor agency": does the World Bank have a role to play in sub-Saharan Africa's development beyond that of providing economic aid?
- Authors: Thompson, Christine Audra
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Africa, Sub-Saharan -- Economic conditions -- 20th century , World Bank -- Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa, Sub-Saharan -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2835 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003045 , Africa, Sub-Saharan -- Economic conditions -- 20th century , World Bank -- Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa, Sub-Saharan -- Economic conditions
- Description: This thesis attempts to evaluate the role of the World Bank in Sub-Saharan Africa's development. It argues that the World Bank has stepped beyond the boundaries of a typical lending institution by linking its aid to political reform. The study argues that in this capacity the Bank has contributed to the halting democratization process currently underway in Africa. The economic effects of the World Bank's Structural Adjustment Programmes have been less successful. As yet, the programmes have not produced the expected results and there is no evidence of long-term, sustainable economic recovery in Sub-Saharan Africa. These programmes are, however, long-term strategies and it may therefore be too premature to reach a final conclusion. They may also have been affected negatively by unfavourable political environments. This study, noting the negative effects of the international terms of trade and prices for African exports, concludes that although economic recovery in Sub-Saharan Africa will be facilitated by domestic political and economic policy reform, there is also a need for reform of the international economic order. The World Bank has correctly identified the need for domestic improvement, but it has a tendency to disregard the negative consequences of the existing structure of the international economy.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Thompson, Christine Audra
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Africa, Sub-Saharan -- Economic conditions -- 20th century , World Bank -- Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa, Sub-Saharan -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2835 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003045 , Africa, Sub-Saharan -- Economic conditions -- 20th century , World Bank -- Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa, Sub-Saharan -- Economic conditions
- Description: This thesis attempts to evaluate the role of the World Bank in Sub-Saharan Africa's development. It argues that the World Bank has stepped beyond the boundaries of a typical lending institution by linking its aid to political reform. The study argues that in this capacity the Bank has contributed to the halting democratization process currently underway in Africa. The economic effects of the World Bank's Structural Adjustment Programmes have been less successful. As yet, the programmes have not produced the expected results and there is no evidence of long-term, sustainable economic recovery in Sub-Saharan Africa. These programmes are, however, long-term strategies and it may therefore be too premature to reach a final conclusion. They may also have been affected negatively by unfavourable political environments. This study, noting the negative effects of the international terms of trade and prices for African exports, concludes that although economic recovery in Sub-Saharan Africa will be facilitated by domestic political and economic policy reform, there is also a need for reform of the international economic order. The World Bank has correctly identified the need for domestic improvement, but it has a tendency to disregard the negative consequences of the existing structure of the international economy.
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'n Ondersoek na die aanwending van 'n enkele mikrorekenaar in die klaskamer as hulpmiddel vir die onderrig van wiskunde in die sekondere skool
- Authors: Mostert, Marthinus Petrus
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Education, Secondary -- South Africa -- Computer-assisted instruction Mathematics -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- Data processing Computer-assisted instruction -- South Africa Educational technology -- South Africa
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1679 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003562
- Description: Suppes beweer dat "All teachers everywhere recognise the help that books give them in teaching students. The day is coming when computers will receive the same recognition. Teachers look on computers as a new and powerful tool for helping them to teach their students more effectively." In hierdie ondersoek word gepoog om op die voordele van die aanwending van een mikrorekenaar as hulpmiddel vir die onderwyser vir die onderrig van wiskunde, te wys. Die belangrikste oorwegings in die ondersoek was: 1. Efektiwiteit van die metode. 2. Bekostigbaarheid van die metode. Die effektiwiteit van hierdie metode van onderrig word hoofsaaklik bepaal deur die geskiktheid van die programmatuur. Programmeringsvaardighede aan die kant van onderwysopgeleide persone versterk hierdie oorweging. Deurdat slegs een mikrorekenaar gebruik word, word deels aan die tweede oorweging, naamllk bekostigbaarheld, voldoen. Programmeringsvaardighede, soos hierbo genoem, kan ook bydra tot die besparing van koste deurdat bogenoemde programmatuur 'intern' ontwikkel word. Die wens word uitgespreek dat hierdie metode van onderrig tot voordeel van die totale leerlingbevolking van die land aangewend sal kan word.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mostert, Marthinus Petrus
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Education, Secondary -- South Africa -- Computer-assisted instruction Mathematics -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- Data processing Computer-assisted instruction -- South Africa Educational technology -- South Africa
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1679 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003562
- Description: Suppes beweer dat "All teachers everywhere recognise the help that books give them in teaching students. The day is coming when computers will receive the same recognition. Teachers look on computers as a new and powerful tool for helping them to teach their students more effectively." In hierdie ondersoek word gepoog om op die voordele van die aanwending van een mikrorekenaar as hulpmiddel vir die onderwyser vir die onderrig van wiskunde, te wys. Die belangrikste oorwegings in die ondersoek was: 1. Efektiwiteit van die metode. 2. Bekostigbaarheid van die metode. Die effektiwiteit van hierdie metode van onderrig word hoofsaaklik bepaal deur die geskiktheid van die programmatuur. Programmeringsvaardighede aan die kant van onderwysopgeleide persone versterk hierdie oorweging. Deurdat slegs een mikrorekenaar gebruik word, word deels aan die tweede oorweging, naamllk bekostigbaarheld, voldoen. Programmeringsvaardighede, soos hierbo genoem, kan ook bydra tot die besparing van koste deurdat bogenoemde programmatuur 'intern' ontwikkel word. Die wens word uitgespreek dat hierdie metode van onderrig tot voordeel van die totale leerlingbevolking van die land aangewend sal kan word.
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(L, M)-fuzzy topological spaces
- Authors: Matutu, Phethiwe Precious
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Topological spaces , Fuzzy sets
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5410 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005224 , Topological spaces , Fuzzy sets
- Description: The objective of this thesis is to develop certain aspects of the theory of (L,M)-fuzzy topological spaces, where L and M are complete lattices (with additional conditions when necessary). We obtain results which are to a large extent analogous to results given in a series of papers of Šostak (where L = M = [0,1]) but not necessarily with analogous proofs. Often, our generalizations require a variety of techniques from lattice theory e.g. from continuity or complete distributive lattices.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Matutu, Phethiwe Precious
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Topological spaces , Fuzzy sets
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5410 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005224 , Topological spaces , Fuzzy sets
- Description: The objective of this thesis is to develop certain aspects of the theory of (L,M)-fuzzy topological spaces, where L and M are complete lattices (with additional conditions when necessary). We obtain results which are to a large extent analogous to results given in a series of papers of Šostak (where L = M = [0,1]) but not necessarily with analogous proofs. Often, our generalizations require a variety of techniques from lattice theory e.g. from continuity or complete distributive lattices.
- Full Text:
A classroom-based investigation into the potential of the computer spreadsheet as a learning tool within the secondary school mathematics curriculum
- Authors: Funnell, Lynette
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Mathematics -- Computer-assisted instruction Mathematics -- Study and teaching (Secondary) Electronic spreadsheets
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1448 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003329
- Description: The influence of modern technology on education is becoming more noticeable and has implications for the curriculum and the teaching methods of mathematics. The microcomputer can be used effectively as a powerful teaching and learning aid within the mathematics classroom. This study considers the role of the computer as an aid to teachers and pupils in the teaching and learning of mathematics and shows it as having great potential. At present relatively few schools in South Africa are using the computer as a teaching aid in the mathematics classroom. The researcher proposes that some reasons are a shortage of suitable programs, the fact that few teachers have adequate skills in educative uses of the computer and most teachers are not skilled in programming techniques. Based on this assessment of the problem, spreadsheet programs related to some mathematics lessons, together with teaching notes and pupils' material have been developed. Besides describing the potential of the computer in mathematics, this study outlines the development of three spreadsheet packages and suitable teaching methodologies used for each package, and assesses an action research investigation undertaken by the researcher, teachers and pupils when using these spreadsheet packages in six classes. The findings of the investigation are most encouraging. The overall conclusion is that computer spreadsheet packages can assist the teacher in making the learning of mathematics more effective, more interesting and more enjoyable.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Funnell, Lynette
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Mathematics -- Computer-assisted instruction Mathematics -- Study and teaching (Secondary) Electronic spreadsheets
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1448 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003329
- Description: The influence of modern technology on education is becoming more noticeable and has implications for the curriculum and the teaching methods of mathematics. The microcomputer can be used effectively as a powerful teaching and learning aid within the mathematics classroom. This study considers the role of the computer as an aid to teachers and pupils in the teaching and learning of mathematics and shows it as having great potential. At present relatively few schools in South Africa are using the computer as a teaching aid in the mathematics classroom. The researcher proposes that some reasons are a shortage of suitable programs, the fact that few teachers have adequate skills in educative uses of the computer and most teachers are not skilled in programming techniques. Based on this assessment of the problem, spreadsheet programs related to some mathematics lessons, together with teaching notes and pupils' material have been developed. Besides describing the potential of the computer in mathematics, this study outlines the development of three spreadsheet packages and suitable teaching methodologies used for each package, and assesses an action research investigation undertaken by the researcher, teachers and pupils when using these spreadsheet packages in six classes. The findings of the investigation are most encouraging. The overall conclusion is that computer spreadsheet packages can assist the teacher in making the learning of mathematics more effective, more interesting and more enjoyable.
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A consideration of the usefulness of Medard Boss's approach to dream explication, in an attempt to reveal the potential for forward movement
- Authors: Hill, Patricia Margaret
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Boss, Medard, 1903-1990 , Dream interpretation -- Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3212 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012271 , Boss, Medard, 1903-1990 , Dream interpretation -- Case studies
- Description: The purpose of this study is to investigate the value of using a Daseinsanalytic approach to dream explication in order to reveal the essential meaningfulness of behaviourial possibilities for the patient. After discussing the Daseinsanalytic view on dream explication, emphasizing Medard Boss's approach as the major exponent of this view, the study explores the usefulness and validity of the study as a method of investigating the dreams from this perspective. The dreams related in this study are examined individually, giving a phenomenological understanding of each and also providing a possible prospective focus for therapy. It will be shown that the phenomenological understanding of the patient's dreams corresponds with his subjective experience of his emotional existential situation and that any positive changes in the content of the dreams over time corresponds with observable and related changes in his behaviour, ideation and mood. However, if the suggested prospective focus of Medard Boss had been more usefully employed when each dream was explicated in the therapy sessions, it is felt that the progress of therapy would have been greatly enhanced. This study therefore concludes that the use of Medard Boss's approach to dream explication has not only a hermeneutic value in the process of therapy, but also aids the dreamer in becoming aware of the possible modes of behaviour yet unrevealed in his waking life.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Hill, Patricia Margaret
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Boss, Medard, 1903-1990 , Dream interpretation -- Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3212 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012271 , Boss, Medard, 1903-1990 , Dream interpretation -- Case studies
- Description: The purpose of this study is to investigate the value of using a Daseinsanalytic approach to dream explication in order to reveal the essential meaningfulness of behaviourial possibilities for the patient. After discussing the Daseinsanalytic view on dream explication, emphasizing Medard Boss's approach as the major exponent of this view, the study explores the usefulness and validity of the study as a method of investigating the dreams from this perspective. The dreams related in this study are examined individually, giving a phenomenological understanding of each and also providing a possible prospective focus for therapy. It will be shown that the phenomenological understanding of the patient's dreams corresponds with his subjective experience of his emotional existential situation and that any positive changes in the content of the dreams over time corresponds with observable and related changes in his behaviour, ideation and mood. However, if the suggested prospective focus of Medard Boss had been more usefully employed when each dream was explicated in the therapy sessions, it is felt that the progress of therapy would have been greatly enhanced. This study therefore concludes that the use of Medard Boss's approach to dream explication has not only a hermeneutic value in the process of therapy, but also aids the dreamer in becoming aware of the possible modes of behaviour yet unrevealed in his waking life.
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A cost-benefit analysis of electricity supply in a developing country, with reference to Venda
- Authors: Themeli, Tshimangadzo Booi
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Electrification -- Economic aspects -- South Africa -- Venda , Electric utilities -- South Africa -- Venda , Cost effectiveness , Electrification -- Cost effectiveness
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:1022 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002757 , Electrification -- Economic aspects -- South Africa -- Venda , Electric utilities -- South Africa -- Venda , Cost effectiveness , Electrification -- Cost effectiveness
- Description: This study concentrates specificaUy on assessing those elements of private and external costs and benefits which need to be accounted for in analyzing the role of electricity supply in a developing region. To facilitate this aim, three interrelated questions are addressed. The first question examines the reasons why a critical need for electrification in developing areas exists. In this regard, a selective review of the literature on development economics is offered, illuminating the previous neglect of the rural dimension in development and the associated problems of poverty and inequality, a lack of infrastructure and the general inability to fulfill basic needs. The second question is devoted exclusively to an economic analysis of the supply of electricity in developing areas. A broad theoretical review on whether an unregulated or regulated (private or public) sector should be responsible for the provision of electrification is presented. This evaluation highlights the various welfare implications and efficiency considerations that appear to be relevant in the present context. The final question, which constitutes the central proposition of the thesis, establishes how electrification should be supplied in developing areas. To this end, the conditions specific to a region in Venda are discussed. An attempt is made to identify the private and external costs and benefits relating to electricity supply and the corresponding costs and benefits pertaining to alternative sources of energy. Since the incidence and nature of these costs and benefits could only be ascertained from individual households, it was deemed necessary to undertake a questionnaire study of residents in Makwarela township and its periurban settlement of Lufule-Tshisele. A number of basic trends were evident from the research results. As far as the various benefits are concerned, respondents tended to place a much higher value on both the private and external benefits associated with electricity than its alternatives. At the same time, the survey found that although the private (or monetary) cost of electricity far exceeded the corresponding cost of alternative energy sources, the external costs were significant in the case of alternative energy sources, but virtually non-existent in the case of electricity. On the whole, the Venda survey seems to suggest that an economic case can be made for involving the broader community in subsidising the supply of electricity in Makwarela, Lufule-Tshisele and other areas. While such a subsidy can perhaps be justified on distribution grounds alone, and more specifically in terms of the rapid and pronounced effect it is likely to have on the quality of life in the region, its real worth lies in the fact that it may confer certain external benefits on the community.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Themeli, Tshimangadzo Booi
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Electrification -- Economic aspects -- South Africa -- Venda , Electric utilities -- South Africa -- Venda , Cost effectiveness , Electrification -- Cost effectiveness
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:1022 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002757 , Electrification -- Economic aspects -- South Africa -- Venda , Electric utilities -- South Africa -- Venda , Cost effectiveness , Electrification -- Cost effectiveness
- Description: This study concentrates specificaUy on assessing those elements of private and external costs and benefits which need to be accounted for in analyzing the role of electricity supply in a developing region. To facilitate this aim, three interrelated questions are addressed. The first question examines the reasons why a critical need for electrification in developing areas exists. In this regard, a selective review of the literature on development economics is offered, illuminating the previous neglect of the rural dimension in development and the associated problems of poverty and inequality, a lack of infrastructure and the general inability to fulfill basic needs. The second question is devoted exclusively to an economic analysis of the supply of electricity in developing areas. A broad theoretical review on whether an unregulated or regulated (private or public) sector should be responsible for the provision of electrification is presented. This evaluation highlights the various welfare implications and efficiency considerations that appear to be relevant in the present context. The final question, which constitutes the central proposition of the thesis, establishes how electrification should be supplied in developing areas. To this end, the conditions specific to a region in Venda are discussed. An attempt is made to identify the private and external costs and benefits relating to electricity supply and the corresponding costs and benefits pertaining to alternative sources of energy. Since the incidence and nature of these costs and benefits could only be ascertained from individual households, it was deemed necessary to undertake a questionnaire study of residents in Makwarela township and its periurban settlement of Lufule-Tshisele. A number of basic trends were evident from the research results. As far as the various benefits are concerned, respondents tended to place a much higher value on both the private and external benefits associated with electricity than its alternatives. At the same time, the survey found that although the private (or monetary) cost of electricity far exceeded the corresponding cost of alternative energy sources, the external costs were significant in the case of alternative energy sources, but virtually non-existent in the case of electricity. On the whole, the Venda survey seems to suggest that an economic case can be made for involving the broader community in subsidising the supply of electricity in Makwarela, Lufule-Tshisele and other areas. While such a subsidy can perhaps be justified on distribution grounds alone, and more specifically in terms of the rapid and pronounced effect it is likely to have on the quality of life in the region, its real worth lies in the fact that it may confer certain external benefits on the community.
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A critical analysis of problems encountered by senior secondary school pupils in the reading and interpretation of 1:50,000 topographical maps and aerial photographs with special reference to black pupils in Transkei
- Authors: Ndlwana, Monica
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Maps -- Study and teaching (Secondary) Geography -- South Africa -- Transkei -- Study and teaching (Secondary) Black people -- Education -- South Africa -- Transkei
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1470 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003351
- Description: Mapwork is an established part of the geography curriculum, and yet it poses particular problems for pupils and teachers. Maps participate in a complex system of graphic communication: the conceptual abstraction involved in the reading and interpretation of maps requires on the part of pupils a high degree of cognitive and perceptual development; teachers, too, often experience considerable difficulty in imparting the skills necessary for graphic literacy (graphicacy). The peculiar difficulties associated with map reading and the poor performance of pupils in this area have regrettably encouraged an attitude which dismisses mapwork as irrelevant or dispensable in geographical education. Yet graphicacy is essential not only in the learning of geography but in the overall cognitive development of the child, and therefore cannot be excluded from the curriculum. This study attempts to identify some of the specific difficulties experienced by pupils in their attempts to read and interpret maps, and to trace the origin of these difficulties. It argues that the complexity and sophistication of the skills necessary to interpret topographical maps and aerial photographs, for instance, should not be underestimated. Teachers need to be made aware of how pupils acquire map reading skills and of the problems they encounter during this process, so that teaching programmes commensurate with pupils' level of cognitive development can be formulated. It is also important that mapwork be taught in as practical a manner as possible. The findings and recommendations of this study have implications for geography teachers, textbook writers and educational authorities, especially those involved in curriculum and syllabus design.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Ndlwana, Monica
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Maps -- Study and teaching (Secondary) Geography -- South Africa -- Transkei -- Study and teaching (Secondary) Black people -- Education -- South Africa -- Transkei
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1470 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003351
- Description: Mapwork is an established part of the geography curriculum, and yet it poses particular problems for pupils and teachers. Maps participate in a complex system of graphic communication: the conceptual abstraction involved in the reading and interpretation of maps requires on the part of pupils a high degree of cognitive and perceptual development; teachers, too, often experience considerable difficulty in imparting the skills necessary for graphic literacy (graphicacy). The peculiar difficulties associated with map reading and the poor performance of pupils in this area have regrettably encouraged an attitude which dismisses mapwork as irrelevant or dispensable in geographical education. Yet graphicacy is essential not only in the learning of geography but in the overall cognitive development of the child, and therefore cannot be excluded from the curriculum. This study attempts to identify some of the specific difficulties experienced by pupils in their attempts to read and interpret maps, and to trace the origin of these difficulties. It argues that the complexity and sophistication of the skills necessary to interpret topographical maps and aerial photographs, for instance, should not be underestimated. Teachers need to be made aware of how pupils acquire map reading skills and of the problems they encounter during this process, so that teaching programmes commensurate with pupils' level of cognitive development can be formulated. It is also important that mapwork be taught in as practical a manner as possible. The findings and recommendations of this study have implications for geography teachers, textbook writers and educational authorities, especially those involved in curriculum and syllabus design.
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A critical analysis of school computer studies syllabuses in South Africa with reference to university computer science curricula
- Authors: Roets, Rina Annette
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Electronic data processing -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa Electronic data processing -- Study and teaching (Higher) -- South Africa Electronic data processing -- Curricula -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1471 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003352
- Description: This thesis analyses the existing and proposed Computer Studies syllabuses in South African schools. Thereafter it compares the South African syllabuses with syllabuses in the United Kingdom. An attempt is made to assess the objectives of the design of the new S.A. syllabus. University Computer Science syllabuses are examined in order to gauge the purported overlap between what is taught at schools and universities. Opinions are obtained on the problems which apparently exist in offering or teaching the subject at schools and universities by conducting surveys on syllabus designers and university Computer Science departments. Finally recommendations are made for future Computer Studies syllabuses.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Roets, Rina Annette
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Electronic data processing -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa Electronic data processing -- Study and teaching (Higher) -- South Africa Electronic data processing -- Curricula -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1471 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003352
- Description: This thesis analyses the existing and proposed Computer Studies syllabuses in South African schools. Thereafter it compares the South African syllabuses with syllabuses in the United Kingdom. An attempt is made to assess the objectives of the design of the new S.A. syllabus. University Computer Science syllabuses are examined in order to gauge the purported overlap between what is taught at schools and universities. Opinions are obtained on the problems which apparently exist in offering or teaching the subject at schools and universities by conducting surveys on syllabus designers and university Computer Science departments. Finally recommendations are made for future Computer Studies syllabuses.
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A critical analysis of the marketing of mohair in South Africa with special reference to the period 1963 to 1989
- Norton, Eustace Herbert Fraser
- Authors: Norton, Eustace Herbert Fraser
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Mohair -- South Africa -- Marketing , Mohair industry -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:1020 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002755 , Mohair -- South Africa -- Marketing , Mohair industry -- South Africa
- Description: The objective of the research was to determine the extent to which marketing in general, and the Mohair Scheme in particular, played a part in the re-emergence of South Africa as the world's leading mohair producer. The two major components of the Scheme, the 'voorskot', or initial payment, and reserve prices were analysed separately. In an adaptive expectations, distributed lag model of supply adjustment, only the weighted rainfall and the average real net price of mohair during the previous season, were found to be important determinants of mohair production. The significant negative correlation between the average real net 'voorskot' price and mohair production was contrary to expectations, and probably due to the 'voorskot' always having been set well below the market price. The 'voorskot' may nevertheless have played an important part in making the Scheme as a whole acceptable to producers. As no record is kept of the reserve price, its influence was tested indirectly in two stages. In the first, its influence on price stability was determined by a comparison of ranges, standard deviations and variances, and by several multiple linear demand regressions. Three of the four models showed clearly that price stability was increased by the Mohair Scheme. In the second stage, formulae and diagrammatic analyses were used to assess the welfare gains and losses resulting from the Mohair Scheme. There was a welfare gain to local producers and most of the welfare costs of the Scheme were borne by foreign consumers. With this gain to producers and the more stable price, it was concluded that the reserve price had stimulated mohair production. It was therefore established that the Mohair Scheme had played a major part in the re-emergence of South Africa as the world' s leading mohair producer. Nevertheless, in view of the massive stockpiling in recent seasons, because the reserve price was set too high, the result was a substantial loss to the Scheme; it was therefore recommended that the Mohair Scheme be discontinued or, at least, that the reserve price should be set at a much lower long-run, market clearing level.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Norton, Eustace Herbert Fraser
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Mohair -- South Africa -- Marketing , Mohair industry -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:1020 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002755 , Mohair -- South Africa -- Marketing , Mohair industry -- South Africa
- Description: The objective of the research was to determine the extent to which marketing in general, and the Mohair Scheme in particular, played a part in the re-emergence of South Africa as the world's leading mohair producer. The two major components of the Scheme, the 'voorskot', or initial payment, and reserve prices were analysed separately. In an adaptive expectations, distributed lag model of supply adjustment, only the weighted rainfall and the average real net price of mohair during the previous season, were found to be important determinants of mohair production. The significant negative correlation between the average real net 'voorskot' price and mohair production was contrary to expectations, and probably due to the 'voorskot' always having been set well below the market price. The 'voorskot' may nevertheless have played an important part in making the Scheme as a whole acceptable to producers. As no record is kept of the reserve price, its influence was tested indirectly in two stages. In the first, its influence on price stability was determined by a comparison of ranges, standard deviations and variances, and by several multiple linear demand regressions. Three of the four models showed clearly that price stability was increased by the Mohair Scheme. In the second stage, formulae and diagrammatic analyses were used to assess the welfare gains and losses resulting from the Mohair Scheme. There was a welfare gain to local producers and most of the welfare costs of the Scheme were borne by foreign consumers. With this gain to producers and the more stable price, it was concluded that the reserve price had stimulated mohair production. It was therefore established that the Mohair Scheme had played a major part in the re-emergence of South Africa as the world' s leading mohair producer. Nevertheless, in view of the massive stockpiling in recent seasons, because the reserve price was set too high, the result was a substantial loss to the Scheme; it was therefore recommended that the Mohair Scheme be discontinued or, at least, that the reserve price should be set at a much lower long-run, market clearing level.
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A geographical study of agricultural change since the 1930s in Shixini Location, Gatyana district, Transkei
- Authors: Andrew, Maura
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Agriculture -- South Africa -- Transkei Land tenure -- South Africa -- Transkei Transkei (South Africa) -- Rural conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:4834 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005509
- Description: This study examines the dynamics of agricultural change amongst traditional African smallholder farmers in Shixini location, Gatyana District, Transkei. This entailed an examination of the historical, regional and local causes of agricultural change and the response of the local community. What became evident was that there had been a gradual decline in agricultural output after the 1930s due to a combination of socio-economic and environmental constraints. Pressure on limited resources and land degradation, a consequence of socio-economic pressures on the African peasantry and agricultural expansion, reduced carrying capacities and soil fertility within the African reserves. Racially discriminatory policies also reduced African access to agricultural markets and forced peasants into migrant labour. The initial response to this agricultural decline was to maintain cultivation and pastoral practices, despite declining output, and rely more heavily on migrant labour. However, massive population ~owth from the mid 1950s onwards stimulated a rapid change in cultivation practices. Rural households found it increasingly difficult to gain access to arable land in river valleys and growing poverty undermined their ability to cultivate fields. In response to these conditions the rural population abandoned their fields and expanded garden cultivation. Garden cultivation was a more intensive method of cultivation which made more efficient use of household resources, maintained long-term yields and had a less detrimental impact on the soil. This study attempts to make a contribution to southern African historiography and historical geography. Since the rise of radical human geography in the 1970s there has been a growing number of political economy studies focusing on capitalist expansion, racially discriminatory state policies and associated class conflicts in South Africa. However, most of these studies have focused on urban communities. The political economy of African rural areas has been sorely neglected by human geographers despite the enormous growth of such studies amongst historians and other social scientists. This study of agricultural change in Shixini location, Transkei adds to the small collection of geographical research on the political economy of African rural areas. It also adds to the large body of historical research by focusing on the recent past, a much less well documented period. The most important component of the study was an examination of the response of the rural community to socio-economic and environmental changes. This brought the often neglected role of human agency within the world political economy into the study. Environmental factors, often neglected by'historians and human geographers, were also brought into the analysis. The examination of such a broad range of factors was facilitated through the use of a wide variety of source material including historical, anthropological and socio-economic literature, official statistics, archival records, aerial photographs and a sample survey
- Full Text:
- Authors: Andrew, Maura
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Agriculture -- South Africa -- Transkei Land tenure -- South Africa -- Transkei Transkei (South Africa) -- Rural conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:4834 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005509
- Description: This study examines the dynamics of agricultural change amongst traditional African smallholder farmers in Shixini location, Gatyana District, Transkei. This entailed an examination of the historical, regional and local causes of agricultural change and the response of the local community. What became evident was that there had been a gradual decline in agricultural output after the 1930s due to a combination of socio-economic and environmental constraints. Pressure on limited resources and land degradation, a consequence of socio-economic pressures on the African peasantry and agricultural expansion, reduced carrying capacities and soil fertility within the African reserves. Racially discriminatory policies also reduced African access to agricultural markets and forced peasants into migrant labour. The initial response to this agricultural decline was to maintain cultivation and pastoral practices, despite declining output, and rely more heavily on migrant labour. However, massive population ~owth from the mid 1950s onwards stimulated a rapid change in cultivation practices. Rural households found it increasingly difficult to gain access to arable land in river valleys and growing poverty undermined their ability to cultivate fields. In response to these conditions the rural population abandoned their fields and expanded garden cultivation. Garden cultivation was a more intensive method of cultivation which made more efficient use of household resources, maintained long-term yields and had a less detrimental impact on the soil. This study attempts to make a contribution to southern African historiography and historical geography. Since the rise of radical human geography in the 1970s there has been a growing number of political economy studies focusing on capitalist expansion, racially discriminatory state policies and associated class conflicts in South Africa. However, most of these studies have focused on urban communities. The political economy of African rural areas has been sorely neglected by human geographers despite the enormous growth of such studies amongst historians and other social scientists. This study of agricultural change in Shixini location, Transkei adds to the small collection of geographical research on the political economy of African rural areas. It also adds to the large body of historical research by focusing on the recent past, a much less well documented period. The most important component of the study was an examination of the response of the rural community to socio-economic and environmental changes. This brought the often neglected role of human agency within the world political economy into the study. Environmental factors, often neglected by'historians and human geographers, were also brought into the analysis. The examination of such a broad range of factors was facilitated through the use of a wide variety of source material including historical, anthropological and socio-economic literature, official statistics, archival records, aerial photographs and a sample survey
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A microstructural kinematic study of selected shear zones in the Hartbees River Thrust Belt, northeastern Namaqua Tectonic Province
- Authors: Jackson, Christopher
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Metamorphic rocks -- South Africa -- Northern Cape , Mylonite -- South Africa -- Northern Cape , Geology -- South Africa -- Northern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4976 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005588 , Metamorphic rocks -- South Africa -- Northern Cape , Mylonite -- South Africa -- Northern Cape , Geology -- South Africa -- Northern Cape
- Description: The Hartbees River Thrust Belt (HRTS) is a 40-60 km wide, southwest-vergent zone of complex structure, lithostratigraphy and high-grade metamorphism in the northeastern part of the mid-Proterozoic Namaqua Tectonic Province. The HRTS comprises the boundary zone separating the Bushmanland and Gordonia Subprovinces of the Namaqua Province. A knowledge of the movement histories of major ductile shear zones within the HRTS is fundamental to understanding the tectonic development of the belt, and Namaqua tectogenesis as a whole. In spite of this, no detailed microstructural kinematic studies have been attempted and the movement histories and age relationships of these shear zones have not been described in detail. This thesis represents a detailed microstructural kinematic study of a representative suite of orientated samples of mylonitic rocks, collected from five ductile shear zones within the HRTS. These shear zones include the Neusspruit Lineament, the Kakamas shear zone (KSZ), the Hugosput shear system (HSS), the Rozynenbosch-Ganzenmond shear zone (RGSZ) and the Graafwater shear system (GSS). Accepted modern methods of microstructural kinematic analysis were applied to samples of mylonite from these shear zones, in order to determine the precise orientation of the kinematic vectors, and the sense and relative ages of movements on each of the shear zones. Shear sense criteria, including composite SoC planar fabrics and shear band foliations, asymmetrical porphyroclast systems, mica-fish, oblique grain-shape and subgrain fabrics, asymmetrical microfolds, and the displacement of fractured rigid grains, together with a well-developed mylonite elongation lineation, conclusively indicate that SSW-directed thrusting occurred along the HSS, RGSZ, GSS and possibly along the Neusspruit Lineament, while normal, top-to-NE movements occurred on the Neusspruit Lineament, KSZ and HSS. Rare transposition criteria, and textural and paragenetic contrasts between syn-kinematic fabrics, strongly suggest that the phase of normal, top-to-NE movement seen in the northeastern HRTS shear zones is younger than the more widespread top-to-SW thrusting event. On the basis of mesoscopic structural criteria, SSW-directed thrusting is correlated with the D₂ deformation event in the HRTS. The mylonite zones have been refolded by ENE-SSW trending F₃ crossfolds, whose demonstrated coaxial relationship to the mylonite elongation lineation precluded reorientation of primary kinematic vectors. In the southwestern HRTS, primary thrust vectors have been reoriented by right-lateral, strike-slip shearing adjacent to the Pofadder Lineament during D₄. Simple shear dispersion of mylonite lineations related to normal movement, suggests that they too have been modified by D₄ shearing, and this constrains the timing of extensional movements to post-D₂ and pre- or syn-D₄. Syn-kinematic mineral assemblages, rheological criteria and the annealing states of the mylonites, provide insight into the thermotectonic evolution of the shear zones. A model is proposed in which the movement histories of shear zones within the HRTS are explained in terms of a typical orogenic cycle, involving crustal thickening by thrusting during a compressional orogenic phase, followed by collapse of the thickened crust during an extensional taphrogenic phase.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Jackson, Christopher
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Metamorphic rocks -- South Africa -- Northern Cape , Mylonite -- South Africa -- Northern Cape , Geology -- South Africa -- Northern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4976 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005588 , Metamorphic rocks -- South Africa -- Northern Cape , Mylonite -- South Africa -- Northern Cape , Geology -- South Africa -- Northern Cape
- Description: The Hartbees River Thrust Belt (HRTS) is a 40-60 km wide, southwest-vergent zone of complex structure, lithostratigraphy and high-grade metamorphism in the northeastern part of the mid-Proterozoic Namaqua Tectonic Province. The HRTS comprises the boundary zone separating the Bushmanland and Gordonia Subprovinces of the Namaqua Province. A knowledge of the movement histories of major ductile shear zones within the HRTS is fundamental to understanding the tectonic development of the belt, and Namaqua tectogenesis as a whole. In spite of this, no detailed microstructural kinematic studies have been attempted and the movement histories and age relationships of these shear zones have not been described in detail. This thesis represents a detailed microstructural kinematic study of a representative suite of orientated samples of mylonitic rocks, collected from five ductile shear zones within the HRTS. These shear zones include the Neusspruit Lineament, the Kakamas shear zone (KSZ), the Hugosput shear system (HSS), the Rozynenbosch-Ganzenmond shear zone (RGSZ) and the Graafwater shear system (GSS). Accepted modern methods of microstructural kinematic analysis were applied to samples of mylonite from these shear zones, in order to determine the precise orientation of the kinematic vectors, and the sense and relative ages of movements on each of the shear zones. Shear sense criteria, including composite SoC planar fabrics and shear band foliations, asymmetrical porphyroclast systems, mica-fish, oblique grain-shape and subgrain fabrics, asymmetrical microfolds, and the displacement of fractured rigid grains, together with a well-developed mylonite elongation lineation, conclusively indicate that SSW-directed thrusting occurred along the HSS, RGSZ, GSS and possibly along the Neusspruit Lineament, while normal, top-to-NE movements occurred on the Neusspruit Lineament, KSZ and HSS. Rare transposition criteria, and textural and paragenetic contrasts between syn-kinematic fabrics, strongly suggest that the phase of normal, top-to-NE movement seen in the northeastern HRTS shear zones is younger than the more widespread top-to-SW thrusting event. On the basis of mesoscopic structural criteria, SSW-directed thrusting is correlated with the D₂ deformation event in the HRTS. The mylonite zones have been refolded by ENE-SSW trending F₃ crossfolds, whose demonstrated coaxial relationship to the mylonite elongation lineation precluded reorientation of primary kinematic vectors. In the southwestern HRTS, primary thrust vectors have been reoriented by right-lateral, strike-slip shearing adjacent to the Pofadder Lineament during D₄. Simple shear dispersion of mylonite lineations related to normal movement, suggests that they too have been modified by D₄ shearing, and this constrains the timing of extensional movements to post-D₂ and pre- or syn-D₄. Syn-kinematic mineral assemblages, rheological criteria and the annealing states of the mylonites, provide insight into the thermotectonic evolution of the shear zones. A model is proposed in which the movement histories of shear zones within the HRTS are explained in terms of a typical orogenic cycle, involving crustal thickening by thrusting during a compressional orogenic phase, followed by collapse of the thickened crust during an extensional taphrogenic phase.
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A polarimetric method for collagenase activity measurement
- Brüning, Adrian Rudolf Nicolaus Ernst
- Authors: Brüning, Adrian Rudolf Nicolaus Ernst
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Collagenases -- Research , Hides and skins -- Preservation -- Research
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4052 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004113 , Collagenases -- Research , Hides and skins -- Preservation -- Research
- Description: A polarimetric method for monitoring the rate of soluble collagen breakdown by collagenase enzyme action has been developed. The method represents an extension of previous physicochemical techniques based on viscometry, but is simpler and easier to carry out, particularly in the case of reaction rate studies. The method was developed arising from reports of collagenase activity measurement on inappropriate substrates such as gelatin, modified collagens and synthetic polypeptides. The optical method depends on measurement of the loss in optical rotation in solutions of soluble calfskin collagen resulting from initial enzymic cleavage of the collagen trip1e-helix, followed by spontaneous unwinding of the resultant unstable helical fragments. Specific assay conditions were chosen to ensure that the loss in optical rotation following enzymic cleavage was rapid and complete. The method is specific since in the absence of collagenase, non-specific proteinases produce only a limited decrease in solution optical activity. The method has also been compared with established physicochemical assay techniques and compares favourably with both viscometric and titrimetric collagenase assays. The availability of a rapid, sensitive and quantitative procedure for measurement of collagenase activity provides a convenient means for detecting the presence of collagenase in solution and examination of hide bacterial cultures for collagenase production. In addition, a study of biocidal compounds of potential interest in hide preservation for possible inhibitory effects on collagenase is conveniently carried out with the method. Fundamental research into synergistic action in enzymic hydrolysis of collagen is now possible, providing valuable insight into the mechanism of raw hide biodeterioration.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Brüning, Adrian Rudolf Nicolaus Ernst
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Collagenases -- Research , Hides and skins -- Preservation -- Research
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4052 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004113 , Collagenases -- Research , Hides and skins -- Preservation -- Research
- Description: A polarimetric method for monitoring the rate of soluble collagen breakdown by collagenase enzyme action has been developed. The method represents an extension of previous physicochemical techniques based on viscometry, but is simpler and easier to carry out, particularly in the case of reaction rate studies. The method was developed arising from reports of collagenase activity measurement on inappropriate substrates such as gelatin, modified collagens and synthetic polypeptides. The optical method depends on measurement of the loss in optical rotation in solutions of soluble calfskin collagen resulting from initial enzymic cleavage of the collagen trip1e-helix, followed by spontaneous unwinding of the resultant unstable helical fragments. Specific assay conditions were chosen to ensure that the loss in optical rotation following enzymic cleavage was rapid and complete. The method is specific since in the absence of collagenase, non-specific proteinases produce only a limited decrease in solution optical activity. The method has also been compared with established physicochemical assay techniques and compares favourably with both viscometric and titrimetric collagenase assays. The availability of a rapid, sensitive and quantitative procedure for measurement of collagenase activity provides a convenient means for detecting the presence of collagenase in solution and examination of hide bacterial cultures for collagenase production. In addition, a study of biocidal compounds of potential interest in hide preservation for possible inhibitory effects on collagenase is conveniently carried out with the method. Fundamental research into synergistic action in enzymic hydrolysis of collagen is now possible, providing valuable insight into the mechanism of raw hide biodeterioration.
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A rhetorical analysis of 1 Timothy 2:9-15 with a special focus on the role of women in the church
- Authors: Williams, Allan Alexander
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Bible -- Criticism, interpretation, etc. , Women in the Bible , Women in Christianity -- History -- Early church, ca. 30-600 , Women in Christianity , Sexism in religion
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTh
- Identifier: vital:1299 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015721
- Description: This thesis investigates the role of women in the early church as portrayed in 1 Timothy 2:9-15 using the recently-developed method of Rhetorical Analysis. It makes use of a rhetorical approach largely based on the method proposed by Kennedy, supplemented by insights from scholars who have emphasised the argumentative element in rhetoric. This method illustrates how the role of women in the church is decisively determined by the argument in the letter as a whole. A brief survey of classical rhetoric is given. The typical structure of a rhetorical discourse is listed with its component sections. The validity of using rhetorical analysis as a means for interpreting New Testament texts is justified. Textual units are identified from the structure of the text. Rhetorical insights are used to explain how the identified units cohere within the overall structure of the letter and how they relate to one another and interact. The thesis is developed that the section on women and teaching can only be meaningfully investigated in the light of the text as a whole and of the motifs in the letter. The thesis has a special focus on 2:9-15. This section is analysed in more detail than the rest of the text with the exception of 1 Timothy 1. As exordium, the latter provides the introduction to the situation dealt with in the letter, introduces the case, and sets the tone for the rest of the letter. The persuasive power of rhetoric in any situation depends to a large extent on its use of common tradition. The socio-cultural setting of the author is consequently analysed. Finally, the role of women in Graeco-Roman society is analysed in terms of motifs found in 1 Timothy 2:9-15.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Williams, Allan Alexander
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Bible -- Criticism, interpretation, etc. , Women in the Bible , Women in Christianity -- History -- Early church, ca. 30-600 , Women in Christianity , Sexism in religion
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTh
- Identifier: vital:1299 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015721
- Description: This thesis investigates the role of women in the early church as portrayed in 1 Timothy 2:9-15 using the recently-developed method of Rhetorical Analysis. It makes use of a rhetorical approach largely based on the method proposed by Kennedy, supplemented by insights from scholars who have emphasised the argumentative element in rhetoric. This method illustrates how the role of women in the church is decisively determined by the argument in the letter as a whole. A brief survey of classical rhetoric is given. The typical structure of a rhetorical discourse is listed with its component sections. The validity of using rhetorical analysis as a means for interpreting New Testament texts is justified. Textual units are identified from the structure of the text. Rhetorical insights are used to explain how the identified units cohere within the overall structure of the letter and how they relate to one another and interact. The thesis is developed that the section on women and teaching can only be meaningfully investigated in the light of the text as a whole and of the motifs in the letter. The thesis has a special focus on 2:9-15. This section is analysed in more detail than the rest of the text with the exception of 1 Timothy 1. As exordium, the latter provides the introduction to the situation dealt with in the letter, introduces the case, and sets the tone for the rest of the letter. The persuasive power of rhetoric in any situation depends to a large extent on its use of common tradition. The socio-cultural setting of the author is consequently analysed. Finally, the role of women in Graeco-Roman society is analysed in terms of motifs found in 1 Timothy 2:9-15.
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A strategy for promoting computer literacy in staff and students of a teacher training institution : a case study
- Authors: Keep, Joan Diane
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Computer literacy Computer-assisted instruction Teachers -- Training of -- Data processing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1773 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003658
- Description: A case study carried out at Edgewood College of Education (Natal) attempted to demonstrate how in-house training could provide staff with the necessary computer literacy skills to integrate computer technology into lecturing and teaching programmes. The duration of the project was six months and during this time a group of thirty academic staff members were exposed to computer technology via practical experience, lectures and demonstrations. The results gleaned from the project show that most of the staff involved in the project developed sufficient computer skills to be of benefit in their professional and personal tasks. In addition the recognition of the value of word processing and desk top publishing led to the staff encouraging students to use these software packages in the preparation of coursework. Consequently the use of the computer resources increased noticeably in the six month period. One of the goals of the study was to show how staff, once computer literate, would make use of generic software to integrate computer technology into their lecturing programmes. This did not happen and the reasons for this failure are discussed.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Keep, Joan Diane
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Computer literacy Computer-assisted instruction Teachers -- Training of -- Data processing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1773 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003658
- Description: A case study carried out at Edgewood College of Education (Natal) attempted to demonstrate how in-house training could provide staff with the necessary computer literacy skills to integrate computer technology into lecturing and teaching programmes. The duration of the project was six months and during this time a group of thirty academic staff members were exposed to computer technology via practical experience, lectures and demonstrations. The results gleaned from the project show that most of the staff involved in the project developed sufficient computer skills to be of benefit in their professional and personal tasks. In addition the recognition of the value of word processing and desk top publishing led to the staff encouraging students to use these software packages in the preparation of coursework. Consequently the use of the computer resources increased noticeably in the six month period. One of the goals of the study was to show how staff, once computer literate, would make use of generic software to integrate computer technology into their lecturing programmes. This did not happen and the reasons for this failure are discussed.
- Full Text:
A study of Ngugi wa Thiong'o's later novels to assess his adaptation of dramatic techniques and Gikuyu oral traditions to the requirements of fiction
- Authors: Erapu, Laban Omella
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Ngũgĩ wa Thiongʼo, 1938- Folk literature, Kikuyu Oral tradition -- Kenya
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2235 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002278
- Description: This thesis examines Ngugi wa Thiong'o's later writings in order to establish the nature of his quest for a people's literature. It illustrates how the author attempts to break the barriers between traditional oral forms and the relatively new written forms in addressing a basically "illiterate" audience. The research begins with an exploration of Gikuyu oral literature as an essential background to Ngugi's later dramatic and fictional writings as distinct from his earlier literary works in which he initiates the dominant quest for a more just society. Ngugi's return to these roots constitutes the central "homecoming" that characterizes his search for new forms. The analysis is conducted through three significant chronological stages representing Ngugi's writings over a period of about a decade from the mid-1970s to the early 1980s. Each stage starts with a play and performance followed by a parallel novel, the first pair written in English and the subsequent ones in Gikuyu. The three stages - designated Transition, Homecoming and Realization - mark Ngugi's involvement in the promotion of Gikuyu culture and orature, both as a source of inspiration and as a cause to which he fully dedicates himself. The transitional stage depicts the convergence between conventional and traditional oral literary forms with which Ngugi begins to experiment. The second stage introduces significant departures as Ngugi begins to use the Gikuyu language as his primary medium of creative expression. The final stage demonstrates his ultimate assertion of the primacy of orality over the written word as a dynamic agent of transmission. The thesis concludes that Ngugi wa Thiong'o in these later works - while leaving the possibilities of his vision of a "New Earth" unfulfilled pioneers the African writers' climb down from an "ivory tower" to deal with the realities of the experience of the predominantly non-reading African masses, acknowledged as both recipients of and active participants in the relatively new written literature which purports to speak for their experiences and their times.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Erapu, Laban Omella
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Ngũgĩ wa Thiongʼo, 1938- Folk literature, Kikuyu Oral tradition -- Kenya
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2235 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002278
- Description: This thesis examines Ngugi wa Thiong'o's later writings in order to establish the nature of his quest for a people's literature. It illustrates how the author attempts to break the barriers between traditional oral forms and the relatively new written forms in addressing a basically "illiterate" audience. The research begins with an exploration of Gikuyu oral literature as an essential background to Ngugi's later dramatic and fictional writings as distinct from his earlier literary works in which he initiates the dominant quest for a more just society. Ngugi's return to these roots constitutes the central "homecoming" that characterizes his search for new forms. The analysis is conducted through three significant chronological stages representing Ngugi's writings over a period of about a decade from the mid-1970s to the early 1980s. Each stage starts with a play and performance followed by a parallel novel, the first pair written in English and the subsequent ones in Gikuyu. The three stages - designated Transition, Homecoming and Realization - mark Ngugi's involvement in the promotion of Gikuyu culture and orature, both as a source of inspiration and as a cause to which he fully dedicates himself. The transitional stage depicts the convergence between conventional and traditional oral literary forms with which Ngugi begins to experiment. The second stage introduces significant departures as Ngugi begins to use the Gikuyu language as his primary medium of creative expression. The final stage demonstrates his ultimate assertion of the primacy of orality over the written word as a dynamic agent of transmission. The thesis concludes that Ngugi wa Thiong'o in these later works - while leaving the possibilities of his vision of a "New Earth" unfulfilled pioneers the African writers' climb down from an "ivory tower" to deal with the realities of the experience of the predominantly non-reading African masses, acknowledged as both recipients of and active participants in the relatively new written literature which purports to speak for their experiences and their times.
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A study of Oliver Messiaen's song-cycles Poèms pour mi, Chants de terre et de ciel, and Harawi
- Authors: Donkin, Deborah Jean
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Messiaen, Olivier, 1908-1992 Song cycles--Interpretation (Phrasing, dynamics, etc.)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MMus
- Identifier: vital:2635 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002300
- Description: This thesis ventures into the relatively neglected world of twentieth century vocal music, via the three song cycles of Oliver Messiaen. The song cycle is a comparatively young genre, generally dated from Beethoven's An die ferne Geliebte or by some, even later to Schubert's Die schone Miillerin. Nevertheless, considerable changes have taken place in the 160 years which separate Messiaen's cycles from those of the 'pioneers' mentioned above. A fuller appreciation of twentieth century cycles is facilitated by observing this evolutionary process and placing the works within an historical and cultural perspective. Such an introduction is provided in part one of this thesis, along with relevant details on the life and interests of Messiaen. The latter information gives insight into the compositions themselves and may satisfy the reader's curiosity on the origin of some of the more unexpected techniques or ideas Messiaen llses. Before embarking on a study of the cycles, it is necessary to look at the highly individual musical language of the composer. Section two undertakes this task in some depth, wherever possible relating the explanations directly to the songs which follow. In order to clarify the text and to simplify the exercise for the reader, numerous musical examples have been used. This contributes to the apparent bulk of this section. The main emphasis of the thesis is the detailed study of the 20 songs contained in Poemes pour Mi, Chants de Terre et de Cief and Harawi. The third section of the thesis deals with this material thoroughly and systematically, dividing it up into musical and extra-musical aspects. The texts are considered in terms of Surrealist, religious, Nature, numerological and, in the case of Harawi, mythological and Peruvian folk symbolism. The relationship of text to music is studied and evelopments highlighted. Musically, the study is further sub-divided into piano part and vocal part. In each case, an extensive exploration of the techniques required of the performer is presented. This makes possible the subsequent categorisation of the songs on the basis of similarities in the musical means. Conclusions reached show a progressive development through the three song cycles in the composer's handling of the text, his treatment of the voice, his use of the piano and his expansion of the voice-piano relationship. This body of solo vocal literature emerges as typical of Oliver Messiaen's compositional style in general and therefore properly representative of the meticulous craftsmanship with which his works are constructed. The detailed analysis of all aspects of the songs contributes original material to scholarship on Messiaen and on song cycles in the twentieth century.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Donkin, Deborah Jean
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Messiaen, Olivier, 1908-1992 Song cycles--Interpretation (Phrasing, dynamics, etc.)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MMus
- Identifier: vital:2635 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002300
- Description: This thesis ventures into the relatively neglected world of twentieth century vocal music, via the three song cycles of Oliver Messiaen. The song cycle is a comparatively young genre, generally dated from Beethoven's An die ferne Geliebte or by some, even later to Schubert's Die schone Miillerin. Nevertheless, considerable changes have taken place in the 160 years which separate Messiaen's cycles from those of the 'pioneers' mentioned above. A fuller appreciation of twentieth century cycles is facilitated by observing this evolutionary process and placing the works within an historical and cultural perspective. Such an introduction is provided in part one of this thesis, along with relevant details on the life and interests of Messiaen. The latter information gives insight into the compositions themselves and may satisfy the reader's curiosity on the origin of some of the more unexpected techniques or ideas Messiaen llses. Before embarking on a study of the cycles, it is necessary to look at the highly individual musical language of the composer. Section two undertakes this task in some depth, wherever possible relating the explanations directly to the songs which follow. In order to clarify the text and to simplify the exercise for the reader, numerous musical examples have been used. This contributes to the apparent bulk of this section. The main emphasis of the thesis is the detailed study of the 20 songs contained in Poemes pour Mi, Chants de Terre et de Cief and Harawi. The third section of the thesis deals with this material thoroughly and systematically, dividing it up into musical and extra-musical aspects. The texts are considered in terms of Surrealist, religious, Nature, numerological and, in the case of Harawi, mythological and Peruvian folk symbolism. The relationship of text to music is studied and evelopments highlighted. Musically, the study is further sub-divided into piano part and vocal part. In each case, an extensive exploration of the techniques required of the performer is presented. This makes possible the subsequent categorisation of the songs on the basis of similarities in the musical means. Conclusions reached show a progressive development through the three song cycles in the composer's handling of the text, his treatment of the voice, his use of the piano and his expansion of the voice-piano relationship. This body of solo vocal literature emerges as typical of Oliver Messiaen's compositional style in general and therefore properly representative of the meticulous craftsmanship with which his works are constructed. The detailed analysis of all aspects of the songs contributes original material to scholarship on Messiaen and on song cycles in the twentieth century.
- Full Text:
A study of the alkaloid content of the Senecio speciosus/Macrocephalus complex
- Authors: Grue, Margaret Ruth
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Alkaloids -- Research , Pyrrolizidines -- Research , Botanical chemistry
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4362 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005027 , Alkaloids -- Research , Pyrrolizidines -- Research , Botanical chemistry
- Description: The isolation and identification of pyrrolizidine alkaloids from various plant species from 1988 to May 1991 are reviewed and the alkaloids of two indigenous plant species, Senecio speciosus Willd and Senecio macrocephalus DC, were investigated. A brief review of the methods used for isolation and identification of pyrrolizidines is also given. S. speciosus was found to contain two new alkaloids, 7-senecioyl-9-sarracinylheliotridine and 7-isosarracinyl-9- sarracinyl-heliotridine, which were identified using highfield NMR techniques. A number of other alkaloids were tentatively identified using GC-MS. S. macrocephalus contains very little alkaloid, but a number of pyrrolizidine alkaloids were tentatively identified using GC-MS. Standard alkaloids for GC-MS work were obtained both by extraction from a number of plant species and by synthesis of simple monoester alkaloids. In this process the alkaloid neosarracine, previously described by GC-MS, was isolated and NMR data for this compound are reported for the first time. S. speciosus and S. macrocephalus are morphologically very similar and their counterparts in the Grahamstown district exhibit features characteristic of both species. This could be due to hybridization, genetic mutation or simple variation within the species. The alkaloids of four local plant populations were examined in order to collect taxonomic markers whereby it was hoped that the Grahamstown plants could be satisfactorily classified. Three of the plant populations were found to contain 7-senecioyl-9-sarracinylheliotridine and 7-angelyl-9-sarracinyl-heliotridine. One population was found to contain the known alkaloid retrorsine along with the new alkaloid 2-hydroxy-l, 2-dihydrosenkirkine. The alkaloidal fractions of all four populations were compared using GC-MS and NMR techniques. Tentative taxonomic conclusions were drawn.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Grue, Margaret Ruth
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Alkaloids -- Research , Pyrrolizidines -- Research , Botanical chemistry
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4362 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005027 , Alkaloids -- Research , Pyrrolizidines -- Research , Botanical chemistry
- Description: The isolation and identification of pyrrolizidine alkaloids from various plant species from 1988 to May 1991 are reviewed and the alkaloids of two indigenous plant species, Senecio speciosus Willd and Senecio macrocephalus DC, were investigated. A brief review of the methods used for isolation and identification of pyrrolizidines is also given. S. speciosus was found to contain two new alkaloids, 7-senecioyl-9-sarracinylheliotridine and 7-isosarracinyl-9- sarracinyl-heliotridine, which were identified using highfield NMR techniques. A number of other alkaloids were tentatively identified using GC-MS. S. macrocephalus contains very little alkaloid, but a number of pyrrolizidine alkaloids were tentatively identified using GC-MS. Standard alkaloids for GC-MS work were obtained both by extraction from a number of plant species and by synthesis of simple monoester alkaloids. In this process the alkaloid neosarracine, previously described by GC-MS, was isolated and NMR data for this compound are reported for the first time. S. speciosus and S. macrocephalus are morphologically very similar and their counterparts in the Grahamstown district exhibit features characteristic of both species. This could be due to hybridization, genetic mutation or simple variation within the species. The alkaloids of four local plant populations were examined in order to collect taxonomic markers whereby it was hoped that the Grahamstown plants could be satisfactorily classified. Three of the plant populations were found to contain 7-senecioyl-9-sarracinylheliotridine and 7-angelyl-9-sarracinyl-heliotridine. One population was found to contain the known alkaloid retrorsine along with the new alkaloid 2-hydroxy-l, 2-dihydrosenkirkine. The alkaloidal fractions of all four populations were compared using GC-MS and NMR techniques. Tentative taxonomic conclusions were drawn.
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A study of the biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics of the macrolide antibiotic, erythromycin
- Authors: Terespolsky, Susan Ann
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Erythromycin -- Bioavailability , Erythromycin -- Pharmacokinetics
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3795 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003273 , Erythromycin -- Bioavailability , Erythromycin -- Pharmacokinetics
- Description: Erythromycin, a macrolide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces erythreus, was first introduced into clinical medicine in 1952. It is active against most gram-positive bacteria, some gram-negative bacteria and is currently the agent of choice for Legionella pneumophila. Erythromycin is an acid-labile compound rapidly degrading in acidic solutions such as the acid environment of the stomach. As such, erythromycin absorption following oral administration of solid dosage forms is relatively poor. Accordingly there have been various approaches used to protect the drug against gastric inactivation. These precautions include enteric-coating of tablets, capsules or pellets of erythromycin base, the synthesis of acid stable 2' esters of erythromycin (ethylsuccinate and propionate) and salts of these esters (erythromycin estolate), and more recently, the synthesis of a range of new acid-stable, semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotics. The 2' esters are antimicrobially inactive or much less active than the parent compound and must be converted to the free erythromycin base in vivo in order to exhibit antibacterial activity. Intrinsic dissolution rates determined on raw material can provide extremely useful information relating to the gastrointestinal absorption of drugs from solid dosage forms. The large inter- and intrasubject variability associated with erythromycin base has, to date, mainly been attributed to gastric acid inactivation of the drug. However, changes in duodenal pH resulting in altered solubility and intrinsic dissolution rates may account for the observed variability. Thus, the intrinsic dissolution rates of erythromycin base at pH 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5 and 8.0 were compared in order to investigate the possible effects of pH changes which may occur in the duodenal contents, on the in vivo dissolution and subsequent absorption of this compound. The standard intrinsic dissolution rate test procedure employing a rotating disc of pure erythromycin base powder which only allows for dissolution from a constant surface area, was adapted and the drug quantitatively determined by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using ultraviolet detection. Results of intrinsic dissolution studies at both 22°C and 37°C indicate that the solubility, and therefore the rate of dissolution of erythromycin base is pH dependent, being more soluble at pH 6.0 than pH 8.0 (an approximate 800 times and 1000 times reduction in the amount dissolved after 30 minutes, at 22°C and 37°C respectively, when the pH of the medium was increased from 6 to 8). Although the stability of erythromycin and its ester derivatives in aqueous acidic solutions has been well documented, very little has been reported on the compound's stability in organic solvents. Methanol is recommended by official drug compendia (U.S.P. and B.P.) for use in erythromycin identification tests as well as in the sample preparation steps during assay procedures. Thus, the effect of methanol and acetonitrile, organic solvents of similar polarities and densities, on the stability of erythromycin base, erythromycin ethylsuccinate, propionyl erythromycin and erythromycin estolate at room temperature (22°C ± 0.5°C), using HPLC with electrochemical detection, was investigated. Erythromycin base is relatively stable in both methanol and acetonitrile, remaining intact for over 168 hours in acetonitrile and showing less than 5% degradation in methanol over the same period. Erythromycin ethylsuccinate in acetonitrile shows less than 5% degradation over 168 hours whereas in methanol, rapid hydrolysis occurs resulting in almost total conversion to base within 40 hours. Approximately 87% of erythromycin propionyl ester remained intact after 168 hours in acetonitrile whilst methanol caused rapid hydrolysis to erythromycin base (35% remaining after 28 hours). Erythromycin estolate appeared to be unstable in both acetonitrile and methanol. In acetonitrile, only 13% of the estolate remained intact after 168 hours, whereas in methanol, the reaction was much more rapid with 35% of the estolate remaining after 28 hours. The use of methanol as a solvent for erythromycin estolate reference standards is thus contraindicated. A number of conflicting reports on the half- life as well as the body compartment model that best describes erythromycin base serum concentration-time profiles (lBCM generally used to describe orally administered erythromycin, whilst a 2BCM has been used to describe erythromycin administered intravenously), appear in the literature. These differences may be largely attributed to the sampling period (between 6 and 12 hours) used in the repective studies. The objective of this study was to determine the body compartment model that best describes erythromycin base serum concentration-time curves by increasing the sampling time to 24 hours. In addition, the effect of chronic dosing of erythromycin on erythromycin pharmacokinetics, in the same group of subjects, was investigated. The single and multiple oral dose pharmacokinetics of erythromycin enteric coated base pellets within a gelatin capsule (250mg), were studied in 6 healthy, normal volunteers (19.5 ± 0.76 years, 71.5 ± 8.18 kg, 180.33 ± 5.99 cm). Furthermore, steady state concentrations were predicted using the pharmacokinetic parameters obtained from the single dose study, and compared with those obtained in the multiple dose study. Plasma concentrations were determined using a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method with electrochemical detection. For the single dose study, after a tlag of 2.5 ± 0.71 hr, Cmax (1.12 ± 0.47 μ/ml) was reached at a tmax of 4.08 ± 0.93 hr post dose, with serum concentrations ranging from 0.31 - 1.62 μ/ml. The half-life was found to be 5.42 ± 1.31 hr. On multiple dosing (250mg six hourly), serum concentrations for the fifth, ninth and thirteenth dosing intervals ranged from 0.67 - 2.92 μ/ml, 1.69 - 3.65 μ/ml and 0.61 - 3.01 μ/ml, occurring at 3.75 ± 0.69 hr, 3.17 ± 1.03 hr and 3.17 ± 1.03 hr post dose with a Cmax of 1.89 ± 0.68 μ/ml, 2.35 ± 0.70 μ/ml and 1.94 ± 0.74 μ/ml, respectively. The area under the serum concentration- time curve for the single dose study (AUC₀₋∞) was 4.67 ± 0.88 hr.μ/ml, whilst the AUC₀₋τ. for the fifth, ninth and thirteenth dosing intervals of the multiple dose study were 5.77 ± 1.76 hr.μ/ml, 6.46 ± 1.33 hr.μ/ml and 5.97 ± 2.36 hr.μ/ml respectively, indicating an approximately 33% increase in AUC on chronic dosing of erythromycin. The observed increase in AUC may be a result of increased bioavailability or a decrease in clearance on chronic dosing.
- Full Text: false
- Authors: Terespolsky, Susan Ann
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Erythromycin -- Bioavailability , Erythromycin -- Pharmacokinetics
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3795 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003273 , Erythromycin -- Bioavailability , Erythromycin -- Pharmacokinetics
- Description: Erythromycin, a macrolide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces erythreus, was first introduced into clinical medicine in 1952. It is active against most gram-positive bacteria, some gram-negative bacteria and is currently the agent of choice for Legionella pneumophila. Erythromycin is an acid-labile compound rapidly degrading in acidic solutions such as the acid environment of the stomach. As such, erythromycin absorption following oral administration of solid dosage forms is relatively poor. Accordingly there have been various approaches used to protect the drug against gastric inactivation. These precautions include enteric-coating of tablets, capsules or pellets of erythromycin base, the synthesis of acid stable 2' esters of erythromycin (ethylsuccinate and propionate) and salts of these esters (erythromycin estolate), and more recently, the synthesis of a range of new acid-stable, semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotics. The 2' esters are antimicrobially inactive or much less active than the parent compound and must be converted to the free erythromycin base in vivo in order to exhibit antibacterial activity. Intrinsic dissolution rates determined on raw material can provide extremely useful information relating to the gastrointestinal absorption of drugs from solid dosage forms. The large inter- and intrasubject variability associated with erythromycin base has, to date, mainly been attributed to gastric acid inactivation of the drug. However, changes in duodenal pH resulting in altered solubility and intrinsic dissolution rates may account for the observed variability. Thus, the intrinsic dissolution rates of erythromycin base at pH 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5 and 8.0 were compared in order to investigate the possible effects of pH changes which may occur in the duodenal contents, on the in vivo dissolution and subsequent absorption of this compound. The standard intrinsic dissolution rate test procedure employing a rotating disc of pure erythromycin base powder which only allows for dissolution from a constant surface area, was adapted and the drug quantitatively determined by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using ultraviolet detection. Results of intrinsic dissolution studies at both 22°C and 37°C indicate that the solubility, and therefore the rate of dissolution of erythromycin base is pH dependent, being more soluble at pH 6.0 than pH 8.0 (an approximate 800 times and 1000 times reduction in the amount dissolved after 30 minutes, at 22°C and 37°C respectively, when the pH of the medium was increased from 6 to 8). Although the stability of erythromycin and its ester derivatives in aqueous acidic solutions has been well documented, very little has been reported on the compound's stability in organic solvents. Methanol is recommended by official drug compendia (U.S.P. and B.P.) for use in erythromycin identification tests as well as in the sample preparation steps during assay procedures. Thus, the effect of methanol and acetonitrile, organic solvents of similar polarities and densities, on the stability of erythromycin base, erythromycin ethylsuccinate, propionyl erythromycin and erythromycin estolate at room temperature (22°C ± 0.5°C), using HPLC with electrochemical detection, was investigated. Erythromycin base is relatively stable in both methanol and acetonitrile, remaining intact for over 168 hours in acetonitrile and showing less than 5% degradation in methanol over the same period. Erythromycin ethylsuccinate in acetonitrile shows less than 5% degradation over 168 hours whereas in methanol, rapid hydrolysis occurs resulting in almost total conversion to base within 40 hours. Approximately 87% of erythromycin propionyl ester remained intact after 168 hours in acetonitrile whilst methanol caused rapid hydrolysis to erythromycin base (35% remaining after 28 hours). Erythromycin estolate appeared to be unstable in both acetonitrile and methanol. In acetonitrile, only 13% of the estolate remained intact after 168 hours, whereas in methanol, the reaction was much more rapid with 35% of the estolate remaining after 28 hours. The use of methanol as a solvent for erythromycin estolate reference standards is thus contraindicated. A number of conflicting reports on the half- life as well as the body compartment model that best describes erythromycin base serum concentration-time profiles (lBCM generally used to describe orally administered erythromycin, whilst a 2BCM has been used to describe erythromycin administered intravenously), appear in the literature. These differences may be largely attributed to the sampling period (between 6 and 12 hours) used in the repective studies. The objective of this study was to determine the body compartment model that best describes erythromycin base serum concentration-time curves by increasing the sampling time to 24 hours. In addition, the effect of chronic dosing of erythromycin on erythromycin pharmacokinetics, in the same group of subjects, was investigated. The single and multiple oral dose pharmacokinetics of erythromycin enteric coated base pellets within a gelatin capsule (250mg), were studied in 6 healthy, normal volunteers (19.5 ± 0.76 years, 71.5 ± 8.18 kg, 180.33 ± 5.99 cm). Furthermore, steady state concentrations were predicted using the pharmacokinetic parameters obtained from the single dose study, and compared with those obtained in the multiple dose study. Plasma concentrations were determined using a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method with electrochemical detection. For the single dose study, after a tlag of 2.5 ± 0.71 hr, Cmax (1.12 ± 0.47 μ/ml) was reached at a tmax of 4.08 ± 0.93 hr post dose, with serum concentrations ranging from 0.31 - 1.62 μ/ml. The half-life was found to be 5.42 ± 1.31 hr. On multiple dosing (250mg six hourly), serum concentrations for the fifth, ninth and thirteenth dosing intervals ranged from 0.67 - 2.92 μ/ml, 1.69 - 3.65 μ/ml and 0.61 - 3.01 μ/ml, occurring at 3.75 ± 0.69 hr, 3.17 ± 1.03 hr and 3.17 ± 1.03 hr post dose with a Cmax of 1.89 ± 0.68 μ/ml, 2.35 ± 0.70 μ/ml and 1.94 ± 0.74 μ/ml, respectively. The area under the serum concentration- time curve for the single dose study (AUC₀₋∞) was 4.67 ± 0.88 hr.μ/ml, whilst the AUC₀₋τ. for the fifth, ninth and thirteenth dosing intervals of the multiple dose study were 5.77 ± 1.76 hr.μ/ml, 6.46 ± 1.33 hr.μ/ml and 5.97 ± 2.36 hr.μ/ml respectively, indicating an approximately 33% increase in AUC on chronic dosing of erythromycin. The observed increase in AUC may be a result of increased bioavailability or a decrease in clearance on chronic dosing.
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A study of the effect of progesterone on the body weight regulation in intact female rats
- Authors: Ravelingien, Jo
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Progesterone -- Physiological effect , Body weight -- Regulation , Rats -- Research
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3787 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003265 , Progesterone -- Physiological effect , Body weight -- Regulation , Rats -- Research
- Description: It is the aim of this study to elucidate the influence of progesterone on body weight regulation in intact female rats. A study of the literature includes a description of the body weight regulation and the effects of ovarian hormones on it. The controlled-system approach tries to link behavioral and physiological factors altering energy balance. The experimental study is subdivided into food-intake - and food-selection studies, a locomotor activity study, a study eliciting a possible role of thermogenesis, and finally rat liver studies which consist of a gas chromatography analysis of hepatic fatty acids and an electron microscopy study examining the ultrastructure of hepatocytes. It can be concluded that the effect of progesterone treatment on the body weight of intact female rats depends on the route of administration. There is a significant increase in body weight after subcutaneous progesterone injections without changes in total caloric intake and nutrient selection habits, indicating the importance of energy expenditure. But changes in spontaneous activity make no contribution in the progesterone-induced energy storage. It is also concluded that peripherally located brown adipose tissue thermogenesis is not changed, without ruling out the effect of more centrally located thermogenic organs as the liver. In this organ, small but significant changes in the fatty acid profile occur during the subcutaneous progesterone treatment.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Ravelingien, Jo
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Progesterone -- Physiological effect , Body weight -- Regulation , Rats -- Research
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3787 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003265 , Progesterone -- Physiological effect , Body weight -- Regulation , Rats -- Research
- Description: It is the aim of this study to elucidate the influence of progesterone on body weight regulation in intact female rats. A study of the literature includes a description of the body weight regulation and the effects of ovarian hormones on it. The controlled-system approach tries to link behavioral and physiological factors altering energy balance. The experimental study is subdivided into food-intake - and food-selection studies, a locomotor activity study, a study eliciting a possible role of thermogenesis, and finally rat liver studies which consist of a gas chromatography analysis of hepatic fatty acids and an electron microscopy study examining the ultrastructure of hepatocytes. It can be concluded that the effect of progesterone treatment on the body weight of intact female rats depends on the route of administration. There is a significant increase in body weight after subcutaneous progesterone injections without changes in total caloric intake and nutrient selection habits, indicating the importance of energy expenditure. But changes in spontaneous activity make no contribution in the progesterone-induced energy storage. It is also concluded that peripherally located brown adipose tissue thermogenesis is not changed, without ruling out the effect of more centrally located thermogenic organs as the liver. In this organ, small but significant changes in the fatty acid profile occur during the subcutaneous progesterone treatment.
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A study of the role of nature conservation law enforcement officers as facilitators of environmental education
- Authors: Barrett, Janice Anne
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Environmental education Nature conservation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1783 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003668
- Description: This study explores the potential roles of a sample of 18 nature conservation law enforcement officers, as facilitators of environmental education. More specifically it examines their attitudes towards their dual duties of enforcing laws and providing extension services. Attitudes were examined by means of qualitative data analysis from semi-structured interviews. Officers' environmental attitudes, as well the relative emphasis placed on law enforcement and extension, and their own perspectives of working with communities, are explored. The historical and cultural context of officers' work, as well as worldviews and personality traits are also discussed. Certain recommendations regarding officers' roles as facilitors of environmental education are made.
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- Authors: Barrett, Janice Anne
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Environmental education Nature conservation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1783 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003668
- Description: This study explores the potential roles of a sample of 18 nature conservation law enforcement officers, as facilitators of environmental education. More specifically it examines their attitudes towards their dual duties of enforcing laws and providing extension services. Attitudes were examined by means of qualitative data analysis from semi-structured interviews. Officers' environmental attitudes, as well the relative emphasis placed on law enforcement and extension, and their own perspectives of working with communities, are explored. The historical and cultural context of officers' work, as well as worldviews and personality traits are also discussed. Certain recommendations regarding officers' roles as facilitors of environmental education are made.
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