Semantic segmentation of astronomical radio images: a computer vision approach
- Authors: Kupa, Ramadimetse Sydil
- Date: 2023-03-29
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/422378 , vital:71937
- Description: The new generation of radio telescopes, such as the MeerKAT, ASKAP (Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder) and the future Square Kilometre Array (SKA), are expected to produce vast amounts of data and images in the petabyte region. Therefore, the amount of incoming data at a specific point in time will overwhelm any current traditional data analysis method being deployed. Deep learning architectures have been applied in many fields, such as, in computer vision, machine vision, natural language processing, social network filtering, speech recognition, machine translation, bioinformatics, medical image analysis, and board game programs. They have produced results which are comparable to human expert performance. Hence, it is appealing to apply it to radio astronomy data. Image segmentation is one such area where deep learning techniques are prominent. The images from the new generation of telescopes have a high density of radio sources, making it difficult to classify the sources in the image. Identifying and segmenting sources from radio images is a pre-processing step that occurs before sources are put into different classes. There is thus a need for automatic segmentation of the sources from the images before they can be classified. This work uses the Unet architecture (originally developed for biomedical image segmentation) to segment radio sources from radio astronomical images with 99.8% accuracy. After segmenting the sources we use OpenCV tools to detect the sources on the mask images, then the detection is translated to the original image where borders are drawn around each detected source. This process automates and simplifies the pre-processing of images for classification tools and any other post-processing tool that requires a specific source as an input. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Physics and Electronics, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-03-29
- Authors: Kupa, Ramadimetse Sydil
- Date: 2023-03-29
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/422378 , vital:71937
- Description: The new generation of radio telescopes, such as the MeerKAT, ASKAP (Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder) and the future Square Kilometre Array (SKA), are expected to produce vast amounts of data and images in the petabyte region. Therefore, the amount of incoming data at a specific point in time will overwhelm any current traditional data analysis method being deployed. Deep learning architectures have been applied in many fields, such as, in computer vision, machine vision, natural language processing, social network filtering, speech recognition, machine translation, bioinformatics, medical image analysis, and board game programs. They have produced results which are comparable to human expert performance. Hence, it is appealing to apply it to radio astronomy data. Image segmentation is one such area where deep learning techniques are prominent. The images from the new generation of telescopes have a high density of radio sources, making it difficult to classify the sources in the image. Identifying and segmenting sources from radio images is a pre-processing step that occurs before sources are put into different classes. There is thus a need for automatic segmentation of the sources from the images before they can be classified. This work uses the Unet architecture (originally developed for biomedical image segmentation) to segment radio sources from radio astronomical images with 99.8% accuracy. After segmenting the sources we use OpenCV tools to detect the sources on the mask images, then the detection is translated to the original image where borders are drawn around each detected source. This process automates and simplifies the pre-processing of images for classification tools and any other post-processing tool that requires a specific source as an input. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Physics and Electronics, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-03-29
Source of introduced populations of Hemidactylus mabouia (Moreau de Jonnès, 1818) into the Eastern Cape Province and the potential spread to other South African regions
- Authors: Jeme, Alungile
- Date: 2023-03-29
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/422334 , vital:71933
- Description: Human movements globally have resulted in dispersal and introduction of terrestrial and marine organisms into areas outside of their native range. Species that have been introduced to new habitats can either be alien (not causing any harm to the new environment) or invasive alien species (destroying or competing with the indigenous species for resources). Investigating the source of these introductions is important as it provides baseline information about their biology and evolution. It also allows for better prevention measures for future invasions and for effective conservation strategies. In this study, I investigate the source of the introduced populations of tropical house geckos Hemidactylus mabouia in the Eastern Cape Province using two mitochondrial gene regions, ribosomal 16S and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (ND4). We also look at the potential spread of these species using species distribution models (SDMs). The phylogeny showed that the introduced populations into the Eastern Cape were genetically similar to both H. mabouia lineages found in Central & Southern Africa. The phylogeny produced two clades from which the majority of the introduced samples were grouped in a clade with samples from Angola, DRC, and Mozambique, and only a few nested within the second clade with the South African native population. Haplotype networks from both genes also showed two clades, matching those found in the phylogeny. The introduced samples were associated with samples from Angola and those from South Africa (native) as these localities had a number of shared haplotypes. SDMs showed less evidence that these individuals could naturally move west down the coast as the probability of occurrence was below 0.4 from the Eastern Cape to the Western Cape. Our conclusion was that the introductions may be due to multiple avenues like species moving down the east coast or human translocation including trade routes. From this we can conclude that geckos are largely translocated through human movement as they are known for their opportunistic behaviours as they are commensal with humans. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Zoology and Entomology, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-03-29
- Authors: Jeme, Alungile
- Date: 2023-03-29
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/422334 , vital:71933
- Description: Human movements globally have resulted in dispersal and introduction of terrestrial and marine organisms into areas outside of their native range. Species that have been introduced to new habitats can either be alien (not causing any harm to the new environment) or invasive alien species (destroying or competing with the indigenous species for resources). Investigating the source of these introductions is important as it provides baseline information about their biology and evolution. It also allows for better prevention measures for future invasions and for effective conservation strategies. In this study, I investigate the source of the introduced populations of tropical house geckos Hemidactylus mabouia in the Eastern Cape Province using two mitochondrial gene regions, ribosomal 16S and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (ND4). We also look at the potential spread of these species using species distribution models (SDMs). The phylogeny showed that the introduced populations into the Eastern Cape were genetically similar to both H. mabouia lineages found in Central & Southern Africa. The phylogeny produced two clades from which the majority of the introduced samples were grouped in a clade with samples from Angola, DRC, and Mozambique, and only a few nested within the second clade with the South African native population. Haplotype networks from both genes also showed two clades, matching those found in the phylogeny. The introduced samples were associated with samples from Angola and those from South Africa (native) as these localities had a number of shared haplotypes. SDMs showed less evidence that these individuals could naturally move west down the coast as the probability of occurrence was below 0.4 from the Eastern Cape to the Western Cape. Our conclusion was that the introductions may be due to multiple avenues like species moving down the east coast or human translocation including trade routes. From this we can conclude that geckos are largely translocated through human movement as they are known for their opportunistic behaviours as they are commensal with humans. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Zoology and Entomology, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-03-29
The development of a low-cost real- time bacterial plate culture monitoring system
- Authors: Songcata, Ntobeko
- Date: 2023-03-29
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/422437 , vital:71942
- Description: Access restricted. Access embargoed until 2025. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Biotechnology Innovation Centre, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-03-29
- Authors: Songcata, Ntobeko
- Date: 2023-03-29
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/422437 , vital:71942
- Description: Access restricted. Access embargoed until 2025. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Biotechnology Innovation Centre, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-03-29
The influence of immuno-contraception on the ecology of African savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana) in a small game reserve in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Fowler, Natalie
- Date: 2023-03-29
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/422269 , vital:71926
- Description: African savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana) can alter the vegetation structure on a landscape which has both positive and negative consequences for biodiversity. This ecological role can be dependent on the density of elephants in a given area and how the area is transformed. Elephants are currently listed as an endangered species on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) global red list. Despite this endangered status, strong conservation efforts in southern Africa have increased elephant numbers in protected areas. In South Africa, many of these protected areas are small (<1000 km2) and fenced. Thus, without the freedom to roam over large areas, elephant impacts on vegetation and other ecosystem processes may be exacerbated. Increased growth rates and higher population densities, have prompted wildlife managers to explore several population-level management techniques to slow elephant growth rates in small, protected areas. One such technique is the use of immuno-contraception. My study focused on three datasets (Pre, During and Post porcine zona pellucida (PZP) treatments) of one elephant population over an 18-year period in a small game reserve in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. The first aim of my study was to compare the female demography and reproductive parameters of treated (with PZP) and non-treated females (no PZP). I predicted that the population growth would decrease as more elephant cows were contracepted as well as them having longer inter-calving intervals than non-treated cows. Further, I predicted that there would be a skewed sex ratio of male calves born to treated cows. Lastly, I predicted that fertility rates would be lower in treated cows than in non-treated cows. I calculated the annual population growth rates, inter-calving intervals, sex ratios, age at first calving, fecundity rates and fertility rates of all breeding cows. Population growth rates were similar to other managed populations although, compared to a relatively untouched elephant population, annual growth rates in my study site were high. The inter-calving intervals and age at first birth were low compared to other African protected areas which were most likely influenced by the use of PZP, rainfall and a lack of density dependence. Treated cows did not have longer inter-calving intervals compared to non-treated cows nor was there a male biased sex ratio of the offspring of treated cows. The second aim was to assess the spatial ecology of this elephant population and how it may be influenced by immuno-contraception. I predicted that the use of PZP would increase the elephant herd’s core range as there were fewer reproducing cows. I also predicted that PZP would alter the elephant’s habitat use making them less selective in terms of the vegetation types they selected. I compared the home ranges of the elephant population among the three treatments (Pre PZP, During PZP and Post PZP treatment). Home ranges were larger when elephants were treated with PZP compared to the Pre and Post treatments. The herd utilized most of the reserve during the use of PZP whereas prior to contraception, their space use was mostly concentrated on the eastern side of the reserve. Additionally, the vegetation utilization was inconsistent across the differing timeframes, specifically between pre PZP and during PZP. Prior to the use of PZP, the elephant herd utilized the old lands and riverine thicket the most whereas during the use of PZP, the grasslands and karroid habitats were used the most. The most likely influence of the changes in home ranges and vegetation utilization were rainfall, the use of PZP and resource availability. My results suggest that the use of PZP is essential for controlling elephant population numbers. However, there may be some long-term effects (e.g., behavioural changes) of the use of PZP in elephant populations in small game reserves. Thus, I recommend continued monitoring of all aspects of elephant ecology on reserves where PZP is used as a contraceptive technique. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Zoology and Entomology, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-03-29
- Authors: Fowler, Natalie
- Date: 2023-03-29
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/422269 , vital:71926
- Description: African savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana) can alter the vegetation structure on a landscape which has both positive and negative consequences for biodiversity. This ecological role can be dependent on the density of elephants in a given area and how the area is transformed. Elephants are currently listed as an endangered species on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) global red list. Despite this endangered status, strong conservation efforts in southern Africa have increased elephant numbers in protected areas. In South Africa, many of these protected areas are small (<1000 km2) and fenced. Thus, without the freedom to roam over large areas, elephant impacts on vegetation and other ecosystem processes may be exacerbated. Increased growth rates and higher population densities, have prompted wildlife managers to explore several population-level management techniques to slow elephant growth rates in small, protected areas. One such technique is the use of immuno-contraception. My study focused on three datasets (Pre, During and Post porcine zona pellucida (PZP) treatments) of one elephant population over an 18-year period in a small game reserve in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. The first aim of my study was to compare the female demography and reproductive parameters of treated (with PZP) and non-treated females (no PZP). I predicted that the population growth would decrease as more elephant cows were contracepted as well as them having longer inter-calving intervals than non-treated cows. Further, I predicted that there would be a skewed sex ratio of male calves born to treated cows. Lastly, I predicted that fertility rates would be lower in treated cows than in non-treated cows. I calculated the annual population growth rates, inter-calving intervals, sex ratios, age at first calving, fecundity rates and fertility rates of all breeding cows. Population growth rates were similar to other managed populations although, compared to a relatively untouched elephant population, annual growth rates in my study site were high. The inter-calving intervals and age at first birth were low compared to other African protected areas which were most likely influenced by the use of PZP, rainfall and a lack of density dependence. Treated cows did not have longer inter-calving intervals compared to non-treated cows nor was there a male biased sex ratio of the offspring of treated cows. The second aim was to assess the spatial ecology of this elephant population and how it may be influenced by immuno-contraception. I predicted that the use of PZP would increase the elephant herd’s core range as there were fewer reproducing cows. I also predicted that PZP would alter the elephant’s habitat use making them less selective in terms of the vegetation types they selected. I compared the home ranges of the elephant population among the three treatments (Pre PZP, During PZP and Post PZP treatment). Home ranges were larger when elephants were treated with PZP compared to the Pre and Post treatments. The herd utilized most of the reserve during the use of PZP whereas prior to contraception, their space use was mostly concentrated on the eastern side of the reserve. Additionally, the vegetation utilization was inconsistent across the differing timeframes, specifically between pre PZP and during PZP. Prior to the use of PZP, the elephant herd utilized the old lands and riverine thicket the most whereas during the use of PZP, the grasslands and karroid habitats were used the most. The most likely influence of the changes in home ranges and vegetation utilization were rainfall, the use of PZP and resource availability. My results suggest that the use of PZP is essential for controlling elephant population numbers. However, there may be some long-term effects (e.g., behavioural changes) of the use of PZP in elephant populations in small game reserves. Thus, I recommend continued monitoring of all aspects of elephant ecology on reserves where PZP is used as a contraceptive technique. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Zoology and Entomology, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-03-29
The link between behavioural plasticity and aerobic scope 1 phenotypes in predicting the survival of Chrysoblephus laticeps 2 under climate variability
- Authors: Bailey, Lauren Ashleigh
- Date: 2023-03-29
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/422606 , vital:71961 , DOI 10.21504/10962/422606
- Description: Thermal variability in the marine environment is likely to have a considerable effect on fishes as it impacts physiological performance and vital (i.e metabolism, foraging and swimming style) and non-vital (i.e. reproductive fitness) energetic processes. When fish are subjected to thermal stress, they may primarily respond by changing their behaviour. Species that have broad phenotypic behavioural plasticity (i.e. defined as the ability to adjust behavioural activity in presiding environmental conditions in order to remain within their optimal thermal range) may have a competitive advantage. Fish behavioural plasticity may take many forms. Some species may seek out thermal refugia by changing their phenology or distribution, while others alter the timing of their seasonal and spawning migrations in response to a changing environment. Although fishes can use behavioural changes to cope with climate change impacts, there does appear to be variability in the behavioural responses within species. However, if alterations in behaviour are insufficient to ensure that the individual remains within their optimal thermal range, physiological acclimation (i.e. defined as the process in which an organism adjusts to prevailing conditions by broadening their thermal performance curve so that their performance is maximized in the new thermal environment) may be required. Therefore, there is a critical link between the behaviour and thermal physiology of fishes, particularly in a world where they are facing increasing thermal stress. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-03-29
- Authors: Bailey, Lauren Ashleigh
- Date: 2023-03-29
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/422606 , vital:71961 , DOI 10.21504/10962/422606
- Description: Thermal variability in the marine environment is likely to have a considerable effect on fishes as it impacts physiological performance and vital (i.e metabolism, foraging and swimming style) and non-vital (i.e. reproductive fitness) energetic processes. When fish are subjected to thermal stress, they may primarily respond by changing their behaviour. Species that have broad phenotypic behavioural plasticity (i.e. defined as the ability to adjust behavioural activity in presiding environmental conditions in order to remain within their optimal thermal range) may have a competitive advantage. Fish behavioural plasticity may take many forms. Some species may seek out thermal refugia by changing their phenology or distribution, while others alter the timing of their seasonal and spawning migrations in response to a changing environment. Although fishes can use behavioural changes to cope with climate change impacts, there does appear to be variability in the behavioural responses within species. However, if alterations in behaviour are insufficient to ensure that the individual remains within their optimal thermal range, physiological acclimation (i.e. defined as the process in which an organism adjusts to prevailing conditions by broadening their thermal performance curve so that their performance is maximized in the new thermal environment) may be required. Therefore, there is a critical link between the behaviour and thermal physiology of fishes, particularly in a world where they are facing increasing thermal stress. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-03-29
The nature of Visual Representations of multiplication and division exercises in nine Grades 1 to 3 South African textbooks
- Authors: Booysen, Tammy Irene
- Date: 2023-03-29
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/422579 , vital:71959
- Description: Mathematics is a language that is rich in visual representations (Mudaly & Rampersad, 2010). Visual Representations assist us in developing our reasoning skills when solving a problem and our understanding of the relationships between concepts (Ozkan et al., 2018). This thesis focuses on the different visual representations (VR) in South African Foundation Phase mathematics textbooks and workbooks. Textbooks and workbooks play an important role in developing an understanding of mathematical concepts for both teachers and learners (Harries & Spooner, 2000). While teachers generally rely heavily on textbooks, they were a key resource while schools were closed due to COVID-19 lockdown regulations. The theory of Constructivism forms part of the theoretical framework for this study. Constructivism advocates that learners actively construct knowledge through experiences rather than passively receiving knowledge from the outside (Von Glaserfeld, 2001). Vygotsky believed that social interactions create experiences that facilitate the learning and meaning-making process (Vygotsky, 1978). This case study is underpinned by an interpretivist paradigm as it sought to examine the nature of VRs in three Grades 1 - 3 textbooks/workbooks. My research approach is primarily qualitative with descriptive statistics to assist in developing a more comprehensive understanding of the research questions. The study was guided by the analytic tool designed by Fotakopoulou and Spiliotopoulou (2008) which I adapted for Foundation Phase mathematics use. The framework provides insight on the type of VR, VRs relation to content, VRs relation to reality, the function of the VR and dimensionality of a VR. While the workbooks had many more VRs than textbooks, the dominant type of VR in textbooks and workbooks are images. The VRs mostly have a strong relation to content with a realistic relation to reality as they were predominantly 2D representation of a 3D object that had an exemplifying function (type b). , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, Education, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-03-29
- Authors: Booysen, Tammy Irene
- Date: 2023-03-29
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/422579 , vital:71959
- Description: Mathematics is a language that is rich in visual representations (Mudaly & Rampersad, 2010). Visual Representations assist us in developing our reasoning skills when solving a problem and our understanding of the relationships between concepts (Ozkan et al., 2018). This thesis focuses on the different visual representations (VR) in South African Foundation Phase mathematics textbooks and workbooks. Textbooks and workbooks play an important role in developing an understanding of mathematical concepts for both teachers and learners (Harries & Spooner, 2000). While teachers generally rely heavily on textbooks, they were a key resource while schools were closed due to COVID-19 lockdown regulations. The theory of Constructivism forms part of the theoretical framework for this study. Constructivism advocates that learners actively construct knowledge through experiences rather than passively receiving knowledge from the outside (Von Glaserfeld, 2001). Vygotsky believed that social interactions create experiences that facilitate the learning and meaning-making process (Vygotsky, 1978). This case study is underpinned by an interpretivist paradigm as it sought to examine the nature of VRs in three Grades 1 - 3 textbooks/workbooks. My research approach is primarily qualitative with descriptive statistics to assist in developing a more comprehensive understanding of the research questions. The study was guided by the analytic tool designed by Fotakopoulou and Spiliotopoulou (2008) which I adapted for Foundation Phase mathematics use. The framework provides insight on the type of VR, VRs relation to content, VRs relation to reality, the function of the VR and dimensionality of a VR. While the workbooks had many more VRs than textbooks, the dominant type of VR in textbooks and workbooks are images. The VRs mostly have a strong relation to content with a realistic relation to reality as they were predominantly 2D representation of a 3D object that had an exemplifying function (type b). , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, Education, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-03-29
The proprietary consequences of foreign marriages for the purposes of estate planning and succession in South Africa
- Authors: Thorne, Aimee Liza
- Date: 2023-03-29
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/420725 , vital:71773
- Description: This thesis is intended to provide clarity regarding the proprietary consequences of foreign marriages in the context of estate planning and succession in South Africa. It includes an exploration into the impact of specific legislation on foreign marriages, the implications of matrimonial property regimes on a deceased estate in South Africa, private international law principles affecting matrimonial property and succession claims, the scope of antenuptial contracts and postnuptial contracts as existing remedies for foreign remedies, and the harmonisation of succession and matrimonial property law in the European Union (EU). It furthermore suggests potential reforms for the overhaul of the lex domicilii matrimonii principle and associated issues arising therefrom. Various specific issues discussed include the waiver of accrual claims, maintenance claims by surviving spouses of a foreign marriage, choice-of-law rules for matrimonial property rights and succession rights, the registration of a domestic or foreign antenuptial contract for foreign marriages, the formal validity and proper law of antenuptial contracts, the operation of the immutability principle on a domestic and international level, and the common-law approach to the recognition of postnuptial contracts and spousal donations. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, Law, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-03-29
- Authors: Thorne, Aimee Liza
- Date: 2023-03-29
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/420725 , vital:71773
- Description: This thesis is intended to provide clarity regarding the proprietary consequences of foreign marriages in the context of estate planning and succession in South Africa. It includes an exploration into the impact of specific legislation on foreign marriages, the implications of matrimonial property regimes on a deceased estate in South Africa, private international law principles affecting matrimonial property and succession claims, the scope of antenuptial contracts and postnuptial contracts as existing remedies for foreign remedies, and the harmonisation of succession and matrimonial property law in the European Union (EU). It furthermore suggests potential reforms for the overhaul of the lex domicilii matrimonii principle and associated issues arising therefrom. Various specific issues discussed include the waiver of accrual claims, maintenance claims by surviving spouses of a foreign marriage, choice-of-law rules for matrimonial property rights and succession rights, the registration of a domestic or foreign antenuptial contract for foreign marriages, the formal validity and proper law of antenuptial contracts, the operation of the immutability principle on a domestic and international level, and the common-law approach to the recognition of postnuptial contracts and spousal donations. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, Law, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-03-29
Analysis of corporate failures: a case study of two South African banks
- Mqomboti, Xitshembiso Pronacia
- Authors: Mqomboti, Xitshembiso Pronacia
- Date: 2023-02
- Subjects: Business failures South Africa , Corporate governance South Africa , Risk management , Operational risk , Business ethics , Bank management South Africa , Banks and banking South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/419151 , vital:71620
- Description: This study analysed the factors that contributed to the failure of Venda Building Society Mutual Bank (VBS) and African Bank Limited and the impact it had on their key stakeholders. The specific objectives of this study were to evaluate African Bank and VBS bank's operational risk management processes and controls, the role of ethical failures at VBS bank and African Bank; and assess how the failures affected their stakeholders. The population sample of the study included African Bank and VBS. The study adopted a qualitative research method. Existing reports from both African Bank and VBS were used to collect data. The study adopted a thematic data analysis method, which includes data coding and the development of themes. The data analysis framework was derived from a defined set of research propositions and seven (7) themes were derived from this analysis method. The failure in operational controls of both banks and ineffective risk management structures including unethical conduct by the executive management and board of VBS bank, irregular financial transactions and weakened external auditing function resulted in an unaccountable executive relationship and reckless lending decision-making. This research study will expand on the existing body of knowledge on the failures and near-failures of banks in the South African banking sector. The South African banking industry and its regulatory bodies will be better equipped to strengthen their corporate governance in risk controls to mitigate future collapses and near collapses of banks. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Commerce, Rhodes Business School, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-02
- Authors: Mqomboti, Xitshembiso Pronacia
- Date: 2023-02
- Subjects: Business failures South Africa , Corporate governance South Africa , Risk management , Operational risk , Business ethics , Bank management South Africa , Banks and banking South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/419151 , vital:71620
- Description: This study analysed the factors that contributed to the failure of Venda Building Society Mutual Bank (VBS) and African Bank Limited and the impact it had on their key stakeholders. The specific objectives of this study were to evaluate African Bank and VBS bank's operational risk management processes and controls, the role of ethical failures at VBS bank and African Bank; and assess how the failures affected their stakeholders. The population sample of the study included African Bank and VBS. The study adopted a qualitative research method. Existing reports from both African Bank and VBS were used to collect data. The study adopted a thematic data analysis method, which includes data coding and the development of themes. The data analysis framework was derived from a defined set of research propositions and seven (7) themes were derived from this analysis method. The failure in operational controls of both banks and ineffective risk management structures including unethical conduct by the executive management and board of VBS bank, irregular financial transactions and weakened external auditing function resulted in an unaccountable executive relationship and reckless lending decision-making. This research study will expand on the existing body of knowledge on the failures and near-failures of banks in the South African banking sector. The South African banking industry and its regulatory bodies will be better equipped to strengthen their corporate governance in risk controls to mitigate future collapses and near collapses of banks. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Commerce, Rhodes Business School, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-02
A proposed management framework for water stewardship for small business in South Africa
- Authors: Huxtable, Collette
- Date: 2022-12-12
- Subjects: Water-supply Management , Small business South Africa , Water-supply Economic aspects , Triple bottom line , Sustainable development reporting , Competitive advantage
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/419090 , vital:71615
- Description: Climate change, severe weather events, population growth and, urbanisation are just a few of the leading causes contributing to the global water crisis. This global water crisis is negatively impacting the environment, and society, which includes business (large and small). Businesses are facing many water risks and challenges in their daily operations, such as water scarcity, water stress and water pollution, which are resulting in them being negatively impacted financially. For all business to overcome these risks and challenges which are negatively impacting their operations and to assist in protecting the scarce water resources left on the planet, the implementation of water stewardship practices will play a very important role. The literature has fallen short in addressing water stewardship frameworks and practices for small business. Through a sustainability lens underpinned by Natural Resource Based View Theory, this research study sets out to develop a water stewardship framework for implementation by small business to provide them with a competitive advantage. By reviewing the current literature and frameworks available to large business organisations, the insights gained allowed for a draft water stewardship framework to be developed from this literature, suitable for small business. This draft water stewardship framework for small business was used to gather further information on its suitability for small business, through an interview process. A qualitative interview process with seven small businesses in Makhanda (South Africa), allowed for data to be gathered and used to refine and adjust the draft water stewardship framework for small business. The findings from this research study show that small business do not have a global awareness of water problems and are not aware of the concept of water stewardship. Small business were very receptive to the draft water stewardship framework for small business and felt that its implementation would make a difference in saving scarce water resources and create a competitive advantage for them. The study concludes by recommending a water stewardship framework for small business (WSF4SB), who will play a leading role in fighting the water crisis. The implementation of the WSF4SB aims to provide small business with a sustainable competitive advantage by looking after scarce water resources ensuring there is sufficient water for current and future generations. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Commerce, Rhodes Business School, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12-12
- Authors: Huxtable, Collette
- Date: 2022-12-12
- Subjects: Water-supply Management , Small business South Africa , Water-supply Economic aspects , Triple bottom line , Sustainable development reporting , Competitive advantage
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/419090 , vital:71615
- Description: Climate change, severe weather events, population growth and, urbanisation are just a few of the leading causes contributing to the global water crisis. This global water crisis is negatively impacting the environment, and society, which includes business (large and small). Businesses are facing many water risks and challenges in their daily operations, such as water scarcity, water stress and water pollution, which are resulting in them being negatively impacted financially. For all business to overcome these risks and challenges which are negatively impacting their operations and to assist in protecting the scarce water resources left on the planet, the implementation of water stewardship practices will play a very important role. The literature has fallen short in addressing water stewardship frameworks and practices for small business. Through a sustainability lens underpinned by Natural Resource Based View Theory, this research study sets out to develop a water stewardship framework for implementation by small business to provide them with a competitive advantage. By reviewing the current literature and frameworks available to large business organisations, the insights gained allowed for a draft water stewardship framework to be developed from this literature, suitable for small business. This draft water stewardship framework for small business was used to gather further information on its suitability for small business, through an interview process. A qualitative interview process with seven small businesses in Makhanda (South Africa), allowed for data to be gathered and used to refine and adjust the draft water stewardship framework for small business. The findings from this research study show that small business do not have a global awareness of water problems and are not aware of the concept of water stewardship. Small business were very receptive to the draft water stewardship framework for small business and felt that its implementation would make a difference in saving scarce water resources and create a competitive advantage for them. The study concludes by recommending a water stewardship framework for small business (WSF4SB), who will play a leading role in fighting the water crisis. The implementation of the WSF4SB aims to provide small business with a sustainable competitive advantage by looking after scarce water resources ensuring there is sufficient water for current and future generations. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Commerce, Rhodes Business School, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12-12
Service as a leadership competency at Director/CEO level
- Authors: Chilton, Ilse Mercia
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Leadership Moral and ethical aspects , Servant leadership , Compassion , Humility , Integrative thinking , Critical incident technique , Transformational leadership
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/419075 , vital:71614
- Description: Given ethical failures in leadership, the actions and decisions of leaders are receiving renewed attention based on the role business plays in society. Business leaders need to demonstrate their willingness to consider their influence on society and not merely consider the demands and expectations of shareholders. Leaders must consider the ethical lens through which their decisions and actions are perceived. Service as a leadership competency can develop ethical leadership. Currently, service is not clearly defined and understood, and Pearse (2017) proposes five interrelated elements of service as a competency, namely individualised consideration, compassion, motivation to lead, humility and integrated thinking. The study examined if the five interrelated service elements are present when a leader at Director/CEO level exercises an act of service towards a follower. The study adopted a qualitative deductive thematic approach, collecting data through semi-structured interviews and using the critical incident technique to guide the interviews. The study's findings support the research proposition that service as a leadership competency consists of the five elements, but with some of these elements expanded. Service as a leadership competency is recommended to develop high-quality social relationships within an organisation, which will positively impact the corporate culture. Organisations can recruit and select leaders based on ethical leadership requirements and integrate these into performance management systems. Recommendations for further research have also been made. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Commerce, Rhodes Business School, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Chilton, Ilse Mercia
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Leadership Moral and ethical aspects , Servant leadership , Compassion , Humility , Integrative thinking , Critical incident technique , Transformational leadership
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/419075 , vital:71614
- Description: Given ethical failures in leadership, the actions and decisions of leaders are receiving renewed attention based on the role business plays in society. Business leaders need to demonstrate their willingness to consider their influence on society and not merely consider the demands and expectations of shareholders. Leaders must consider the ethical lens through which their decisions and actions are perceived. Service as a leadership competency can develop ethical leadership. Currently, service is not clearly defined and understood, and Pearse (2017) proposes five interrelated elements of service as a competency, namely individualised consideration, compassion, motivation to lead, humility and integrated thinking. The study examined if the five interrelated service elements are present when a leader at Director/CEO level exercises an act of service towards a follower. The study adopted a qualitative deductive thematic approach, collecting data through semi-structured interviews and using the critical incident technique to guide the interviews. The study's findings support the research proposition that service as a leadership competency consists of the five elements, but with some of these elements expanded. Service as a leadership competency is recommended to develop high-quality social relationships within an organisation, which will positively impact the corporate culture. Organisations can recruit and select leaders based on ethical leadership requirements and integrate these into performance management systems. Recommendations for further research have also been made. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Commerce, Rhodes Business School, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
Guidelines for designing personal health dashboards
- Authors: Chabana, Chabana Ernst
- Date: 2022-11
- Subjects: Dashboards (Management information systems) , Information visualization , Medical informatics , Digital health , Design manual
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/419137 , vital:71619
- Description: The healthcare industry is realising the value of providing ordinary individuals with their personal health data for self-care and self-management purposes, however, these individuals are faced with the challenge of going through, understanding and extracting insights from large volumes of complex personal health data. A dashboard (coupled with data visualization) is regarded as a suitable way to present personal health data effectively, to inform self-care and self- management-based decisions. However, there is no homogeneous (i.e. “one-size-fits-all”) approach to designing dashboards; therefore, this research aimed at creating a set of design guidelines that can be used as a foundation for tailoring dashboards that support the presentation of personal health data. The Design Science Research methodology was used to systematically develop and evaluate the set of dashboard design guidelines. Within this methodology, literature was reviewed and focus groups with participants were conducted to extract insights and inform the development of the initial set (proposed) design guidelines. The proposed design guidelines were then used to develop a medium-fidelity personal health dashboard prototype. Usability testing with the dashboard prototype was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and utility of these design guidelines. The evaluation provided insights that strengthened the quality of the design guidelines. The evaluation indicated that the proposed set of guidelines are suitable for designing a dashboard that presents personal health data effectively. These design guidelines can be adapted in order to inform the process of tailoring dashboards for accommodating different personal health data presentation needs. , Thesis (MCOM) -- Faculty of Commerce, Information Systems, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-11
- Authors: Chabana, Chabana Ernst
- Date: 2022-11
- Subjects: Dashboards (Management information systems) , Information visualization , Medical informatics , Digital health , Design manual
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/419137 , vital:71619
- Description: The healthcare industry is realising the value of providing ordinary individuals with their personal health data for self-care and self-management purposes, however, these individuals are faced with the challenge of going through, understanding and extracting insights from large volumes of complex personal health data. A dashboard (coupled with data visualization) is regarded as a suitable way to present personal health data effectively, to inform self-care and self- management-based decisions. However, there is no homogeneous (i.e. “one-size-fits-all”) approach to designing dashboards; therefore, this research aimed at creating a set of design guidelines that can be used as a foundation for tailoring dashboards that support the presentation of personal health data. The Design Science Research methodology was used to systematically develop and evaluate the set of dashboard design guidelines. Within this methodology, literature was reviewed and focus groups with participants were conducted to extract insights and inform the development of the initial set (proposed) design guidelines. The proposed design guidelines were then used to develop a medium-fidelity personal health dashboard prototype. Usability testing with the dashboard prototype was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and utility of these design guidelines. The evaluation provided insights that strengthened the quality of the design guidelines. The evaluation indicated that the proposed set of guidelines are suitable for designing a dashboard that presents personal health data effectively. These design guidelines can be adapted in order to inform the process of tailoring dashboards for accommodating different personal health data presentation needs. , Thesis (MCOM) -- Faculty of Commerce, Information Systems, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-11
'ORPHEIOI HYMNOI' The generic contexts of the Orphic Hymns
- Malamis, Daniel Scott Christos
- Authors: Malamis, Daniel Scott Christos
- Date: 2022-10-14
- Subjects: Orphic hymns , Poetics Early works to 1800 , Hymns, Greek (Classical) History and criticism , Literary form
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/327177 , vital:61088 , DOI 10.21504/10962/327177
- Description: Uncertainty surrounds the circumstances of Orphic Hymns’ composition and their intended use. Their author has substituted their own identity for that of the mythological poet and there is no certain reference to the extant collection in any ancient source. They are, in this sense, decontextualised. This study aims to make a contribution to the ongoing debate concerning the hymns’ composition, and the original function they might have served, through an analysis of their poetic and generic contexts. Following a detailed survey of scholarship on the hymns, I reflect first on the collection as a unified text, the constitutive parts of the individual hymns and the methods they employ for addressing, describing and praying to the gods. I then study a select group of stylistic features that the hymns prominently display: their use of phonic effects, including etymological figures, of antithesis and symmetrical patterning, and their extensive repetition of poetic formulae. In each case I discuss the deployment and significance of these poetic elements within the collection and consider the intertextual parallels suggested by their recurrence in Greek literary texts of all periods. This analysis reveals the hymns’ engagement with an overlapping set of poetic traditions, including, most prominently, cultic hymns and oracles, gnomic poetry, the theological discourses of the Presocratic philosophers and, in particular, Orphic poetry in its many forms. It suggests moreover that the hymns engage deeply with the oral strategies of the earliest Greek poets, underscoring the conclusion reached by several recent scholars, that the extant collection is essentially performative and was intended to be recited and heard. I argue that the Orphic Hymns were not a unique text in their employment of the stylistic features studied here, but drew extensively upon earlier hymns composed in Orpheus’ name. I further consider, in the light of this argument, the bearing this study has on the unresolved questions of the hymns’ composition, whether by a single author or many, and the aims of the poet(s) who composed them. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Languages and Literature Studies, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-10-14
- Authors: Malamis, Daniel Scott Christos
- Date: 2022-10-14
- Subjects: Orphic hymns , Poetics Early works to 1800 , Hymns, Greek (Classical) History and criticism , Literary form
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/327177 , vital:61088 , DOI 10.21504/10962/327177
- Description: Uncertainty surrounds the circumstances of Orphic Hymns’ composition and their intended use. Their author has substituted their own identity for that of the mythological poet and there is no certain reference to the extant collection in any ancient source. They are, in this sense, decontextualised. This study aims to make a contribution to the ongoing debate concerning the hymns’ composition, and the original function they might have served, through an analysis of their poetic and generic contexts. Following a detailed survey of scholarship on the hymns, I reflect first on the collection as a unified text, the constitutive parts of the individual hymns and the methods they employ for addressing, describing and praying to the gods. I then study a select group of stylistic features that the hymns prominently display: their use of phonic effects, including etymological figures, of antithesis and symmetrical patterning, and their extensive repetition of poetic formulae. In each case I discuss the deployment and significance of these poetic elements within the collection and consider the intertextual parallels suggested by their recurrence in Greek literary texts of all periods. This analysis reveals the hymns’ engagement with an overlapping set of poetic traditions, including, most prominently, cultic hymns and oracles, gnomic poetry, the theological discourses of the Presocratic philosophers and, in particular, Orphic poetry in its many forms. It suggests moreover that the hymns engage deeply with the oral strategies of the earliest Greek poets, underscoring the conclusion reached by several recent scholars, that the extant collection is essentially performative and was intended to be recited and heard. I argue that the Orphic Hymns were not a unique text in their employment of the stylistic features studied here, but drew extensively upon earlier hymns composed in Orpheus’ name. I further consider, in the light of this argument, the bearing this study has on the unresolved questions of the hymns’ composition, whether by a single author or many, and the aims of the poet(s) who composed them. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Languages and Literature Studies, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-10-14
A critical analysis of Professor Andrew Tracey’s contribution to African music pedagogy and the field of applied ethnomusicology
- Authors: Moyo, Vuyelwa O'Lacy
- Date: 2022-10-14
- Subjects: Tracey, Andrew T N , Ethnomusicology , Music Instruction and study Africa , Mbira Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/406829 , vital:70311
- Description: The research presented in this thesis is based on my interest and experience in forms of African music, ethnomusicology, and studying mbira with Professor Emeritus Andrew Tracey. When I arrived in South Africa in 2019 to join Rhodes University’s Applied Ethnomusicology programme, I chose to study the mbira with Tracey as the idea of learning more about Zimbabwe through music was important to the formation of my identity. Through the lens of embodied learning and a practice-based approach in this research, I evaluate how Tracey’s numerous contributions to African music pedagogy have improved prospects for African music scholars and students in terms of contributing to the goals of applied ethnomusicology. The primary purpose of this thesis is to respond to the absence of serious scrutiny of existing pedagogical approaches to African music at universities across South Africa. The contribution this research makes will be valuable to African music programmes across the continent as well as to practitioners of African traditional instruments, such as the marimba, mbira, timbila xylophones, nyanga pan pipes, and valimba xylophones. The thesis comprises five chapters. The first presents an introduction to the research, and its goals, procedures and approaches, along with an outline of the subsequent chapters. Tracey’s biography is covered in the second chapter. A consideration of the state of African music teaching in other African countries such as Ghana, Kenya, and Zimbabwe; the history of African music; and the state of African music pedagogy in tertiary institutions in South Africa constitutes the third chapter. Chapter 4 comprises an analysis of Tracey’s articles and data gathered from interviews, as well as my personal reflections as Tracey’s student. The final chapter presents a summary of the preceding chapters, the study’s findings, and suggestions for further research. A multidisciplinary approach was used for this thesis. The results finds that Tracey’s articles had six common themes which he wrote about and are a contribution to African music pedagogy. These themes are the history of instruments, the structure of the instrument, the learning/playing technique, structure of the instrument, transcription and dance steps. , Thesis (MMus) -- Faculty of Humanities, Music and Musicology, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-10-14
- Authors: Moyo, Vuyelwa O'Lacy
- Date: 2022-10-14
- Subjects: Tracey, Andrew T N , Ethnomusicology , Music Instruction and study Africa , Mbira Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/406829 , vital:70311
- Description: The research presented in this thesis is based on my interest and experience in forms of African music, ethnomusicology, and studying mbira with Professor Emeritus Andrew Tracey. When I arrived in South Africa in 2019 to join Rhodes University’s Applied Ethnomusicology programme, I chose to study the mbira with Tracey as the idea of learning more about Zimbabwe through music was important to the formation of my identity. Through the lens of embodied learning and a practice-based approach in this research, I evaluate how Tracey’s numerous contributions to African music pedagogy have improved prospects for African music scholars and students in terms of contributing to the goals of applied ethnomusicology. The primary purpose of this thesis is to respond to the absence of serious scrutiny of existing pedagogical approaches to African music at universities across South Africa. The contribution this research makes will be valuable to African music programmes across the continent as well as to practitioners of African traditional instruments, such as the marimba, mbira, timbila xylophones, nyanga pan pipes, and valimba xylophones. The thesis comprises five chapters. The first presents an introduction to the research, and its goals, procedures and approaches, along with an outline of the subsequent chapters. Tracey’s biography is covered in the second chapter. A consideration of the state of African music teaching in other African countries such as Ghana, Kenya, and Zimbabwe; the history of African music; and the state of African music pedagogy in tertiary institutions in South Africa constitutes the third chapter. Chapter 4 comprises an analysis of Tracey’s articles and data gathered from interviews, as well as my personal reflections as Tracey’s student. The final chapter presents a summary of the preceding chapters, the study’s findings, and suggestions for further research. A multidisciplinary approach was used for this thesis. The results finds that Tracey’s articles had six common themes which he wrote about and are a contribution to African music pedagogy. These themes are the history of instruments, the structure of the instrument, the learning/playing technique, structure of the instrument, transcription and dance steps. , Thesis (MMus) -- Faculty of Humanities, Music and Musicology, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-10-14
A critical analysis of the tax treatment of cryptocurrencies in a South African context
- Authors: Ho, Dau-Ming
- Date: 2022-10-14
- Subjects: Cryptocurrencies Taxation , Income tax Law and legislation South Africa , Income tax Law and legislation Australia , Financial services industry Security measures , South Africa. Income Tax Act, 1962
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/357504 , vital:64749
- Description: The aim of the present research was to investigate whether, as claimed by the South African Revenue Service in the media release issued in April 2018, the normal income tax provisions could apply to cryptocurrency transactions. To achieve this aim, a literature review was undertaken to describe the nature of cryptocurrencies and related crypto mining activities, providing definitions of cryptocurrencies, blockchains and crypto mining, as well as describing the functioning of the system. The research then proceeded to analyse the provisions of the definition of “gross income” in section 1 of the Income Tax Act, 58 of 1962, as amended, and the requirements of the “general deduction formula” in terms of the preamble to section 11, section 11(a) and section 23(g), as applying to cryptocurrency transactions. The application of other provisions in the Act to cryptocurrency transactions was analysed, including trading stock in terms of section 22, and capital allowances in terms of sections 11(e), 12C and 13quin of the Act, together with capital gains tax consequences in terms of the Eighth Schedule to the Income Tax Act. The regulation for income tax purposes of cryptocurrency transactions in Australia was discussed, with a view to making similar recommendations in South Africa. The research was situated in the interpretative paradigm, a doctrinal methodology was applied, together with a qualitative analysis of documentary data. The discussion was limited to the income tax consequences of cryptocurrencies as applying to individuals. The findings of the research were that, in general, the normal income tax provisions could apply to cryptocurrency transactions, but based on the analysis of the South African and Australian income tax acts as they apply to cryptocurrencies, it was recommended that a Comprehensive Guide on the income tax consequences of cryptocurrency transactions should be issued by the South African Revenue Service, together with amendments to section 25D and paragraph 43 of the Eighth Schedule to the Income Tax Act to deal with the conversion of cryptocurrencies to Rand values, and to section 9C of the Income Tax Act to include the deemed capital nature of the disposal of cryptocurrencies in the three-year rule presently applying to equity shares. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Commerce, Accounting, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-10-14
- Authors: Ho, Dau-Ming
- Date: 2022-10-14
- Subjects: Cryptocurrencies Taxation , Income tax Law and legislation South Africa , Income tax Law and legislation Australia , Financial services industry Security measures , South Africa. Income Tax Act, 1962
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/357504 , vital:64749
- Description: The aim of the present research was to investigate whether, as claimed by the South African Revenue Service in the media release issued in April 2018, the normal income tax provisions could apply to cryptocurrency transactions. To achieve this aim, a literature review was undertaken to describe the nature of cryptocurrencies and related crypto mining activities, providing definitions of cryptocurrencies, blockchains and crypto mining, as well as describing the functioning of the system. The research then proceeded to analyse the provisions of the definition of “gross income” in section 1 of the Income Tax Act, 58 of 1962, as amended, and the requirements of the “general deduction formula” in terms of the preamble to section 11, section 11(a) and section 23(g), as applying to cryptocurrency transactions. The application of other provisions in the Act to cryptocurrency transactions was analysed, including trading stock in terms of section 22, and capital allowances in terms of sections 11(e), 12C and 13quin of the Act, together with capital gains tax consequences in terms of the Eighth Schedule to the Income Tax Act. The regulation for income tax purposes of cryptocurrency transactions in Australia was discussed, with a view to making similar recommendations in South Africa. The research was situated in the interpretative paradigm, a doctrinal methodology was applied, together with a qualitative analysis of documentary data. The discussion was limited to the income tax consequences of cryptocurrencies as applying to individuals. The findings of the research were that, in general, the normal income tax provisions could apply to cryptocurrency transactions, but based on the analysis of the South African and Australian income tax acts as they apply to cryptocurrencies, it was recommended that a Comprehensive Guide on the income tax consequences of cryptocurrency transactions should be issued by the South African Revenue Service, together with amendments to section 25D and paragraph 43 of the Eighth Schedule to the Income Tax Act to deal with the conversion of cryptocurrencies to Rand values, and to section 9C of the Income Tax Act to include the deemed capital nature of the disposal of cryptocurrencies in the three-year rule presently applying to equity shares. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Commerce, Accounting, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-10-14
A critical analysis of the Urban Food System, Urban Governance and Household Food Security in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
- Authors: Maphosa, Mandlenkosi
- Date: 2022-10-14
- Subjects: Food security Zimbabwe Bulawayo , City planning Government policy Zimbabwe Bulawayo , Urban poor Zimbabwe Bulawayo , Urban agriculture Zimbabwe Bulawayo , COVID-19 (Disease) Zimbabwe Bulawayo , Agent (Philosophy)
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/327165 , vital:61087 , DOI 10.21504/10962/327165
- Description: Urbanisation is occurring on a massive scale globally and even more so in the less developed regions of the Global South including sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Like other developing regions of the world, urbanisation in SSA is not occurring alongside a corresponding growth in urban economies. Resultantly, it is taking place in tandem with the rising scourge of urban poverty, including food insecurity. While urban food insecurity is a clear challenge in SSA, the challenge has however not been met with equal vigour in policy making and implementation circles and even in academia. Problematically, the urban food security literature often focuses on one element of the food system without giving due attention to other components of the system. Resultantly, broader systemic failures and the dynamics related to the different actors across the system-elements are missed. There has thus been recent calls to embrace urban governance in studying urban food systems, which this study does. The thesis examines the urban food system in Bulawayo (in Zimbabwe) with specific reference to urban governance and household food security to understand sociologically the complex multi-dimensional processes, structures, systems, and practices underpinning the urban food system. As a result of the complex nature of food systems, an eclectic analytical framework is employed encompassing Obeng Odoom’s DED framework, Clapp and Fuchs’ framework of power, Gaventa’s power cube and theories of everyday life derived from de Certeau and Lefebvre. Methodologically, the study is informed by a Critical Realism paradigm which accommodates the convergent mixed methods research design employed. The research strategy employed was that of a survey and case study. Key findings reveal that the Bulawayo food system, from production to consumption, is complex and is nested within broader national and international food systems. Although without a direct and explicit mandate on food security, the local authority is at the centre of urban governance processes as it employs a plethora of strategies to influence the nature of the food system. However, the study reveals that the food system is as much a construction from below through the agential activities of the urban poor. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Humanities, Sociology, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-10-14
- Authors: Maphosa, Mandlenkosi
- Date: 2022-10-14
- Subjects: Food security Zimbabwe Bulawayo , City planning Government policy Zimbabwe Bulawayo , Urban poor Zimbabwe Bulawayo , Urban agriculture Zimbabwe Bulawayo , COVID-19 (Disease) Zimbabwe Bulawayo , Agent (Philosophy)
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/327165 , vital:61087 , DOI 10.21504/10962/327165
- Description: Urbanisation is occurring on a massive scale globally and even more so in the less developed regions of the Global South including sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Like other developing regions of the world, urbanisation in SSA is not occurring alongside a corresponding growth in urban economies. Resultantly, it is taking place in tandem with the rising scourge of urban poverty, including food insecurity. While urban food insecurity is a clear challenge in SSA, the challenge has however not been met with equal vigour in policy making and implementation circles and even in academia. Problematically, the urban food security literature often focuses on one element of the food system without giving due attention to other components of the system. Resultantly, broader systemic failures and the dynamics related to the different actors across the system-elements are missed. There has thus been recent calls to embrace urban governance in studying urban food systems, which this study does. The thesis examines the urban food system in Bulawayo (in Zimbabwe) with specific reference to urban governance and household food security to understand sociologically the complex multi-dimensional processes, structures, systems, and practices underpinning the urban food system. As a result of the complex nature of food systems, an eclectic analytical framework is employed encompassing Obeng Odoom’s DED framework, Clapp and Fuchs’ framework of power, Gaventa’s power cube and theories of everyday life derived from de Certeau and Lefebvre. Methodologically, the study is informed by a Critical Realism paradigm which accommodates the convergent mixed methods research design employed. The research strategy employed was that of a survey and case study. Key findings reveal that the Bulawayo food system, from production to consumption, is complex and is nested within broader national and international food systems. Although without a direct and explicit mandate on food security, the local authority is at the centre of urban governance processes as it employs a plethora of strategies to influence the nature of the food system. However, the study reveals that the food system is as much a construction from below through the agential activities of the urban poor. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Humanities, Sociology, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-10-14
A multimodal analysis of the representation of voter disillusionment in social media memes distributed on Twitter in the lead up to the 2019 South African general election
- Authors: Jeftha, Courtney Alexandra
- Date: 2022-10-14
- Subjects: Elections South Africa 21st century , Culture Study and teaching South Africa , Mass media Study and teaching South Africa , Social media South Africa , Memes South Africa , Visual sociology , Textual Analysis , Critical discourse analysis , Modality (Linguistics)
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/405930 , vital:70220
- Description: This study is situated in the context of the 2019 South African general election, which saw the lowest voter turnout since its first democratic election in 1994. Many have questioned the capabilities of the African National Congress (ANC) since they came into power in 1994, due to allegations of corruption, maladministration and poor leadership. The concerns about the party’s ability to manage the country’s various social issues have led to a drop in voter turnout. There was much discussion in the media about the lack of voter turnout amongst young people in South Africa. This topic became a trending topic on social media under the #iwanttovotebut hashtag. The sentiments expressed by South African Twitter users in the #iwanttovotebut memes are explored in this study. The analysis of the memes draws on the works of Kress and van Leeuwen’s (1996; 2006) visual social semiotics, Fairclough’s (1989) approach to Critical discourse analysis (CDA), and Thompson’s operation of ideologies. VSS allows for the description of the various semiotic resources that memers use to construct their meaning from multimodal texts. The tools provided by CDA go beyond the description of VSS and develop a more detailed analysis of how the memers construct their discourses of democracy/governance. Thompson’s (1991) approach to understanding how ideology operates in language enables the deepening of the understanding of the dominant and naturalised notions of democracy/governance. The findings indicate that memers have a limited understanding of democracy. They also have a limited understanding of how political parties operate and their responsibilities in the form of government and various agencies. In addition, it is not surprising that young people are not voting in the 2019 general election. This is a phenomenon that the media has characterized as “apathy.” However, this research indicates that it would be more accurate to describe it as “disillusionment.” , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Journalism and Media Studies, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-10-14
- Authors: Jeftha, Courtney Alexandra
- Date: 2022-10-14
- Subjects: Elections South Africa 21st century , Culture Study and teaching South Africa , Mass media Study and teaching South Africa , Social media South Africa , Memes South Africa , Visual sociology , Textual Analysis , Critical discourse analysis , Modality (Linguistics)
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/405930 , vital:70220
- Description: This study is situated in the context of the 2019 South African general election, which saw the lowest voter turnout since its first democratic election in 1994. Many have questioned the capabilities of the African National Congress (ANC) since they came into power in 1994, due to allegations of corruption, maladministration and poor leadership. The concerns about the party’s ability to manage the country’s various social issues have led to a drop in voter turnout. There was much discussion in the media about the lack of voter turnout amongst young people in South Africa. This topic became a trending topic on social media under the #iwanttovotebut hashtag. The sentiments expressed by South African Twitter users in the #iwanttovotebut memes are explored in this study. The analysis of the memes draws on the works of Kress and van Leeuwen’s (1996; 2006) visual social semiotics, Fairclough’s (1989) approach to Critical discourse analysis (CDA), and Thompson’s operation of ideologies. VSS allows for the description of the various semiotic resources that memers use to construct their meaning from multimodal texts. The tools provided by CDA go beyond the description of VSS and develop a more detailed analysis of how the memers construct their discourses of democracy/governance. Thompson’s (1991) approach to understanding how ideology operates in language enables the deepening of the understanding of the dominant and naturalised notions of democracy/governance. The findings indicate that memers have a limited understanding of democracy. They also have a limited understanding of how political parties operate and their responsibilities in the form of government and various agencies. In addition, it is not surprising that young people are not voting in the 2019 general election. This is a phenomenon that the media has characterized as “apathy.” However, this research indicates that it would be more accurate to describe it as “disillusionment.” , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Journalism and Media Studies, 2022
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- Date Issued: 2022-10-14
A nasty chamber
- Authors: Jwara, Fortunate
- Date: 2022-10-14
- Subjects: Creative writing (Higher education) South Africa , South African fiction (English) 21st century
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/406262 , vital:70253
- Description: Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Languages and Literatures, 2022
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- Date Issued: 2022-10-14
- Authors: Jwara, Fortunate
- Date: 2022-10-14
- Subjects: Creative writing (Higher education) South Africa , South African fiction (English) 21st century
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/406262 , vital:70253
- Description: Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Languages and Literatures, 2022
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- Date Issued: 2022-10-14
A psycholinguistic investigation of orthographic neighbourhood effects in reading and spelling in isiXhosa
- Authors: Cox, Paige Samantha
- Date: 2022-10-14
- Subjects: Literacy , Xhosa language Orthography and spelling , Psycholinguistics , Word recognition , Reading , Orthographic neighbourhood effects
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/404916 , vital:70121
- Description: Despite increased research interest in recent years in the metalinguistic skills underpinning reading in the Southern Bantu languages, little work has been done on the underlying microlinguistic layer. This refers to the actual mechanical underpinnings of linguistic skills; zooming in on micro-language structures so as to explicate our understanding of how reading works. One such microlinguistic phenomenon is the effect of orthographic neighbours on reading and writing. Research has found predominantly faciliatory neighbourhood effects for English word reading (Andrews, 1997; Siakaluk, Sears & Lupker, 2002; Yarkoni, Balota & Yap, 2008). Specifically, words with more orthographic neighbours have faster response times in lexical decision and naming tasks. However, in languages such as Spanish and French, inhibitory neighbourhood effects are reported (Grainger & Jacobs, 1996; Carreiras, Perea & Grainger, 1997). These findings highlight the language-specific nature of orthographic neighbourhood effects (Andrews, 1997), and the necessity for language- specific investigations of these effects. This thesis investigates the linguistic properties of orthographic neighbours in isiXhosa, thereby developing a database of orthographic neighbourhoods in isiXhosa. Further, this research explores the interaction between orthographic neighbourhood density and neighbourhood frequency with three literacy skills: lexical decision response time, word reading accuracy, and spelling accuracy. Data were collected from 97 isiXhosa grade three learners from five schools in KwaNobuhle Township in the Eastern Cape. A corpus of 170 000 tokens of isiXhosa words (Rees & Randera, 2017) was used to compile a database of orthographic neighbourhoods for 30 real, and 30 pseudowords which ranged in orthographic neighbourhood density and neighbourhood frequency, whilst controlling for word length and word frequency. Using this database, lexical decision, word reading, and spelling tasks were designed and administered to the participants. Findings indicate a significant inhibitory effect of orthographic neighbourhood frequency on spelling accuracy. Words with high neighbourhood frequencies are more likely to be spelt incorrectly. There was no observed effect of orthographic neighbourhoods on lexical decision response time and word reading accuracy. These results are interpreted within connectionist and search models of orthographic processing. Specifically, the findings indicate a partial reliance on lexical processing strategies when spelling. That is, orthographic neighbours compete for lexical access when spelling. Education practitioners may wish to present learners with lists of orthographic neighbours when introducing novel words so as to make explicit the fine grain differences between words in the language. This also means that future research will need to develop a larger repository of orthographic neighbours in isiXhosa that can be made available for pedagogical purposes. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, 2023
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- Date Issued: 2022-10-14
- Authors: Cox, Paige Samantha
- Date: 2022-10-14
- Subjects: Literacy , Xhosa language Orthography and spelling , Psycholinguistics , Word recognition , Reading , Orthographic neighbourhood effects
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/404916 , vital:70121
- Description: Despite increased research interest in recent years in the metalinguistic skills underpinning reading in the Southern Bantu languages, little work has been done on the underlying microlinguistic layer. This refers to the actual mechanical underpinnings of linguistic skills; zooming in on micro-language structures so as to explicate our understanding of how reading works. One such microlinguistic phenomenon is the effect of orthographic neighbours on reading and writing. Research has found predominantly faciliatory neighbourhood effects for English word reading (Andrews, 1997; Siakaluk, Sears & Lupker, 2002; Yarkoni, Balota & Yap, 2008). Specifically, words with more orthographic neighbours have faster response times in lexical decision and naming tasks. However, in languages such as Spanish and French, inhibitory neighbourhood effects are reported (Grainger & Jacobs, 1996; Carreiras, Perea & Grainger, 1997). These findings highlight the language-specific nature of orthographic neighbourhood effects (Andrews, 1997), and the necessity for language- specific investigations of these effects. This thesis investigates the linguistic properties of orthographic neighbours in isiXhosa, thereby developing a database of orthographic neighbourhoods in isiXhosa. Further, this research explores the interaction between orthographic neighbourhood density and neighbourhood frequency with three literacy skills: lexical decision response time, word reading accuracy, and spelling accuracy. Data were collected from 97 isiXhosa grade three learners from five schools in KwaNobuhle Township in the Eastern Cape. A corpus of 170 000 tokens of isiXhosa words (Rees & Randera, 2017) was used to compile a database of orthographic neighbourhoods for 30 real, and 30 pseudowords which ranged in orthographic neighbourhood density and neighbourhood frequency, whilst controlling for word length and word frequency. Using this database, lexical decision, word reading, and spelling tasks were designed and administered to the participants. Findings indicate a significant inhibitory effect of orthographic neighbourhood frequency on spelling accuracy. Words with high neighbourhood frequencies are more likely to be spelt incorrectly. There was no observed effect of orthographic neighbourhoods on lexical decision response time and word reading accuracy. These results are interpreted within connectionist and search models of orthographic processing. Specifically, the findings indicate a partial reliance on lexical processing strategies when spelling. That is, orthographic neighbours compete for lexical access when spelling. Education practitioners may wish to present learners with lists of orthographic neighbours when introducing novel words so as to make explicit the fine grain differences between words in the language. This also means that future research will need to develop a larger repository of orthographic neighbours in isiXhosa that can be made available for pedagogical purposes. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, 2023
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- Date Issued: 2022-10-14
A review of the Siyakhula Living Lab’s network solution for Internet in marginalized communities
- Muchatibaya, Hilbert Munashe
- Authors: Muchatibaya, Hilbert Munashe
- Date: 2022-10-14
- Subjects: Information and communication technologies for development , Information technology South Africa , Access network , User experience , Local area networks (Computer networks) South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/364943 , vital:65664
- Description: Changes within Information and Communication Technology (ICT) over the past decade required a review of the network layer component deployed in the Siyakhula Living Lab (SLL), a long-term joint venture between the Telkom Centres of Excellence hosted at University of Fort Hare and Rhodes University in South Africa. The SLL overall solution for the sustainable internet in poor communities consists of three main components – the computing infrastructure layer, the network layer, and the e-services layer. At the core of the network layer is the concept of BI, a high-speed local area network realized through easy-to deploy wireless technologies that establish point-to-multipoint connections among schools within a limited geographical area. Schools within the broadband island become then Digital Access Nodes (DANs), with computing infrastructure that provides access to the network. The review, reported in this thesis, aimed at determining whether the model for the network layer was still able to meet the needs of marginalized communities in South Africa, given the recent changes in ICT. The research work used the living lab methodology – a grassroots, user-driven approach that emphasizes co-creation between the beneficiaries and external entities (researchers, industry partners and the government) - to do viability tests on the solution for the network component. The viability tests included lab and field experiments, to produce the qualitative and quantitative data needed to propose an updated blueprint. The results of the review found that the network topology used in the SLL’s network, the BI, is still viable, while WiMAX is now outdated. Also, the in-network web cache, Squid, is no longer effective, given the switch to HTTPS and the pervasive presence of advertising. The solution to the first issue is outdoor Wi-Fi, a proven solution easily deployable in grass-roots fashion. The second issue can be mitigated by leveraging Squid’s ‘bumping’ and splicing features; deploying a browser extension to make picture download optional; and using Pihole, a DNS sinkhole. Hopefully, the revised solution could become a component of South African Government’s broadband plan, “SA Connect”. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Computer Science, 2022
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- Date Issued: 2022-10-14
- Authors: Muchatibaya, Hilbert Munashe
- Date: 2022-10-14
- Subjects: Information and communication technologies for development , Information technology South Africa , Access network , User experience , Local area networks (Computer networks) South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/364943 , vital:65664
- Description: Changes within Information and Communication Technology (ICT) over the past decade required a review of the network layer component deployed in the Siyakhula Living Lab (SLL), a long-term joint venture between the Telkom Centres of Excellence hosted at University of Fort Hare and Rhodes University in South Africa. The SLL overall solution for the sustainable internet in poor communities consists of three main components – the computing infrastructure layer, the network layer, and the e-services layer. At the core of the network layer is the concept of BI, a high-speed local area network realized through easy-to deploy wireless technologies that establish point-to-multipoint connections among schools within a limited geographical area. Schools within the broadband island become then Digital Access Nodes (DANs), with computing infrastructure that provides access to the network. The review, reported in this thesis, aimed at determining whether the model for the network layer was still able to meet the needs of marginalized communities in South Africa, given the recent changes in ICT. The research work used the living lab methodology – a grassroots, user-driven approach that emphasizes co-creation between the beneficiaries and external entities (researchers, industry partners and the government) - to do viability tests on the solution for the network component. The viability tests included lab and field experiments, to produce the qualitative and quantitative data needed to propose an updated blueprint. The results of the review found that the network topology used in the SLL’s network, the BI, is still viable, while WiMAX is now outdated. Also, the in-network web cache, Squid, is no longer effective, given the switch to HTTPS and the pervasive presence of advertising. The solution to the first issue is outdoor Wi-Fi, a proven solution easily deployable in grass-roots fashion. The second issue can be mitigated by leveraging Squid’s ‘bumping’ and splicing features; deploying a browser extension to make picture download optional; and using Pihole, a DNS sinkhole. Hopefully, the revised solution could become a component of South African Government’s broadband plan, “SA Connect”. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Computer Science, 2022
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- Date Issued: 2022-10-14
A sea is brewing
- Authors: Mama, Sibongakonke
- Date: 2022-10-14
- Subjects: Creative writing (Higher education) South Africa , Xhosa poetry 21st century , South African poetry (English) 21st century , Psychic trauma in literature , Women in literature , Diaries -- Authorship , Books Reviews
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/406281 , vital:70255
- Description: My thesis is a collection of poems that draws on the complexity of not belonging in places, with people, or within families. I engage my own alienation as well as that of my parents, black people generally, and women in particular. I take inspiration from Uruguayan poet Fabián Severo’s autobiographical long poem, Night in the North, which chronicles the poet’s experience of growing up in linguistic and cultural borderlands. I am also influenced by Chilean poet Carmen García’s ability to move between the concrete and the abstract in translations of her poems from the collection Gotas sobre loza fría. As much as my poems traverse a metaphysical space, they are also set in concrete places – Tutura, Gcuwa, Johannesburg, and Cape Town. Like Chilean artist Cecilia Vicuña’s Spit Temple, I move between the physical and spiritual realms for a better understanding of my estrangement. I also draw on South African poet Mangaliso Buzani’s book, a naked bone, for its fluid combination of line and prose poetry. I write in isiXhosa and English as a reflection of my mixed cultural and linguistic existence. I seek to harness rhythm and harmony, as well as the quiet, between words. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Languages and Literatures, 2022
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- Date Issued: 2022-10-14
- Authors: Mama, Sibongakonke
- Date: 2022-10-14
- Subjects: Creative writing (Higher education) South Africa , Xhosa poetry 21st century , South African poetry (English) 21st century , Psychic trauma in literature , Women in literature , Diaries -- Authorship , Books Reviews
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/406281 , vital:70255
- Description: My thesis is a collection of poems that draws on the complexity of not belonging in places, with people, or within families. I engage my own alienation as well as that of my parents, black people generally, and women in particular. I take inspiration from Uruguayan poet Fabián Severo’s autobiographical long poem, Night in the North, which chronicles the poet’s experience of growing up in linguistic and cultural borderlands. I am also influenced by Chilean poet Carmen García’s ability to move between the concrete and the abstract in translations of her poems from the collection Gotas sobre loza fría. As much as my poems traverse a metaphysical space, they are also set in concrete places – Tutura, Gcuwa, Johannesburg, and Cape Town. Like Chilean artist Cecilia Vicuña’s Spit Temple, I move between the physical and spiritual realms for a better understanding of my estrangement. I also draw on South African poet Mangaliso Buzani’s book, a naked bone, for its fluid combination of line and prose poetry. I write in isiXhosa and English as a reflection of my mixed cultural and linguistic existence. I seek to harness rhythm and harmony, as well as the quiet, between words. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Languages and Literatures, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-10-14