Gold exploration northeast of Ngundu Halt, northern marginal zone of the Limpopo Belt, Zimbabwe
- Authors: Simango, Robert Zulu
- Date: 2004 , 2013-05-30
- Subjects: Geology -- Zimbabwe , Gold ores -- Geology -- Zimbabwe , Greenstone belts -- Zimbabwe , Gold mines and mining -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5007 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005844 , Geology -- Zimbabwe , Gold ores -- Geology -- Zimbabwe , Greenstone belts -- Zimbabwe , Gold mines and mining -- Zimbabwe
- Description: Gold exploration was conducted in northern margin, granulite-facies rocks of the Limpopo Belt. Methods used in the prospecting include drainage, soil and rock geochemistry, geophysical surveys, geological mapping, trenching and diamond drilling. These techniques successfully led to the discovery of two medium size, mesothermal gold deposits (Grid 2s and Grid 4). Objectives of this study were to (a) document the exploration methodology used; (b) describe the regional geology; (c) establish a mineral deposit model; (d) outline the methods and results of various exploration techniques; (e) outline follow-up procedures and evaluation of anomalies; and (f) discuss results of the exploration exercise and conclusions. The granulite-facies terrain comprises Charno-enderbites, mafic and felsic to intermediate metavolcanic rocks and meta-sediments. Renco Mine situated immediately east of the study area, was selected as the ore deposit model for the exploration program. Gold mineralization occurs in shear and thrust zones within an enderbite. The gold deposits are structurally controlled by a first-order, Sinistral transcrustal Mauch Shear Zone, which is parallel to a regional east-northeast penetrative foliation. The deposits are in dilation zones where the Mauch Shear (a) is intersected by a dextral east-west shear (Grid 2s), or (b) has a sinistral splay (Grid 4 and Renco). Close to these deposits, the Mauch Shear is in contact with a "greenstone belt", which is a possible source of crustal metamorphic ore fluids and gold. The Grid 2s deposit contains fine-grained, disseminated free gold, and small amounts of pyrrhotite, pyrite and chalcopyrite in quartz veins within third-order shears in K-feldspar granite. K-feldspar, sericitic, silicic, sulphidation and carbonate alteration characterizes the deposit, which has a proposed mantle-degassing model. The Grid 4 deposit is magmatic porphyry-type, with CuMo and Au in third- and fourth-order shears respectively. Mineralization comprises disseminated to semi-massive pyrrhotite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, bismuth, molybdenite and gold. Wall rock alteration includes biotitic, chloritic, silicic, sulphidation and carbonate. In Grid 2s, Grid 4 and Renco deposits, the alteration mineral assemblages are in three facies, which are granulite, amphibolte and greenschist. In the three deposits, the mineralization occurs with the amphibolite-facies, indicating post-peak, retrograde metamorphic conditions. , Illustrations (maps) only available in print form at Cory Library , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
- Authors: Simango, Robert Zulu
- Date: 2004 , 2013-05-30
- Subjects: Geology -- Zimbabwe , Gold ores -- Geology -- Zimbabwe , Greenstone belts -- Zimbabwe , Gold mines and mining -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5007 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005844 , Geology -- Zimbabwe , Gold ores -- Geology -- Zimbabwe , Greenstone belts -- Zimbabwe , Gold mines and mining -- Zimbabwe
- Description: Gold exploration was conducted in northern margin, granulite-facies rocks of the Limpopo Belt. Methods used in the prospecting include drainage, soil and rock geochemistry, geophysical surveys, geological mapping, trenching and diamond drilling. These techniques successfully led to the discovery of two medium size, mesothermal gold deposits (Grid 2s and Grid 4). Objectives of this study were to (a) document the exploration methodology used; (b) describe the regional geology; (c) establish a mineral deposit model; (d) outline the methods and results of various exploration techniques; (e) outline follow-up procedures and evaluation of anomalies; and (f) discuss results of the exploration exercise and conclusions. The granulite-facies terrain comprises Charno-enderbites, mafic and felsic to intermediate metavolcanic rocks and meta-sediments. Renco Mine situated immediately east of the study area, was selected as the ore deposit model for the exploration program. Gold mineralization occurs in shear and thrust zones within an enderbite. The gold deposits are structurally controlled by a first-order, Sinistral transcrustal Mauch Shear Zone, which is parallel to a regional east-northeast penetrative foliation. The deposits are in dilation zones where the Mauch Shear (a) is intersected by a dextral east-west shear (Grid 2s), or (b) has a sinistral splay (Grid 4 and Renco). Close to these deposits, the Mauch Shear is in contact with a "greenstone belt", which is a possible source of crustal metamorphic ore fluids and gold. The Grid 2s deposit contains fine-grained, disseminated free gold, and small amounts of pyrrhotite, pyrite and chalcopyrite in quartz veins within third-order shears in K-feldspar granite. K-feldspar, sericitic, silicic, sulphidation and carbonate alteration characterizes the deposit, which has a proposed mantle-degassing model. The Grid 4 deposit is magmatic porphyry-type, with CuMo and Au in third- and fourth-order shears respectively. Mineralization comprises disseminated to semi-massive pyrrhotite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, bismuth, molybdenite and gold. Wall rock alteration includes biotitic, chloritic, silicic, sulphidation and carbonate. In Grid 2s, Grid 4 and Renco deposits, the alteration mineral assemblages are in three facies, which are granulite, amphibolte and greenschist. In the three deposits, the mineralization occurs with the amphibolite-facies, indicating post-peak, retrograde metamorphic conditions. , Illustrations (maps) only available in print form at Cory Library , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
The geology of the Shamrocke Mine and surrounding area, Rhodesia
- Authors: Kyle, Derek Lyndon
- Date: 1972
- Subjects: Shamrocke Mine -- Zimbabwe , Copper mines and mining -- Zimbabwe , Copper ores -- Zimbabwe , Formations (Geology) -- Zimbabwe , Petrology -- Zimbabwe , Geology -- Zimbabwe , Mineralogy -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5070 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013473
- Description: The geology of the Shamrocke area is described relative to its regional setting and position within the stratigraphic succession of the Lomagundi System. The stratigraphy in the immediate vicinity of the Shamrocke Mine is detailed and discussed relative to the work of others south of the project area and in other regions. The petrography of the rocks of the Shamrocke Mine area is described and the results of a great deal of mineralogical work recorded. Maps of the project area are presented at various scales from field and photogeological evidence. The thesis area is situated on the South Zambezi Escarpment of Rhodesia, and the geology described included the basaI succession of the Lomagundi System and the pre-Lomagundi Escarpment Series. The Shamrocke Mine is located on a copper orebody associated with a granulite or granofels zone within the Dolomite Series of the Lomagundi System. This ore zone granulite appears to be a metasomatised calcareous grit some 1000 feet above the upper contact of the Deweras Series (basal Lomagundi) and, within the graphitic schist and phyllite, below a dolomitic horizon in the Dolomite Series. The Lomagundi succession in the Mine area unconformably overlies the pre-Lomagundi gneiss and meta-arkose of the older, metamorphosed and deformed Escarpment Series. The basal meta-arkose, meta-quartzite and coarse schist of the Deweras Series ascends southwards through the Dolomite Series (graphitic phyllite and schist, granulite, calcareous grit, dolomite, limestone), and the Argillaceous Series (schist, phyllite, quartzite), the beds dipping steeply to the south at an angle of between 50º and 70º. Post-Lomagundi plagioclase amphibolite (altered, intrusive meta-diabase) forms Iarge semi-concordant and transgressive sills throughout the area, particularly along the contact between the Deweras and Dolomite Series. The Shamrocke Mine is on the northern limb of a large synclinal structure, the Rusere Syncline, which forms a large embayment of Lomagundi rocks into the pre-Lomagundi gneisses and granodiorites northeast from the Mine. The fold is overturned to the east and southeast. The copper mineralisation within the area and in the areas to the south is considered to be invariably associated with the basal rocks of the Lomagundi System. It occurs within both the Deweras and Dolomite Series rocks and more often than not Iies close to the contact between these two Series. The sulphide mineralisation of the Shamrocke orebody is considered, from the results of the present study, to be metasomatically emplaced during carbonate metasomatism, either from an extraneous source or from within the ore zone rock itself. The present writer favours the origin of the copper sulphide to be original syngenetic sulphide of the basal rocks of the Lomagundi depository, which has been mobilised and metasomatically relocated, possibly by the effects of regional metamorphism related to intense deformation. It is perhaps not fortuitous that the majority of the copper occurrences in the area occur where the basaI beds of the succession have been cross-folded. The copper ore comprises a simple suite of minerals, the main constituents being chalcopyrite, cubanite and pyrrhotite. The deposit is compared relative to the other copper deposits of the Lomagundi System.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1972
- Authors: Kyle, Derek Lyndon
- Date: 1972
- Subjects: Shamrocke Mine -- Zimbabwe , Copper mines and mining -- Zimbabwe , Copper ores -- Zimbabwe , Formations (Geology) -- Zimbabwe , Petrology -- Zimbabwe , Geology -- Zimbabwe , Mineralogy -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5070 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013473
- Description: The geology of the Shamrocke area is described relative to its regional setting and position within the stratigraphic succession of the Lomagundi System. The stratigraphy in the immediate vicinity of the Shamrocke Mine is detailed and discussed relative to the work of others south of the project area and in other regions. The petrography of the rocks of the Shamrocke Mine area is described and the results of a great deal of mineralogical work recorded. Maps of the project area are presented at various scales from field and photogeological evidence. The thesis area is situated on the South Zambezi Escarpment of Rhodesia, and the geology described included the basaI succession of the Lomagundi System and the pre-Lomagundi Escarpment Series. The Shamrocke Mine is located on a copper orebody associated with a granulite or granofels zone within the Dolomite Series of the Lomagundi System. This ore zone granulite appears to be a metasomatised calcareous grit some 1000 feet above the upper contact of the Deweras Series (basal Lomagundi) and, within the graphitic schist and phyllite, below a dolomitic horizon in the Dolomite Series. The Lomagundi succession in the Mine area unconformably overlies the pre-Lomagundi gneiss and meta-arkose of the older, metamorphosed and deformed Escarpment Series. The basal meta-arkose, meta-quartzite and coarse schist of the Deweras Series ascends southwards through the Dolomite Series (graphitic phyllite and schist, granulite, calcareous grit, dolomite, limestone), and the Argillaceous Series (schist, phyllite, quartzite), the beds dipping steeply to the south at an angle of between 50º and 70º. Post-Lomagundi plagioclase amphibolite (altered, intrusive meta-diabase) forms Iarge semi-concordant and transgressive sills throughout the area, particularly along the contact between the Deweras and Dolomite Series. The Shamrocke Mine is on the northern limb of a large synclinal structure, the Rusere Syncline, which forms a large embayment of Lomagundi rocks into the pre-Lomagundi gneisses and granodiorites northeast from the Mine. The fold is overturned to the east and southeast. The copper mineralisation within the area and in the areas to the south is considered to be invariably associated with the basal rocks of the Lomagundi System. It occurs within both the Deweras and Dolomite Series rocks and more often than not Iies close to the contact between these two Series. The sulphide mineralisation of the Shamrocke orebody is considered, from the results of the present study, to be metasomatically emplaced during carbonate metasomatism, either from an extraneous source or from within the ore zone rock itself. The present writer favours the origin of the copper sulphide to be original syngenetic sulphide of the basal rocks of the Lomagundi depository, which has been mobilised and metasomatically relocated, possibly by the effects of regional metamorphism related to intense deformation. It is perhaps not fortuitous that the majority of the copper occurrences in the area occur where the basaI beds of the succession have been cross-folded. The copper ore comprises a simple suite of minerals, the main constituents being chalcopyrite, cubanite and pyrrhotite. The deposit is compared relative to the other copper deposits of the Lomagundi System.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1972
The Patchway Gold Mine : a mineragraphic and petrographic examination of ore from the Patchway Gold Mine, Rhodesia, and an appraisal of the relationship between gold mineralisation and geological structure
- Authors: Ward, J H W
- Date: 1969
- Subjects: Gold ores -- Geology -- Zimbabwe , Petrology -- Zimbabwe , Geology -- Zimbabwe , Ores -- Zimbabwe , Gold mines and mining -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5069 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013471
- Description: A remarkable correlation between hydrothermal gold mineralisation and geological structure is discussed. The mineralisation occurs in vein quartz which occupies a fissure in Archaean greenstones of the Basement Complex in Rhodesia, It has been determined that gold which is silver-rich is typical of low-grade ore, and is associated in space with sulphides that crystallised early in paragenesis. Silver-poor gold is characteristic of highgrade ore which is concentrated along the crestal zone of anticlinal warps in the fissure. It is suggested that the local pattern of fracturing and folding is related to fundamental wrench faulting.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1969
- Authors: Ward, J H W
- Date: 1969
- Subjects: Gold ores -- Geology -- Zimbabwe , Petrology -- Zimbabwe , Geology -- Zimbabwe , Ores -- Zimbabwe , Gold mines and mining -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5069 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013471
- Description: A remarkable correlation between hydrothermal gold mineralisation and geological structure is discussed. The mineralisation occurs in vein quartz which occupies a fissure in Archaean greenstones of the Basement Complex in Rhodesia, It has been determined that gold which is silver-rich is typical of low-grade ore, and is associated in space with sulphides that crystallised early in paragenesis. Silver-poor gold is characteristic of highgrade ore which is concentrated along the crestal zone of anticlinal warps in the fissure. It is suggested that the local pattern of fracturing and folding is related to fundamental wrench faulting.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1969
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