Fuelwood preferences, use and availability in the #Khomani San resettlement farms, southern Kalahari, South Africa
- Nott, Michelle, Thondhlana, Gladman
- Authors: Nott, Michelle , Thondhlana, Gladman
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67667 , vital:29127 , https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2017.1294507
- Description: Publisher version , Local level assessments of fuelwood preferences, demand and supply are important for ensuring a balance between ecological functions and livelihood needs. This study reports on an examination of fuelwood preferences, use and abundance in the #Khomani San resettlement farms in southern Kalahari, South Africa. The results show that Acacia erioloba was the most preferred fuelwood species, while Acacia mellifera was abundant but avoided. Across the study area, there were approximately 64 trees ha−1 but riverine sites had significantly more trees (approximately 80 trees ha−1) than non-riverine sites (48 trees ha−1). Live trees showed evidence of damage (cutting or breaking) and this was more pronounced in the riverine sites (close to human settlement) than in the non-riverine sites. However, overall current woody stocks and productivity rates of harvestable fuelwood are well above current fuelwood demand, suggesting fuelwood use may be within sustainable limits, though there is evidence of localised fuelwood depletion. The implications of these results for fuelwood management interventions, including the importance of context, are discussed.
- Full Text: false
- Authors: Nott, Michelle , Thondhlana, Gladman
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67667 , vital:29127 , https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2017.1294507
- Description: Publisher version , Local level assessments of fuelwood preferences, demand and supply are important for ensuring a balance between ecological functions and livelihood needs. This study reports on an examination of fuelwood preferences, use and abundance in the #Khomani San resettlement farms in southern Kalahari, South Africa. The results show that Acacia erioloba was the most preferred fuelwood species, while Acacia mellifera was abundant but avoided. Across the study area, there were approximately 64 trees ha−1 but riverine sites had significantly more trees (approximately 80 trees ha−1) than non-riverine sites (48 trees ha−1). Live trees showed evidence of damage (cutting or breaking) and this was more pronounced in the riverine sites (close to human settlement) than in the non-riverine sites. However, overall current woody stocks and productivity rates of harvestable fuelwood are well above current fuelwood demand, suggesting fuelwood use may be within sustainable limits, though there is evidence of localised fuelwood depletion. The implications of these results for fuelwood management interventions, including the importance of context, are discussed.
- Full Text: false
A case study of the opportunities and trade-offs associated with deproclamation of a protected area following a land claim in South Africa
- Krüger, Ruth, Cundill, Georgina, Thondhlana, Gladman
- Authors: Krüger, Ruth , Cundill, Georgina , Thondhlana, Gladman
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67791 , vital:29145 , https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2015.1065804
- Description: Publisher version , Reconciling conservation and social justice imperatives is a major challenge facing many postcolonial states worldwide. Where historically disenfranchised communities have laid legal claim to protected areas, the typical resolution has been collaborative management agreements between the state and claimant communities. The real outcomes of such strategies for people and ecosystems have been seriously questioned, although alternative approaches are seldom explored. Here, we reflect on one such alternative that was pursued in a case in South Africa, where the land was handed back to the community and a replacement protected area created. Our objective was to explore the opportunities and trade-offs associated with this approach for communities and conservation agencies alike, and to compare these to typical collaborative management outcomes. Methods included key informant interviews, focus group discussions and household surveys. We find that, surprisingly, this approach created more benefits for the conservation agency than for claimant communities. Indeed, the community experiences bore a striking resemblance to those experienced in collaborative management settings: intra-community conflict, confusion over leadership and serious questions about the boundaries of the “community”. Processes aimed at redressing past injustice in disputes over conservation land, regardless of the approach adopted, must bring with them a strong commitment to building institutional and leadership capacities within communities, and pay serious attention to the ways in which equity and social justice can be fostered after the settlement of a land claim. Settlement agreements are frequently treated as the final step towards social justice, but are in fact just the beginning.
- Full Text: false
- Authors: Krüger, Ruth , Cundill, Georgina , Thondhlana, Gladman
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67791 , vital:29145 , https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2015.1065804
- Description: Publisher version , Reconciling conservation and social justice imperatives is a major challenge facing many postcolonial states worldwide. Where historically disenfranchised communities have laid legal claim to protected areas, the typical resolution has been collaborative management agreements between the state and claimant communities. The real outcomes of such strategies for people and ecosystems have been seriously questioned, although alternative approaches are seldom explored. Here, we reflect on one such alternative that was pursued in a case in South Africa, where the land was handed back to the community and a replacement protected area created. Our objective was to explore the opportunities and trade-offs associated with this approach for communities and conservation agencies alike, and to compare these to typical collaborative management outcomes. Methods included key informant interviews, focus group discussions and household surveys. We find that, surprisingly, this approach created more benefits for the conservation agency than for claimant communities. Indeed, the community experiences bore a striking resemblance to those experienced in collaborative management settings: intra-community conflict, confusion over leadership and serious questions about the boundaries of the “community”. Processes aimed at redressing past injustice in disputes over conservation land, regardless of the approach adopted, must bring with them a strong commitment to building institutional and leadership capacities within communities, and pay serious attention to the ways in which equity and social justice can be fostered after the settlement of a land claim. Settlement agreements are frequently treated as the final step towards social justice, but are in fact just the beginning.
- Full Text: false
An analysis of how students construct knowledge in a course with a hierarchical knowledge structure
- Authors: Myers, Peta L
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/66995 , vital:29014 , https://doi.org/10.1080/10291954.2016.1196528
- Description: publisher version , Passing the introductory accounting semester is often seen as a challenge for first year students. Being aware of both effective and ineffective ways of constructing knowledge in a discipline with a hierarchical knowledge structure will be of value to students and teachers alike in assisting in the development of effective styles of learning. This article, which is part of a larger body of research, analyses how students in an introductory financial accounting class at Rhodes University constructed knowledge. Previous research described the course as having a hierarchical knowledge structure. In this research, first year accounting students at Rhodes University were interviewed to gain an improved understanding of how they constructed knowledge in this course. This article describes how students who were successful in passing this semester course used similar, effective ways of constructing knowledge, while students who were not successful also employed similar but less effective ways of constructing knowledge. These different ways of constructing knowledge, both effective and ineffective, were analysed, using the Bernstein’s pedagogic device and Maton’s Legitimation Code Theory. This article provides those involved in teaching and learning in a discipline with a hierarchical knowledge structure, with a theoretical explanation of why some methods of constructing knowledge are more effective than others. Understanding and being explicit about more (and less) effective ways of constructing knowledge in a course with a hierarchical knowledge structure can guide those involved in teaching and learning to improve results.
- Full Text: false
- Authors: Myers, Peta L
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/66995 , vital:29014 , https://doi.org/10.1080/10291954.2016.1196528
- Description: publisher version , Passing the introductory accounting semester is often seen as a challenge for first year students. Being aware of both effective and ineffective ways of constructing knowledge in a discipline with a hierarchical knowledge structure will be of value to students and teachers alike in assisting in the development of effective styles of learning. This article, which is part of a larger body of research, analyses how students in an introductory financial accounting class at Rhodes University constructed knowledge. Previous research described the course as having a hierarchical knowledge structure. In this research, first year accounting students at Rhodes University were interviewed to gain an improved understanding of how they constructed knowledge in this course. This article describes how students who were successful in passing this semester course used similar, effective ways of constructing knowledge, while students who were not successful also employed similar but less effective ways of constructing knowledge. These different ways of constructing knowledge, both effective and ineffective, were analysed, using the Bernstein’s pedagogic device and Maton’s Legitimation Code Theory. This article provides those involved in teaching and learning in a discipline with a hierarchical knowledge structure, with a theoretical explanation of why some methods of constructing knowledge are more effective than others. Understanding and being explicit about more (and less) effective ways of constructing knowledge in a course with a hierarchical knowledge structure can guide those involved in teaching and learning to improve results.
- Full Text: false
Co-management, land rights, and conflicts around South Africa’s Silaka Nature Reserve
- Thondhlana, Gladman, Cundill, Georgina, Kepe, Thembele
- Authors: Thondhlana, Gladman , Cundill, Georgina , Kepe, Thembele
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67781 , vital:29144 , https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2015.1089609
- Description: Publisher version , Globally, co-management of protected areas (PAs) offers promise in efforts to achieve ecological integrity and livelihood needs. Most co-management agreements are premised on joint decision making in defining equitable sharing of benefits from and the management responsibilities for natural resource management. However, co-managed PAs are often conflict ridden. The forceful closure of Silaka Nature Reserve in South Africa in 2013 by a local community epitomizes the conflicts that can emerge in co-management arrangements. Using Silaka Reserve as a case study, we ask questions related to the meaning of land to local people, with an interrogative focus beyond “material benefits” in co-management discourse. The results of this study show that apart from nonaccrual of material benefits, conflicts arise from nonrecognition of nonmaterial aspects such as cultural values of and historical attachment to land and limited involvement of land claimants in decision making. The implications for co-management as a desired outcome on settled land claims are discussed.
- Full Text: false
- Authors: Thondhlana, Gladman , Cundill, Georgina , Kepe, Thembele
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67781 , vital:29144 , https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2015.1089609
- Description: Publisher version , Globally, co-management of protected areas (PAs) offers promise in efforts to achieve ecological integrity and livelihood needs. Most co-management agreements are premised on joint decision making in defining equitable sharing of benefits from and the management responsibilities for natural resource management. However, co-managed PAs are often conflict ridden. The forceful closure of Silaka Nature Reserve in South Africa in 2013 by a local community epitomizes the conflicts that can emerge in co-management arrangements. Using Silaka Reserve as a case study, we ask questions related to the meaning of land to local people, with an interrogative focus beyond “material benefits” in co-management discourse. The results of this study show that apart from nonaccrual of material benefits, conflicts arise from nonrecognition of nonmaterial aspects such as cultural values of and historical attachment to land and limited involvement of land claimants in decision making. The implications for co-management as a desired outcome on settled land claims are discussed.
- Full Text: false
Film production incentives, employment transformation and domestic expenditure in South Africa: visualizing subsidy effectiveness
- Collins, Alan, Ishizaka, Alessio, Snowball, Jeanette D
- Authors: Collins, Alan , Ishizaka, Alessio , Snowball, Jeanette D
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67456 , vital:29094 , https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2016.1255206
- Description: Publisher version , In 2004 the South African Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) introduced a Film and Television Production Rebate Programme. In order to qualify for the rebate, certain criteria have to be met including success in job creation and skills development within the industry, alongside a particular focus on the percentage of ‘historically disadvantaged individuals’ employed. This study sets out the issues associated with evaluating success in meeting these various criteria and is, to the best of our knowledge, the first study to apply multi-criteria visualization techniques to inform the evaluation of public subsidy effectiveness. The ‘PROMETHEE’ method is applied and apart from presenting project performance in a visually intuitive manner, the approach helps to clarify patterns of relative success, show where policy objectives are competing, and to identify project exemplars for more efficiently guiding future public support in the sector.
- Full Text: false
- Authors: Collins, Alan , Ishizaka, Alessio , Snowball, Jeanette D
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67456 , vital:29094 , https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2016.1255206
- Description: Publisher version , In 2004 the South African Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) introduced a Film and Television Production Rebate Programme. In order to qualify for the rebate, certain criteria have to be met including success in job creation and skills development within the industry, alongside a particular focus on the percentage of ‘historically disadvantaged individuals’ employed. This study sets out the issues associated with evaluating success in meeting these various criteria and is, to the best of our knowledge, the first study to apply multi-criteria visualization techniques to inform the evaluation of public subsidy effectiveness. The ‘PROMETHEE’ method is applied and apart from presenting project performance in a visually intuitive manner, the approach helps to clarify patterns of relative success, show where policy objectives are competing, and to identify project exemplars for more efficiently guiding future public support in the sector.
- Full Text: false
Knowledge structures and their relevance for teaching and learning in Introductory Financial Accounting
- Authors: Myers, Peta L
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: vital:21107 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/6413 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10291954.2015.1099215
- Description: The structure of knowledge within a discipline has implications for the teaching and learning within the discipline. This research examines how the hierarchical knowledge structure of Accounting impacts on the teaching and learning which takes place in a first semester Introductory Financial Accounting course. Students used on-line questionnaires and interviews to explain how they engaged with the discipline and difficulties which they experienced during the semester. Bernstein's pedagogic Device and Maton's Legitimation Code Theory were used to analyse the structure of knowledge within the discipline and as theoretical lenses through which to view these students' perceptions. The research provides a theoretical explanation for the impact that a hierarchical knowledge structure has on teaching and learning within the discipline; how students need to develop a 'trained gaze' and thereby gain mastery over the 'procedures of investigation' to be able to produce the 'legitimate text' required for success in the course. The research also explains why some students experience a 'code clash' and the implications this has for their success in the discipline. Other pedagogical difficulties which were experienced by these students, as a result of the hierarchical knowledge structure within the discipline, are also discussed. In addition to providing a better understanding of the phenomena that drive or hinder student learning, which could contribute towards improving pedagogy and hence student learning, theorising these concepts provides a common language to enable more informed debate on these issues.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Myers, Peta L
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: vital:21107 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/6413 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10291954.2015.1099215
- Description: The structure of knowledge within a discipline has implications for the teaching and learning within the discipline. This research examines how the hierarchical knowledge structure of Accounting impacts on the teaching and learning which takes place in a first semester Introductory Financial Accounting course. Students used on-line questionnaires and interviews to explain how they engaged with the discipline and difficulties which they experienced during the semester. Bernstein's pedagogic Device and Maton's Legitimation Code Theory were used to analyse the structure of knowledge within the discipline and as theoretical lenses through which to view these students' perceptions. The research provides a theoretical explanation for the impact that a hierarchical knowledge structure has on teaching and learning within the discipline; how students need to develop a 'trained gaze' and thereby gain mastery over the 'procedures of investigation' to be able to produce the 'legitimate text' required for success in the course. The research also explains why some students experience a 'code clash' and the implications this has for their success in the discipline. Other pedagogical difficulties which were experienced by these students, as a result of the hierarchical knowledge structure within the discipline, are also discussed. In addition to providing a better understanding of the phenomena that drive or hinder student learning, which could contribute towards improving pedagogy and hence student learning, theorising these concepts provides a common language to enable more informed debate on these issues.
- Full Text:
Mercaptopyridine-substituted indium, zinc, and metal-free phthalocyanines: nonlinear optical studies in solution and on polymer matrices
- Bankole, Owolabi M, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Bankole, Owolabi M , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7278 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020313
- Description: In this article, the nonlinear optical characterizations and optical limiting properties of metal-free (2), zinc (3), and indium (4) tetra 4-(2-mercaptopyridine) phthalocyanines are discussed. Nonlinear optical properties of the samples were evaluated using Z-scan at 532 nm and 10 ns pulse in CHCl3, and doped on poly(bisphenol A carbonate) (PBC) thin films. Thin films for 2, 3, and 4 are represented as 2-PBC, 3-PBC, and 4-PBC, respectively. We observed two-photon absorption (2PA) and strong reverse saturable absorption as the dominant mechanisms at nanosecond laser excitation in solution and thin films. By virtue of the magnitude of absorption coefficients and other nonlinear optical parameters estimated in this work, sample 4 was found to exhibit strongest nonlinear optical properties followed by 3, while 2 is the weakest nonlinear absorber of the studied samples. Large third-order susceptibility (1.46 × 10−9 esu and 7.74 × 10−10 esu) and hyperpolarizability (2.13 × 10−28 and 8.37 × 10−29 esu) were estimated for 4-PBC and 3-PBC, respectively. Our studies show that these molecules are suitable candidates for practical passive optical limiters. , Original publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00958972.2015.1077237
- Full Text: false
- Authors: Bankole, Owolabi M , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7278 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020313
- Description: In this article, the nonlinear optical characterizations and optical limiting properties of metal-free (2), zinc (3), and indium (4) tetra 4-(2-mercaptopyridine) phthalocyanines are discussed. Nonlinear optical properties of the samples were evaluated using Z-scan at 532 nm and 10 ns pulse in CHCl3, and doped on poly(bisphenol A carbonate) (PBC) thin films. Thin films for 2, 3, and 4 are represented as 2-PBC, 3-PBC, and 4-PBC, respectively. We observed two-photon absorption (2PA) and strong reverse saturable absorption as the dominant mechanisms at nanosecond laser excitation in solution and thin films. By virtue of the magnitude of absorption coefficients and other nonlinear optical parameters estimated in this work, sample 4 was found to exhibit strongest nonlinear optical properties followed by 3, while 2 is the weakest nonlinear absorber of the studied samples. Large third-order susceptibility (1.46 × 10−9 esu and 7.74 × 10−10 esu) and hyperpolarizability (2.13 × 10−28 and 8.37 × 10−29 esu) were estimated for 4-PBC and 3-PBC, respectively. Our studies show that these molecules are suitable candidates for practical passive optical limiters. , Original publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00958972.2015.1077237
- Full Text: false
Public foetal images and the regulation of middle-class pregnancy in the online media : a view from South Africa
- Macleod, Catriona I, Howell, Simon
- Authors: Macleod, Catriona I , Howell, Simon
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6307 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018803 , http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13691058.2015.1046138
- Description: Ultrasonography images and their derivatives have been taken up in a range of ‘public’ spaces, including medical textbooks, the media, anti-abortion material, advertising, the Internet and public health facilities. Feminists have critiqued the personification of the foetus, the bifurcation of the woman’s body and the reduction of the pregnant woman to a disembodied womb. What has received less attention is how these images frequently intersect with race, class, gender and heteronormativity in the creation of idealised and normative understandings of pregnancy. This paper focuses on the discursive positioning of pregnant women as ‘mothers’ and foetuses as ‘babies’ in online media targeted at a South African audience, where race and class continue to intersect in complex ways. We show how the ontologically specific understandings of ‘mummies’ and ‘babies’ emerge through the use of foetal images to construct specific understandings of the ‘ideal’ pregnancy. In the process, pregnant women are made responsible for ensuring that their pregnancy conforms to these ideals, which includes the purchasing of the various goods advertised by the websites. Not only does this point to a commodification of pregnancy, but also serves to reinforce a cultural understanding of White, middle-class pregnancy as constituting the normative ‘correct’ form of pregnancy. , Full text access on publisher website: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13691058.2015.1046138
- Full Text: false
- Authors: Macleod, Catriona I , Howell, Simon
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6307 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018803 , http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13691058.2015.1046138
- Description: Ultrasonography images and their derivatives have been taken up in a range of ‘public’ spaces, including medical textbooks, the media, anti-abortion material, advertising, the Internet and public health facilities. Feminists have critiqued the personification of the foetus, the bifurcation of the woman’s body and the reduction of the pregnant woman to a disembodied womb. What has received less attention is how these images frequently intersect with race, class, gender and heteronormativity in the creation of idealised and normative understandings of pregnancy. This paper focuses on the discursive positioning of pregnant women as ‘mothers’ and foetuses as ‘babies’ in online media targeted at a South African audience, where race and class continue to intersect in complex ways. We show how the ontologically specific understandings of ‘mummies’ and ‘babies’ emerge through the use of foetal images to construct specific understandings of the ‘ideal’ pregnancy. In the process, pregnant women are made responsible for ensuring that their pregnancy conforms to these ideals, which includes the purchasing of the various goods advertised by the websites. Not only does this point to a commodification of pregnancy, but also serves to reinforce a cultural understanding of White, middle-class pregnancy as constituting the normative ‘correct’ form of pregnancy. , Full text access on publisher website: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13691058.2015.1046138
- Full Text: false
The development of Palladium(II)-specific amine-functionalized silica-based microparticles : adsorption and column separation studies
- Fayemi, Omolola E, Ogunlaja, Adeniyi S, Antunes, Edith M, Nyokong, Tebello, Tshentu, Zenixole R
- Authors: Fayemi, Omolola E , Ogunlaja, Adeniyi S , Antunes, Edith M , Nyokong, Tebello , Tshentu, Zenixole R
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7270 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020285
- Description: The adsorption and separation of platinum(IV) and palladium(II) chlorido species ([PtCl6]2− and [PdCl4]2−) on silica-based microparticles functionalized with ammonium centers based on ethylenediamine (EDA), diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylenetriamine (TETA) and tris-(2-aminoethyl)amine (TAEA) were investigated. The functionalized sorbent materials were characterized using SEM, XPS, BET, and FTIR. The sorbents were used in the batch and column study for adsorption and selective separation of [PtCl62− and PdCl4]2−. The adsorption model for both [PtCl6]2− and [PdCl4]2− on the different sorbent materials fitted the Freundlich isotherm with R2 values > 0.99. The S-TETA sorbent material was palladium(II) specific. Pd(II) loaded on the silica column was recovered using 3% m/v thiourea solution as the eluting agent. Separation of platinum and palladium was achieved by selective stripping of [PtCl6]2− with 0.5 M of NaClO4 in 1.0 M HCl while Pd(II) was eluted with 0.5 M thiourea in 1.0 M HCl. The separation of palladium (Pd) from a mixture containing platinum (Pt), iridium (Ir), and rhodium (Rh) was successful on silica functionalized with triethylenetriamine (TETA) showing specificity for palladium(II) and a loading capacity of 0.27 mg/g. S-TETA showed potential for use in the recovery of palladium from platinum group metals such as from solutions of worn out automobile emission control catalytic convertors and other secondary sources. , Original publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2014.978017
- Full Text: false
- Authors: Fayemi, Omolola E , Ogunlaja, Adeniyi S , Antunes, Edith M , Nyokong, Tebello , Tshentu, Zenixole R
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7270 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020285
- Description: The adsorption and separation of platinum(IV) and palladium(II) chlorido species ([PtCl6]2− and [PdCl4]2−) on silica-based microparticles functionalized with ammonium centers based on ethylenediamine (EDA), diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylenetriamine (TETA) and tris-(2-aminoethyl)amine (TAEA) were investigated. The functionalized sorbent materials were characterized using SEM, XPS, BET, and FTIR. The sorbents were used in the batch and column study for adsorption and selective separation of [PtCl62− and PdCl4]2−. The adsorption model for both [PtCl6]2− and [PdCl4]2− on the different sorbent materials fitted the Freundlich isotherm with R2 values > 0.99. The S-TETA sorbent material was palladium(II) specific. Pd(II) loaded on the silica column was recovered using 3% m/v thiourea solution as the eluting agent. Separation of platinum and palladium was achieved by selective stripping of [PtCl6]2− with 0.5 M of NaClO4 in 1.0 M HCl while Pd(II) was eluted with 0.5 M thiourea in 1.0 M HCl. The separation of palladium (Pd) from a mixture containing platinum (Pt), iridium (Ir), and rhodium (Rh) was successful on silica functionalized with triethylenetriamine (TETA) showing specificity for palladium(II) and a loading capacity of 0.27 mg/g. S-TETA showed potential for use in the recovery of palladium from platinum group metals such as from solutions of worn out automobile emission control catalytic convertors and other secondary sources. , Original publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2014.978017
- Full Text: false
The Development of Palladium(II)-Specific Amine-Functionalized Silica-Based Microparticles: Adsorption and Column Separation Studies
- Fayemi, Omolola E, Ogunlaja, Adeniyi S, Antunes, Edith M, Nyokong, Tebello, Tshentu, Zenixole R
- Authors: Fayemi, Omolola E , Ogunlaja, Adeniyi S , Antunes, Edith M , Nyokong, Tebello , Tshentu, Zenixole R
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7269 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020278
- Description: The adsorption and separation of platinum(IV) and palladium(II) chlorido species ([PtCl6]2− and [PdCl4]2−) on silica-based microparticles functionalized with ammonium centers based on ethylenediamine (EDA), diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylenetriamine (TETA) and tris-(2-aminoethyl)amine (TAEA) were investigated. The functionalized sorbent materials were characterized using SEM, XPS, BET, and FTIR. The sorbents were used in the batch and column study for adsorption and selective separation of [PtCl62− and PdCl4]2−. The adsorption model for both [PtCl6]2− and [PdCl4]2− on the different sorbent materials fitted the Freundlich isotherm with R2 values > 0.99. The S-TETA sorbent material was palladium(II) specific. Pd(II) loaded on the silica column was recovered using 3% m/v thiourea solution as the eluting agent. Separation of platinum and palladium was achieved by selective stripping of [PtCl6]2− with 0.5 M of NaClO4 in 1.0 M HCl while Pd(II) was eluted with 0.5 M thiourea in 1.0 M HCl. The separation of palladium (Pd) from a mixture containing platinum (Pt), iridium (Ir), and rhodium (Rh) was successful on silica functionalized with triethylenetriamine (TETA) showing specificity for palladium(II) and a loading capacity of 0.27 mg/g. S-TETA showed potential for use in the recovery of palladium from platinum group metals such as from solutions of worn out automobile emission control catalytic convertors and other secondary sources. , Original publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2014.978017
- Full Text: false
- Authors: Fayemi, Omolola E , Ogunlaja, Adeniyi S , Antunes, Edith M , Nyokong, Tebello , Tshentu, Zenixole R
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7269 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020278
- Description: The adsorption and separation of platinum(IV) and palladium(II) chlorido species ([PtCl6]2− and [PdCl4]2−) on silica-based microparticles functionalized with ammonium centers based on ethylenediamine (EDA), diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylenetriamine (TETA) and tris-(2-aminoethyl)amine (TAEA) were investigated. The functionalized sorbent materials were characterized using SEM, XPS, BET, and FTIR. The sorbents were used in the batch and column study for adsorption and selective separation of [PtCl62− and PdCl4]2−. The adsorption model for both [PtCl6]2− and [PdCl4]2− on the different sorbent materials fitted the Freundlich isotherm with R2 values > 0.99. The S-TETA sorbent material was palladium(II) specific. Pd(II) loaded on the silica column was recovered using 3% m/v thiourea solution as the eluting agent. Separation of platinum and palladium was achieved by selective stripping of [PtCl6]2− with 0.5 M of NaClO4 in 1.0 M HCl while Pd(II) was eluted with 0.5 M thiourea in 1.0 M HCl. The separation of palladium (Pd) from a mixture containing platinum (Pt), iridium (Ir), and rhodium (Rh) was successful on silica functionalized with triethylenetriamine (TETA) showing specificity for palladium(II) and a loading capacity of 0.27 mg/g. S-TETA showed potential for use in the recovery of palladium from platinum group metals such as from solutions of worn out automobile emission control catalytic convertors and other secondary sources. , Original publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2014.978017
- Full Text: false
Transformation, job creation and subsidies to creative industries: the case of South Africa’s film and television sector
- Collins, Alan, Snowball, Jeanette D
- Authors: Collins, Alan , Snowball, Jeanette D
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67433 , vital:29087 , https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2013.874418
- Description: Pre-print , Many governments have tried to stimulate economic growth via policy on the creative industries. South Africa is no different but additionally has an overarching aim of achieving social and labour market ‘transformation’ to move away from the legacy of the apartheid era. The effectiveness of incentives provided to the film and television sector in South Africa are considered in terms of their stated objectives of job creation, skills and knowledge transfer and the attraction of foreign direct investment. Informed by empirical analysis of incentive scheme data and supplemented by elite interviews with key informants, some specific policy revisions are proposed.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Collins, Alan , Snowball, Jeanette D
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67433 , vital:29087 , https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2013.874418
- Description: Pre-print , Many governments have tried to stimulate economic growth via policy on the creative industries. South Africa is no different but additionally has an overarching aim of achieving social and labour market ‘transformation’ to move away from the legacy of the apartheid era. The effectiveness of incentives provided to the film and television sector in South Africa are considered in terms of their stated objectives of job creation, skills and knowledge transfer and the attraction of foreign direct investment. Informed by empirical analysis of incentive scheme data and supplemented by elite interviews with key informants, some specific policy revisions are proposed.
- Full Text:
Visible light transformation of Rhodamine 6G using tetracarbazole zinc phthalocyanine when embedded in electrospun fibers and in the presence of ZnO and Ag particles
- Khoza, Phindile, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Khoza, Phindile , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7246 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020251
- Description: Herein, we report the photocatalytic transformation of Rhodamine 6G (Rh 6G) using tetracarbazole zinc phthalocyanine (TCbZnPc) when alone or when conjugated with ZnO macroparticles (ZnOMPs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), represented as TCbZnPc–ZnOMPs and TCbZnPc–AgNPs, respectively. The photocatalysts were supported onto electrospun polystyrene fibers. The efficiency of TCbZnPc was improved by the presence of both ZnOMPs and AgNPs. HPLC equipped with UV–vis was used to study phototransformation products. The mechanism of transformation was via the N-de-ethylation of Rh 6G. , Original publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00958972.2015.1013944
- Full Text: false
- Authors: Khoza, Phindile , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7246 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020251
- Description: Herein, we report the photocatalytic transformation of Rhodamine 6G (Rh 6G) using tetracarbazole zinc phthalocyanine (TCbZnPc) when alone or when conjugated with ZnO macroparticles (ZnOMPs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), represented as TCbZnPc–ZnOMPs and TCbZnPc–AgNPs, respectively. The photocatalysts were supported onto electrospun polystyrene fibers. The efficiency of TCbZnPc was improved by the presence of both ZnOMPs and AgNPs. HPLC equipped with UV–vis was used to study phototransformation products. The mechanism of transformation was via the N-de-ethylation of Rh 6G. , Original publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00958972.2015.1013944
- Full Text: false
Effects of pyrene on the photophysical and two-photon absorption-based nonlinear optical properties of indium(III) phthalocyanines
- Sanusi, Kayode, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Sanusi, Kayode , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7314 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020540
- Description: Photophysical and two-photon-dependent nonlinear absorption properties of two chloroindium(III) phthalocyanines bearing pyrene units have been investigated. The tetra- (3) and the tri- (4) pyrene-substituted phthalocyanines exhibit strong triplet absorption with high triplet yields () of 0.79 and 0.83, respectively. The measured nonlinear optical data, such as the two photon absorption cross-sections, the third- and second-order nonlinearities were found to be comparable with those of literature, thus, making the compounds promising candidates for a broad range of nonlinear optical applications. , Original publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00958972.2014.959509
- Full Text: false
- Authors: Sanusi, Kayode , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7314 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020540
- Description: Photophysical and two-photon-dependent nonlinear absorption properties of two chloroindium(III) phthalocyanines bearing pyrene units have been investigated. The tetra- (3) and the tri- (4) pyrene-substituted phthalocyanines exhibit strong triplet absorption with high triplet yields () of 0.79 and 0.83, respectively. The measured nonlinear optical data, such as the two photon absorption cross-sections, the third- and second-order nonlinearities were found to be comparable with those of literature, thus, making the compounds promising candidates for a broad range of nonlinear optical applications. , Original publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00958972.2014.959509
- Full Text: false
Happiness, national pride and the 2010 World Cup
- Authors: Moller, Valerie
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67265 , vital:29065 , https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781317664185
- Description: publisher version , The potential for national pride to take on shades of both the authentic and the hubristic is reflected in the International Social Survey Program's (ISSP) use of two different multi-item measures of national pride, a general and a domain-specific one. In contrast, domain-specific national pride is characterized as 'not overtly nationalistic, imperialistic, nor chauvinistic' and is expressed as positive feelings towards national accomplishments in a range of domains including arts, science and sport. Most scholars who take an interest in the impact of sport mega-events acknowledge that national pride is related to concepts such as patriotism and nationalism whose meanings are difficult to disentangle. The South African Social Attitudes Survey (SASAS), which has tracked the attitudes of South African adults around the 2010 World Cup, has confirmed this idea. The longitudinal SASAS study found that subsequent to the event, there was an enormous upswing in the belief that the World Cup had a positive impact on social cohesion.
- Full Text: false
- Authors: Moller, Valerie
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67265 , vital:29065 , https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781317664185
- Description: publisher version , The potential for national pride to take on shades of both the authentic and the hubristic is reflected in the International Social Survey Program's (ISSP) use of two different multi-item measures of national pride, a general and a domain-specific one. In contrast, domain-specific national pride is characterized as 'not overtly nationalistic, imperialistic, nor chauvinistic' and is expressed as positive feelings towards national accomplishments in a range of domains including arts, science and sport. Most scholars who take an interest in the impact of sport mega-events acknowledge that national pride is related to concepts such as patriotism and nationalism whose meanings are difficult to disentangle. The South African Social Attitudes Survey (SASAS), which has tracked the attitudes of South African adults around the 2010 World Cup, has confirmed this idea. The longitudinal SASAS study found that subsequent to the event, there was an enormous upswing in the belief that the World Cup had a positive impact on social cohesion.
- Full Text: false
Men and talk about legal abortion in South Africa : equality, support and rights discourses undermining reproductive ‘choice’
- Macleod, Catriona I, Hansjee, Jateen
- Authors: Macleod, Catriona I , Hansjee, Jateen
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6295 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1014770 , http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13691058.2013.802815
- Description: Discursive constructions of abortion are embedded in the social and gendered power relations of a particular socio-historical space. As part of research on public discourses concerning abortion in South Africa where there has been a radical liberalisation of abortion legislation, we collected data from male group discussions about a vignette concerning abortion, and newspaper articles written by men about abortion. Our analysis revealed how discourses of equality, support and rights may be used by men to subtly undermine women's reproductive right to ‘choose’ an abortion. Within an Equal Partnership discourse, abortion, paired with the assumption of foetal personhood, was equated with violating an equal heterosexual partnership and a man's patriarchal duty to protect a child. A New Man discourse, which positions men as supportive of women, was paired with the assumption of men as rational and women as irrational in decision-making, to allow for the possibility of men dissuading women from terminating a pregnancy. A Rights discourse was invoked to suggest that abortion violates men's paternal rights.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Macleod, Catriona I , Hansjee, Jateen
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6295 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1014770 , http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13691058.2013.802815
- Description: Discursive constructions of abortion are embedded in the social and gendered power relations of a particular socio-historical space. As part of research on public discourses concerning abortion in South Africa where there has been a radical liberalisation of abortion legislation, we collected data from male group discussions about a vignette concerning abortion, and newspaper articles written by men about abortion. Our analysis revealed how discourses of equality, support and rights may be used by men to subtly undermine women's reproductive right to ‘choose’ an abortion. Within an Equal Partnership discourse, abortion, paired with the assumption of foetal personhood, was equated with violating an equal heterosexual partnership and a man's patriarchal duty to protect a child. A New Man discourse, which positions men as supportive of women, was paired with the assumption of men as rational and women as irrational in decision-making, to allow for the possibility of men dissuading women from terminating a pregnancy. A Rights discourse was invoked to suggest that abortion violates men's paternal rights.
- Full Text:
‘Growing’ social protection in developing countries: lessons from Brazil and South Africa
- Barrientos, Armando, Moller, Valerie, Saboia, Joao, Lloyd-Sherlock, Peter, Mase, Julia
- Authors: Barrientos, Armando , Moller, Valerie , Saboia, Joao , Lloyd-Sherlock, Peter , Mase, Julia
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67195 , vital:29058 , https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835X.2013.756098
- Description: publisher version , The rapid expansion of social protection in the South provides a rich diversity of experiences and lessons on how best to reduce poverty and ultimately eradicate it. Knowledge on how best to ‘grow’ social assistance, understood as long-term institutions responsible for reducing and preventing poverty, is at a premium. This article examines the expansion of social assistance in Brazil and South Africa, two of the middle income countries widely perceived to have advanced furthest in ‘growing’ social protection. It examines three aspects: the primacy of politics in explaining the expansion of social protection and assistance, the tensions between path-dependence and innovation in terms of institutions and practices, and the poverty and inequality outcomes of social assistance expansion. The article concludes by drawing the main lessons for other developing countries.
- Full Text: false
- Authors: Barrientos, Armando , Moller, Valerie , Saboia, Joao , Lloyd-Sherlock, Peter , Mase, Julia
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67195 , vital:29058 , https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835X.2013.756098
- Description: publisher version , The rapid expansion of social protection in the South provides a rich diversity of experiences and lessons on how best to reduce poverty and ultimately eradicate it. Knowledge on how best to ‘grow’ social assistance, understood as long-term institutions responsible for reducing and preventing poverty, is at a premium. This article examines the expansion of social assistance in Brazil and South Africa, two of the middle income countries widely perceived to have advanced furthest in ‘growing’ social protection. It examines three aspects: the primacy of politics in explaining the expansion of social protection and assistance, the tensions between path-dependence and innovation in terms of institutions and practices, and the poverty and inequality outcomes of social assistance expansion. The article concludes by drawing the main lessons for other developing countries.
- Full Text: false
Culture as a discursive resource opposing legal abortion
- Macleod, Catriona I, Sigcau, Nomakhosi, Luwaca, Pumeza
- Authors: Macleod, Catriona I , Sigcau, Nomakhosi , Luwaca, Pumeza
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6293 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1014721 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09581596.2010.492211
- Description: The notion of ‘culture’ features in the abortion literature to explicate, first, contestation of the meaning of abortion (as in the ‘culture wars’ about abortion), second, the normalisation of abortion in certain countries (as in ‘abortion culture’), third, the response of women to abortion within a particular social milieu and fourth, cross-cultural variability in attitudes towards and experiences of abortion. What is missing is an exploration of how ‘culture’ may be deployed as a discursive resource to oppose legal abortion. In this article, we report on a study conducted in a rural area of South Africa. We conducted focus group discussions utilising hypothetical vignettes to stimulate talk. Although, inconsistencies were evident in participants’ talk, in the context of cultural discussions, abortion was constructed as killing and inevitably destructive of cultural values and traditions. Abortion was equated with colonialist interventions and as something that should be opposed in the preservation of culture. Furthermore, cultural opposition to abortion was rooted in fears around the breakdown of gendered and generational power relations. Examples of how culture may be used in everyday interactions to induce shame and negative experiences are also discussed.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Macleod, Catriona I , Sigcau, Nomakhosi , Luwaca, Pumeza
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6293 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1014721 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09581596.2010.492211
- Description: The notion of ‘culture’ features in the abortion literature to explicate, first, contestation of the meaning of abortion (as in the ‘culture wars’ about abortion), second, the normalisation of abortion in certain countries (as in ‘abortion culture’), third, the response of women to abortion within a particular social milieu and fourth, cross-cultural variability in attitudes towards and experiences of abortion. What is missing is an exploration of how ‘culture’ may be deployed as a discursive resource to oppose legal abortion. In this article, we report on a study conducted in a rural area of South Africa. We conducted focus group discussions utilising hypothetical vignettes to stimulate talk. Although, inconsistencies were evident in participants’ talk, in the context of cultural discussions, abortion was constructed as killing and inevitably destructive of cultural values and traditions. Abortion was equated with colonialist interventions and as something that should be opposed in the preservation of culture. Furthermore, cultural opposition to abortion was rooted in fears around the breakdown of gendered and generational power relations. Examples of how culture may be used in everyday interactions to induce shame and negative experiences are also discussed.
- Full Text:
Why we should avoid the use of the term “Post-Abortion Syndrome” : commentary on Boulind and Edwards (2008)
- Authors: Macleod, Catriona I
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6277 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008277
- Description: Boulind and Edwards (2008) present a case study of Grace, a women suffering, in their words, from post-abortion syndrome (PAS). In this commentary I argue that while Boulind and Edwards’ (2008) report is useful in terms of documenting the therapeutic processes engaged in, they would have been better served in not hanging the distress experienced by Grace on the diagnostic category of post-abortion syndrome. Reasons for this are that: PAS is not a recognised category of diagnosis, despite having been initially proposed in 1981; applying a PTSD framework to abortion is questionable; PAS focuses attention on the abortion itself in isolation from the fact that abortion occurs in the context of severely problematic pregnancies and other important socio-cultural stressors; PAS, in the very manner in which it is formulated, invokes to a very complex politics of the foetus. Boulind and Edwards (2008) are careful in their documentation of the complexities of the case, and thus their use of PAS is unfortunate.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Macleod, Catriona I
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6277 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008277
- Description: Boulind and Edwards (2008) present a case study of Grace, a women suffering, in their words, from post-abortion syndrome (PAS). In this commentary I argue that while Boulind and Edwards’ (2008) report is useful in terms of documenting the therapeutic processes engaged in, they would have been better served in not hanging the distress experienced by Grace on the diagnostic category of post-abortion syndrome. Reasons for this are that: PAS is not a recognised category of diagnosis, despite having been initially proposed in 1981; applying a PTSD framework to abortion is questionable; PAS focuses attention on the abortion itself in isolation from the fact that abortion occurs in the context of severely problematic pregnancies and other important socio-cultural stressors; PAS, in the very manner in which it is formulated, invokes to a very complex politics of the foetus. Boulind and Edwards (2008) are careful in their documentation of the complexities of the case, and thus their use of PAS is unfortunate.
- Full Text:
Waging war : discourses of HIV/AIDS in South African media
- Connelly, Mark, Macleod, Catriona I
- Authors: Connelly, Mark , Macleod, Catriona I
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6255 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007873
- Description: This paper explores a discourse of war against HIV/AIDS evident in the Daily Dispatch, a South African daily newspaper, from 1985 to 2000, and discusses the implications of this in terms of the way in which HIV/AIDS is constructed. The discursive framework of the war depends, fundamentally, on the personification of HIV/AIDS, in which agency is accorded to the virus, and which allows for its construction as the enemy. The war discourse positions different groups of subjects (the diseased body, the commanders, the experts, the ordinary citizens) in relations of power. The diseased body, which is the point of transmission, the polluter or infector, is cast as the 'Other', as a dark and threatening force. This takes on racialised overtones. The government takes on the role of commander, directing the war through policy and intervention strategies. Opposition to government is couched in a struggle discourse that dove-tails with the overall framework of war. Medical and scientific understandings pre-dominate in the investigative practices and expert commentary on the war, with alternative voices (such as those of people living with HIV/AIDS) being silenced. The ordinary citizen is incited to take on prevention and caring roles with a strong gendered overlay.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Connelly, Mark , Macleod, Catriona I
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6255 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007873
- Description: This paper explores a discourse of war against HIV/AIDS evident in the Daily Dispatch, a South African daily newspaper, from 1985 to 2000, and discusses the implications of this in terms of the way in which HIV/AIDS is constructed. The discursive framework of the war depends, fundamentally, on the personification of HIV/AIDS, in which agency is accorded to the virus, and which allows for its construction as the enemy. The war discourse positions different groups of subjects (the diseased body, the commanders, the experts, the ordinary citizens) in relations of power. The diseased body, which is the point of transmission, the polluter or infector, is cast as the 'Other', as a dark and threatening force. This takes on racialised overtones. The government takes on the role of commander, directing the war through policy and intervention strategies. Opposition to government is couched in a struggle discourse that dove-tails with the overall framework of war. Medical and scientific understandings pre-dominate in the investigative practices and expert commentary on the war, with alternative voices (such as those of people living with HIV/AIDS) being silenced. The ordinary citizen is incited to take on prevention and caring roles with a strong gendered overlay.
- Full Text:
Racializing teenage pregnancy : ‘culture’ and ‘tradition’ in the South African scientific literature
- Macleod, Catriona I, Durrheim, Kevin
- Authors: Macleod, Catriona I , Durrheim, Kevin
- Date: 2002
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6260 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007878
- Description: The signifiers, ‘race’, ‘culture’ or ‘ethnicity’ are utilized in the teenage pregnancy literature (1) to highlight ‘differences’ in adolescent sexual and reproductive behaviour and (2) as explanatory tools. When ‘white’ teenagers are the focus of research, psychological explanations are usually invoked, while for ‘black’ teenagers, explanations are socio-cultural in nature. In this paper, we explore how, through a process of racialization, the psycho-medical literature on teenage pregnancy in South Africa contributes to the entrenchment of ‘race’, ‘culture’ and ‘ethnicity’ as fixed, ‘natural’ signifiers. We utilize Derrida’s notion of différance, together with Phoenix and Woollett’s adaptation – ‘normalized absence/pathologized presence’ – to indicate how ‘black’ people are cast as the Other, the pathologized presence which relies on the normalized absent trace, ‘whiteness’, for definition. We analyse how the notions of ‘tradition’ and ‘culture’ are deployed to sanitize or disguise the underlying racializing project. ‘Black’ is exoticized and rendered strange and thus open to scrutiny, monitoring and intervention. ‘Culture’ and ‘tradition’ appeal to the myth of origin, thus providing pseudo-historical explanations which essentialize and naturalize racialized collectivities. , Rhodes University
- Full Text:
Racializing teenage pregnancy : ‘culture’ and ‘tradition’ in the South African scientific literature
- Authors: Macleod, Catriona I , Durrheim, Kevin
- Date: 2002
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6260 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007878
- Description: The signifiers, ‘race’, ‘culture’ or ‘ethnicity’ are utilized in the teenage pregnancy literature (1) to highlight ‘differences’ in adolescent sexual and reproductive behaviour and (2) as explanatory tools. When ‘white’ teenagers are the focus of research, psychological explanations are usually invoked, while for ‘black’ teenagers, explanations are socio-cultural in nature. In this paper, we explore how, through a process of racialization, the psycho-medical literature on teenage pregnancy in South Africa contributes to the entrenchment of ‘race’, ‘culture’ and ‘ethnicity’ as fixed, ‘natural’ signifiers. We utilize Derrida’s notion of différance, together with Phoenix and Woollett’s adaptation – ‘normalized absence/pathologized presence’ – to indicate how ‘black’ people are cast as the Other, the pathologized presence which relies on the normalized absent trace, ‘whiteness’, for definition. We analyse how the notions of ‘tradition’ and ‘culture’ are deployed to sanitize or disguise the underlying racializing project. ‘Black’ is exoticized and rendered strange and thus open to scrutiny, monitoring and intervention. ‘Culture’ and ‘tradition’ appeal to the myth of origin, thus providing pseudo-historical explanations which essentialize and naturalize racialized collectivities. , Rhodes University
- Full Text:
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